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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Exeter Advocate, 1922-7-6, Page 7A Visit at Rothamsted By Ford S. Price Well known ae thedRothaensted Ex- periment Statiore is all over the world, 1 lookod in vain for it on the MAP, After a great deal of search and inquiry I finally diecovered that it was kmated in Hertfordeldre, which is one of the Englieh comities, not far north of London. From my guide- book I learned that the unaggicultural parative efie3cy. of Freech and Ger- his tenuity of purpose and his noble man potash was being tried oat on potatoes. On this field, to a new fertilizer is being tested, a barnyard manure made by spraying straw pile1 whom much, of the painstaking work with a substance which causes their at Rotharneted for the first sixty minerals in different eombinations and rd decay. The substanee esed is a years can he credited. The foresight ie. - amounts. The average yield a the cunure of bacteria in a weak ammonia and earrestnees of thetwo men may unfertilized plot, up to 1912, was 12,6 eoluttou sueh as urine, or ammonium well serve as guide to experimenters s 1 b te When straw piles treat- throughout the .ivortel To their earn - endowment of the station. elude ere- dit must go to his chief aid and ad-, viser Sir Joeeph Henry Gilbert, to bushels per aere, for a period a sixty- P a • p are• TTT one years. inc yield started at about ed with this spray they decay rapidly, estnese, their devotion, their fax - fifteen bushels in 18ea and has fallen and rot down into a mass looking like eighteelnees a.nd tbeir unselfishness," until now the Yield seems to he abouttuntrareped manure. Considering that scientific agriculture is indebted for I stationary at ten bushel's Per acre, the spray itself contains ammonia and the information and experience ofl with no sign of soil exbaustion Such that a straw pile so treated would eighty years of continuous field ex. single line te the place, eoneerning one. Where the rnieerals have been is le=ted the Rothanisted Experi- been 14.5 busbels. geotiernan Who wrote it gives but a a emop is of course not which whale volpmes have been writ- supplied, but no nitregen, as on lues; "Not far from Harpenden 5 , the yield for the same period has . The idea for this Procces came during the soil and its functions in eeietenee : a profitable have little chalice for leaching, the perunersts,_4..and the leboratory analy- plot should be a very effective fertilizer. greatest single store of knowiedge a ten, f ' the war, when the country needed high to -day. manure resulting from this preeese sis aud deductions whieh form our; mental Statiore" On plots 0, 7 and 8 the treatment: food preductiou, aun this offered A HOW Vie Waged War on has been the same as on plot 5, eneept, method of getting fertilizer more Visiting this faxrn was not the chief objea of ray visit to England. But I that plot 0 receives 200 pounds of ' cheaply and quickly than by °refinery' the Se, luack Grass. Not ion and that I would not leave the eoun. ammo:Shun snits, plet 7, 400 pounds, .om., am; qteek mese one of try until I had seen the institution, and plot 8,00 poureds. The wheat on used are inexpensive is a course an the greateet plant pests, appeared, and walked over those fields which these plots proved to be regular stair; important advantage, along the romishie whieh inniers our Another new and interesting e7e' farm. The plot was about two aeres { steps, the three plots yielding an; have become almost histerie. average of 23.2 bushels, 32.1 busbeien periment whicla is being tried out at . and is a gravelly Mem seil. We im- The ride from Imeden to Harpenden and 36.6 bushels respectively. These Itnthatnisted 1..7 the stintnlatt9n a nem? mediately plowed the vilicle tract of showed that Rothamsted is located in The /Vol.' 4 /and from the fence to the wheel track. yields show the law of diminish:Mg gronitu by e.entricitin a, eeetion very typical of Southern England. The fields are rolling. the retuens-that niter a certain point carried on by passing. a weak current; in fazt, we eve:: waived the fence back little ;more earn be secured from ex- through the son/. This has been tried several feet to erable us to keep the more -hilly portions being wooied. eg amen.; out in pot cultures and on half-aiere roots ureter coraron then dragged the Small grains end hay are the einef tremeir heavy applicatiens goPs, indicating that tbe sot. is It has been foiled that ferzers- those plats of abeut 20 per rent. While rather heavy, whiell is the case, On acceurit of the =nay of limber, the or sokaae nitrogen are more effeetive' this fact may iieve r be or Practieel . . g small rt• • , t PlJfrl in th ------------------------ile cosf eleicitis so high, methods. The fact that materials ry. • -A, ofr • z • • izer plots, with inereaee of growth on • • • English have turned to a very perm. for a fall -sown erop line wheat, when imPol'iant'o on a targe farm, esnetinilY anen e of farm. buildings TIMM y plot vnta serueg-teath harrow, follow- ing it up vrth the diet harrow, which aieleet mesh in destreying the romet lets. Spleens appeared after a few weeks and the plot was harrowed t rnav haveusea g its me.. in reenhouse or .,,,,gat.n. brick Ninth red tile rods. Now and and the balanee in the spring. This, . then, through the eartwindetp, one is filo way the aramonie fertilizers are other intensive farming. The mere Bach time, as it was harrowed, we ebent., eact.that crop growth is stimulated be gets a glimpz,..a of a big mart:nett applied, except on one or two went over the greund with a mattock-, which signifies that the country round 1-1 Infiufnee like an eleetrieal +(Bs' and grubbed mit the grass the grew plots. The remion for this is that the an wheat crop (lees Tzot grow rapidly:. t! urge, is in iteelf most intereseinge nose to trees and telephone poles. , belongs, or once did, to the °nem' of ' the largo house, "lily Lord of tlie enough in the autumn to assimDrainage Losses Tested. ilate' LiOnallY we dragged, the plot every the nitrates as fast as they bevonie The work whicli has been done at three weeles. which was quite suite Manor." Within the last ten yeare these hie estates, and thi,. ram pras„ age water during winter. tbe Erigliele have been brealtieg nie Available, and they leaeli out itt drain-; Rothatested on drainage, mud espeeial-lciennte /mom the V455 femme tly the avalysis of drainage water, is After two seasons we panted ?o- veralls farmers are baying farms et Plot 2, which receives an annual- the oldest and most extensive in the teems on this ground and realized a aressing of manure, has had an aver- world. The amount of water draining fair trop. Not a epear of the grass their own. Haimendem tho village near Rofh-1 age yield for sixty-one years a 35.2; through soils at twenty, forty and may be found along our roadside to. bualiele ; sixty inebee in depth, has been meas., day, though our neighbor's farm Amsted, is a quaint old-faehioned Enna' " thish, town, with its inra and enrine Se I could net nelp womiering what ure(1 eince 1870 by specially con- aeroes the road is literally overruu chops, with an occesional 74;1woula happert if the marairtel plot mewled rain gauges. Each plot on with it. onentioned above were to rezewe also Reveal:elk field is tiled ieugdevise, OceeMernelly some of the grans recelernize the plaee, nazi a few thateln a liberal epplleetion of pheeplioric,: and ell of these tile empty into a ',aria: sprouts nag fe=0., These aro usu- eel roofs to give it a rural aspeet. The village green, or eowanons. whieh aeid, or if manure were ;added to plot,: trough which extends tbe entire width ally weredentelied platelies, and w 8, Mach riONT gide 609 pounle aen-F. of the field. From these drains the bare found that tareed.peper roofin Melly Enelieh villagee boast, etretehes through the 'goitre of the Mewl acd far Inelif"' er' again' 41 there nettp, water ean be analyzed at any Vine, epreaol over the gran with edges up past the entriume to the grounds,' "Js" P''aC'ed under a geed rotation end from this field anel from the drain slightly lemma, smothered this inva- with ciever. Fr in is very evident' gaugem themeelves celiac a goofily per- eon eeten well weighted,: down with Rotimmeteti. At the Inn at which decided to that on meat plat e some of the plant- tien of our knevredge a lainee of sod earl. eiteree. spend the night they told me that" tc*"13 'are present in large enough, fertilitiers, lime, etc., and losses frome A etor.e pie Melted on a quae Betharnsted wass only a aort way up c quantities to eupport muck larger eroin different vultivatiort methods. grass pate% win extermlnate it quiek the green, The innkeeper aita velum, yields. Fortenately we do get a conil The field experiments at Rotham- Iy if the ster.es are well heaped and taw d the infornlzzUon th t z irrent parieen between the uninanurea piott4sted are all 'connected with the soil there are ereeugh of them. oeavatey fallow with eo fertilizert and with its relation to crop produce woifd visited Harpenden to see Roth - many people frem all parts of the end witeat in a ratation with no fertile tem. Experiments in plant breeding, anted. It was with no little pride! leer. Here are the yields, an average i animal breeding and nutrition, ete, th t h v• ite er for fifteen of the sante years: are carried on at other institutions. ter, whieh contained names of perpio'„ Continueus wheat - frons a great maw forega lams. 1 Breaelbalk field, Plot 3• ... • .11.3 bUS, Wanting up the 'common I seem Wheat after fallow - came to Rothamsted. In front of the Hoes field, Plot 0 ... .. . . .17.2 bus. main building is 4 huge boulder, on Rotation wheat - which has been carved this inscriin steidell field, Plots 21-22...20 bus. 1 tion; no commemorate the comple- The fallow plot is cultivated one Oen of fifty years of nantinuous ex-. year and planted to wheat the next. periment.s (the first of their kind) in The rotation plots are grown in a agriculture, conducted at Rothamstedi four-year rotation with a legume. by- Sir John Bennet Lewes and Joseph i As all these facts were narrated to In the laboratories at Rothamsted a lam force of trained employees are ngaged in making auitlyses and stu- dies of different sides of soil work. Entomologists are making studies of the insect life of the soil. As many as 7,000,000 insects of diffegent species per acre are found in these soils to a depth of nine inches. This means more than 100 to each square foot. The number is found to be much Henry Gilbert, A.D. 1893." Iminede, me by the guide. I asked if all crops1 greater in plots wrich receive barn- ; yard manure. thebeek of this memorial stands' showed this ability to live in the same the main building of the Rothamsted, soil year after year. He replied that A very interesting incident occuredmeen..y in the be.oteriological labor - II Station, a modest tevoestorey brick: evidle certain 'crops, barley for in- t'st- etructure which houses practioally sill stance, did almost as well as wheat, atom when a phenol of carbolic acid of the laboratories, offices and library. other crops did not have this virtue, solution was used to sterilize a soil, and subsequent 'counts showed more A stranger is imin•eased by the aim- i due to insects, soil exhaustion, erop 1 bacteria present than before. Repeat- plieity and modesty of the place. It sickness, or a combination of all ed trials proved thnt there is a group sold there in large quantities. is a faet that more building space isj causes. He sliowed me the plot on of bacteria in the soil which actually ----o- zeeded, but this world-famous instilled Hoes field where potatoes were grown feed on phenol, and winch this sedation Grow root crops on small piezee cf tion. has oily a meagre income, derived; continuously from 1876 to 1921, when is fatal to most forms of bacteria] life, new land. They yield heavily and these particular strains grew, develop- make good feeds, besides furnishing ed and multiplied on it. vegetables for the table. These are a few of the things one Use a pure-bred sire if there is one can learn by spending a day at Roth- in the neighborhood. Scrub stock =steel. One must admire the un- costs much and returns little. Sell or selfish work of Sir Jolm Bennet Lewes, eat the scrubs. Areurn fenee poets, frees, and stumps, where the paper 'cannot be applied, the plants must be dug out every three or four weeks, and after seaeon or Mee they will die out. This work is beet done when the ground is dry. Sale is sometimes used to kill email clumps of the grass, but as a ride it is too expensive to be of much velem as an exterminator. Chinese Eating More Meat. The old prejudice against the con- sumption of meat in China has grad- ually broken down. Beef particularly is now being largely consumed. The cow is used so extensively in China for power purposes that if its flesb were -used for food a scarcity of ani- mals for farm work would ensue. It is only within the last decade that -the movement of using cattle for food has started. Canned meats are now being almost ehally from gifts of its found- the yield got so low that it was evi- er, Sir John Bennet Lewes. The Engel dent the soil was exhausted for po- lieli government hes not been liberal, tatoes. towara its upkeep, and only a swan! Trying to Exhaust the Soil. amount of money has been given by In another experiment the objeet other private 'interests. was to exhaust the soil completely. Began With a Dispute. Oats were grown for a few years until The experiments at Rothamsted they failed. Then barley was seeded were really started as the result of" for a few yearn ot first with good an argument between Sir John Lewes results, but later it failed. Now wheat and the German scientist, Justus yen is being produced on this ground with Liebig. Liebig held that if plants no signs yet of 'crop failure. The were supplied -with other minerals, the ability of wheat to grow where barley carbon and nitrogen necessary for and oats fail is no doubt due to its their grewth would be obtained from deeper rooting habit and its ability the air. Lewes held that nitrogen was to get muoh plant -food from deeper also a neceeeity in the soil, and prom layers in the soil, but even this deep eeeded to demonstrate his belief. The rooting habit does not keep some fact was that both were right and both camps, as for example'red clover. In wrong, but the truth of nitrogen fixa- 1849 a start was made to grow red tion by legumes was not proved for clover continubusly, and in the next nearly a 'half -century after the found- ta-enty-seven years red clover was tug of Rothamstecl. seeded on this land fifteen times, but For my own sake, I regretted that only seven erope were produced. Even E. J. Russel, Director of the Station, after an intermission when no clover teas on his vexation when I visited was grown and the land fallowed or Rothamsted. I was assured, however, cropped, only the fleet red clover 'crop that all the employees would be glad following was successful. On a .rich to talk with me, and that the guide garden mil, however, red clover has would take me anywhere that I de- produced tremendous crops, but the sired to go. Thiseguride was a young yield has declined for a period of over agricultural student of Cambridge sixty years. It seems likely that University, and was spending his sum- "clover sicknesse; and not soil ex- Iner vaeation taking visitors over the haustion, is the cause of clover fail - grounds. He proved to be thoroughly lyres where continuous culture is fez -Maine with all the lines of work practiced. bailee carried on, amd took me into On little Roos fielel. I saw the plots every nook and comer of Rothanisted. Where they test the fertilizer and manures remaining in the soil. Here, the guide explained, was an experi- ment planned to- asstet tenants and landlords in sealing disputes concern - Wheat Continuously. . My first wonder as I walked out over' these famous fields and listened lie to the explanations of the guide was, why it was planned in the beginning Ig fereility adided to the soil by a so that crops would be grown can tenant leaving a Mem. As would be limuously on the same soil. I soon expected', soluble nitrogen fertilizers learned, however, that when the ex- are used up by the -crap, or leach -out, Periments were planned about eighty the first year. Basic slag has litele Awls ago, little definite eneedeage or no effect on crops the first year. 'Was possessed as to the by of son Rapeecalce lasts about two years, feeality and crop production. For Other' fereilitems and 'manures are beam*, On Broadbalk field, the most l'iled up bY er°136 ra't the rate a one* • • • Plume of alt, wheat has been grown half the filet year. 'one -•fourth the sec- ntieutinuously for mare than eighty- , ware. One plot on this field has had no plant food ended in any form due- ling this time. Another plot, has receiv- ed an annual dressing of fourteen loads of barnyard manure, while the other plots, some twenty in all, re- ceive ammonia CT nitrate salts or mid year, one-eighth the 'third year, one -sixteenth the fourth year, etc. These experiments show, therefore, that a small amount of fertilizer re- mains in the ground elmost indefi- nitely. Miscellaueous Tests. On some temporary plots the coin. come home at once from the Term first Parents as Educators That Problem of Obedience -By Edith Loclnidge Reid Have you ever stopped to consider that most tof the annoying things that children do are not deliberate diso- bedience? Most of the time they act either thoughtlessly or through mise take. Just glance over to -day for instance in your own home. You feel tired and nervous and know that things have seemedeto go wrong. And you prob- ably luave scolded the -children for doing things that` made you trouble or work. But did they really mean to? Julia tore beg new gingham dress climbing a tree -Co rescue Muggins, the pet kitty. Now Julia didn't say, "len going to climb this tree and tear my dress because mother isn't look- ing." But she eame along home from school and saw poor kitty yowling from the topmose branch, where Fide had chased her. And in Julia's heart was just one desire, -to help her pet down. She acted on impulse and not because she intended to disobey. Now the hole is in the dress and has to be mendeel,-but surety if we think of the accident as such and not as a direct disregard of our tcommands, we can feel no resentment toward the child, We mothers all tore oeiii dress- es when we were smaR and our mothers had to mend them. So let as riot classify such acts as these uncles. disobedience. But let ue now consider another incident. You have told Julia not to loiter on the way home from school; but she goes :wee to Mary's and plays until five o'clock- and you do not know where she is. This is clieect disobedience. But right here is a secret which every mother knows although -she may not 'admit it. If a child has been consistently taught to day ehe started to school, she will never go to another child's house amd stay until five o'elock without per- mission. This is the vital point. There must be no hit-and-miss °been ience. To spank a 'child one day for loitering and then go off to the club the neat day and leave her to wander about as she pleases after school is not consistent discipline and any child scron realizes this. Constant obedience becomes instinctive habit, and the suc- cess of the whole system cle--inds on starting in time to discipline and maintain a steady hand even though it sometimes is inconvenient for the parents. When baby first starts deliberately to throw his spoon off his high chair ansi throw his porridge about, that is the time to teach obedience to the law,e of table manners.. When lie first hits you with his little fist be'...... you have reproved him for a misee- meaner-that is the time to instil into his mine a respect for authority, and do it each time he strikes until it be- comes a habit with him to respect you and youa. eornmands. The secret of making obedience a habit is keeping a steady hold over the child's actions and directing him alwaYs im eaoh Rale action until de- liberate disobedience is reduced to a minimum. To foebid the child pot to de a thing one day and then to permit him to do the same -thing the, next day is a eourse of action which gives hien no definite idea of what reel tobeclie-nee is. "Consistenc.y-thou art a jewel" is no more truly applicable anywhere than in descipnne of children. Ana the need; law of successfui training in obedience is to discriminate wisely re- tween the net of impulse lied the maliec-hforathought town -tee THE SUNDAY SCHOOL LESSON JULY 9 Daniel Interpreting Nebuchadnezzar's l)reatn Daniel 2: 36. 45,47. Golden Text! -The kingdom of the world is be- come the kingdom of our Lord, and of His Christ: and He shall reign for ever and ever. Rev. 11: 15 (Rev. Ver.) Lesson Foreword -The Book of V. 41. The kingdom shall be divided. Daniel, line the Book of Revelation, to Alexander died before hie empire was which it bears a strong reeemblancen properly consolidated. After his death was written te h-eing eneourager.ent it was divided between his two gen- to men who were suffering pereeentien erels, Seleueus, who received Serria for their faith. This eneouragement and Babylon and made his capital in was administered by recounting the Antioch, and Ptolemy who reeeivea stories of certain young Hebrews in 'Egypt. The kingdom. of Seleucus was Babylon, who, though surrounded by the part of iron, and that of Ptolemy, powerful temptations to betray their the part of potter's clay. God, remained faithful to Him, and V. 42. The tees; repreeent the king - SO were deliverea fram their trials.' dome of Alexander's 3-tweeze:ars, Seleu- The two main ideas of the book are 'ens and Pt°'-entY• that the God of the. Jews is ha power V. 43. Mingle themselves with the and wisdom above all other gads reel seed of men. This alludes to the ma - that thoee who remain faithful to him tremor:MI aillaneee between the heueo are 'delivered from recrtai Beth a Seleucus and the hodee Ptelemy. a these paints are illiestratel in this, The seed of men were iprobably the leeson. eluhiren of the inanarens ruling at 1. e mammal oms, 36_ . 'the thee They shall uot cleave one '° to another. These mairages "Ond V. 36. 'this is the dream. Denlei,has net, hewever, summed in predueing juts reeal.ed for the king the torgeticn pole:anent hermonv urlon between dream of the eolossal imege, vs. 31.35etbem• pre, ehe Now he proceeds to interpret, Z. In:- " v" )' the Bible, drams are most often re- garded Amply as they are by men of V. 44. These kings; the euegeseers good some to,doy, but in rare inner Seleucus and Pteleiny. Which shall rsettnoeaetsietzihieyfroSraverGeoriclerea to be never be destroyed, The world king - ;dams all, sooner or later, collapied arid V. 27. Thou; Nebuehadnezzar, eine i‘Paeeed away, hut contrast to them of Balmier). from *B.C., 004 to 5ilf.; kingdpni will endure' Preen his movie we learn that be le 45. The stone . without hands. was a great builder arei a man of See ". 34' 35' "Without hunlun °c1". strong religions sense. King of kings; orieratien: it seemed to fall away of a title used particular by the Per. W4-'"11' But a ellurse the irnlilielt elan ldngs, Ezra 7:12. The Babylon- thought is that its secret mover was lees and other Oriental kings loved to,' (I"?' (Driver). Made known to the flourish high.seending The Go" king, etc. The veil of the future has of heaven hath given thee. lianie been (imam aside and Nelmehadneezer makes Nebuchadnezzar realize that he has been elrown what it holds. holds his kingdom es a favor ef the 111. A Great Acknowleeignient, 47. Goti of the Jews. Neliachadnezzar ppreeives the trtb- V. sa. Daniel enmeemeenes that ,funs of Darters aiterpretation and Nebuchadnetizar's kingdom he wavers.. rewerds him with enviable preer- at 13b2:01'11A*endreilx11.:i Aeyasel tohfatehott. Draahuniiesies'fik'll•is T,lithile:'';:;11acditnhie7.trs sal etertum acceriling to Madera' Application. int erpretation, is a Pirizormeal l'elvezimhei The Wien Text (Rev. 11: 151. de. tatien et' the <mune hietery. The mares, mihe leneelem ce the woela is four parts of the image gee:be:nee four tem -me the nheriereen of kireelorne and the head le the Baby- mar Lord. and Ionian Mem-lone As gold, it out3horo for ic,TETenhnirtelvear.n"d This is the Mime in point of brilliance am! e. ne prosperity. fareoff elivine event, i; To which the whele ereation mavee." V. 39. After thee . another king- ; The mICZet:Fi011 of dynasty to dynasty, dom; the breast and arms of silver,' the rise aed fail of talons one after v. 32. It is likely that this refers to another, as set forth in Neliechael. the Meeks. They lived in the mount,: nezzar's dream, the Assyrian. the ainous country, northeast of Babylon Chaldean, the Pereiaxi, the Greek, the and were the chief inetrurnente in the Roman, have been stages in the jour - destruction of Nineveh, B.C. 607." nee, of humanity along the track of Third kingdom of brass; the Persian. the years to that fulness of time when In B.C. 549, the dominion of the 'the God of heaven shall reit up a Medea fell to Cyrus, the Persian,' kingdom which shall never be deetroy- king, and in B.C. 530 he captured the ea, nor shall the eovereighty thereof city of Babylon. Thereupon the Baby.: be left to another people.' Ionian emeire became the Pereian. I It te the buseiness of the Chnreb and V. 40. The fourth kingdom; the:of the individual Christian, not only Greek or Macedonian. It was founded to pray, "Thy kingdom comer' but also by Alexander the Great, who captured to work and strive for its coming. The the Persian empire by his victory at activities of the ehureh at home and Issus in B.C. 333, and pushed his eon- in miselon lands are two expremions quests as far as India. It is symbol- „ of one sole duty -to make the king- ized by inon because of its crushing: dom of the world, the kingdom of our power. Lord, tied of His Christ, THE CHILDREN'S HOUR SON enty-five cents for a 9 -hole game, 31 for 18 holes. By carrying two bags ; whenever I can, I double my money." "I raised poppies on a vareare lot, ; and cleared $100 selling seed. Sold a I; few blossoms, but the seed is more 1 valuable. They are easy to raise, Haw Boys and Girls Make Money. though they require: plenty of water Everywhere bright boys and girls! and regular watering." are eager to earn their own spendingl "I raised parsley to suprly a certain money. A teacher of Fourth Class meat market the year round. I raised it outdoors in the summer, and in boxes indoors in the winter." "I sorted lemons at $2 it day dar- ing the summer, and do it occasionally A very few admitted that they had on Saturelays.- earned none at all. The answers of ee spend but four hours a day in the others, greatly condermed, are school, working afternoons in a tele - given here as suggestions to our phone office at $12 a week." young folks who are anxious to make «I crochet yokes, babies' caps and money. boudoir caps for a friend who owns The cha.mpion money-maker set up a dry goods store." a bicycle repair shop in a shed back of his home, and in the two months' vacation earned 398, above expenses for materials. Others wrote: "I lead the bread wagons that go out from a small bakery near my home eaeh morning." "I take care of a neighbor's baby for three hours every Saturday and am paid a donee. Occasionally the child is left with me during the even- ing, at the same rate, while the par- ents attend some entertainment." "I take care of a, neighbor's chickens while the owner takes trips or goes neighbor. One picked berries on a visiting." ranch, any number raised chickens "I work in the mailing -room of an and rabbits arid made gardens of -their evening paper, at fifty cents an hour." own, not a few running little market - "After school each day f work in the stads along the highways, putting tit; package elevator of a Mere, at twenty-; attractive booths, selling flowers, five cents are hour. Treually put in fruits, eggs, and produce of all kinds. aboue three hours." "I chop wood at twenty-five cents an hour, earning about $2 a week and strengthening my muscles better than in the gym." "By cutting ueighbors' lawns and our own I usually earn $1.50 each Saturday." "Ctit-ting fruit at a cannery during the summer gives me all my spending money for a year. One can put in whatever time wished and is paid thirty-five cents a box. "I deliver papers from an auto - 750 a morning --and am paid a regu- lar stalaey of 320 a month, A man drives the car." "I rinse pigeone aR the year round and, having fountd a regular market, clear good money." "I sell papers in a hospital, carrying several kinds and a weekly magazine." "Caddying at the goad club pays me boys and girls placed this question as a subject for their English work: "What are you doing, or what have you done, to make money?" "I make kites for little boy's and those who do not know how, using bright colors, odd shapes and fancy tails." "I raise and advertise choice bulbs." Painting leather goods for a novelty store made one artistic girl's pin - money. One of the boys, almost grown ni size, ran a press to make bottoms for tin cans, receiving a salary of $22.60 a week. An older girl mends the family stockings and those of an overworked Hogs on Pasture. The saccenstal hog grower knows the value of good pasture. He is not only able to keep the young pigs growing rapeday ansi continuously, but he is also able to keep his stock bogs in the pink of condition through the use of green feed. In turning the hogs out, it should be the aim of every -fanner to see that the animal,e have shade tend water. If natural 'shade is mot provided, then some send of arti- ficial shelter should be constructed, Plenty of good fresh water should else be made easily available to the ane. mals. Monotony is bad for the nerves it is a good peen to change the small details of your deny life, it possible, froth $1.76 to $2.75a day. They pay in older to bring a fresh interent.