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Exeter Times, 1897-7-8, Page 7NOTES AND COMMENTS :When the Getman civil code was un- der discussion in the Reicbstag last year the impe,rial chancellor, Prince von Rohmlobe, prevented the embodiment Ln it of a clause granting freedom of oombiriation and meeting to 1301itiCal so- cieties, only by promising the early in- troduction of special legislation to the same end. The pxoxrdse has now been oominally fulfilled by the introduction into the Peussian Chamber of a bill for the amendment of the old law of as,sce ciations, but will& is really so reac- tionary and so deetructive of popular rights that it is evident the chancel- lor would not have presented it save at the direct ooramend of the emper- or. Under pretext of regulating pub- lic xneetings, it places all public meet- ings and all societies and assooiations absolutely under police control, and Mathes liable to fine dr impresonnaent for a, period not exceeding six month any person who doe is not at once quit a meeting condemned by the police. The attendance of minors upon suoltaneet- Inge is prohibited at any time, and to pay subeariptions to or to rent any pre- mises for the use of a society atter it is declared to be dissolved, is made a penal offence. As political meetings in prieseie are always attended by a po- liceman who sits on the platform, an efficereeowever unintelligent, who finds anything in the proceedings which he may fancy to be detrimental to order, morals or the government, or imagines that te sees a minor in the audience, has under the bill absolute power to dissolve the meeting. Indeed, so far apes it go in the suppeession of free - dont of dizeuission, and of meeting that itame provieions of the Prussian con- stitution are actually nullified, and that educa,tional societies and sooial selulas might be broken up under its au- thority. • In the ceetabaty that so reactionary • measulte wcield be defeated in the Reichstag, the government introduced it into the Prussian Diet, where its Canservative eupporters have nearly half the seats, in the belief that if it biennia law in Prussia, pressure from Berlin would in te end secure its adop- tion hi the other states. But the Hsieh- atag, alive to the danger, and unwilling to take any risks, took the matter into its own hands, and by the passage of an emergency bill providing that Ger- man political associations shall be ab- solutely free and that all state laws to the contrary shall be repealed, dealt it a body blow. The frankness shown in the two daysdebate, moreover, ex- ceeded amythir e yet known in that 'body, Herr Richter declaring that the empire had no native dynasty, but on- ly an ittipeeial dignity) no older than the Reichstag itself, and that the em- peror had in tea years weakened the menarohical sentiment among the Ger- mans to an incandible extent. Neatly as radical was the action of the Prus- sian Diet, which not only so amend- ed the bill as largely to deprive it of value, hut rejected propositions to make it applicable only to Social Democrats, and Anarchists, •and to allow the po- lice to prohibit meetings what might be expected to endanger the seourity of the state or of public order. Never be- fore has the emperor had sueh a re- buff at the hands of the legislatures, and the openly expressed delight of the people at his defeat, and detestation of the irresponsible coterie which in- fluences him. Shows how shaky his per- sonal authority is becoming. TAKE TIM_E. Let us take time for the good-bye kiss. We shall go to the day's -work with a sweeter spirit for it. Let us take time for the evening prayer. Our sleep WUI be more rest- ful if we have claimed the guardian- ship of God. Let us take time to speak, sweet, foolish words te those we love. By and by, when they can no longer hear is, our foolishness will seem more wise than our best wisdom. Let us -take time to hear the word A God. Its treasures will last when we shall have ceased to care for the war of political parties, and rise and fall of stocks, or the petty happenings •of. the day. •Let us take time to be pleasant. The small courtesies which we often omit because they are small, will some day look larger to us than the wealth which we have coveted, or the fame for which we have struggled. Let us take time to get acquainted with our families. The wealth you are accumulating, burdened father, may be doubtful blessing to the son who is a stranger to you. Your beautifully kept house, busy mother, can never be a home to your daughter, whom you have no time, to caress. Let us take time to know God, The hour is coming swiftly, for us all, when one touch of His hand in the darkness will raean more than all is written in the day -book and ledger, or in the re- cord of our little social world Since we rouse all take time to die, why should we not take time to live —to live in the large sense of a life I egun here for eternity. • A? FINE BUSINESS. ' N1r. Gothera--Aincj so, my son, you ;eve been vernsuccessful in the West. Enterprising Son --Yes, indeed fath- er. I've 'betorme a city founder. A wee t ? found a ciity; you know. Fine pay - in ineiness. I can tell you. Look at thus map of Golden Itod Oity. Look t the parks, rend boulevards, and cor- ners for publie buildings, and the big spaces for factories. I sold 1,600 lots in Calcium Rod City lest month—just think of that 'V My 1 my 1 'Where is it located.' Well,. the fa -t ts, it aio't located any- where eet ; but that'll be all fixed after we, sell a few emitted lots more. You tee, there tsn't stny use, laking for a lettenet until we hoes money enough to pay Tot the is L ota know. - ILLUSTRATING - THE ATONEMENT, DR. TALMAGEULORIE$ IN THIS RE- LIGION OF BLOOM He Expiates the Theory of Vicarious )erl Gee — The Blood of Christ —Casa of - Substitution — Lire Tor Elie — Suffering For Others a !Frequent Occurrence. Rev. Dr. Talmage on Sunday preaoh- ed from the text Hebrews be 22, "With- out shedding of blood is no remission." John G. Whittier, the last of the great school of American poets that made the last quarter of a century brilliant, ask- ed me in the White Mountains, one morning after prayers, in which Thad given out Cowper's famous hymn about the hfountain filled with blood," "Do you really believe there is a literal ap- plication of the blood of Christ to the soul?" My negative reply then is my negative reply now. The Bible state- ment agrees with all physicians and all physiologists, and all scientists, in say- ing that the blood is the life, and in the Christian religion it means simply that Christ's life was given for oue life. Hence all this talk of men who say the Bible story of blood is disgusting and that they don't want what they call a "slaughter house religion," only shows their le.capacity or unwillingness to look through the figure of speech to- ward the thing signified. The blood that, on the darkest Friday the world ever saw, oozed or trisected or poured from the brow, and the side and the hands, and the feet of the illustrious sufferer, back of Jerusalem, in a few hours coag- ulated and dried up and forever disap- peared, and if ntan had depended ou the application of the liteeal blood of Cbrist there would not have been a soul saved foe the late 18 centuries. In order to understand this red word of iny text we only have to exercise as much common-sense in religion as *we do in everything else. Pang for pang, hunger for hunger, fatigue for fatigue, teax for tear, blood for blood, life for life, we see every day illustrated. The act of substitution is no novelty, al- though I hear men talk as though the idea of Christ's suffering substituted for our sufferieg were something ab- normal, something odd, something wide- ly eccentric, a solitary episode in the world's history, when I could take you out into this city, and before sundown point you to 500 cases of substitution and voluntary suffering of one in be- half of another. At 2 o'clock to -morrow' afternoon go among the places of business ox. toil. It will be no difficult thing for you to find men who, by their looks, show you that they are overwlerked. They are prema- turely old. They are hastening rapidly toward .their decease. They have gone through crises in business that shatter- ed theitr nervous system and pulled on the brain. They have a shortness of breath and a pain in the back of the head and at night an insomnia that alarms them. Why are they drudging at business early and late? For fun? No; it would be difficult to exact any amusement out of that exhaustion. Be- ea,use they are avaricious? In many cases no. Because their ovrn personal expenses are lavish.? Me; a few hun- dred dollars would meet all their wants. The simple ft is the man is endur- ing all that fatigue and exasneraticen and wear and tear to keep his home prosperousThere Is an nvisible line reaching from that store, from that bank, from that shop, from that scaf- folding, to a quiet scene a few blocks away and there is the secret of that business endue -tin -e. He is simply the Champion of a homestead, for which he wins bread and wardrobe and educa- tion, and prosperity, and in such battle t0,000 .meine1a.11. CV ten business men whom I bury nine die of overwork for others. Some sudden diseases finds them with no power of resistance and they ere gone. Life for life, blood for blood, Eubstitutionl .A.t 1 o'clock to -morrow morning, the hour when slumber is most uninterrupt- ed and most peofound, walk amid the dwelling blouses of the city. Here and there you will find a dim light because it is th.e household custom to keep a, subdued hgbt burning, but most of bis houses from base to top are as dark as though uninhabited. A inereciful God has sent forth the archangel of sleep, and he puts his wings over the city! But yonder is e deer light burning, and out side on the window casement is a glass or pitcher containing food for a sick chile.. The food i's set in the fresh air. This is the sixth night that mother has sat ups with the sufferer. She has to the last point obeyed the physician's preseripteen, not giving a drop too much or too little, or a moment too, soon too late. She is very anxioue, for she has buried three children with the same d:sease, and she prays and weeps, eaell prayer and sob ending with a kiss of the pale cheek. By dint of kindness she gets the little one through the. ordeal. After it is all over the im,otheris taken down. Brain or nervous fever sets in, and one clay she leaves the convalescent child with a raothietes blessing and goes up to join the three in the ktngdotra of heaven, Life for life. Substitution 1 The fact is that there is an. uncounted nutmber of monism's who, after they have nav- igebea a large femily of children throughall the diseases of infancy and gat them fairly started. up the flower - leg slope of boyhood and girlhod, have only strengthenough left to die. They fade away. Some call it consumption, some call it nervous prostration, some call it intermittent or malarial indis- position, but 1 call it martyrdom of the domestic elects. Life of life. Blood for blood. Substitution, ! , Or perhaps the mother lingers long I enough to Bee a son get on the wrong road, and his former kindness becomes ! roogh reply when she expresses anxiety about hem. But she goes right on, look- ing carefully atter his apparel, remem- bering his every birthday with some me- mento, and when he is brought horae, worn out with dissipation, nurses him till he gets well, and starts him again rind hopes and expects end pxays and touneels and suffers until her strength , gives out and she falls, She is going, and attendants bend over ber pillow and ask her if she has any message to leave and she makes great effete to say something but out of three or four min - THE EXETER tiles of indistinct ut,tegarree they eat catch but three words, "Mypoor boy!" The simple fact is she died for him. Life for life. Substitution Fe • About 36 years ago there went forth from our northern and southern henaes hundreds of thousands of men to do battle for their country. All the jetoe- tay of war soon vanished and left them nothing but the terrible prose. Thee waded knee-deep in mud ; they slept in snow -banks; they marched, till their cue feet tracked the earth; they were swindled out of their honest rations and lived on meat not fit for a dog; they had jaws all fractured and eyes extinguished. and limbs shot away. Tihouands of them caged for water as they lay dying on the field the night after the battle and got it not. They were homesick, and. received no mes- sage from their loved ones. Tihey died in, barns, in bashes in ditches the buzzards of the summer heat the only attendants on their Obsequies. No one but the infinite God who knows every- thing, knows the ten -thousandth pert of the length and breadth and depth and. height of the anguish of the north- ern and. southern battlefields. Why did these fathers leave their children and go to the front end win' did these young men, postponing the marriage day, start out into the probabilities of never corning back/ For the coun- try they died. Life for life. Blood for blood. Substitution' But we need not go so far. What la that monument in Greenwood? It is to the doetors who fell in the southern elndeanies. Why go? Were there not enough sick to be attended in these northern latitudes? Oh, yes ! But the doctor puts a few medical books it, his valise tied some. vials of medicine and leaves his patients hese 'in the hands of other pihysioians and takes the rail train. Before he gets to the infected region he peaces crowded rail trains, regular and extra, taking the dying and affrighbed populations. He eremites in a city over wide& a great horror is brooding. He goes from cowl, to couch, feeling of the pulse and stydying symptoms and prestrib- ing day after day, night after night, until a fellow physician says: "Doctor, you bud better go home and rest. You look miserable," But he cannot rest while so many ere suffering. On and on until some morning finds him in a delirium in which he teaks of home, and then rises and seys he raust go and look after those patients. He is told to he down, but he fights his attendants until hc falis bach and. is weaker, and dies for people with whom he had no kinship, end far away from his own family, and is hastily ttet away in astrenger's torele and only the fifth part. of a newspaper line tells us of his sacrifice, his name just mentioned among Jive. Yet he has touched the farthest heigbt of sublimity in that three weeks of humanitarian service. He goes straight as an arrow to the bosom of Him wbo said: "I was siek and ye visited me." Life for life. Blood for blood. Sulbstitutionl In the realm of the fine arts there was as remarkable an instance. A. bril- liant and hyPeroriticiz,ed painter, Jo- seph William Turner, was met by a volley of abuse Peva ell the ert gal- leries of Europe. His paintings,whieh have tante won the applaruse of all the civilized nations--"Tbe Fifth Plague of Egypt," "Fishermen on a Lee Shore in Squally Weather," "Calais Pier," "The Sun Rising Through Mist," and "Dido Building Chrthage"--were then targets for pritics to shloot at. In de- fense of this outrageously abused man, a young author of 24 yearrs, just one year out of renege, came forth with his Inn and. wrote the ablest and most famous essays on art that the world, ever saw, or ever will see—John Rus - kin's "Modern Painters." For years this author fought the battles of the maltreated artist, and after, in pov- erty and brokenheartedness, the paint- er haddied, and the public tried tb undo their cruelties toward him by giv- ing him a big funerel and. burial in St. Paul's Cathedral, his old friend took out of a. tin box 19 000 pieces of paper containing drawings by the old painter, and through m.any weary and. uncoropeneated months assorted and arranged. them for public observation. People say John Ruskin in his old days is prose, misanthaopic, and morbid. Whatever he may do that he ought not to do, and whatever he may say that he ought not to say between now and, his death, he will leave this world in- solvent as fate as it has any capacity to pay this author's pen fee its chival- ric and Christiondefense of a poen painter's peirmie Johe Ruskin for William Turner. Blood, for blood. Sub- stitution! All good men have ibr centuries been trying to tell who this substitute was like, and. every comparison, inspired, evangelistic, prophetic, apostolic, and buman, tails short, for Christ was the Great Unlike. Adam a type of Christ bemuse he came directly from God, Noah a type of Christ bemuse he de- livered. hie owe family from the de- luge, Melchisedec a. type of Christ be- cause he had a predecessor or successor, Joseph a type of Christ because he was oast out by his brethren. Moses e type of Christ bemuse he was a deliverer from bondage. Semeon a type of Christ because of his strength to slay the lions and carry off the iron gates of impossibility, Stolonion a type of Christ in the influence of his dominion, Jonah a type of Christ because of the stormy sea in whitch he threw .himself Lor the resew of 'others, but put to- gether Adam and Noah and Meichise- deo and Joseph and Moses and Joshua and. Samson and Solomon and Jonah, and they would not make a fragment of a Christ, the hale of a Christ, or the millionth tent of a Christ. He forsook a throne and sat down on His 01V11 footstool. He Cia.t010 from the top of glory to the bottom of humilia- tion and changed a circumference sera- phic or a circu.niference diabolic. Otnte , waned on by angels, now hissed at by 1 brigends, From afar and high up he came down; past meteors swifter than I they; by starry thrones, Himself more 1 lustrous; past larger words to smaller ' worlds; down stairs oC fragments, and from cloud to cloud, end through tree tops and into the camel's stall, to thrust His shoulders under our burdens and take the lances of pain through His vie tals, and wrepped Hitmself in all the agonies Which we Melee for our misdo- ings, and stood on the splitting decks of a fouraderina,g vessel arcaid the drenching etul of the sea, and. passed midnights an the mountains amid wild beasts of prey, and stood at the poitnt where all earthly and iinfernal hostilities charged on 'Moat once witb their keen sabers— our substitute! When did attorney ever endure so much for a pauper client, or physician for the patient in the lazaretto, or mo- ther for the oiled in membranous weep, as Christ for us, as Christ for you, as Cihrsit for me? Shall any man or woman or child in this audience who lees ever suffered for aeother find it breed. to understand this Christly suf- fering for us? Beall those 'whose syme pathies have been welling in behalf of the urnfoxtumate have no appreciation of that one moment wiatioh was liftea out of all the age .s of eternity as most conspicuous when Chalet gathered up TIMES all the sine of theee to be redeemed under His one arm and all His sorrows ender His other arm and said: "I will atone for those under My right arra and will heal all those under My left arm. Strike Me With all tile glitter- ing ehafts. 0 eternal justice! Roll over Mie 'Nab all thy surges, ye omens of sorrow!" And the thunderbolts struck Him from above, and the seas of trouble rolled up from 'beneath hurricane after hurricane, and cyclone after cyclone, end then there in presence of heaven and earth and hell—yea, all worlds wile nessiaig—the price, the bitter price, the glorious price was paid ,that sets us tirraeenprice, .scendant the awful price, thea tMt is what Paul mews, that is what X mean, that is wbat all those who have ever bad tbeir heart changed mean by "blood." I glory in this religion of blood. I am thrilled as I see the sug- gestive color le saorumental cup, whe- ther it be of burnished silver set on cloth immaculately white, om rough hewn from wood set on table in log but, meetimg house of the wilderness. Now I am thrilled as I see the altars of an- oient sacrifice crimson with the blood of the stale lam,b, and Leviticus is to nee not so m,uoh the Old. Testament as the New. Now I see why the destroy- ing angel, passing over Egypt in the night, spared all those houses that bad blood spriokled on their doorposts. Now I kto terwhat Isaiah means when he speaks of "cine in red apparel com- ing with dyed garments from Bosrah," Now I know whet Isaiah means whert it describes a heavenly chieftain whose "vesture was dipped it blood," and what Peter, the Apostle meama when he speaks of the "preeious blood that cleansete from all sin," and wbat the DLL worn out, decrepit missionary Paul means when in my text, he cries, "Without shedding of blood is no re- mission." tey that blood, you and I will be saved or never at all. Glory be to God that the bills back of Jer- usalem was the battlefield on which Christ achieved our liberty! The most exciting and overpowering day of our isueener was the day I spent on tee, battlefieldext Waterloo. Starting ou,t with the, morning train from Brus- sels, we arrived in about an hour on that famous spot. A1 son of one who was in the battle, and who bad heard from his father a thousand times the scene re- cited, accompanied us over the field. There stood. the old laugomont chateau, the, -walls dented and et:retched and broken and ehattered by grapeshot and cannon ball. There is the well in which 300 deoxig and dead were pitched. ahere is the chapel with the head of the infant Christ shot off. There are the gates at witch for many hours English and Feench armies wrestled. Yonder were the 160 gums of the English and the 240 Seine of the French. 'Yonder the Hanoverian hussars fled for the woods, Yonder was the ravine of Obain, where the French cavalry, not knowing there was a hollow in the grouind, rolled over a,nd down, troop aftertroop, tuenblino; into orrie. ewfue mass of suffering, hoof of kicking horses against brow and1 breast of captains and colonels and rivate soldiers, the human and the astly groan kept up until, the day ' after, all was shoveled, under bemuse 1 raofontthhma,f e oohodurtosr. arising in that bot "There," said out guide, "the High -1 land regiments lay down on their faces westing for the moment to spring upon the foe. In that orchard 2500 'nen were cot to pieces. Here stool Wellington with white lips, aad Op that noll rode Marshall Ney on his sixth horse, five haviog been shot under him. Here he ranks of the ',tenth broke an Maxshall Nay, with his boot slashed off by a sword, and his hat off, and his face covered. with powder and blood, tried to rally his troops as he cried. 'Come and see how a marshal of France dies on the battlefield l' From yonder direction Grouchy was expected for the French re -enforcement, but be came not. Aanu.nd those woods•Blucher was looked for to reinforee the English, and just in time he came up. Yonder is the field where Napoleon stood, his arms through- thereline of the horse's bridle, dazed and insane, trying to got , back." Scene from, a battle that went , on frobn 25 minutes to 12 o'clock, on the 18th of Seen until 4 o'clock, when, the, English seemed defeated, and their commander cried eutt: "Boys, can you think of giving way? Remember old England!' and the tide turned, and , at 8 o'clook ire the, evening the etan of s destoiny, who was called by his troops Old Two Hundred Thousand, turned away with broken heart, and the fate ot centuries was decided. No *wohder a great 'mound has been raised, there, hundreds of feet high—a. moueci at the, expense of millions of dol- lars end many years rising—and on the top is the great Belehte lion of bronze and a grand ale lion it is, but our great Waterloo was in Palestine. There came a day when all hell rode up, led by .A.pol- I lyon, and the captain of our salvation confronted them alone. The rider on the white horse of the Apocalypse going 1 out against the black horse cavalry of ; death; and the battalionst of the dem- mine, and the, myrmidons of darkness.' From 12 oelock at noon to 3 o'clock in 1 the afternoon the greatest battle of the universe went on. Eternal destinies were being devided. All the arrows of hell pierced our chieftain, and the bat- tle-axes struck Him, until brow and cheek a.nd shoulder and hand and foot were iecarnadined with oozing Life, but Be fought on. until He gave a final stroke, and the commander in chief of hell and all his foroes fell back in ever- lasting ruin, and the victory is ours. Arnd on the mound that celebrates the triumph we plant this day two figures not in bronze or iron or sculptured raerble, but two figures of living light, the lion of Judah's tribe, and the lamb, that was slain. THE TRAIN DISPATCHER, INTO HIS HANDS ARE GIVEN THE MOST IMPORTANT DUTIES. ire Directs and Controls the Movements of All Treble — A illstake !Bade by Ilim Might Have Horrifying iteoulia -- Great Strafe ma the Con8tltut1o6. The train dispatcher is an important functionary of a %ilinach Everybody knows all aboet the conductor and the engineer, of whcen so mulch has been written, and. who are supposed to be' tbe Ones Le • whites hands they trust their tives when they enter a rail- way coach. But the trait dispatcher is leeldora heard of unless he raakes a mis- take in his orders to trains, ana has a oellision resulting in the death of several passengers. Hie is a. modest fel- low, and ,doe,s not court notoriety through that channeL All train dis- patchers are necessarily telegraph oper- ators, and the position is filled from the ranks of the tsperators on the lime as their capabilities for increased responsibilities Indicate their fitness for a eoeition in the diepaltobees office where they will "copy" train orders as sent orti the were bly the train dispat- cher, and Underscore each word in the order as it is repeated back by the operators at steams where trains ad- dressed recetve tlie order. After the operator has filled this position four Or five years and demonstrates that be has abilite and coolness and nerve to meet all emergencies and acts promp- tly in ease of accidents, tee is promoted to the position of "extra" dispatcher and. works it tbe, absence of the re - gulag despatchers until a vacancy m- emos in tee force, wheu he is appointed to the reguilair shelf. THE WORKING HOURS of tha dispatchers are divided into "tricks" of eight hours, the first "trick" being from 8 a.m. until 4p.m. That the dispatcher may know where each train on his division is every moment of the tbne he is oh duty be has before him a chart tattled a, "train sheet," whkh is eboot four feet long and. eighteen itches wide, Upon which, in the center, are printed the stations of the division. The list of stations on tbse train sheet is the dividing line for trains in opposite directions; that is, the. west bound, trains are kept on the right hand, and the east bousnd trains on the left band side of the sheet, and as many perpendicular lines are ruled On either side of the sheet as are re- quired to provide space for every train or light magine reaming over the division. No train can leave a terminal of the division without first reporting to the dispatcher for orders and when a. train is to bet started the operator at the termitiel calls the dispatcher and. says: "No. 47, engine 575, Engineer Smith, Conductor Jones, has 35 loads and 11 empties.' This information is recorded at the top of the train sheet in the spaces provided for it, and if any orders are necessary tbe dispat, ' cher will sena them at once. If there are silo orders to be given he directs the operator to give ‘the conductor a "clear- . awe herd" statieg 4bereon that there 1 am no orders for his train. Trains upon a division are membered MONSTER DUST STORMS. erime Russian travellers in Tibet, de ran the wonderful etorms of duel tat o -cur in Kashgeria near the foot the Kuen-Lun Mountains. The dust n the air is sometimes so dense that eomplete darkness prevails. Occasion. ally eain falls during such a storm, but the rain -drops evaporate during then deseent, and the dust carried with them falls in lumps. Entire forests of poplar -trees are buriedin dust hillocks 40 feet high. These deeosits of dust are afterward moved on by the wind, bui the trees that have been burled die even after this disinterment. AN OBLIGING SUPERINTENDENT. The Preeklent of an electric railway compaty cemplained to his superin- tendent, a Hibernian named Itinnegin, text hie daily reports of trouble on the lina were toe lonig—too wordy. Cut 'em short, mid ?the boy President. The soperinte,ndent's next revert of e car off ail trapk satisfied all hands. It was ) "Offagin, "Onegitis "AWayagin. "Pinnegin.' with odd netnbers for east bound, and etven numbers for west bound trains, or vice versa, and, therefore, trains starting out foana the eastern terminal begin their ruin art the bottom of the dispatcher's train sheet. while thewest bound trams stare from the tap of the sheet. Each operator at the stations on the division reports to the dispatcher the time of arrival and departure or the time a. train passes his station and the time, is recorded on the sheet by the dispatcher, and as they progress over the division he can readily note that they are approaching each other and that he must provide e passing or meeting point for them, and to do this 139 xnunt be farnitiar with the topogra- pher of his, division as regards GRADES AND STRETCHES of track weextefast time cam 1)e made, and he meet be able to figure to the fraction of a minute how long it will take a train to rum a certain number of miles to) meet another train without delaying itself or the opposing train. Traane on the time table are classified with regard to their priority of rights to Lhe track, traits of the first-class being superior to those of the second, end ell succeeding classes of trains. Trains in a specified direction have the, right of buck over trains of the same or inferior class running in the opposite direction. An inferior class tram due to meet a superior class traini at a certain station must necessarily remain at the time table meeting point until the superior class train has ar- rived, no matter now late the latter train may be, unless the dispatcher comes to the, aid of the interior class train with an order to meet the dee leered superior class trait at another station. This order is sent simultan- eouely to the superior and the inferior class trams, and. to the operator at the station where they will meet, and, he meet at once dhselay a red signal and not remove it until the trains meet, The order is sent in this form: "Special order No. 50, to C. & E. No., 7, at K., 0. & Et No. 10 at D., and operator at N. oN. seven (7) and No. ten (10) will meet at N--, Signed ------, &lot." When a passenger trate is late enough to admit of running freight trains ahead of it the following style of order is used: "No. seven (7) will ruin forty (40) minutes late—K--- to —." Thin permits the train receiving it to use forty /nitrates of the time of the detested train, less three minutes foe vartetiot of watches, and compels No. 7 to run forty-three mimutes late cat her card, time. The competition among parallea railroads that secure freight bosness sii so sheep that FAST TIME. IS NECESSARY to maintain dividends, and as super-. ilatendents wateh, the time made by the freight trainer quiteas closely as thee do teat af passenger trains, the des-. patche.r must take eavantage of every opportunity to help freights over his division, and alt the sauna time not de- lay passeoger trainee He knows that) any eitimealculatiton upon his part in making meeting, orf passing points wilt be severely oriticised by his superin- tendent, and be knotves, too that jf dee lay,s are frequent he *will not be re- tained in his poeithen. In addition to the important duty of ronvIng trains without delay or acci- dent, the dispatcher has other duties to attend. to, Guth as picking up care at way station e on local trains and re- dwing the number of cars per train for' freights, or increasing the Amebae as the weather conditions warrant. When he cones on dthey he reads the "transfer.' of the division written to hints) elf by the dispatcher, whom he is to relieve, and if trams are numeroue and late this/ in itself contains enough "grief" to drive an ordinary xnan to desperation. The 'transfer" itesually contains a lot of information which reads like Greek to the ordinary indi- vidual; for instance: "See ceders. 8-14-16-20-35-42e--lst No. 8 runs 50 mitts late B to R. haven't heard from. 2nd, 8, 1 con stook for C. at M. le left 5 cars on passing idine at D, look oat for them. Iliad to do at to get 72 in an time, 84 takes the '7 cars. Crippled ca.r on siding at X, if you put anything in there for east bound they'll have to back out. lst 57 and 3rd and 4th 42 meet at S--. Watch it and. get ceiee of them to J for 28 or you'll have tci sa.w 28 by them; siding only hold2 of 'cm. Watch that meeting Points bet' tweete 87 and 40 I'm freed 87 will aids them; if so, chatege it." 33ie has scarcely had time to read this and gIarioe at' the train eheet to locate the traits; When the operator at W, tells hira "5th 60 broke isa two and rani begotten* en front of the office. One car off track and 8 or 10 drawbars broken ititi other cars. Main track blocked, but you pan run trait:is around the wreck through the siding." He fends that THE WRECKING OUTFIT is necessary and orders an extra to start with it as soon as the wrecking men get around. Tbeie he has to change several meeting 'points with the tv-recWed train and other trains and pee- pers a clear track for the wrecker. Time flies rapidly, as he is busily en- gaged en nsending train circler after train arder, and while be is sending one he is figueing on another a,nd wish, Leg that the rainete,s contained a few mare seconds. All through the eight hours otf his tiresome vigil be is con- stantly figuring tha minutes required for trains ed ruin certain distances and he becomes so proficient in judging miles and minutes that be ean tell tot a minute 'what time a train will pass each station on his division. One false moveraent by a despateber in moving his trains would result in the loss of humani life and the destruction of thourneds of dollars isa rolling stock and the strain upon his mind soon wears out the strongest constitution. It its an Unwritten buy upon all rail- roads that a dispatcher cannot work more than eight holies at one thne• The railroad =etagere know the ex- act limit of endurance of all their ma- chinery and dispatchers and engines are alike given a rest after that limit is reached. Locomotives "live" the long- er in harness, however, as dispatehers rarely last more than tete years, at the end of which they are replaced by younger men and, are either promoted! or laid aside, as a back manlier. Luckily I for them, railroad. managers recognize. the fact that the experience gained bet • diepatcher fits him for better pay- ing though lees responsible positions, consequently there are many dispat- chers in the 'ranks of general managers and superintendents. WHAT KEEPS" TtlE" SUN HOT. et win 1 rolambly Keep Warm for Tweet, Minion Tears. According to the most recent investi• Tattoos the temperature of the suu lomae-ivbese between 5,000 and 6,000 de. Trees centigrade, and there are reasons kir believing that for hundreds of thousands, perhaps millions of yeare t has been radiating heat into spate with to appreciable Ices of tempera. teen Were the sun simply a coolind mass of stone or metal it must ages agc have, lost both its heat anti its light) were it a globe of burning carbon it tan welly be calculated that it -would have burned out in a/hut 6,000 years Where, then, does it get its heat sup- ply I is a question frequently asked., We are sq accustonaed to regard firei combustion, as the principal source of heat, ortat any rate, at 'intense heat, that it is not easy to reales e that thei4 may be any other sourees, equally abundant, froos which tha sun may ob- tain its perenned supply of this al dile Astronomers long since discarde.i the idea that there is any sort of tombus. tion going on in the sun. Its heat is, more proeably, of that sort known it) playeice as xneehanieal heat—hest that produeed u>y friction by hammering or vompresseen. We are familiar enough with the first two sour, es though ordinarily the amount of heat wheel we perecive to lie thee developel Is not great; but heat produeed by iompreesion is not so often brought tt mu* notice. From a variety of ex- periments, however, it can, be showii that whenever a metal, ; a pieee of lead, or the air, or, indeed any gat is forcibly compressed heat is evolved and this is the source to ti hich astro nomers are now inclined to look fot the main suppry of the solar energy This idea was first suggested by Islet mimeo and it has been taken up, and Mg to the theory of thee seentists the elaborated. by Lord kelvin. Accord. sun, whieh i,s simply a mass a reaso.bs. matter, es now and has leen for ages contracting its dimensions—is grow. Mg smaller, and the me hauical heat produced in this process is precisely that whieh it is continually throsaiijs off into space. Lord )el'in calculate that a contraction of the Sun, uncle! the force of gravity, which diminith e4 its diameter to the extent of frau miles a century, would fully eccoun for its beat supply, enormous as it is The sun might contract at this rate to several thousanct years before ther would be. any diminution ot its size tie ceptible even through a telescope. el COUTS-G, this peones has a, limit, ar.1 eventually the sun, having become tie: dense te eontract further, must beget to cool off; but not for some ten o• twenty tuillitna years, says Lord Kel van. BT_TIIIVITP - WOOD. There has conte !into use a method. of 'building up" boards by gluing or cene eating together tbin elebe of wood oi p.ifferent kinds, so pawed that the . rein of the venous pieees is crossed. t its claimed. thet not only extra [ rengte, but also extra flexibility and urability are thus *Matinee. Deere lxia4e of the pireiteired wood are mid o be ateenger lanai h thinker ewes badeof erasion. w. • 4, alia thee do tot warii. Lialfi -,Iptes and trunk- pire altie ms4�' a tsa1e materiel. „ THE SUNDAY SC11001-. INTERNATIONAL LESSON, JULY IL "Pant atel the Ehlitpplan Jaller." Acta X6, "1;117014TI eiue AVer,x4ISTOAteT4Vs$16. 1'31' Verse 22. 1,11:te Inultistede rose up. A. mob excited be prejudice observes oeithe er law nor justice. (1) Crowds never stop to eason or to judge impartial - Ly. The magistrates. For the sake of a moment's popularity they submitted to the claraor,s of a riotoue crowds Com- manded to beat them. According to the Roman usage the victim of tbe scourge was shipped, stretched vrith cords or thongs upon a wooden frame, and, ly- ing upon this ewe, was beaten with rode to a degree that always covered his body with blood, and often resulted in apeedy death. 23. Many stripes. By Jewish usage only therty-nine stripes could be in- flicted; but date merciless Romam law bad no limit, into prison.. The worst jails in Chrietendom are, no doubt, far in advance, as reepeots comfort, of the best it ancient h.eathendom, They were foul, unventilated, pestilential places, where the manacles rusted ouu the prisoaer's limbs, and Where not a ray of light penetrated. 24. The stocks. A heavy beam into which the feet were fastened wide apart compellieg the victims to lie on their /seeks, all sore and wounded, on thee hard dungeon floor. 26. set midnight, Paul and Silas were fettered en the stocks and unable to stand or te kneel, yet then* hearts and their toegues were free. Sang praises. Perhaps the psalms of David, familiar to all Jews; perhaps 5Orge newer Christien acing. Prisoners heard. These were not generally iV eeparate cells, bat la large rooms; per - • some le the dungeon with the apostles. (2) A prionua may be made happier than a palace if Christ be there. (8) What men are is of more importance than -where they are. 26. There was a great. earthquake. This was God's answer to their prayer and was the divine sign that. the prier - eters were not unnoticed front on bight Foundet ions- ...shasken. (4) God knows how to deliver hie peuple from the pow- er of their enemies. ,All tlse doors were opened. Flung a.part, perhaps off their binges, by the shock. Bemis were loosed. As the prisoners were ohaia- ed to rings or staples in the wale, they were set free when the atones were loosened.. 27. Keeper of the prison. mould ita,ve killed himself. Suicide was considered an honorable death in the ancient world. tete this very city Brutus and Cassius killed themselves to avoid fall- ing tuto the heeds of Augustus- (5) Cluestianity has educated the world to hi,gher views of the value of human life. Supposing that the peisoners. By the severe Roman law he would be required kteeerpeiinngi.ve the some punishment as his prisoners if they escaped while in his 28. Paul cried. that is, said in a loud tone. In the confueion, as everywhere, Paul was calm tied self-possessed. Do thyself no berm. Perhaps some u.t- teranoe of the .jaker showed his pur- pose. 6. This is the message of the Gospel to every, one who harms him- self, as every sumer does, by a life of wickedness. We are all here. The t e Phrl4i°extarexathcLinanakee.have been terrified by 29. Called for a ligitt. Lights were needed to know the condition of the prison ana bring it to order. eprang in. Into tine cell where the pristelera were, confined.. Came trembling. Over-. wheltned with the consciousness that there meet be eoinething supernatural in the event, and that it was vonneeted with the two men whom he had fetter- ed. Thoughts move (meekly in such ex- citing moments. 80. Brought. thera out. From the dungeon into the ball or vestibule. What meet I do to be sextet) As in the storm the sailor feels the need of prayer, so in all great and sudden crises souls awake to spiritual realities ond spiritual. needs. Perhaps, toe, Paul and Silas had spoken to the jailer about hie salvatio,n, as we know persecuted saints often did to their captors. It is clear that it, was the salvation of his soul whieh he sought, not any temporal re3liel.f. They said. Silas, as well as Pa,u1, took part in the couversation, is was doabtless longer than the mere sentence given, though that sen - ten .e embodies its essence. Believe. The, wont intent more than a mental process. It Mel -titles era act of the will the cotuplete su.rrencler of self to Christ with submission to his will and depend- ence on hini for salvation. The Lord Jesus Cheist. He had called them "lords," translated "sirs ;" they answer that there is one Lord. 'thou shalt be saVed. Taken out a sin and placed in a condition of salvation; forgiven, renew- ed and made achild of God. 7. There is but one way, and that is an easy way, Lor every man to be saved. And thy house. Not. that his family could be saved merely by his act, but that his faith would influence theirs. (8) No man goes to heaven or hell alone. 32. They snake. This was after the lighls pmny prisoners, we tegathered in the own, quarters and 135 family gathered about • 'rhe word of the Lord. An ac- count of the way of salvation present - under jailers, and perhaps some of th.e hed been brought, the prisoners ed in a brief but clear matinee. To all. led eel of the corridor into the jailer's . in his house. His family, the 83. Washed their stripes. The wounds of the prisoners had remained thus far unwashed and undressed; now the clotted blood was washed away and they received careful ministration from grateful hands. Was baptized. This was th.e token that be had taken Cheist as his Master, and henceforth was to be recognized as a disciple. He and ail his. In nearly every mention of baptism in the Ants we find the whole family baptized with its head, a recog- nition of the unity of the whole fain - 34. Into les house. Which was cone /meted ,erith the prison. Set meat. Lit- ea•ally, "set a table." l'a,u1 and Silas bad received no feed :since their arrest. Rejoiced. New lautsferred from a e•ruel heathen -into a joycus Christian. (9) God's people are the only ones who have a eight to bit happy. Believing in God. This expeossion woulcl be esed only of one who had been a 1 13ext., Of is. joy 5 would have been said, "Be- lieving in Christ."