Exeter Times, 1896-12-10, Page 6LEGAL.
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EW FAILS i 1IYF SATISFAMEM
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THE EXETER TIMES
THE WHITE SWALLOW,
V.
Cast upon her own re.sources, with-
out a man to advise or command her,.
the Indian girl had.topexforro, the rath-
er unusual task of holding council with!
herself. She at once made up her mind
to intense suffering's and. complicat-
ed dangers, though she had still doubts
of ultimate =coon. She was a vast
distance from. heme—she could only
guess the direction; the season was
getting advanced; and if surprised by
the winter, leer absence, if she perish-
ed not, would be of mere than a year'S
duration. She had, it is true, a dog.
a knife, and a fiehing-lbee. This was
much. On the other hand, she had
to cross the Rocky Mountains, and not
by the same path she had come, for
doubtless the A.thapaseows woold lie in
wait for he.r some time in the only
usual path. Without arms, without
WeaPdas, she must provide for herself
and dog. And yet she despaired not.
She was an Indian girl, and her prairie
education was of a finished character.
Her first thought was to hurry to-
wards the mountains. The stream
near whieh she passed the night seem-
ed to treed in tluat direction. The
White Swallow was not without fear
of being followed; she accordingly
swain across, and left obvious tracks
on the bank, as if she had forded the
river. Then loading" herself and dog
she walked in the water on a rocky
shelf, that gradually brought her back
to the other side. She then stepped
out without fear of leaving a. trail up-
on the hard bank. For two days did
she advance, and then her provisions
began to run short; her dcg anti her-
self consumed a great deal during a
daily walk of twelve hours. Thee -
kis -ho ordered a hat; and while try-
ing her fortune with her line in a
small lake, sat down beside the water,
and while watehing the fiehing-teckle,
began to construct with deers' sinews,
which formed a part of her dress, and
some hairs from the dog's tall. 'MVO
simple aflame and net that produce 1
such *wonderful results in a country
abounding in game.
They 'were set at some distance as
soon as ready; and next morning two
wild partridges and a rabbit reward-
ed the girl's ingenuity. These, with
some fish, gave Thee -kis -ha the hope
of being able to provide for herself and
canine attendant. The Indian traps
and snares are very simple. To catch
some aniraaIs, a trunk of a tree is so
arranged that at the least touch it fells,
and kills or secures the animal by its
weight. The partrIdge-traps are, how-
ever, very ingenious. A. small piece of
ground. is partitioned off with little
palisades and switches near a willow.,
tree, the favorite resert of the bird.
Some openings are left between the di-
minutive stockades, and in these open-
ings are little nets, when the partridges
come leaping about in search of food,
they fail not to be taken in dozens.
ThreE, nartridg,es and some other birds
rewarded the second day's efforts of
the White Swallow, and. as her tine also
brought her fish, she once more felt
hope. On the following morning, she
again started with renetded vigour,
keeping her eyes fixed. on the hills she
had to cross. She soon found herself
ascending; and according to the habits
of her education in the wilderness, fol-
lowed the course of a small torrent in
search of an opening in the hills. Her
provisions were not abundant, and both
herself and doe were placed upon rigid
aZdowance. The third day after her
halt she reached the mountains, and
began their ascent. Without path,
along rough and rugged rocks, her ad-
vance at times eompletely barred, forced
to descend and reascend, resting in hcd-
lows of tb.e bills, eating small and.
scanty -portions of food, stil.1 the heart
of the Indian girl never failed her. She
was young, fuel of hope and love; and
on she went, though her moccasons
were worn and torn, and her feet bled
upon the rocks.
Winding, turning, twisting, retreat-
ing, it took her more in= three days
to reach the summit of the hills, and
her poor pittance of food. was now near-
ly gone. She sat down on the arid
crest of a hill, and gazed upon the plains
below—upon those plains which con-
tained her country and her home. She
saw for fifty miles the great prairie
wilderness lying like a map before her,
with its rivers and its lakes, its emin-
ences and its levels; and her heart sank
within her as she felt the chill blast of
autumn in that lofty region. Starting
to her feet, she descended, and after a
day's severe fatigue, sometimes walk-
ing, sometimes sliding, sometimes act-
ually rolling down a slope of shingle,
she reaohed the bottom, and camped in
a little clump of pines.
A pool rather than a lake was at
hand; at one end of it she fixed her
line and her nets and at the other
she and EsquimaUx bathed with de-
light after their rude and continued fa-
tigues. The dog was as pleased as her-
self to find. himself out of the hills,
and testified his pleasure by rolling like
a mad. thing on the bank., after he had
for some time splashed en the water.
Suddenly Thee -kis -ha seetned to listen
attentively; a crackling noise was heard
in the bushes. She crouched almost
under water, amid some tall reeds agi-
tated by the evening breeze, dragging
the dog with her. At the same m-
eant a tall horned deer leaped mad-
ly into the water, as if jaded. by the
chase which had been given him by a
pack of kamgry wolves. The White
Swallow hesitated not an instant. She
knew that in rhe vva,ter a wearied deer
was a, sure prey. Plunging toward
him, just as the dog was at his throat,
the bold girl, before the noble beast
was aware of his new danger, had mor-
tally wounded him with her knife,
wheoh she always carried by her side.
The unfortunate animal made scarce-
ly any defence, and was drawn to the
shore to ebe without a struggle. Thee -
kis -ho now bethought herself of her
danger. Death was certain if the
wolves surprised her th any force. She
knew of but one remedy, and that was
a huge flee. TWO flints formed part
of the Indian baggage -whiela she had
been, given to carry-. These she
drew from her bundle, and taking a
portion of dry Spcoaisb, moss from a
tree, with some fungi lying about, she
began striking the flints together. Few
were the sparks that followed, but
presently the moss, which is inflame
rosible—and which I have often used to
light a fire by discharging a loose wad-
ding froxn a gun—took fire, and, byt
waving it gently backwards and for-.
wards, a flame ensued. Plenty of
branches, and even trunks of trees, laY1
about; and the girl soon found her-
self with a blazing heap. The fire was
made in a clean nook sheltered by trees,
and. the night being dark, there
WM% no danger of the smoke being seen.
But the wolves came not; some other
prey must have attracted them, or they'
must have lost the scent.
Convinced. by this, Thee -kis -ho let her
fire fall low, and proceeded te skin and
out up the deer, -which, perhaps the
only animal of the kind she had any
chance of mastering, was a perfect
treasure. Fle,sh, skin, sinews, intes-
tines. ala were valuable, furnishing food,
• otothing, thread, materials for snares
and nets. The animal was quite dead 7
and the Indian girl, who had in the
lo.st two months learned mach pro -
ceded to her task quietly. Seme por-
tions were prepared fer immediate use,
the rest load aside for the future.
Though she bad seldom., in her home
• on the Mabasha Water,
assisted in
domestic duties, she had observed, and
knew every thing that. could be made
of the animal. Tired as the was, she
scraped and weaned the Finn, and rub-
bed it welit. with grease to ;tonne it.
She then conked her first hot meal
.dtuce her Light, examined her nets and
ance and after amply feeding the deg.
laY down to rest. She slept more t ban
twelve hours, and rose much refresh-
ed. She had now a large bundle to
carry, and far to go with it; but she
abandoned nothing. She loaded her-
stbe,elf a.pnrcle e ihoetrz s dporogpettrityli; tehvehnole of ;
anil once
mere she started on her way.
nut now be found herself Ina maze
of woods, and lakes, and rivers, and
could not tell ler reed. SIg won alarm-
ed, for the. season WAS far advaneed,
and in that litrh lailtude winter 111154
near, Still she aivaneed with eourage
wed enemy, theugh not recegnizing
of the platers elle had seen on coming
away from heme,
Tie IMOshe found bereelf in a thick.
?ale gloomy wood She walked with
her doe disconsolately airing airaek'
evidontly loft by ilea buffalo, ignorant
of the clir,ction she was tithing. and
lest in elooney reflections. The dark
-
nem of the trees, the heavy atmosphere,
the weannes.s of her feet and frame,
her failing hope, had much ehange'l the
poor girl; and she felt by the weed and
t1hiea.eirr, and she saw bky the sy, chat
,nt
was rapidly apprnehintr- .
Suddeniv she gave a shriee as site
emerged from the wood undo a small
green. and gramy plot. Before her,
as far as the eye could reaoh, to the
right, to the left, in front, lay the wa-
ters of a vast Sea. dotted h-ge and
there by small islands. Theo -kis -110
looked anxiously around; for she knew
herself to le on the greet realm of the
Woods, where dwelt, seed treditton, a•
warlike and mighty rave. But all was
Still save the waving of the pine, the
Poplar, and the larch, and the beating
of the waves of the sealinen the peb-
bly ehore. The Indian girl stolid still
musing. 1V41.9 she still in the
landof reality, or was this the
promieed plate to which all the
brave and the good went after death?
Fier heeitatien was mementary; and
then other thoughts came upon her.
It was now inipossible to rinith home
that year, and the heart of the White
wallew beat confusedly and elmest de-
spairingly within her. Should she live
threat:bout the severe eaeon, n1 one,
wit heut hunting Implements, wit bent
a hut, without needful clothing? But
'even if he did get throutth the win-
ter, would she, when the birds came
again, and nature was green and gay,
and the trees put on their bridal cloth-
ing, and the earth mat forth perfume.
and the dew hung like crystal on the
trees, and the sun danced merrily on
the waters, and the flowersawoke
from their sleep—should she still find
her affianced husband without a bride?
The Indian girl was alone, none could
see her shame, and she bowed her head
and wept.
But better thoughts soon prevailed,
and Thee -kis -ho began to prepare for
her long, and cold, and dreary winter on
the shores of the great Lake of the
Woods.
VI.
The Indian girl stood like our first
parents when chased from Paradise—.
homeless, houseless, almost without rai-
ment, food, or tools, and with every
thing to be provided by the labour of
her own hands. She began by walk-
ing along the borders of the lake, un-
til she came to where a small rivulet
fell into the great inland sea, and here
she cast her fishing -lines, reinforced
by raany a new hook made from the
bones of the deer. Then she set at
some distance, and in various places,
all her traps. This done, she thought
of her hut. A large tree, the boughs
of which began to project at some dis-
tance from the ground, was selected as
the main -stay. _Against this the tall-
est and stoutest branches she could find,
with some drift -wood, were leant, so as
to form a kind of tent. Other boughs
were laid $o thitek, one upon the other,
that the whole took the aspect of a
mere accidental wood heap. It was rude
and shapeless, but it was weatherproof,
and that was enough for the wants of
a homeLes.eIrndjan. Thee-kis-ho's deer-
skin, was, as yet, her only bedding, but
now that she had fixed her abode, she
hoped to succeed better as a trapper,
and so add to the wealth of her ward-
robe.
It was late at night when this' her
first and almost hex most important
task was completed., But she stopped
not until it was concluded. Then she
lay down to rest beside her dog, and
took the first sleep she had had under
cover for nearly three months. At
dawn she rose to recommence her ardu-
ous tabors. Food must be found,. pre-
pared,and preserved for nearly the
whole winter, now approaching with
terrible strides. She found the lake
full et fish, and every moment she
could spare from setting and resetting
her traps was devoted to fishing. While
waiting for the arrival of a hard frost,
which she well knew would set in in
the course of a few days, she lookeld
about her. A Partion of the 'lake
formed a small pond off the rivulet,
with an entrance not five feet across,
and about two feet deep. As soon as
she caught her fish, which she did as
fast as she could throw her lines, she
cast them into this pond, having first
made a dam by throwing branch-
es and stones into the narrow
ebannelt which left ample passage
for water, but none for the escape of
the trout, pike, and other large fish
of the lake, which, like that of Atha-
PasOovir, is renowned for the abundance
and size of its finny inhebitants,
Wading in the water, provided with
a stick, a rude bark -net, and her dog,
Bt daIwaysre - caththeaat 7111.
ErrAay:too,sbaadsedtotien1.
bers
of rabbits, partridges, and squir-
rels which she caught in her traps;
and while roaming about the Invents
with..Esguima,ux, she an one occasion,
by his aid, caught a porcupine, One
day, too, she hit upon a small beever
dam, and captured several of these sag-
acious anneals. Presently. however, thti
snow began to fall in limey flakes,
a.nd Thee -kis -ho found herself in winter.
All her fish were at on taken oat
of the water, and placed in a position
country was covered with a thick coat
of snow, and the fish were frozen
hwahreecte they were freely exposed to
the cold. The next day the whole
The change in the weather by no
means changed the industrious habits
of the young White Swallow. A part
of the day was spent in making her-
self warm, clothes, with her rabblt,
beaver, and squirrel -skins; and though
alone, they vere made with all the
elegance of which she was capable,
for she was still a women. Then she
cast her lines. taking ca.re, now the
eold was come, to drop them in deep
places, while she found employment
every dayfor hours in mending old
and making. new traps. Then to
snake a fire 'in the roormng, when she
hnd not kept the embers alive, all
night, was a waste of time and labour,
for the moss was (limp, and would not
burn; but Thee-kis=ho soon took care
to have a supply of tinder in the shape
of fungi, whet she dried by a warm
fire, and hung up in her hut.
She had, at first a,t all events, plenty
of food. The little animals she caught
famished and hungry, snapped greedily
at the baits offered them, and rarely
did a day pass without its due propor-
tion of prey. Furs became plentiful;
and as the cold became more severe,
the Indian girl not only clothed her-
self with them, but made bed -coverings,
and lined he inside of the tent Her
fire, despite the smoke, was made, ao-
eording to the fashion of her tribe, in
her tent; the acrid vapour escaping by
a little opening in the summit, and by
Ntl::::h.,rrow door. A small fire was
quite suffivient both for cooking and
y
The next labor undertaken by the
White Swallow was making herself a
tit,xatl,relso
.r of eft
xt
ealkie
tame painful, At one time she thcloutagkl;
ava
of vonstructing a sledge, da
l
tines out towards the Mabasha., with her
doe dragging a lead of provisions; but
the doulefut nature of the enterprise
made her at once give it up, and re -
on waiting the return of the
warm summer -season. From tradition
and revert, she believed she knew
pretty well her whereabouts, a,nd re-
garded the journey before her next
year as of little consequence,
(To be continued.)
CHANCES OF LONGEVITY.
The Print:try Conditions Necessary o it
Long and Denitby LII.0 Described loy
Seientist.
In discussing the longevity at the
Academy of Science recently Mr, F. W.
Warner sake that a doctor could look
at a patient's hand an.d toza by the
signs shown there whether he would
live or die.
"The primary conditions of long-
evity," the Medical Record. quotes Mr.
Warner as saying, "aro that the heart,
linage and digestive organs, as well as
the brain, should be large. If tbetse
organs are :largo the trunk will belong
and, the limbs comparatively short. The
person will appear tall in sitting and
short tn. standing. The hand will have
a long and somewhat heavy palm and
short fingers. The brain will be
deeply seated, as shown by the orifice
of the ear being :my. The blue, hazel
or brown hazel eye, as showing an in-
termission of temperament, is a fav-
orable indication. The nostrils being
large, open and free indicates large
lungs. A pinched, and balf-clesed
nostril indicates small or weak lungs.
"In the -case of persons who have
short -heed parentage on one side and
long -live -d on the other side, the ques-
tion becomes more involved. It is
shown in grafting anci hybridizing that
nature makes a supreme effort to pass
the period of the shorter longevity and
extead the life to the greater longe-
vity. Any ane who understands these
weak and dangerous periods of life is
forewarned and forearmed. It has
been observed that the children of long-
lived parents mature much later and
are usually backward in their studies."
A POCKET BICYCLE.
A Frenchman named Leguir, who is
air enthusiastic bicyclist, and has had
untold trouble with, train guards and
baggage men evhen transporting his
wheel on the railways, has invented for
his own convenience a pocket bicycle.
This name is not to be taken literaily ;
the bloyebe cannot be folded so close-
ly as to go into a man's pocket. How-
ever, each wheel, after the rubber tir-
ing has been removed, may be taken
apart in four sections, and these sec-
tions °tapped together, as a fan would
be, so .that the whote machine goes
into it case 'about the size required for
five or six umbreilitas. M. Leguir car-
ries the package with a shawl. strap.
Be.rlin. editor who went to Paris to
examine the machine, with the inten-
tion of having one made for his own
use, remarked after his return:
"Ala very fine, but we shall think a
long time before trusting our bones to
this machine." •
FERTILIZING AN ORCHARD.
Some fruits will occasionally grow on
starved trees, as we see in many cases,
*is year of plenty, but it will be small
in size, and very poor in quality, worth
from nothing up to about half price.
It is a matter requiring ranch Study
and thought to properly 'fertilize an
teethed. We want a good thrifty an-
nual growth, but not too rank, and we
are anxious for fruit of good size and
well colored every year. Very little
nitrogen is needed, but phosphorus
acid, potash and lime trees must have.
Unleached hard wood ashes are a great
favorite with us. If not to be had in
sufficient quantities, karnit and,rami-
ate of potash and ground bone will
supply the needed food for the orchard.
PIGEONS AS MESSENGERS, ,
A' doctor in the Highlands of Scot-
land, whose patients are scattered over
a wide district, takes carrier pigeons
with him on his rounds and sends his
prescriptions by them to the apothe-
cary. He leaves pigeons, too, witial dis-
tant families, to be let loose when his
services are rieeded.
Philosophy is a good horse in the stao
ble, but an arrant jade on a journey.
NOB GREW NOR CAPTAIN
,
EXTRAORDINARY ViTANDERINQS OF
DESERTED VESSELS.
The Fannie E. Wolstou Drifts 0,000 Mlles
tit Four Tears—The ellysteriens Sea af
Sargossto, In Which the Storni-Tossed
Derelicts or the Atlantic Wiled a Eleven.
With no sails to catch the wind, no
hand to guide her helm nor lights to
burn at night, the American schooner
Alma Cummings, of Boston, has just
finished a journey of 5,000 miles around
the Atlantic Ocean.,
This Is the laugest journey made by
an abandoned vessel. Sevres of ships
manned and equipped under the stria
requirements of the law have met with
accidents and some have gone down
during the 594 days this wander was
adrift without a mishap.
A TERRIBLE EXPERIENCE.
She was caught in the famous bliz-
zard which swept the Atlaritie in
ruary, 1,895. Her masts and rigging
went by the 'hoard, and while the
wreckage clung to the side of the ves-
sel it battered holes in the hull. Three
feet of the formed on deok end the
pumps froze. The hull end cabin half-
filled with, water, the matehes were
water -soaked, and ems swept every-
thing from the deck,t Just as all the
remaining food and water was placed
in the lifeboat ready for departure from
the schooner a wave swept it into the
sea. A fire was made in the cabin
by .firing a rifle into a can of oil. As
it set the apartmeat ablaze it had to
be extinguished. The oilskins on the
men were frozen stiff with a coating
of lee an inoh. thick:
,After five days of this wretchedness
the Bri,ish steamer Queensmore, Capt.
Hawked, bore down tend took the men
aboard. The Cumr4ings was abandon-
ed. Feb. 11, 1895, a hundred miles at
sea, off the New jersey coast. She was
seen afterwards by five different ves-
sels, the last one reporting her as hav-
ing drifted half way across the Atlantic
to England. The next two reports of
her showed that the Cummings bad
changed her course and was goiug to
the south. On Kay 4 she was in the 1
middle of the North Atlantic,
HEARD FROM AT THE EQUATOR.'
Nothing then was heard from her for
months, when Capt. Orraston, of the
British. steamer Whitby, brought news
that the lonely voyager was down near
the equator. Sho was burned to the
water's edge from several fires which
had bee,n started aboard her by the sea-
men of other craft to remove her, as
she was a danger to navigation. But
she would not burn, nor would she sink.
The charred stiunps of her masts were
standing, the bowsprit and part of the
forecastle were out of the water and
her hull was covered with barnacles.
The name on her headboard. appeared
almost obliterated and rend: "Ann Cum-
inge"
No news was heard from her again
for months. Sept. 21 a press despatch
from Colon, on the Isthmus of Italia -
rate said the derelict had brought up
on one of the San Illas islands, and that
the native Indians there were stripping
her. The islands are near Colon.
The Cummings was loaded with 480,-
000 feat of lumber; whieh she took
aboard at Port Royal, S. C., for Boston.
Her track on the chart is along well-
established ocean ourrente, which the
craft had to follow, deviating only occa-
sionally on account of storms.
THE WOLSTON'S LONG DRIFT. I
The long voyage of the Cummings is
paralleled by but one other wreck and
the derelicts average 232 annually. The
American schooner Fannie E. W. Wols-
ton was adrifu for more than 1,200 days,
and drifted 9,001) miles. Although her
voyage appears longer than that of the
Ctunmings, such is not the fact, as the
Wolston spent most of her time cross-
ing and recrossing her own tracks. She
was frequently ?becalmed, and also
travelled around in circles near the Ate!
tattle coast. She was seen by passing
vessels forty-four times. In her jour-
neyings she crossed her own track about
ten times. The Wolston was aban-
doned off the Virginia coast, Oct. 16,
1891, and she loafed about the Atlantic
mail Oct. 21, 1895. She first shaped her
course for the middle of the ocean, and
upon her arrival there the derelict was
caught in the dead clams and current -
less waters of the "Sargossa Sea."
IN THE STAGNANT SA.RGOSSA SEA.
The sea is filled with great areas of
marine grass, which has held up, so
the yarns of the sea say, those who go
down to the sea in ships and kept them
prisoners. It has been a theme of no-
velists, who have founded stories on the
supposed city of ships. Around this
mighty patch of seaweed the Walston
circled, taking about 2 years. She also
went back and forth across this'ghost-
ly region. Next the craft started to-
wards Florida, and it was off the south-
ern coast where the vessel was seen
twenty-three times by other craft. The
derelict made two more cirolm and then
went north. When last seen the lone-
ly voyager was 600 miles off the coast
of New Jersey, where it is supposed she
went down to Davy Tone's locker.
A. BELL BUOY'S TRAVELS.
Something unique in seatrips was
that of the bell buoy which was sta-
tioned off Cape Canso, Noya Scotia. It
broke adrift Jam. 28, 1894, and went all
the way across the Atlantic and near-
ly into the English Channel. The buoy
was a little over a year making the
trip. The skippers of vessels were often
puzzled to hear the tolling of a bell
far out at sea ba, the night. The buoy
was sighted thirteen times and was
last seen 600 miles off the English
Channel, Feb. 9, 1895.
The bark Birgitte, of Grimstad, bound
from Mobile to Queenstown, was aban-
doned with all sails and the bowsprit
gone and the vessel leaking Feb. 17,
1896, off the coast of Ireland. Her
crew was taken off by the British
steamer Snowflake. For nearly four
months she drifted back and forth
across the tracks of the Atlantic pas-
senger lines, liable to send one of them
to the bottom during the night. The
craft was seen thirty-two times. To
remove this menace to shipping the
English steamship owners sent out a
Ing to find her, and she was towed in-
to Queenstown, Muy 6, 1896. Her bow-
sprit and deck'house were gone and
there were twelve feet of wa,tex in her
THE HYALtNE STILL ROVING,
The British brigantine Hyaline, an -
'other listless roamer of the seas, has
tragelled 2,400 miles and is still afloat
Her 'crew was taken off 1310E about
000 miles out from the Maryland 1
coast. She was thee full a water and
, her fore rigging had been carried
away. Several attempts have been
made to burn her, but she refuses to ,
be consumed. The Hayaline is now
well over towards the coast of France I
and has been reported fifteen times. I
The last captain who saw her says that I
the vessel's stern was burned out and
open to the sea, and that she was down
by the head.
I DERELICTS DIE HARD.
It is remarkable how some of these
abandoned vessels hold on to life and
refuse to give up the ghost. They
even withstand the shells from war-
ships, The United States steamer At-
lanta recently had this experience with ,
one of them: A derelict was found bot- '
tom up near the New South Shoal
Lightship, with the forward part of
her keel on a level with the water
and the rudder about ten feet out of
the water. One slsot from the forward :
eight -Inch gun and nine shots from the
port six-inch frun and ntne shore trom
wreek., One of the six-nech shells ex- I
ploded inside; the others, except
!three, passed through. After expend-
ing twenty six -pounders and six three -
pounders, it was decided to ram the
wreck, The first blow cut off the;
vessel's stern. She still floated. The '
second ram cut oft more of the after
part of the craft, °townies up her hold,
but she still kept afloat. A. third blow
amidships did not accomplish anything,
as the wreck raised oat of the water
and rode on the Atlanta's ram. The
fourth blow broke her In two and the
fifth strike turned her over, when the
cargo of empty barrels floated to the
surfeits% Sbsi was the British schoon-
er Golden Rod.
The stearaer Virigo once passed be-
tween the masts of a submerged wreck
during the night, when it was irapossi-
ble to see the danger.
SLAVES OF CEYLON TEA TRADE.
Sad litre or the People on tloe Dig Planta.
*ions—Allows tu Debt.
A great deal of hard arid ill -paid
work goes to the producing and pre-
paration of tea for the market. Ed-
ward Carpenter says that the coolies
of Ceylon are unfortunate. They go,
over In gangs from the mainland of1
India—men, women and children, An i
agent is sent to conduct them to their
destination, and on their arrival atj
the tea estate each one finds himself
several rupees in debt for the expense
of the transit.
Their average amount of wages is
about 12 cents a day; but cash man
is set a certain task, and. if it is not
completed be receives only half pay, so
that if he is slow, or la.zy, or ill,he
may expect but six cents daily. Under
these circumstances the debt keeps=
inereasing, for the estate is fax in the
country, away from any town or vil-
lage, and the tea company consequent-
ly sells rice and the other necessaries
of life to its own coolies. They cnn-
niob bay e sew ere.
"Oh, but they like to. be in debt I"
said a young planter. "They think
they are not doing the best possible
thing for themselves unless they owo
as much as the company will allow."
That planter was very young, and per -
baps he did not realize the force of
what he was saying; but in any case
what a suggestion of despair! at the
end of the week the coolie does not
receive any raoney ; his debt is simply
ticked down a, little deeper. If he runs
away to a neighbouring estate he es
soon sent back in irons. He is a slave
and must remain so to the end of his
days; but poor food, thin clothing, and
the cool air and mists of the moun-
tains ROOD brings on lung disease, of
which the slight -bodied Tamil easily
dies.
THE SUNFLOWER AND ITS USES.
The sunflower is a native of Amer-
ica. In 1569 it was introduced into
Europe, and is now extensively culti-
vated there, partieularly in Russia,
where it has been grown for fifty years,
principally for the oil contained in its
seed. The seeds, after the shells are
removed, contain 31 per cent of oil.
This oil is clear, light yellow, nearly
odorless, and of a peculiar pleasant and
mild taste. It is said to be superior
to both almond and olive oil for table
purposeeand is used in making soap
and candies. In Russia the larger
seeds are sold in immense quantities to
the lower classes of the people, who
eat the kernels as we do peanuts, The
stalks furnisha valuable fertilizer,
while the green leaves are dried, pul-
verized and mixed with meal as food
for cows. The stalk produces an ex-
cellent fiber. It is said that Chinese
silk goods commonly contain more or
less sunflower fiber. The so-called
Niger -seed oil is made from a species
of the sunflower family which is a na-
tive of Abyssinia. It furnishes the
COIDDROD lamp oil of Upper India, where
it is largely cultivated.
RUSKIN AND THE BEGGAR.
. When Ruskin was in Venice, he used
to come down the Spanish Steps morn-
ing after mornng, and there was one
beggar who always begged of him, and
to whom he always gave a c.opper coin
or two. One day the beggar, touched
by this lang-contieued kindness caught
his hand and kissed it. The beggar's
own hand was not over -clean, and in-
voluntarily Ruskin shrank from his
touch. Then the strong sense in him
of human brotherhood triumphed and
he bent over and kissed the- beggar's
cheek.
r, ,,,,........._.,....„,
Ayer's
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than other medicines:\
Most of the chea
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vary relief. Ayer's Ch
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,AntlInta, Bronchitis, Cron
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other cough, will, when oat
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Ayer's
Cherry P
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Send for the "Curebook"
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ITTLE
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CARTER'S LITTLE LIVER PIUS areverynnari
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• -COSTLY SKATES.
A separatist club was organized in
Biddeford, Me., the other evenusg. Its
object is to secure the separation of
Canada from England.
The First National Bank of East
Saginaw, lVfich., has suspended.
•
Constipation
Louses fully hoolf the sickness in the world. 11
retains the digested food too long in the boisfelt
and produesS biliousness, torpid lent', indt
0
goatee; had test*, canted 4 a
IIIS
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