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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Exeter Advocate, 1922-5-18, Page 3Address cornniunications to Agrono Controlling Insect Enemies of Potatoes. There are, roughly, four cozatrol- lable factors governing the yield of potatoes, namely, fertilizer, cultiva- tion, seed and spraying. Many grow- ers obtain the best seed available and fertilize and cultivate in the best pos- sible manner, and get neglect the spraying, which is most important of .all, Experiments denionst ete beyond a doubt that $12 spent in spraying is worth twice as much as a tort of 4-8-10 fertilizer in increasing the yield of potatoes. According to experiments held last year at the Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia, Station, around one hundred bushels per acre increase was obtain- ed front the use of $40 worth of fertile izar, or the increased crop resulting from the rise of fertilizer cost forty cents per bushel. The increase in crop due to spraying ran over two hundred bushels per acre and cost less than $14, or an increased crop due to spray- ing cost around seven coats per bush- el on the ;acre plots. Tho unsprayed field gave 221 bush- els per acre and the sprayed 868. A difference due to spraying. of 177 bushels, or the increased crop was ob- tained at a cost of 'less than, nine cents per bushel. Although there are some in the modern farm ranks wlie de- cry the value of fertilizer in boosting potatoes alo;ig, we do not need to take that position exactly, but rather to appreciate the fact that the spray is more valuable than the fertilizer, the latter being, however; u.eful in its place. ttie may believe in the use of plenty o' high-grade fertilizer. but let us not fail to emphasize the value of spraying, which costs less than one- fifth as much per acre as fertilizer and gives twice as great rename or is ten times .'aa valuable, considering the mature of money invented by the grower. The results mentioned were- achicverl in the Maritime, whore late Wight is prevalent, and the difference would not be so markedin sections where this disease is not found, :hough the proportions would still fa- vor spraying. Bordeaux mixture is, of course, the spray for 'the potato. During the past few yetra many growers have found it advisable to increase the strength of the mixture as the season advances. ititarting with 4-4-40, the second spray • liotikd be 5-5-40 and the third and Later ;;prays, 6-6-40. The spraying should start when the plants aro six inches high in order to control the potato beetles and bliight. White arsenic and hydrate lime, equal parts, is the cheapest• of all are serieal . The value of such a. mixture has been thoroughly -demonstrated on several farms. The directions for makinf;• this new mixture must be fol- lowed closely, for thero i;: danger in using poison straight or not in eon- jauietiozi rvitlr Bordeaux, or: in any manner but exactly as recommended. The great saving, however, that re- sults from its use makes it worth wards+ i'ur all potato growers to learn how to use it. The cost is about ones fifth that of other poisons or, to put it another way, one can make a white arsende. Bordeaux and the total cost of the white arsenic, bluestone and line, will be approximately that of Paris green or lead arsenate. In ad- dition. one has a better sticker than Paris green, a more rapid killer than lead arsenate, and the fungicidal value of Bordeaux a,a well, b The method of procedure is as foie lows: To each ten gallons of water 1 intended for bluestone stock solution, add two pounds of the mixture (equal parte. of white arsenic and hydrated lime) poison, stir this in and then g into this dissolve ten pounds of blue- t stone. This twill make a green pre- eipitate. Always stir before using. Use this, green mixture as 'f 't Fast, ?3 Adelaide St.. West, Toronto a solution of bluestone,- each gallo containing one pound in solutio Add the proper quantity of lime a ! Beginning Bee-Keepi ig. 1 ?mprovement in this respect is shown l Ii The best tune of the year to begin firshe second year compared with the bee -keeping is in'the spring. If pose Certificates are issued for all quail Bible the beginner before starting fled birds laying no ifeweeethan 150 should pay a visit to other bee -keepers and study tbe methods to pursue, Iii vaned ce •es ie 59 t flat stfor}birds� that his bulletin on "Bees. and How to over 225 eggs in the same period, pro,, Deep Them,,' the late l'`, W, Bladen, viding the quality of the eggs is net Dominion Apiarist, advises �starting lower than the grade specials in the' II Qn a small scale as nothingCanadian standard for eggs and that n, heartening to the too venturesoine as they average at least two ounces In an test with litmus in making Bordeau just as though no poison were in t bluestone solution. Ali growers wh use enough Solution, seventy to 0 hundred gallons per acre per applica tion of white arsenic Bordeaux, 'co trot the potato beetles, Apply at least eighty gafloxis. of po soned Bordeauc in the strength pie tioned per acre, and apply the spr at Intervals of from ten days to tw weeks from the time the plants ar inches high 'until they die of of age or the frost kills thea.. If t weather is damp and rainy, spray tener; if dry, make the intervals weeks. If your sprayer will only appl sixty gallons per acre per applaeati use it at intervals of from .seven t ten days apart. If you have a hand sprayer that only applies forty gallon per acre, go over the field twice a each application. When using poison, apply the poi sonCd Bordeaux when the Bugs -are just beginning to appear. It takes a lot less arsenic to kill a small bug than a half-grown one. Above all,. use common sense and judgment in spraying. Don't think that applying forty gallons per acro once or twice through the season will. grow a large Oro') of potatoes. Such spraying often eases a man's conscience and enables him to say that he has sprayed with- out breaking any of the cotnnian.. meats, but in order to control insect and blights successfully there mu be a certain amount of copper and certain amount of arsenic applied t each acre, and i:t must be renewed of ten enough so that a ciontinuous pro teetion is afforded to the plant. Potaato aphids hiberaaate for ti most part on the rose plant, both evil and cultivated. Root our all of th wild race bushes in the neighborlao of potato fields and spray cultivated ux experience. A couple of colonies are lie sufficient at first. With the gaining o of knowledge and understanding, od- e ditions can be inade, The first outlay - need not exceed $25 or $30 if judge on- tient is used. It is well to make the bees pay their way after the first i,. outlay. Colonies, coplete in their n- hives, may be obtained in May, or ay swarms may be obtained in •June or a early in July. The former should each xe give a fair amount of surplus honey d or a swarm or two the same season, ho but a swarm is not likely to produce o to lose his bees owing to a lack of weight. British Columbia again shows to advantage in the advvance qualifica- tions, with Ontario and Quebee fol- lowing, with new Brunswick fourth,. and Saskatchewan and Prince Ed- ward Island tying. In British Col- umba, 96 Single Comb White Leg - horns granted advanced certificates; averaged 238,$2 eggs per bird in the 52 weeks; 423. Wyandottes, 242,1? per, bird, and 25 Barred Plymouth. Reeks, 241.17 per bird. In Ontario 44 ads vaned Leghorns laid an average of 245 eggs per bird in the 52 weeks, 27 ' Plymouth Rocks 234,16 per bird, and 18 Wyandottes 233.13 per bird. In Quebec 10 advanced Plyreduth Rocks averaged 2236,2 eggs per bird, and 6 Rhode Island Reda 235,3 per bird. lineal honey the first year, unless it is two a very early one. The colony or swarm y should be fairly populous, and should on, have a young' fertile queen. Be sure p that the apiary from which it eames is .. ., free from disease. If possible procure s the bees in the neighborhood, as deaths of Bogs, t is frequent from unskilful Racking if the bees aro brought frim ar Tong dia. Tho maintenance oi' Canada,*s ex - fiance. Another reason for nearby buy-, pert bncai trade will depend to a nt; is. the less risk of disease frown' great extent on an adequate supply contact. The seder will usually; of hogs of the right type for courier - assist in the .moving of the bees. If. tion into first quality bacon. A:.s an the colony is procured in April or May indueement to farmers to breed and there will be less risk of jots than if feed that type a premium will be paid transported later; i for hogs that grade a "select," The A method of buying bees that has' grading of hogs is expected to cotn- come into favor is by weight, without meneo at an early date in accordance combs, in boxes specially constructed with the standerils recommended at for the purpose, Packed with care the the recent eonferonce of producers, bees will survive a journey of some packers and Dominion and Provincial d length, lasting several days in fact,. departmental officials, held in Ottawa - t disease t fter so long carry separationDepartment of Agriculture. Official a and will not be lil.el • to ca breed auspices of the Dominion n from their combs if the food supplied' graders will be stationed at stock -,THE SUNDAY (� jj o is free from infection and they aro yards, abattoirs, and. other points • compelled' to build new combs. Col -i where necessary, and a minimum "°"-""� . onies should be, proved in autumn or'I premium of 10 per cent. will be paid -ray- spring if the distance is less' be• the packers for hogs suitable for than two miles in order to avoid theta the production of select bacon. The d, return of many of the bees to the old dill'crenee in price between the grades e' location. Always bear in mind that of live hogs, other than "Select Bacon" pi1 the successful bee -keeper is the one; and "Thick Smooth" hogs, will be de - who has learnt how the bees will act tei�rnined by supply and demand. The roses in the spring, about the Jim the first potatoes are coining up, with black leaf 40 at the rate of a table spoonful to a bucket of water. The potato aphis is one .of the in sects, in the control of which step must be taken before the outbreak oc curs. In other words, eontrollieg po tato ai.hida is like imjerenee-�yo buy your protection not knowing whether you will need it or not. To control :aphids use one pint of black leaf 40 to each ono hundre gallons of Bordeaux and apply at a high pressure and with an up -spray o under various conditions and how these "Select Bacon" and "Thiele Smooth" h: conditions and the actions of the bees • ean be controlled, Poultry- Performanceeco Record. That the Record of Performance in egg -laying, established by the Poultry • u Diviaion of the Dominion Live Stock Thiek smooth bogs --loot conform - Branch, is appreciated is indicated �by ing to Wiltshire standard, but of the increase both of breeders and en- smooth fleshing and finish; weight 160 trice" for 1020.21 compared with the to 210 lbs. d number entered in 1910-20, In the Tho grading will be carried on. hatter year the entries were 67 breed- under tho direction of the Live Stock eery and 1,43fi birds and in the former Branch of the Department by com standards adopted were as follows: Select 'bacon hogs. -Jowl and shoul- der light and smooth; back from neck to tail evenly fleshed; side long, mad - hoe depth, dropping straight from lit c c:, hair full, :good general finis1t, no • oxee•:s fat; weight 160 to 210 lbs. The spray must bit tbe insect in order to hill. Apply black leaf 40 with the `first two or three applications of Bordeaux. It is particularly advisable for growers of seed potatoes to spray thoroughly for 1•otato aphids. In no other way enn they hope to keep down mosaic in years of aphids outbreaks. Few realize the immense amount of damage that is caused by the small, black flea beetles that are found hop- ping about the potato for the first few weeks after it tomes through the ground, in districts where this peat is prevalent. This insect tends to stunt the potato's early growth, and when prevalent, will reduce the acreage yield by one hundred bushels. In etre ease 'sphere the beetles were control led beside a plot on which they were { allowed o run wild, theu increasedenJim Crow—And Ana flow-to,Trim Him yield was nearly one hundred and d✓ """� �+ i forty bushels, from flea beetle control alone. 1 Breeders and 7,511 birds. Quebec potent officers appointed for the pur- shows, according to the second report pose, ,lust issued, the largest increase in the number of breeders, and. Ontario and A Durable Exterior White - British Columbia show tho greatest increase in birds entered. Tiio re- rN►aSh� port indicates that the breeds most Te make a durable �thitewash for favored by British Columbia ire Leg- outside ,urfaces combine fifty pounds horns and Wyaudottes, and by Ontavio of hydrated lime, or thirty-eight Leghorns, Plymouth Roelcs and Wyan- pounds of quicklime, with three dottes. Quebec's fancy is for Ply- pounds of sodium phosphate, or the mouth Rocks and Rhode Island Reds. same amount of soda ash may bo used, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Is- and rive pounds of casein with nine kind and Saskatchewan also favor, and a half gallons of water. This Plymouth' Rocks. British Columbia whitewash is easiest prepared by dis- staands well ahead in the number of solving the casein in the sodium phos - birds qualified for the record, On- palate solution and then adding this to tario coming second, Quebee third, and the milk of line after the latter has Saskatelaewan fourth. Considerable' become cold. The best treatment is to apply a re- pellant, and for this Bordeaux is the est yet known. No poison is required n ilea beetle control gas they absglute- y refuse to eat a plant that is coated with straight Bordeaux. If flea beetles are plentiful on pota- toes when they first appear, apply a ood coat of 4-4-40 Bordeaux. Con- fmae this every- week up until the midclle of July. It pays as well to protect the young plant from injury s itdoes the h a grown plant. . A Simple Way to Get Rid of a Big Nuisance MAY 21 Hilkiab'a Great Discovery; 2 Chiron. 34: 14-16, 29-32. Gold- en Text—Thy word is a lamp unto my feet, and light unto my path, Ps. 119: 105. Rev. Ver.). (Ma Timeiand Place--B.C, 623; Jennewere genuine or not. A de gat.: r n was sent to Heiden, tine pre,1 m is. Lesson Foreword- rsiah, like The prophets were now recognized as H'ezekiah, was a reforming ruler. the mouthpiece of God, and Heald. h Under him the religion of Teruel was `could answer the perplexing nue-tion. once again cleansed of many of its Huldah s reply was that the heathen elements. His reforms were the law genuinely expressed :is will due to the impr cion made won him of God. by the discovery of the hook of the Xi. The Book of The Law Read, 29.30. law in the temple, 2 Dings 22: 3 to i V. ng• Josiah convened a national 23: 25 should be carefully read is con -a assembly for thepurpose of ecce tin vection with=this lesson. the newly foundlawas the law f I. The Book of The Law Discovered, the nation. Elders of Judah and der - a4 -16• uealem, The elders were the heads V. 14. Josiah had'undertaken the, of families or leading men, ofi each inpaireof the temple, which had fallen, town or village,. They adnitnistered d ay, and had sent Shaphan, his justice and acted as repre e.;tatives secretary, to help Eilkiah, the priest,: of their community. to count the repair money collected in V. 30. The national asseni' y was the temple, :2 Kings 22: 3-7. And; held in the precincts of the temple. To when they brought out the money. i it there came not only the elders but As was pointed out in the Lesson a great concourse of people from all Foreword, Jehoasb had instituted a ! parts of the country* The Levites, naw system for keoping the temple in, Originally they were the ni'ii•=ts at repair. A box with a hole bored in it; the various sanctuaries throughout was placed near the altar and into this' the land. Tichen later these saanetu- the worshippers dropped their offer-' cries were destroyed and the only ings for the temple upkeep. Previous- legitimate place of worship ><.,�is the ly the priests had shown a great lax-, temple in Jerusalem, the Lew iter went ity in the handling of the temple taken into the Jerusalem temple. Ile funds. So it was arranged that the; read in their ears, ete. The fact that king's secretary should act with the Josiah was able to read through the priest in counting the money and pay- whole book at one gathering strength- ing g t e workmen, Shaphan was act- ens the argument that the betel: was ing in that capacity waren Hilkinh Deuteronomy and not the i.-1;r�'e Pen - told him of his great find. 'Ukiah the; tateueh. priest found a book, etc. "How the! III. The Covenant Renewed, 31, 32. book came to be in this particular place we are not told. We may con- The King stood in alis Place, ' jecture that theThe king had a special place when he c 3 priest had been in- j worshippednz the temple . .seeding the repairs or making ready p reel Kings for them; that he had been taking an 23:8 mentions that it was "by a pil- 1 inventory of the store chambers; that l lar. It has been suggested that for the had been cleansing the holy Place 1 this occasion he may have had •a wised plenty of occasions exist" (II. P:platfor-in, Made a covenant. A eesen- Like most outlaws, the notorious Jim Crow has, some points that are commended among law-abiding citi- zens, but when he is a bad bird he is a hard-boiled egg. His springtime ravages on the cornfield .are very largely responsible for his unsavory reputation, but he has added to it by occasional raids on the poultry yard, depredations on wild birds, ,and at - o r i were a h If . tacks on crops other than corn. At • .... certain seasUns end in certain locali- _ ties he becomes such a nuisance and a detriment to farming that he must be warned" by. making an •example of sone .members of his gang. We. have • set about- 630 eggs but only 300 hatched. The: eggs are fertile, but the shell cracks off and leaves the akin on that should conte off with it, and the skin dries and seems so tough that the chicle can not break through. Could you tell us what the trouble is? ---D. C. .. When the membrane beneath the shelldries clown so the chick cannoti emerge it usually means that the mois- ture condition's have not been right. If yen are hatching .with hens try placing a rnoiset Sod in the bottom' of • •each,nest box: It eq.' usually furnish enough moisture to en tble the chicks to`hateh. When hatching with tial- lsatoxs we soak woollen cloths in very hot water and apply them to the eggs an the eighteenth night. They are removed severel hours latitei% Then the cloths will be found dry and the. Moisture will seem to have entered �e s hells on cthe ce� _e chamber. er Then oosc the incubator and do not open again until, the hatching is entirely Sometimes chicks die in the shell due to a weakness of the germ. A';few might die in the shell even if the re- iitainder of the c.3gs produced a satis- factory number of 'chicks. Ovet°heating in the incubator might cause the trott-� hie, The air -Might be too till y r in the ronin v:heie the machine is operated. Butterfat .production helps to pay grocery bills but it is poor policy to rob the young calf in order to pay these bills. The butterfat prodirci on of 'the 1upon future depends the t growth and development of the present day dairy calf. The calf' ought to have warmsweet whole milk until two or three weeks old; from four to •six quarts per day, depending upon her size. Prom then on skirn-11111k may be be added gradually increasing quantities i nti1, at the.age of dive weeks, the calf.is drinking skim -milk entirely at the rate of seven to nine. quarts is . dai1Y• Warm i sweet v inllk is far superior to any other: It is a mistake to attempt to make up in quantity what skim - milk lacks •hi butterfat. Whole oats or shelled. •col n are eaten readily when, the calf is quite young. A liberal supply of these grains should be used to sup l clement the sl cum-mal)c ration which should be continued un. til the calf is five or six 1110lithS' old.. Only a' well-fed calf :i itilcis •a h ealthy, heavy -milk -yield cow. When he was a :Farmer he spice as a farmer, he understood as' a farmer, he thought as et farmer; :but after be cvs.s elected he put, away • his'frariner- ish thing's . Jini is 'only about half bad, and be- cause of his better .half, which does not mean, his ,wife, who is -just as black as he is, it is not advisable to treat him too harshly. Nearly one- fifth of his food is made up of insects, and he includes on his menu some of the farmer's worst enemies—grass- hoppers,'caterpilla.rs, and white grubs find their parents, the Meiy :beetles. Probably we could not get along so weI'l without. Jim Grow as with hint.' Killing off the whole family, if that were possible, would be a shortsight-' .ed policy. So while lire recommend the poisoning of crows, this treasure , i should be looked anon rnereiy as a, warning . to Jim- and his family that they have been going too far and that iihey can't get away with every- ilin!g. They ere wary enough net -Oil need many repetitions of the lesson, et least 'not in one: season.. I Every spring fanners revive their old feud with the Jim Crow family, carrying on a desultory battle .by means of scarecrows,' epithets, and the more effective deterrents of ,coal tai and poison:' Coal tar, Which may Y be secured .at gas plants : and some paint shops, t i not a poison, but it iii- 1 parts a disagreable gassy oder to the seed grain that is distasteful'to:crows and other pests. It has the advantage, not poseussed by some ether deterrents vii the market, of not affecting the germination of the corn when used in limited quantities. A tablespoonful is used to a half bushel of seed. The grain is first heated by an applica- tion of warm water, and then drained. The coal tar: is added immediately and a thorough `stirring will give each kernel an even coating. The seed is then spread out to dry o, is dried by the addition of sifted ashes, land plaster, or powdered earth, The best deterrent, however, is stryehiaie, which niay be applied to corn in a paste made up in the propor- tion of one ounce of powdered strych- nine, two tablespoons of starch, and one and one-half pints of water to twenty quarts of conn. The starch and strychnine are put into the water, which is heated to boiling', and stirred well when the starch begins to thick en. This paste is pouted on the corn and . stirred into it until thgrodg{h1y disteibutecl, the corn is spread to dry and is then ready to use. This method is better than the old one of steeping the corn -in a strong strychnine solation. Because of their wariness it will not be passible to kill many of the crows, but a little of this poisoned corn scattered over the field . of sprouting corn will get a few of them and the rest will' take the Warn- ing and leave. Using' whole corn for bait ,lessens the danger of poisoning smaller .seed -eating birds, Care should be taken not to,distribnte the poisoned grain near the farm buildingswhere domestic' animals ' might pick it up. The crows usually do their corn pull- ing ,at some distance from the build- ings. Befre, 0 going ahead with poisoning operations which involve ` the spread- ing of poison it is always advisable to oak up haws and local .regulations re ponding the distribution of Toison. l Local conditions may modify practices a great deal, 'especially iii 'thickly l e i i fated ie i - p p g 0 1a - 1 Smith). A book of the law. 11lost+ant was ratified by a ceremonial ob- scholars are now agreed that this wast servanee. A Baer:ne ial victim wa, the Book of Deuteronomy and not tile' hewn in pieces and the two p,irti.. i whole of the Law (the Pentateuch or to the covenant passed between c Five Books of Moses). At least three' V. 32. First the king made a solemn !reasons are usually given for con- t vow to observe the Iaw contained in sidering this law book to be beater -!the new book. Then the people w ie onomy: (1) It was read through twice 1qerequired.o sand and take the oath on the day it was discovered. (2) The,him, probably by res fro.:.?ng, great impression it made on Josiah I" Amen*" could be explained by the woes pro- Application. nounced by Deuteronomy if the law One of the results of the }iefori a- weere not observed (see 2 Kings 22: 13j tion was a new appreciation el' the and Dent., ch. 28). (3) The conse Bible. Even before this roan had s viz- quent reforms of Josiah are those ad- ep, with eagerness the portions of vacated in Deuteronomy. [Scripture that Wycliffe had trans - V. 15. Hilkiah delivered the book to lated. Foxe writes: "After Wyeliffe's Shaphan. This was natural. The high time some gave a load of hay for a priest could not by himself have car- few chapters of St. James or St. ried out the prescriptions of the new Paul." Some time after this Erasmus law book without the consent and wrote: I wish that the scriptures support of the king. If the book were were translated into all languages of given to Shaplan it would be sure to the people. I wish that the husband - reach the king and his support would man might sing parts of them at his be, ained. plough and the weaver at his shuttle, Vg. 16. Shaphan carried the book to and that the traveller might beguile the king. Shaphan imnf diately re- with their narration the weariness of, paired to the royal palace which stood his way." close byethe temple. He first told the There is a well-known picture of a king of the progress of the repairs traveler, on a wild, stormy night, work on the temple and then he di- standing up in the stirrups of Itis vulged the great. :discovery. saddle at a parting of the ways, try - When the book of law was read to ing to read the directions on the sign- J'osiah it cleated a profound iinpres- post..How eagerly d liow sion, on lion. He hesaid the recital of carefully he holds thehe lightelooksand iiia.tcli woes for the tion -observance of the as he steavess to reed Lite directions.. lav anti yet he recognized that it had The Bible is our boot: of directions, n de not been kept. .Ile decided to investi- wep vis and we are safe when, _- '�• n ' gate- whether the book discovered teller, its guidance. Thinks It Better to Keep Up Grain. Lure. Early spring pasture is highly succulent and for a short time • i c. will Dairyiiferi differ in opinion a to produce an increased milk now, al the practicability of continuing the aslly bicornis tale sensori wanes the supply gr alta grain ration after the cows .are turned insufficient to insure out to pasture. It has been our ea.- maximum milk mi1�Ic production. ]:Tinley out thatuit tpays to keep the Milch cows, to produce a profitable flow of milli during the paetnre gram up, and especially, with heavy- concert - milking cows. There are cows in everytratednadf edoto balance up t e coria ezi- herd that are beinnin to decline• 'feed to balance up the pas±urc. g � in _-L. R. milk flowas they are turned out to pasture These cows I do not coli- Fine do not make -good coves. sides profitable to rain buto l?s grain, as a,.rule Whim is no guide to food need;; .. cows do much :better and ,hold uespecially . p for children. Yoring stcrs onger en their milk flow if giveira can be taught ;to Eike the Foods good iberal gradin za tort even on good ,pas.` for 'them. ' •