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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Exeter Times, 1920-1-22, Page 3Summary cy Canada's Financial Position A short review of Canada's' position before the, war and its progress dur- ing the war will be fouiut interesting: Canada before the war imported much more than she exported. Or as one financial awriter has expressed it:— "The salient features of the econo- mio position of Canada shortly before the war were the enormous predomin, ance of imports over exports, the fail - tare of the exports of the couu,try to. expand in proportion to the immense amount, of external capital whiohh was being borrowed and upon which in- terest had to be paid and the conse- quent shortage of 'cash and liquid as- sets in the treasuries of corporations, h the vaults of banks and the purses of the public." This tendency the banks had set out with some success to combat some time prior to the,war. Canadian imports for the fiscal year "1913-14 amounted to $618,457,174 and exports came to $455,437,224, A similar pro- portion hacl existed some years be- fore. Canada , was borrowing • heavily trona Great Britain for federal, provin- cial, • municipal and railway purposes, oses , and immense sums of British money were being invested in Canadian en- terprises. British financial experts had called a halt in that respect, little dreaming that Canada was' soon not only to send her sons , to help the Motherland, but to lend her credit as well. Canada a Credit Nation. In so far as the balance of trade is concerned, at the end of the fiscal year 1917-18 ..imports amounted to $962,543,746 and exports $1,540,027,788. Of course, the war is responsible very • largely for this remarkable reversal. For the calendar year 1919 Canada's favorable balance of trade was over, $300,000,000. Moreover, Canada as a nation has ceased to borrow money from abroad, or practically so, Canada has successfully floated her sixth loan of $300,000,000, which was. over -subscribed by about $400,000,000, as were all the preceding loans. Although a difficult thing to arrive at even approximately a careful sur- vey of Canada's wealth—what might be termed productive value of realiz- able assets, independent of undevelop- ed natural resources --gives a total of $18,000,000,000. Placing the prospec- tive debt at $2,000,Q00,000, Canada has assets nine times greater. 1 igur- i..., ing the population' at 9,000,000, the � • average wealth per citizen is about $2,000, or quite equal to the estimated average wealth per Bead in the United States. One of the best indications of pros- perity and substantiality in Canada is the savings deposits of the country. Notwithstanding the large -ms raised.. in war loans, the savings eeposits in chartered banks on May 31 were $1,- 107,993,070, as compared with $663,- 945,750 663,945,750 on the same date in 1914. As a large number of depositors are of the class who subscribed to the loans, this result is really remarkable. There was no advance made in the deposits in the Dominion envernment savings banke. Nevertheless. in 1917, more than $14,000,000 was deposited, a sum greater than in 1913. Now taking conditions as they af- fect industry the Iabor situation can- not be described except as disquieting everywhere, but it is remarkable at the present time that Canada is prac- tically free of strikes. The Winnipeg strike in May, 1919, threatened to be a trial of strength in Canada of cer- tain labor elements. It was a triumph for the better elements in trade union- ism and good citizenship. Since then, as the result of industrial conferences and wisp leadership in the unions, there is much better feeling and cer- tainly much more friendly relations. .As regards wages, they are closely allied to commodity prices and there does not appear to be any valid rea- son for anticipating an - immediate downward movement of any import- ance in Canada or elsewhere. At the time the war broke out and for seine' time before—also for a time after- unemployment was -manifest in all parts of Canada. The war itself dis- located industry and business general- ly at first, but conditions soon read- justed themselves, The manufacture ofmunitions, together with enlist- ments, brought into requisition everyes available person, including many wo- men, and: from almost the veryt'outset wages' began to ascend and have steadily advanced ever since, Prac- tically every readjustment of wages has been upward. , The remarkable fact that the increase in the. savings deposits of the batiks has been about $500,000,000 in four year is .proof, too, that a very considerable percentage of ..wages saved was put out at interest. Canada has •not figured In the past as a country exporting manufactures to a large extent, • The war has ma- terially altered that and the Don'tinion has reasonable prospects of getting foreign trade in other than natural products. Canadian agricultural im- plements will find a market not only in Australia and Great Britain, but throughout Europe, A leading cotton company, as an example, has booked $6;000,000 of orders , ror, Roumania. Other large firms have also booked very, considerable orders in various lines required in the devastated. areas. The immense investment of capital in mining and smelting in Canada in itself insures a large export, while Quebeo is the sole producer of asbes- tos. A British Columbia smelter has discovered that there will be a large market for zinc. Perhaps the most attractive pros- pect in the way of export is in pulp and paper, in which Canada now holds an exceedingly strong position. This industry has had a remarkable expan- sion in Canada. .• In' 1890 the exports amounted to $120. At the end of 'March, 1919, they amounted to $99,- 259,165, and this industry, it may be stated, is :sot one which has been unduly stimulated by the abnormal conditions of war. The demand, es- pecially in the United. States, will con- tinue to •increase rapidly and sub- stantially. Well on to $175,000,000 have been invested in the pulp and paper industry of Canada, the pro- duction of which In 1917 was valued at approximately $100,000,000, Revival of Business Activity. There is another question which must be a large factor in the situa,- tion. Will the big industries be able to carry on withundiminished force, now that war demands „have ceased? The following opinion given by a financial expert is probably as good as could be offered on that point:— "Holders oint —"Holders=. of securities of Canadian industrial corporations which produce steel, cement, lumber, bricks and other building .material, and holders of real estate scurities should realize that during the next few years thee housing problem in Canada will bea very difficult one and will necessitate construction of much new building ac- commodation, thereby creating a strong demand for building materials. In common with those of other coun- tries, Canadian railway and transpor- tation companies, which normally are heavy buyers of steel rails and rail- way equipment, will find it necessary to purchase largely in order to re-es- tablish plant efficiency, which has suffered materially during four years of war. Many Canadian industrial andaepublic utility enterprises have poitponed large construbtion work and extension during the war, first on patriotic grounds, and second because the costs of material and laboi have been so high. In addition to : Cana- dian demands, there are the recon- struction. econstruction. and • food necessities of Europe to be taken into account as well. as the substantial world demand for agricultural and, animal products, for nickel, asbestos, lumber, pulp. and paper and other products for the pro- duction of which ,Canada possesses.. facilities second to none in the world. When the conviction once becomes firmly grounded that present price levels are likely to be maintained for some time to come, we look for a strong reyivalI. of Canadian business activity. A ninety pound woman can work more mischief with her tongue than a 200 pound man can with his fists.... LADY DOROTHY CAVENDISH Whose engagement to Capt. Harold Macmillan, A,D.C., is announced. She`, is the third daughter.. of the. governor;,. General. . , Facts About Canadian Agriculture There are in Canada about 667,000 farms, with •an' . average area of seventy five acres growing crops. Much additional area is devoted to pasture and ranching. , The value of the field crop per farm is, therefore, $2,174. If ta. this is added the aver- age value of the dairy, meat and fruit production, another $1,000 can be added. The dairy production of Canada is at least $e00,0Qp,000, and the meat production probably more. It is rather interesting to note that the United States claims this year a record production of field crops. The value placed on it is $15,000,000;000.. This includes cotton, corn, tobacco. But there are in the 'United States about 7,000,000 farms s of the same average acreage as in Canada, and the value of the crop production per farm works out at about $2,150, Con- sidering the great advantage of a larger variety of crops, made possible by southern fruit -growing, and warm climate crops, Canada's farmers are holding their gown fairly well, The Unitedtate s c S Secretary of Agricul- ture claims that United States crap production per farmer is more than twice as much, in value, as the Ger- man, British or Belgian production, more than three times as much as the French and more than six times the Italian. That may hold well enough, so far as comparison's with European countries go, but Canada's million farm workers are producing an average of $2,,000 each. This compares very favorably with the average wage of the Canadian factory worker. The 1917 census showed that the average factory wage was $775 and even if it now is $900, the much higher cost of living in the cities leaves theconi'parisoii as to net pro- fit from labor clearly with the farm worker, Alberta's Old Horses Wanted for P.E.I. Foxes A despatch from Calgary says:— ,Fox ranchers of Prince Edward Is- land want to .purchase some of Al- berta's erta's old and worrreout horses to feed the foxes. One rancher from the little island has written to George Hoadley; M. P. P., of Oicotoks, asking for informa- tion as to the supply and price. The 'fox rancher writes that sev- eral fox -breeders' are ready for an immediate shipment of about 100 'horses, as the supply of old horses in Prince Edward Island has been exhausted. Enver Has Become Threat' to Britain A despatch from Geneva,. says:— Enver ays:Enver Pasha, former Turkish Min- ister of War, who was recently elect- ed King of Kurdistan, has started a Bolshevik revolution in Turkestan, Afghanistan and Baluchistan, accord- ing to a telegram from Baku. Enver I is said to have many followers and is directing his energies against Bri- tish prestige in Southwestern Asia, the ultimate aim being India. Large sums of money, it is reported, have been furnished Enver... by the Soviet Ceevernment in Moscow. Lord Mayor of Cork is Victim of Sinn Fein Attack A despatch from Cork, Ireland, says:—W. F. O'Connor, the Lord Mayor of Cork, was attacked' by a party of men while returnipg from, a, meeting of demobilized soldiers. The Mayor was knocked down and �. assaulted. A couple of 'former sol. -r diers rescued him from his assailants. The attack is attributed to the Mayor's opposition to the election. policy of the Sinn Fein organization.' c •� Complete Independence Of- Armenia Recognized A despatch from Paris says:—Ac- cording to the Temps,! the Supreme Council, at one of its recent sittings,•. decided to recognize the. complete independence of Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan. . , llouse. (bags, proiiipt shipment, Government &west creamery, 67e to 67%c; do. standard, $9,65 is $9,86, . delnvered at seconds, 62c to 63e. Eggs'fresh, 90c, COW SAVES BELLE t 11lantreal, and $9,85, delivered at To- filo. selected, 63c: do. No, 1 stock, ISLE CO ONLY Milk and B Bread Only Rations For Month. and Half. Weekly Market Report Bread'stuffs-erial gal., $4.25,; per 6 imperia Toronto ax" 1 ` �0,�—�Yl;anitoba wheat!' ! p$,00, sugar; 1b., 29 to :80c. —No. 1 northern, $2.80; No, 2 north- �ka'vieione--Whnlesaie, Bits of Information.Dew fa only found on vessels w$ thirty miles et land,, 1 gals,, Lusitania was originally the HMO'' Iof a large portion et a whole On ug; water. ern, $2.77; No. 91.northern, $2,78. Smoked meat's --Ham s medium, 34 Manitoba Oats--No.2 C.W., 91%e to 36c; do., heavy, 29 to 30e; cooked, No, 3 C.W., 87;%c; extra No. 1 feed,' 47 to 60c; rolls, 30 to 31c; breakfast 87%c; No, 1 feed, 8514e; No, 2 feed,! bacon, 40 to 440; backs, plain, 49 to 51c; boneless, 58 to 55e. Carred Meats—Longclear bacon,31 to 32c; clear bellies,0 to 31e. oa72e:, Manitoba Barley—No. 3 C.W,, $1.72%; No. 4 C.W. $1.47%; rejected, $1.34%; feed, $1.32%s, to BLard—Pure, rd � Pure, tierces, 31 to 31%c; Ontario lreat— '.o.b, ship:ping b , 21�? to 32e; pails 31:48C 4 to 32.14c points, according to freight• --No: 1 1?rints, 32 to 22i3/z�crt Cbmpound winter, $2 to $2,01; No, 2 winter, tierces, 27% to 28e; tubs, 28 to 28%c; $1.97 to $2.03; No. 8 winter, .$1.93 to pails, 2814 to 28%e; prints, 29%c to 1,99;.No, 1 spring, $2.02 to $2,08; aoc. No, 2 ` spring, $1,89 to $2.05; No. 8 Montreal Markets. spring, $1.95 to $2.01. Montreal, Jan. 20.—Oats, extra No. American Corn—Prompt shipment, 1feed, $1,07%. Flour new standard No,. 8 yellow, $1.78; No. 4 ,yellow, ;grade, $13,25 to $13:5, Rolled oats, $1,76, bag, 90 lbs,, $4.75 to $5.25, Bran, rvnLeuN PARLlANIEr'T Ontario Oats ---No. 3ite 98c to 45.25. .shorts, $52.25, Hay, No. wh ,2, Speaker•-dexiguate of the Outeri° i $1, according to freight, per ton, car lots, $25 to $26.- Cheese f freest easterns 29Y c to 30,e Butter I Ontario Flour—,Winter, in jute , 550; do, No, 2 stock, 52e to 63e, Po- ley—Malting, $1.'75ttoes to $1.80. tatoes, per bag, carlots, $3,76. A : despatch from Quebec says:— The lighthousekeeper's cow saved the Belle Isle colony from starvation while it waited relief from the out- side world at the lonely island off the Labrador coast. As long as there was feed for her the cow supplied milk,"wl;,ich, with bread, provided the complete menu of the ' olony for a month and a half. When the cow feed was finished the cow was killed and the beef and bread kept the. colony alive until the ship Seal res-: cued the members of the colony. "We lived one month and a half on bread and milk, and if help had come some weeks later they would have found the entire colony dead from ,hunger," said Raoul Bergeron, one of the refugees who has reached Quebee with his wife and two chis- I dren, and William George Wyatt, who was with him at East Point, Belle Isle. The colony, he said, had been with- b out supplies since last November, when the supply ships failed to reach them because of the ice and storms. -Chances of hunting and shooting wild game were lost because of con- tinued storms, and the colony faced starvation against the slin'i hope that a ship would get through to them. Forty barrels of fish which in an emergency might have seen the col ony through the winter were washed into the sea by the storms and lost. The gales were the worst in fifty years, and part of the. concrete land- ing atese un that had•. been built by the Government at the island was washed away. B k t— 1 0 142 h 2 4 t St 1 N L` k t $ M uc w ea o, o Li Manitoba Flour—Government stan- dard, $13.25, Toronto, steers, $14,50 to $15; good heavy oc t ares. Toronto, Jan. 20,--rOhoice heavy Peas—No. 2, $2.75. steers, $13 to $14; 'butchers' cattle, Rye—No. 2, nominal; No. 3, $1.80 choice, $12,25 to $13; do., good, $11,50 to $1.85. to $12; do., medium, $10.25 to $11; Hay—Track, Toronto, No. 1, $26.50 do., common, $7.50 to $8.50; bulls, mixed, $25. Straw—Carlots, $14.50 choice, $11 to $11.50; do., medium, to $15.50. 1$1,0::50 to $11.50; do., rough, $'7.00 to Country Produce—Wholesale. I $7.25; 'butcher cows, choice, $9,50 to Butter—Dairy,tube and.roils 43 to ' $10; do,, good; $9.76 to $10,26; do., , medium, $8.75 to $9.25 do,, comrnoon 44c prints, 48 to 50c. Creamery, fresh $7.00 to $7.50; stockers, $7.50 to $10; made solids, 60 to 61c; ' prints, 62 to feeders, $10,to $11.50; canners and, 63c. cutters, $5.25 to $6.50; milkers, good 1 80to Egg8so—IIeld, 52 to 54e; new laid, to choice $110 to $175; do., com, and med., $65 to $75; springers, $90 to i Dressed poultry—eSpring' chickens, geee; sheep, $7,50 to $11.50; sprang; 26 to 32e; roosters, 25e; fowl, 20 to lambs, per cwt,, $18.50 to $19.50;1 hogs 'fed and watered, $17.25; do, 25c. .geese, 28 to 30c; ducklings, 80 calves good to choice $18 to $21• to 32c; turkeys, 45 to 50c; squabs, doz., $4.50. Live poultry—Spring .chickens, 19 to 20c; roosters, 20c; fowl, 20 to'e5c; geese, 22c; ducklings, 22c; turkeys, 37 to 40c. Cheese—New, large, 31% to 32c; twins, 32 to 32%c; triplets, 33 to 33%c; Stilton; 34 to 85c; old, large, 33% to 34e; Do., twins, 34 to 34Yee. 'Beans — Canadlian, hand-picked, bushel $5.25 to $5.751 .primes, $4.25 to $4.75; Japans, $5.50 to $5.7'5; Cali- fornia Limas, 171/e to 181,4c; Mada-; Good calves, $16 to $17; good veal.; leaner Limas, Ib., 15c; Japan Limas, $16 to $17; medium, $10 to x:15; grass,;. lb., 11c. 1$7.50 to.. $8. Honey—Extracted clever, 5 -Ib.' Sheep, $9.50 to $10; ewes, 4$9 to tins, 27 to 28c; 10 -ib. tins, 25 to 26c; $10; lambs, good, `$16.50; common, 60 -Ib. tins, 25c; buckwheat, 60 -ib.' $15.50 to $16.00. tins, 18 to 20c; combs, 16 -oz., $6.00 to Hogs, off -car weights, selects, $6,50 doz.; 10 -oz., $4.25 to $4.50 doz. 118.50; lights, $16 to $18; sows, $14` Maple products—Syrup, per . im- to $15. Lloyd George Gets' Legion of Honor A. despatch om Paris says:—On the occasion of'the ratification of the Treaty 'of, Versaillets, the' Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor was',,bestcwed IRlion" Premier, Lloyd George, of Great Britain. and Premier Nitti of Italy. Mteeele It feHONIN' 1 WONDER WHAT IT 1gs134.1.. Aoo''r? 711,6 i 1�� si/'i ; 4I eat l lII 1114.8 ffr1, CAUCASUS ARMY HALTS RED RUSH Advance of Bolsheviki on Odessa Stopped. A despatch from London, says:— The British Military Mission with Gen. Denikine at the latter's head- quarters in Ekaterinodar reports that the Caucasus army, in the line behind the Aksai River, repulsed, in heavy fighting, five frontal at- tacks, in an attempt to turn its left flank. The report of the British Mission says the advance of the Bolsheviki on •Odessa has been stopped. It also states that the report that Gen. Den- ikine has been superseded by Gen. Wrangle or any other commander is untrue. The statement says the Don army holds the line of the Don River from its junction with the Aksa to its mouth, and that the ,Reds failed to force the passage' of the river at any of the five points where this was at- tempted. Crossing the . river would be difficult, it is stated, except for small parties of cavalry, because the roads are deep in nrud. The volunteer army'is said to be holding the° line from' Nikopol to. Melitopol, north of the Crimea. • Population of 833,267 In Saskatch, an Now A despatch from Regina,. Sask., says: --Saskatchewan's population ,is now 833,267, according to an an- nouncement made in the Legislature by Premier Martin, who based his statement on figures compiled by the vital statistics branch of the Provincial Health Bureau. _.... BRINiGING UP FATHER EN 50 '' YES Q M S F1 ' E r`;e` LETTUCE -TufkhoS'?'ND THE, vER'',Vb ST LAND d ,'yrs CHOPS • hI 11 fie) /d Nei it HELLO -15 THIS eeFFAt:lee f WELL • WILL YOU SEND i�,,, is vP''HAT 40L0 CHAIN f i / , ,, OROEReo R141 -IT .AWAY- i7b 111/ 40^ 'At I 1 (ii fi rr WE ACRE 4044' 'fO Howe ei FINE• FEED• ,1 1, weighed off cars, $17.50; do f.o.b.,' $16.25; do., do., to farmers, $16. Montreal, Jan, 20.—Butcher steers, medium, $10.25 to $11.50; common,' $8 to $10; butcher heifers, good, $10.50 to $13; medium, $9.50 to $10.25, common, $6.50 to $9.25; butcher cows, good, $9.50 to $11.50; medium, $6.50; to $9; canners, $5:25 to $5.50; cut- ters $5.75 to $u 50• butcher bulls I goad, $9.50 to $11; common, $G.25' to $9. Furs Worth Fortunes.' The statement recently circulated about a woman who wore a sable jac- ket worth at least $10,600 is not so extraordinary as it seems, for good dark single sable skins will- almost' al- ways fetch from $100 to $200, and a robe of real sable, such as Russian princes used to wear, may easily cost $5,000. But the npbles of the province of Kherson presented -to the late Em- press of Russia some years ago an er- mine mantle which was valued at $50,- 000. Silver fox skins are even dearer —at any rate, the price of a single skin in Paris was at onetime $1,250 and a famous explorer has recorded how, in Eastern Greenland, he met a girl wearing a dress composed wholly of silver -fox skins. At Parisian prices this must have been worth quite $75,- 000, There are said to be handkerchiefs or rare lace in existence. worth. $1,000 each, and real "cloth of gold, made of pure gold drawn into fine wire and then woven by hand, is only nowadays obtainable in Sumatra at $200 a yard. MADE BOLSHEVIST BY INTERVENTION All Russian. Parties United ' .Against' Foreigners. A despatch. from London says: Lord Fisher, in a 'letter to The Lon-, don Times on Bolshevism, says: "The Bolshevist army is now they biggest on earth, and exceedingly, successful. Denikine and Kolchak are both gobbled up, and the Cau-� nasus and Odessa are both going Bol- shevist, added to which our thrift* rulers have now given the Bolshe-I vist armies the vast and goodly sup- ply .of guns, tanks, armored trains, locomotives and airplanes previously squandered upon Denikine & Co. "What invariably happened before has happened again. "History tells us everywhere that foreign intervention invariably unites all parties. = "Imagine the effect of the French army; landing at Dublin to help us coerce Ireland. "We should all become Sinn Fein-, ere. "That is exactly what we did in' Ruesia. What was net Bolshevist we made Bolshevist. • "Bolshevism is an atmosphere. i You can't bottle it up. "The great war took out the stop- per, and the determination every- where for freedom, too long pent up, as was the French revolution, has burst out and suffused the world. "All big things have exeeesses, even Labor." A. Humble Veteran. • In an Irish courthouse an old .man was oalled'into the witness box, and,, being confused and somewhat near- sighted, he went up the stairs that lett ffI to the bench instead of those that led to the box. The judge good-humoredly said, "Is •' ... ... ... '�� i it a judge you want to be, my good MISS CAROLINE CAbbt=LS, Toronto, man? "Ali, sure, yer worship," was the re- ply. "I'm an old minnow, and mebbe it's all I'm fit for," who has been appointed a member of the Board of Moving Picture Censors for Ontario. MAR.1 • I WAieT 'YOU TO ilAvE AN EXCEPTiONALL`e NICE OINNER ,1T5 To 15E SURPRISE ^JUST SET IT Fag ONE IT'' FIOC; t C ll 1l1�DA • AND t'W.AN1 THE LITTLE./ :DARLIty4 "f O HAVE A GdOD One gram} of indigo is•' sufficient tcf..: afreet the color et a whole' ton 41r' water, Thunderstorms axe more frequent n Java than anywhere else on the` globe; One California tpwn has provided, its fire brigade captain with an aero- plane. Mere varieties of fish are found id the Nile than in any other river in A world. A man's hair turns grey live yea. earlier than a woman's, it has bee estimated. A lemon will'yield nearly twice as much juice if warmed slightly before, squeezing, On a. first-class liner about 8,000 pieces of glass and crockery bre bro- ken on each voyage: Music as a curative power was ems pioyed by the Romans in cases of gout and sciatica. Ad attains i o A real g is full growth w g h at the age of two, is old at ten, and seldote lives more than 20 years, Buckingham Palace servants have revived their football club refs ivalesty providing the necessary kit. Nightcaps of cotton or wool. are res commended by a French doctor as safeguards against colds in the head: A shark 6 feet long was recently caught by a girl fishing with an orate+ ary hook and line in Buda Bay, Corn- wall. The largest coral reef in the world, the Great Barmier of North Australia, is 1,000 miles long and 30 miles wide. The latest speed record for a .flight' in an 'aeroplane is a distance of 171 miles in one hour, "flown at' Monte' Cello, Italy. The. tour of the Prince of Wales lin Canada and the United States was of- filmed, f iiciaily filmed, 15,000 feet being re- ing required for the Canadian visit alone. Reclaiming the Zuider Zee, Holland has once more taken up the task she set herself .soiree months prior to the war of draining and reclaiming, the Zuider Zee, It is a gigantic task,', but one which Dutch engineers feel competent to accomplish. They are ambitious of reclaiming what centuries ago was dry land with well -populated towns and village's. The pra;eet, when carried out, will enlarge Holinad. by more than. 600,000 acres, of which it is believed 486,025 will besuitable for farming. Work has already been started on the dam or embankment which is to span the north end of the sea from Wierfngen, in north Holland, to Pisani; Friesland. This embankment, which' will be nearly fifteen',iiles long and will take nine years to complete, is to carry a double railway and a road for ordinary traffic, affording access be- tween North Holland and Friesland, and communication with the, North' Sea will be by means of two lucks and thirty-three sluice gates. On completion of the embankment, the four areas within are to ba drained and reclaimed (yielding some 827 square miles), and .the Yssel and other rivers will flow into the remaining water and thus form a reservoir which: will supply the needs of the .;;around-, ing country. It is estimated that the scheme will take thirty-three years to complete, and that the reclaimed land,. which will be the property of the gov- ernment, will yield a yearly net return in rents of at least $2,500,000. —4 -- New X -Ray Use. A new and interesting ccmmercal use of the X-ray whereby defects in materials like steel and timbee, may be disclosed was discussed at ,>, re- eent meeting of the Faraday and Rout- gen societies in Loudon, according to "Commerce Reports," a government publication: "It is claimed that one obvicus ap- plication of the X-rays is tfi the ex- amination of metal east ngr for de- fects, such as blow holes, which cnn,- not be revealed by external inspection and yet may seriously impair . the strength of the finished. article. If the castings are not too large ,each of them niay be subjected .to routine testing by the rays and blow holes se. curring at regular intervals -elimin- ated. Mr. Schneider, at whose plant much work in radiometaliography has been carried out, suggested that if a num- ber of carbon steel and tungsten steel bars had been accidentally ;nixed up, they might be quickly sorted by means of X-rays, the radiographs obtained with carbon being blacker than with. tungsten steel, because the rays pene. trate the latter less freely than the former, owing to the lighter atomics weight of the constituent tungsten. At present only a few Males can be penetrated, but great improvements have been made by the Coolidge X-ray tube, and further advances niay be Iooked for not only in this portion of. the apparatus, but also In the methods employed for detecting the rays after: they pass through the material tinder investigation." Signalling by Radio, : Successful tears of railway sig; ale ling by a new system 11 ts:ed on radio telegraph'? reeenfly ` were , .1+."rind out in Pranre. 5r14'v e i' or Aral'. The e,., oe, (1 t' ree:etitly pattutelt sho'uel e re velere ?e,cri 111/1• ssliarpea:e,I so tboy earl l/' ,..;:red to cut rooter tell buried wood.,