Exeter Times, 1915-10-14, Page 2RUSSIAN HAVE UPPER. HAND •
ALL ALOE G FRONT OF BATTLE
sols Suffering Setbacks in Fighting, Both at
Dvinsk and in the. Volhynia Region
A despatch from Petrograd says:
rile only parts of the Russian front
that display any great activity now
are the Dvinsk sector and the sector
on the middle Styr in Volhynia.
At Dvinsk} despite unceasing ef-
forts, the Germans are still held at
gunshot distance, and whenever they
make a vigorous attack they suffer
repulse, with heavy losses from the
Russian artillery tire, Yet Gen. von
Buelow is taking Dviretk very seri-
ously. Along the Vilkonzir road the
field railway runs for over 20 miles,
and heavy guns and ammunition are
being brought up continually to the
front. The German force immediate-
ly opposite Dvinsk is being strength-
ened, but the flanks are wavering.
North of Dvinsk the Russians are
barrassing the Germans and driving
them out of village after village.
South of Dvinsk the enemy's front is
being steadily pushed back towards
Sventsiany, and almost daily the Rus-
sians recapture a village or two and
lead off trman prisoners.
The action of Daniustavo, on the
Viliya, is typical of this kind of fight-
ing, The battle lasted several days..
The Germans were driven from the
trenches, but repeatedly counter
r.tta.cked, only to be flung baok every-
where by the Russian fire. • They
brought up reserves and succeeded in
advancing to within 200 yards of the
Russian lines. Then two Russian
companies causeht the advancing Ger-
mans on the flank and held them
while the artillery dealt with the
enemy's supports. The result+eyas
that the isolated advancing group
was annihilated by the Russian bayo-
nets.
From the Viliya to the Pripet there
1 is effective skirmishing all along the
line. South of the Pripet the sting
has been taken out of General Pu-
hallo's temporary success on the mid-
dle Styr, and his army, for all that it
was reinforced from the neighboring
armies of Generals Lisingen and Mac-
kensen, is being propelled back into
the swamps.
WEAKEN GERMAN RUSSIAN SNIPS
SECOND DEFENCE BOMBARD VARNA
Another Important Gain Has Been
Made By the French in
Champagne.
A despatch from Paris says: Fur-
ther important gains by the French
troops in Champagne are announced
ay the War Office. The village of garian port of Varna.
Tahure, less than two miles south of The Bulgarians are said to be fe-
the railway serving the German verishly fortifying the port of Dedea-
trenches along the district between ghatch. All buildings on the coast
Rheims and the Argonne, has been have been evacuated and long-range.
taken by assault, and the victorious' guns are being placed in the forts,
French infantry pushed forward and i while the port is being heavily mined.
reached the heights north of the vile i This would indicate that the Bulger -
loge, These heights form part of the ; ians anticipate what is considered
Gorman second line. , likely here, a naval bombardment of
As in the case of the previous great , Dedeaghatch by French and British
success in this part of the front vac ,fleets and a possible attempt to land
tory followed an incessant bombard -1 an expeditionary force.
anent, of the German trenches, French; The Anglo-French troops, which
bayonets completing the task. were landed at Salonica with the to
More than 1,000 prisoners were cit consent of the Greek Government,
taken by the French in these opera are being hurried northward to assist]
Cruisers Are Pouring Shells Into the
Bulgarian Port and Causing
Much Damage.
A despatch from London says: The
Cologne Gazette reports two Russian
cruisers actively bombarding the Bul-
tions, which included progress in the Serbia, and, if possible, keep the Bul-
environs of the Navarin farm. garians from capturing the Salonica-
A ,Rotterdam despatch says: =`Ai- Nish railway, the only source by
though the majority of the German which the Serbians can be fed with shorts, per ton, $24; middlings, per
papers shriek loudly about the allies' munitions of war.
offensive being smashed, Major Mor- Public opinion in Bulgaria is not f t$1 5025; good feed flour, per bag,
aht. quite the coolest of the German entirely unanimous in support of
military critics, sounds a strong King Ferdinand, and reports indicate
darning in the Berliner Tageblatt, that the Bulgarian mobilization is -not
clearly suggesting that Germany has being carried out without difficulty.
as yet experienced only the beginning The King and Premier Radoslavoff,
ofthings, and much more serious at however, have finally thrown in their
WHERE THE FRENCH WON IMPORTANT VICTORY; GERMAN EFFORTS CAMP COOKERY
SOUCHEZ REFINERY AND REMAINS OF VILLAGE COMEIli NOUGHT AT T FRONT
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-�'tt
The bare and broken rafters of the roofs of destroyed cottages to the left, anti. the burning hooses in the
centre of the photograph mark the site of the tillage of Sanchez, north of Arras, which for weeks
has formed the centre of continuous hard fighting between the French assailants and the entrench,
ed and fortified Germans. To the right are visible the scarred and gaunt ruins of the now -celebrated'
sugar factory: of Sanchez, the key and citadel of the German ford Elections in that sector of the field'
for theossession of which attack and counter-attack have been proceeding ever since the taking o4Garency and Notre Dame de Loretto gave the French a footing ‘vit bin the enemy's line of entrench,
anents. The photograph itself was taken from the French advanced lines actually during one of the
earlier attacks.
The Leading
Breadstuffs.
Toronto, Oct. 12. -Manitoba wheat,
new crop -No. 1 Northetn, $1.071/4;
No. 2 do., $1•.06, on track Iake ports,
immediate shipment.
Manitoba oats -No. 2 C.W., 48%c,
on track lake ports,
American corn -No. 2 yellow, '70%c
on track lake ports.
Canadian corn -No. 2 yellow, 70c,
on track Toronto.
Ontario oats, new crop -No. 2
white, 37 to 38c; No. 3 do., 35 to 37c;
No. 1 commercial oats, 31 to 34c, ac-
cording to freights outside.
Ontario wheat -No. 2 Winter, per
car lot,=90 to 92c; slightly tough, 80
to 87c; sprouted or smutty,' 65 to 80c,
according to sample.
Peas -No. 2 nominal, per car lots,
$1.25 to $1.40, according to freights
outside•
Barley -Good malting barley, 52 to
54c; feed barley, 40 to 45c, according
to freights outside.
Buckwheat -Car lots, nominal, ac-
cording to freights outside.
Rye -No. 2, nominal, 87c; tough
rye, 60 to 75c, according to sample.
Manitoba flour -First patents, in
jute bags, $5.75; second patents, in
jute bags, $5.25; strong bakers', in
jute bags, $5.05, Toronto.
Ontario flour -New Winter, 90 per
cent. patents, $3.80, seaboard, or To
mentronto freight, in bags, prompt ship-
.
Milifeed, car lots, delivered Mont-
real freights -Bran, per ton; $22;
Markets
Country Produce.
Butter -Fresh dairy, 26 to 28c;
inferior, 22 to 23c; creamery prints,
31 to 32c; do., solids, 29 to 30c.
ITALIANS NEARING R OVERETO
WHICH IS RE PORTED EVACUATED
Many Small Engagements Around Gorizia, in Which
Austrians Lost Numerous Prisoners
A despatch from London says: The
Italians record another advance to-
ward Rovereto, which has so many
times been reported as evacuated by
the Austrians. On the plateau of
Folgaria several villages have been
occupied by the invaders, who drove
the enemy from the neighboring
township of Prazza and forced his re-
treat toward Potpich.
On the Sealass crest and an the
northern slopes of Carso and Gorizia
a number of small engagements have
taken place, the Austrians being
everywhere repulsed, leaving a num-
ber`of prisoners in the hands of the
Italians.
Hay, steady. Hops easy, Pacific
coast, 1915, 13 to 15c. Hides steady.
Leather firm.
Live Stock Markets.
Toronto, Oct. 12. -The quotations
were: -Best heavy steers, $7.75 to
$8; butchers' cattle, choice, $7.60 to
$7.75; do., good, $7.10 to $7.50; do.,
medium, $6.50 to $7; do., common,
$5 to $5.40; butchers' bulls, choice,
86,25 to $7; do., good bulls, $5.75 to
$6 do., rough bulls, $4.75 to $5.25;
chess cows choice $6.45 to $6.75
but ;
do., good, $5.25 to $6; do., medium,
$5 to $5.75; ,do., common, $4.50 to
$5; feeders, good, $6.50 to $7; stock-
ers, 700 to '900 lbs., $6.25 to $6.75;
canners and cutters, $3 to $4.50;
milkers, choice, each, $65 to $100; do.,
common and medium, each, $35 to
$50; Springers, $50 to $95; light
ewes, $5.25 to $6.25; sheep, heavy,
$4.25 to $4.75; do., bucks, $3.50 to
$4.50;y earling lambs, $7 to $7.50;
Spring lambs, cwt., $8.25 to $8.60;
lot with Austria, German and Tur- Eggs -No. 1, 27 to 28c per dozen, calves, medium to choice, $7.30 to
tacks- may be expected on a much Y in case lots; extra at 30 to 31c. • $11; hogs, off cars, $10.40 to $10.50;
more extended scale. He says: 'What key Honey -No. 1 light (wholesale), 10 do., fed and watered, $10.15; do.,
has been the result of the Franco- Invasion of Serbia. to 111/2c; do., retail, 12% to 15c. f.o.b., $9.80.
British offensive which has been go -German and Austrian armies of Combs (wholesale), per dozen, No. 1, Montreal, Oct. 12. -There continues
ing on eleven days ? Our higher com-
mand remarks that the offensive is a
failure. This judgment will satisfy
wide circles in Germany who have not
concealed from themselves the seri-
ousness of the western situation. We
must, however, add to this declaration
that the great struggle in the west
has not yet found its conclusion. It
is a question of several armies on
the French side, and even if one of
them can be booked as Iost already,
France will not leave the others in-
active behind the front. Enormous
supplies of ammunition, supplemented
by what still comes from neutral
America, and the massing of heavy
artillery will, without doubt, Iead the
French to new action, for which she
Jas made enormous preparations.' "
ALL BRASS UTENSILS
IN VIENNA TAKEN UP
A despatch from Rome says: The
reportedly great strength have crass- $2.40; No. 2, $1.50 to $2. to be a scarcity of good to choice
ed into Serbia at three widely diver- Poultry -Chickens, 17 to 18c; steers, but the offerings of fairly good
gent points, and have firmly estab- fowls, 14 to 15c; ducklings, 16 to 18e; stock were fair, which met with a
lished themselves. This news is con-
tained in an official statement from
the German War Office, which says:
"German and Austro-Hungarian
troops crossed the Drina, the Save on track.
and the Danube at many places, and
obtained firm footing on the eastern
bank of the Drina and the southern
banks of the Save and the Danube."
News from various sources place
the strength of the Teutonic armies
invading Serbia at 400,000 men. The
troops which Bulgaria is able to
throw against the southern borders of.
Serbia are supposed to be of of about
equal number. While there is no
news yet at hand that the Bulgarian
forces have moved to cross the fron-
tier, it is generally supposed here
that the invasion has begun on the
southern side of Serbia as well as on
the north, and that in all probability
these forces are supported by some
citizens of Vienna have received , 250,000 Turks, who are not required
warning that all brass domestic uten-
sils will be sequestered on November
30, when houses will be searched with
the object of ascertaining whether the
present requisitions for such utensils
are being evaded.
LUXEMBURG PROTESTS
BECAUSE OF AIR RAID
turkeys, 22 to 24c. " -� , CO' good demand and sales were made
Cheese -Large, 14% to 15c; twins, at $6.50 to $6.75, while fair sold at
15 to 151/ii.c. $6 -to $6.25 and the lower grades at
Potatoes -The market is firm, with from $4.50 to $5.50 per cwt. There
car lots quoted at 95c to $1 per bag, was an active demand from packers
for canning stock, with sales of bulls
at $3.75 to $4 and cows at $3 to
Provisions. $3.50 per cwt. Lambs -Ontario
Bacon -Long clear, 14 to 141/�c stock, $8 to $8.25, and Quebec at
Per lb. in case lots. Hams -Medium, $7.25 to $7.75; sheep, $4.50 to $5.50
183 to 19c; do., heavy, 14% to 15c; per cwt. Calves from $3 to $13 each,
rolls, 15 to 15%c; breakfast bacon, as to size and condition. Hogs, select -
20 to 23e; backs, plain, 23 to 24c; ed lots, $9.90 to $10 per cwt., weigh -
boneless backs, 25 to 251/2c. ed off cars, and the rough heavy lots
Lard -Tubs, 113 to 12c; do., pails,
12 to 121/4c. compound, tubs, 9% to
10e; do., pails, 11%c.
A despatch from London says: The
Grand Duchy of Luxemburg, accord-
ing to Amsterdam advices, has pro-
tested to the Entente powers against
air raids over that country aimed at
the German headquarters,
at the Dardanelles.
MACHINE GUN CORPS
IN THE BRITISH ARMY
A despatch from London says:
British military authorities have re-
cognized the importance of machine
guns, which have been such a strik2
ing feature of German warfare, by
the fdrmation of a special machine
gun corps with the King's sanction.
Announcement of the step is made in
the Official Gazette.
Canada already has organized a
machine gun battalion -the 86th of
Hamilton,
TUSKS STEADILY DRIVEN BACKWARD
Average Gain of 30o Yards Recorded as Result of
Bomb Attacks by British at Sulva.
A despatch from London says:
During the past month of fighting in
the Dardanelles the British have gain-
ed on an average, something more
than 300 yards all along the centre
of the four -mile Suvla' front, accord-
ing to an official 'statement embodied
in a report from Gen, Sir Ian Hainil-
ton, as follows.
Business in Montreal.
Montreal, Oct. 12. -Corn, American
No. 2 yellow, 75c. Oats • No.
2 local
white, 441/2c to 45c; No. 3 local white,
43% to 44c; No. 4 local white, 421/2
to 43c. Flour, Man. Spring wheat pat-
ents, firsts, $5.85; seconds, $5.35;
strong bakers', $5.15: Winter pat-
ents, choice, $5.40; straight rollers,
$4.70 to $4.80; straight rollers, bags,
$2.20 to $2.30. Rolled oats, barrels,
$4.85 to $4.95; bags, 90 lbs., $2.25 to
$2.30. Bran, $23. Shorts, $25. Mid-
dlings, $30 to $31. Mouillie, $30 to
$33. Hay, No. 2, per ton, car lots,
$17 to $18. Cheese, finest westerns,
142/9, to 14%c; finest easterns, 14%
to 141/4c. Butter, choicest creamery,
321/4 to 321/2c; seconds, 311/2 to 31'4c.
Eggs, fresh, 33c; selected, 32c; No.
1 stock, 28e; No. 2 stock, 25c. Pota-
toes, per bag, car lots, 75c. Dressed
hogs, abattoir killed, $14 to $14.25.
Pork, heavy Canada short mess, bbls.,
35 to 45 pieces, $28 to $28.50; Canada
short cut hack, bbls., 45 Oto 55 pieces,
$27 to $27.50. Lard, compound,
tierces, 375 lbs., 100; wood pails, 20
lbs. net, 101,c; pure, tierces, 375 lbs.,
].1 /2 to 12c; pure, wood pails, 20 lbs.
net, 121/4 to 13c.
'United States Markets.
Minneapolis, Oct, 12. -Wheat, No.
1 hard, $1.10%; No. 1 Northern,
$1.05% to $1.09%; No. 2 Northern,
$1.01% to $1..061; December,
$1,031/4; May, $1.07. Corn -No. 3
yellow, 62 to 63c, Oats ---No. 3 white,
33% to 34%c. Flour advanced; fancy
patents, $6.20; first clears, $4.85;
from that down to $8.75.
MANY TYPES OF BOMBS.
Handling of "Cricket Bali" Explosive
Requires Cool Head.
The various kinds of bombs now
being used in France and Flanders
are described by an English officer in.
a latter from the front. There are,
he says, four main types -the "hair-
brush," the "cricket ball," the "police-
man's club" and the "jam -tin." Bomb
throwers are alluded to in trench
slang as "anarchists."
"The hairbrush," explains the wri-
ter, "is very like the ordinary hair-
brush, except that the bristles are re-
placed by a solid block of high explo-
sive. The policeman's truncheon has
gay streamers of tape tied to its tail
to insure that it falls to the ground
nose downward. Both these 'bombs
explode on impact, and it is inadvis-
able to knock them against anything
-say the back of the trench -when
throwing them.
"The cricket ball works by a time
Rise. The removal of a certain pin
releases a spring which lights an in-
ternal fuse timed: to explode the bomb
in five seconds. You take the bomb
in your right hand, remove the pin,
and cast the thing madly from you.
The jam -tin variety appeals more par-
ticularly to the sportsman, as the ele-
ment of chance enters largely ,into its
successful use. It is timed to explode
about 10 seconds after the lighting of
the fuse. It is, therefore, unwise to
throw it too soon, as there would be
"During the past month the fight- second clears, $3. Bran -$19, ample tune for our opponent to pick
ing at Suvla Bay has not been on a Duhith, Oct, 12. -Wheat, No. 1 p Y PP
scale calling for special reports. hard, $1.07; No. 1 Northern, $1.06; it up and throw it back, On the other
Ifo. 2 orthrern, $1'..06; Montana No. hand, itis unwise to hold on too long,
F,very night there have been patrol 2' hard, $1.061/2 ; December, $1.021/ ; as the fuse is uncertain in its action,
actione and bomb attacks, acid we . 1.05,. Linseed cash. $1.87
may, $ , , , and is given to short cuts.
o f a little over 300 .791 May, 1,83:
gained an averageo December, $1. /z , y, $ g,
n...: the whole centre of the New Oct, f. -Flour unsettled;
yards along r Gold weighs nearly twenty times as
four -toile Silvia front." rve flour firm; fair to good, $5.25 to much as its own brill of water.
$5,40; choice to fancy, $5.45 to $5,60,
ALLIED TROOPS
LAND IN GREECE
They Proceed to Frontier Without
Regard to the Cabinet
Crisis.
A despatch from London says:
Greece is to have a coalition Govern-
ment. After virtually dismissing the
foremost Greek statesman, Eleuther
ics Venizelos, from the Premiership,
and asserted personal control of the
Government, King_ Constantine, bro-
ther-in-law of the German Emperor,
sent for a former Premier, M. Zaimis,
who has consented to form a coalition
Government. M. Venizelos will not be
included as a member.
The possibility that Greece' may
try to remain neutral, fearing to
stake the nation's fate upon the suc-
cess of either party to the great war,
is recognized in England, although it
is considered small. The hopes of
the Entente powers are that popular
sentiment is with them, and that the
King may find it best to bow before
the will of the people, as he has done
before.
Landing Proceeds.
The landing of French troops at
Salonica and their prompt despatch
no"f'tHward across Greek territory to
the Serbian frontier will proceed
without, regard to the Cabinet crisis
at Athens.
The downfall of the Venizelos
Cabinet is considered here as relating
to formalities, rather than to deter-
mined opposition to the landing of
French troops.
Statements evidently based on offi-
cial information relate that King
Constantine received the French Min-
ister at Athens after the landing of
French troops had begun, and made
no mention of the incident or sug-
gestion of a protest. It is therefore
said here that the King has not taken
a stand against the landing, but
merely differs with M. Venizelos in
regard to the fixed policy of Greece
in supporting the Quadruple Entente.
Try With. All Their Might and Main
to Regain the Ground They
host.
A despatch from Paris says; The Field Cooking Is Hard Work,.
Which Only Trained Men
Are Suited.
Throughout the whole twelve
HOW THE KHAKI -CLAD "CHEFS"
CARRY OUT THEIR WORK.
Germans are continuing to try with
ail their might and means to regain
the ground they lost to the French in
the recent allied offensive. So far
their efforts have been entirely un-
successful, the French War Office months of the European War which
asserts in an official communique, have passed,snoay thatBi he soldiernt has
adding that the Teutons suffered en able to Answers.
heavy losses in. the failure of their saysIt Lois a nbAld statement, but At is
counter-attacks. true,save in the case of stragglers or
Four. successive counter-attacks
near Souchez were completely repuls- small parties of men who were cut off
ed, the War Office declares, while in from their regiments. Even in these -
the Champagne, too, "stubborn coun-
ter-attacks" against the positions lost
by the Germans recently failed.
for
cases they usually had their "iron
rations."
The "iron ration" consists of 12oz.
Equally as futile was an attempt on of biscuit, lib. of preserved meat, loz.
t where the French of me1£t extract, 3oz. of cheese, and ,
the Lorraine front, , to
tea and sugar. • The "iron ration,"
allowed the Germans to advanceho ever, is strictly reserved,to be
W , Y
used only in emergency, and may not
be touched except by the orders of
an officer,
"pixies" Vary in Size.
On active service rations are pre-
pared in camp kettles, known in Army
parlance as "dixies." These kettles
vary in, size, and their cooking capa-
city is: smallest for eight men, largest
for fifteen men. One camp kettle is
allowed to every three officers.'
Another method of cooking, while
the troops are on the move, is by
which is their objective. St. Marie, means of "galloping cookers." These
to which the Germans say the French are ovens mounted on wheels and
penetrated, but were driven out by drawn by two horses. Beside the
their wire entanglements and then
showered a rain of shells upon them.
The communique tells of the destruc-
tion of a German captive balloon by
shrapnel fire from a mitrailleuse in a
French aeroplane.
The Germans admit that the French
have made slight progress, but on the
whole, claim to have repulsed the al-
lied general offensive.
The towns mentioned in the two of-
ficial communications show that the
French have approached very close to
the Challerange-Bazancourt railway,
immediate counter-attacks, is on that
railway.
The capture of the hamlet of Ta-
hure and the hill immediately north
oven is a platform on which the cooks 1'
stand.
The method of cooking food in
"dixies" in interesting. First a nar-
called Butte of Tahure is a consider- row, shallow trench is dug, and filled
able mark of resumption of the with fuel. On either side of this
French offensive in Champagne, and trench are ranged a line of "dixies,"
has, besides, great significance with surmounted by a third row, which fills
regard to the position in the West.. in the space between the two rows on
The capture of Tahure, the farthest the ground. When the "dixies" are
northtward thrust of the French in arranged the fuel is lit> and the food
Champagne, threatens the Germans rapidly cooked.
on both sides. Troops in training at home are
either under canvas, in huts, or billet-
ed. Soldiers in camp or huts have,
their food prepared in field kitchens.
In some cases special ovens are is-
sued, but as a general rule the cooks
construct their own in which case
the oven is set and: encased in wet
elay, which rapidly hardens..
SERBIANS BRING DOWN -
GERMAN AEROPLANE
A despatch from Nish, Serbia, says:
Seven aeroplanes flew over Kraguye-
vatz recently and dropped 30 bombs.
Sharp -shooters of the Prince Regent's
Guard hit one of the aircraft, which
fell directly in front of the palace.
As it fell the fuel tank exploded and
the machine and both of its occupants,
who 'were German officers, were burn-
ed. Kraguyevatz is some 50 miles
south-east of Belgrade. It is a town
of 15,000 inhabitants and has an
arsenal, a powder mill and factories
for the making of arms and ammuni-
tion.
40
The Inventor of Shrapnel.
It is interesting to recall just now
(says The Westminster Gazette) the;t
the inventor of shrapnel -Lieutenant -
General Henry Shrapnel - gained
much of his military experience in
Flanders. He served with the Duke
of York's army there, and shortly af-
ter the siege of Dunkirk invented the
Tommy Has a Hay Box.
Old "soldiers know all the tricks of
the trade. For instance, it frequent-
ly happens on actikre service that fuel
is hard to obtain -indeed, fuel is far
more likely to give out than food.
When this happens the soldier partly
cooks his meat, then, when the kettle
is boiling, he pops it into a box, pack-
ing it round with hay or straw, and
the pot goes on stewing for hours.
The system of cooking for soldiers
in billets is naturally different from
that restorted to at other times. When
soldiers are billeted the meat is issued
raw and in bulk from the regimental
quartermaster's .4tores . to company
quartermaster -sergeants. The store -
men then cut the meat up, and issue
it to the men, who take it to their
billets, where they cook it -or, as
more often happens, get it cooked for
them by their landladies.
It has been said that women would
case shot, "a destructive engine of be far more usefully employed than
war used by the Royal Artillery, and men as Army cooks, but that is ridicu-
known by the name of Shrapnel
Shell." So runs the inscription on a
large slab at the floor of the chancel
in Bradford-on-Avon Church, Wilt-
shire, where the General was buried.
The inventor's reward was a pension
of £1200 per annum. The Shrapnels
were for three generations cloth
weavers at Bradford-on-Avon.
s.
Less Than 240 Warless Years.
From the Christian era till the pre-
sent time, as statists and historians
tell us,there have been fewer than
240 warless years. Up to the middle of
the nineteenth century it was rough-
ly computed that nearly 7,000,000,000
men had died in battle since the be-
ginning of recorded history, a num-
ber equal to almost five times the pre-
sent population of the globe.
TRENCHES TO ENCIRCLE ALL OF POLAND
Germans Will Force -Every Male Inhabitant t
o
Combat Russian. Attack
A despatch from London says: In
a despatch from Petrograd Reuter's
eorrespondent says: "Polish refugees
arriving here say that German offi-
cials declare that Poland will be sur-
rounded by a triple line of trenches
and barbed wire entanglements and
that the Russians will be quite un-
able to dislodge them, for if there is
a shortage of men they will arm the
entire masculine population of P6 -
land, and force thein to fight the Rus-
sians."
TURKS RUSHED TO B ULC.RIA
DEFEND THEPORT
TO OF VARNA
Believed That Russia
Contemplates
of Large Forces at Once
A despatch from London says: A
news agency despatch from Ather rs
mere that Turkish forces have started
for Bulgaria, and are moving toward
•
the
Landing
Varna, on the Black Sea, to assist in
preventing a landing of Russians at
that port, `1'he despatch adds that
lous. In the first place, women would
never bear the strain of field cooking,
which often necessitates standing for
hours in the mud and the rain. Nor
have they the strength and hardihood
needed to quarter and cut up a car-
cass.
Each sergeant -cook is properly
qualified at a school' of instruction,
as well as ascertain proportion of his
assistants. To qualify at there
courses of instruction is by no means
a simple matter.
One of the most amazing features
of this most amazing war has been
1 the marvellous efficiency of our Com-
missariat and Supply Service, and the
excellent way in which meals have
been prepared under the most adverse
circumstances. '
An officer who was wounded early
in the war stated, when writing home
from hospital, that the thing which
most heartened the men to endure the
terrible rigors of the retreat from
Mons was that a cup of hot soup
could be obtained at almost any time,
and that a plate of "pontoon," as
Tommy calls his stew, would be ready
at the end of the long clay's march.
Paying Our Debts.
Any man malting a pretence at bo-
ing honest will try to pay for what
he gets. But having admitted the
'justness of the claim that he do so
he may be surprised at the wideness
of the application of the principle that
lies at the back of it, The eagh pays
for what it gets -the rain arida-the
sunshine, and the breezes of heaven -'-
with fruitfulness, waving grain, buds
and blossoms and fruits, and the smil-
ing green of fields. it is not a mere
sponge, receiving alwaysand never
responding to the giver. It gives
back everything, with an added some.
thing of its own. The earth is honest,.
generously honest. And a' man ought
not to be any less so. He is getting
every day and ,hour and moment of
his life,getting from all side
g' g" and in
all possible ways.
Ornamental handkerchiefs used
Bulgaria has asked Turkey for more frequently to be worn in the hat by
troops,
gentlemen as tokens: