HomeMy WebLinkAboutExeter Times, 1896-2-27, Page 2„atatrat
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E
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HOUSEHOLD.
Route -Made Sausage.
One of the earliest methods a prepar-
ing mat Wes in the form a steusegee.
.The sausage ven.dor is a common person-
age in the comedies of Aristoplienes. The
men of old seem to beve known no other
method a treating tough pieces a meat
tine to mince them. The secret a hang-
ing beef and meats in a colt atmosphere
until the tibias soften is a comparatively
modern one.
• The Roman. preparations a minced
meat, seasoning and bread crumbs were
more like a modern force meat than a
sausage. The best sausage makers of
those days. as well as of these, used no
bread crumbs, but lean of beef, veal or
pork:. mixed with clear at o pork,and
seasoned with spices and herbs. Excel-
lent sausages of clear meat were made
le Roman times at Mordeaut, and pro-
bably at liereana, now Bologna.
The tree Bologna sausage is always
boiled: before it itt sold in ruarkei. There-
. fore these sausages are properle' served
• without further cooking. They should
be merely sliced in the tlainneet pos-
eille slices and served witli a slight gar-
nish aparsley. Lyons s.ausage are serv-
es(' the same way. Tile best Bologna
eaussege is made to -day of the, lean of
:beef and fat of pork. These two vari-
:eties of sausage are the only ones of
:foreign make that ran be purchased
!without suspition.
The teem:eori pork sausage a the but-
cher shop is somos made a unsound
and unclean scraps of meat. But it is
:an Wee- matter to snake sausages at
home with a meat cutter. A gOOl.l. meat
!eleopper it; most valuable in the kite/I-
:en foe hashing up mated meat for two-
, quettes aad other animas, as well as for
: cutting raw meats for soups, sausages
;and force meats.
, Tee best rule for sausage meat calls
for time times as much lean meat as
fat. Lean pork er lean veal may be
used. or beef, as in holognas, and clear
:pork fat, or even beef suet. Take seven
-pounds and a half of view), lean pork
iand two pounds and a half of larding
pork, ground to a fine mime. Acid
three ounces of ealt, one Of peppeathree-
quarters of an ounce of sage and half
an ounce of eumieer savory. These 'eates-
' ages can be wade from time to time as
they are needed. Wilen, packed iu
round niustin bas about leaf the dia-
meter of email salt bags they sail' keep
a Lang time, if the bag is dipped ui
• melted lard before it is twat away. The
lard fills all tite interettes of the mus-
lin wean t ha,rdens and thus effeetu-
:ally shuts out the air. These sausages
•axe very dainty when the leanof veal
substituted for pork. In either way
tees- make a. MEt delicious breakfast
dish when properly served.
Beet sausages require special treat-
, mean Subetitute seven and a, balf
:pounds of lean be for the lean pork,
:and add two cloves of earlie Minced as
fine as possible and mixed thoroughly
through. Add two teaspoonfuls of
ground cloves and somas nutmeg to the
flavoring herbs. Beef suet tem be used
in place of the larding porkbut it is
:not as good. The udder fat of veal is
nice. bowever, in veal sausages, but dif-
ficult to get, as it is usually sold with
the leg of veal. Beef sausages are bet-
ter packed ia bags half the diameter
of small salt bags, and boiled slowly for
one hour and a half, They may then
be cooled in the pot. liquor and cut into
thin slices wheu cold for tea. These
sausages somewhat resemble the Duteh
"roliehes," a famous Knickerboeker
dainty of olden time.
Veal and pork sausages are not often
boiled. They are either fried in a. pan
or browned in the oven. The latter is
a delicate way of cooking then. A nice
manner of serving an ordinary fresh,
wellanatie pork sausage is in a brown
sauce. Fry. a sonali ehite ottion,which
has been intneed fine in a tablespoonful
of butter, two tablespoonfuls of weak
vinegar if liked. Put in six sausages
and brown them for three minutes on
each side; then pour over them. a cup
of rich brown sauce and let the sausages
cook for five minutes longer. Take up
the sausages, skini off the fat and pour
the gravy around them., About six
aninc.ed mushrcoms added when the
brown gravy is poured over the saus-
ages are an improvement. Always
serve a rather tart apple sauce with
sausages or cut apples fried in round
cored slices. Fry theni in the sausage
fat and use them as 4 garnish to fried
sausages..
One Way To Make Bread.
'When tired of ordinary home-made
bread, why not vary the rule of mak-
ing, and get a different flavor.- Here is
one way of making bread, which gives
a loaf a trifle lighter thaa usual, yet it
is not crumby and dry like baker's
bread. If your oven has a brisk heat
for the first few minutes, to cause the
loaf to rise rapidly, it will be very
flaky. It has quite a nutty. flavor.
Roil three fair -sued potatoes m their
, jackets. Have ready two cups of flour
an a jar, and pour boiling hot potato
water an the flour. keel and mash the
potatoes, and add two eakes of corn-
pre.ssed ye.ast to this when. cool. Pre-
viously set your yeast to rise in a cup
with a teaspoonful of sugar, a little
milk and vvarra water. The amount of
yeast can be varied, for some women
t can get a larger number of loaves from
the same quantity of yeast. Use as
much water to cool the flour as for your
ordinary baking of six large loaves. I
sometimes keep the water strained from
the dinner potatoes to cool the other;
sometimes use a oup of sour milk or
buttermilk.
When the butter foams on starringet
is reads, to put in the flour. Make a
very soft dough with your iron spoon
and mix a little melted butter in.
When this batter is risen, put in equal
parts of salt and auger, and all • the
flour you ease without getting it too
stiff, and set to rise again. Next time
do not handle it very mach, just mould
lightly an.d place in tins. When light,
butter your hands and lift eaah loaf
out; rapidly mould or fold over in your
hands, and replara in pan. R is best
not to allow it to rise too lightly be-
fore placing in oven, a,s the brisk heat
will effect suffieient lightness.. It may
seem a tiresome process, but it repays
for the trouble. It is very good for
making toast axid bread-pudaings. If
carefully baked there will be no fail-
ure or waist.
Some Hints.
•:A. cute laundry beg that is being
made for a comieg fair is one of the
Brownie designs and shows the funny
little fellows in the ace of hanging up
a shirt several times larger than. them-
selves, -which they have just washed.
Mealy Bugs.—To destroy these pasts
on house plaaats, carefully rub off with
the hand or 4 brash all the insects that
readily yield to this treatm.ent, and then
spray the affeeted parts of plants with
kerosene eirtuLsion. Prof. Comstock has
destroyed anealesbugs by dusting the wet
plants with a mixture wide by grinding
in a mortar equal parts of smoking to-
bacco and, flowers of sulphur.
A gown may bts freshened by the ad-
ditive of a pretty collar and belt of rib-
bon, the hooks and eyea are concealed
by four loops on eaeh side; two long ones
project sidewise and two shorter loops
are thrust str tight out backward. 'rhen
for further decoration. straps of the rib -
lion may be added aver the shoalders
(ending half way to the belt back and
.front under a sma,11 bow which may
hold a faney buckle; or the straps may
be brought down to the waist line and
fastened with a bow.
To Cure Meat—h'or pork use salt 9
Ihs, saltpeter 1 oz, New Orleans sugar
1-4 to 1-2 lie et'ater 3 1-2 gals, meat 100
lbs. For beef, salt 51-2 lbs. saltpeter 1-2
oz, sugar 1-4 to 1-2 lb, :water 31-2 gals,
meat 100 lbs. For beef, sprinkle enoegb
salt to draw the bloat (a mere sprinele
will do it), pour this off. Make the brine
and skim, it well. then pour it on tee
meat and let it lie some 30 days Jae
til the heaviest pieces are salted through,
then hang, and smoke to suit the taste.
COUNTRY NEWSPAPERS.
aolible the Value ter City Newspapers As
Ads ertising eledlimee
Tlie• value of the country newspaper
as an advertising raedium is, propor-
tionately, mixt greater than that of
The naetropolitan newspapers, writes
Mr, John Chester. The country paper
exerciees a greater influenee Over its
readers than does the city daily over its
perusers. This is a fact that needs elves
consideration when relative circulations
are being taken into account. Tee
analysis of the subject is conducted in
this way:
• A 2,000 country circulation, costs, we
will say, one-tenth as much as a 20,-
000 city circulation. On a eammon
sense reasoning,, svhieh is the cheaper
ativertieing? In the country people
bases little to do in the way of mental
recreation except readbag. The local
Vsnea is their guLle, pliilo.sopher and
friend. It chronicles the news of the
county and neighborbood. It records
events that are atterestinet only to the
community for whicb it is published.
It prints lomil serial go.ssip an whieh
every individual member of that WM-
munii y is almost personally interested.
Por that reason it is read word for
word and line for line—not an item is
overlooked—even the ads are sure of
regular perusal. I believe that the
percentage of country papers not thor-
oughly read is infinitesimally small.
Thus the advertiser may be said to ef-
fectually cover the district, and may
feel reasonably sure that everybody
who reads the paper hue reaci his ad.
It is a totally different thing in the
city. We lame little time for newspa-
per reading, and anueh of what we do
es done on the ca,ns on the way to and
faxen business. Our limited tirae
makes it necessary that we should ab-
sorb all tbe news we can between
home and the *Mee, or viee versa.
We rapidly skink the head -lines, the
news captions, hastily read any article
that particularly interests us, consult
the market. reports and throw the pa-
ner aside. Many city business men
have the faculty of gleanbag all the im-
portant news from their morning paper
in a. few minutes. There is little time
for reading ade, though the evening
papers stand a better chance itt this re-
spect than their morning contem-
poraries.
The percentage of 20,000 city read-
ers who have time to read the ads in
their newspapers is not large. R is
not the fault of the ads, the mediums
or the anen—they sinirly haven't time
—that is Till. It is essential that
they should read the news, it is not
necessary that they should read the
ads. So, lack of time on the part of
the cityreader hurts the advertiser to
a certain extent. Lack of something,
better to do on. the part of the country
reader benefits those who advertise in
country papers.
From this standpoint I firmly be -
believe that, to the general as well as
local advertiser, country papers are
worth, in proportion to their circula-
time at least double what city papers
are. There might be one or two lines
of busine:ss for which the reverse
would be the case, but these excep-
tions would only prove the rule.
THE SMART TELLER.
Ilis Stratagem ibi- Securing au Increase of
Ells Salary.
The paying teller refused to honor the
check and went to the easier.
"They want that poo,ca," he said;
"what are you going to do about it?"
"Pay it, of course," said the cashier.
"You have the money."
"Yes, I have the money, but I don't
groperea to pay it."
"What do you mean, sir ?" the cashier
exclaimed. "It is your business to pay
it. I have given you. the money, and
the check must be paid."
. I am working here on a
salary of $2,000 a year. I have asked
for an increase, and the directors think
I am getting enough. I cannot agree
with them. It is true that I have the
e300,000, but I inte,nd to keep it. I
have not been treated right, and I must
take this course to get my deserts."
A long argument followed, Vehich was
referred to the hoard of directors,
which was hastily called together. The
teller was ordered before their majes-
ties. He admitted all that the cashier
had said of him, and added:
"Gentlemen, I a,m serious. I have
the §800,000 safe. You may dowhat
you please. If you take the matter to
the courts the most 1 ca,n get is ten
years. I shall leave the pc:literal:1,r y at
the age of 40 worth $300,000. If I re,
main with you at my present salary I
won't be wortha cent. Do as you will.
Give me $5,000 a year or send me up."
He was a hard customer to deal with,
and they quickly agreed that if he would
return the $300,000 and pay the check
they would do as he wished. He made
them sign a bond, releasing him in
every possible way and guaranteeing
him 85,000 a year for thirty years.
One of the directors, an old, gray-
haired fellow, who was president of the
insurance company, said:
"Young man, you are tea smart to be
paying teller of a bank. Come down to
any officeand I will give you $20,000
a year."
He went home, got the $800,000, re-
turned to the bank and went into the
nail:ante business,
Maw The Cream Will Not Churn.
As liatre received a nit mber of letters
from differeat puts of the country, ask-
.
mg far information how to churn cream,
that main' are finding so difficult to
Wenn in fall and wbater, 1 thouget it
svould not be out of place to give your
readers the benefit of my experience,
and offer some suggestions that would
benefit those who will follow the sug-
gestions given of the Ontario Agri-
ult utal Collage. I hive chn reel et.eim
in all conditions and degrees of ripe-
ness; and have never had any difficulty
wean the temperature was right, Some
of the muses why cream will not ehmni
are as follows:
lst. Ninety-five times out of 100 the
temperature is too low. There is no
temperature that will suit all kinds of
cream, neither will all einds of cream,
churn at the &nue temperature.
ha a dozen, differeut dairies, as raany
different temperatures may be requir-
ed, to churn the cream of each dairy in
thirty to forty-five manatee when all
ot her temlitions are the same. We were
coxnpelled to ohurn at 47 to 50 degrees,
ifl the early part of last summer to get
IL goad, firm body in our butter. But
et the sante time eburning \vas done
in many goal dairies at 62 to 00 degree%
giving equally asgood butter, and with
as good texture as ours. These are ex-
treme temparaturee for the season, ae
the usual eburning temperature is
abet' 58 degrees in the summer months.
I might say the only: reason we have
for our cream churning at sueh low
temperature ie that we have a. good
number of coWS added to the herd in
the spring:, their cream being much
easier to eborn than any we have ever
churned before. Our churning tem-
perature as about 60 degrees at tiM0 of
writing, white some are forced to churn
at 68 to 70 degrees; so that no one tem-
perature will suit all kinds of cream.
Our rule and guide to And the Prolleb
churning temperature is to uote the
time taken to churn. If it takes over
er temperature, and if less than teirty
minutes, we churn at a lower teMPera-
tfourmte.efive minutes, we churn at a high -
2d. Churning in a told roora delays
t he butter. The churn could be warmed
to overcome the, low temperature of the
room. The tetanerature of the room
should be as warm as the cream.
3d. Fillies; a churn half full and, over
is a very bad practice, as the create
swells while churning leaving, no reom
for concussion. Take a portion of the
eream from the churn wben trouble
like this is met.
41.1), The. per cent of butter fat or
skint milk an the cream efferte the tune
re.quired to churn. Cream containing 25
to 3.) per cent butter fat. will churn at
a low temperature, but cream contain-
ing front 10 to 12 aer mat am hardly
be churneii at as low a temperature.
There le no difficulty in churning cream
containing 17 to 39 par cent butter fat
or cream that will yield a pound of
butter from. less than four and one-
half pounds if the temperature is right.
5th. The breed of COWS will effect the
time in churning, but the, proper tem-
perature will overcome the difficulty.
Cream from Jersey and Guernsey cows
is generally more diffieult to churn
than from some of the other breeds.
6th. The length of time cows mei milk-
ing has very much to do with the
trouble itt some dairies. The chinning
should be done at higher temperature
where, the churn is filled one-third full
and rue at 70 and 80 revolutions per
minute. The room as warm as tbe
cream, the cream containing no less
than 16 per cent. butter -fat, and can't
be churned at any temperature, then
the cause can be traced to some one
or more COWS at the herd that have been
milking a very long time. The cream
from the suspected cows should be used
for some other purpose or churned by
itself until the cows causing the trouble
are found. out.
There is no such thing as a witch in
the churn, but a good cause can be
found for all the troubles met with in
so many dairies.
711). Sometimes the butter icomes ip
small granules, but will not gather.
This is caused by to large a. percent-
age ekim milk in the cream and.
churning at too low a temperature, or
adding a quantity of very cold water
too soon after the, butter breaks. With
a churning like this, it would be better
to draw off about half of the butter-
milk through a fine milk -strain to
catch what butter may come out. Re-
turn this butter to the churn and con-
tinue churning until the butter is gath-
ered. The temperature of the water
added to the cream should not be less
than 5 degrees colder than the cream,
except in very warm. weather.
Adding hot wa,t•or to cream when
churning is the worst of all practices,
as the, color and body of the butter is
destroyed. This is the chief cause of
the white, soft, spengy buttet so com-
mon on all our markets.
How to Have Trouble.—lst. Run the
dairy without a thermometer. 2nd. Have
two or three tunes es much skim milk
in the OM= as there should be. 3rd.
Chura without considering tempera-
ture. 4th. Fill a cold churn half full
and over. 5th. Pour in an abundance
of cold water at first appearance of
butter; then the patience of anygood
man or woman will be sorely tried to
get the butter.
How to Avoid. Trouble.—lst. Skim the
milk easefully, having as little skim
milk in the cream as poesible. 2nd.
Make intelligent use of a thermometer
in tempering the cream for ripening
and churning. 3rd. See that the cream
is at the proper temperature before
pouring into the churn. 4th. FM the
churn only: one-third. full. 5th. Speed
the revolving or barrel churns 70 or
80 revolutions per minute. 6th. When
the butter is about half gathered, a,dd
10 to 25 per cent. of water about 5 de-
grees colder then the cream, but at a
lower temperature in hot weather, or
when the butter is comiteg too fast;
then continue the chinning until the
granules are as large as wheat.
If „these directions are carefully fol-
lowed and butter can't be got, raise the
temperature; if the temperature w-on't
do it, then search for that cow
tioned above.
The Orchard. •
• Many of the orchards of our
try are are shamefully negleeted, and it
would naturally appear from obvious in-
ference, that the farmer is unwohng
to give his fruit trees even as little care
as is ordinarily expended upon crops of
corn or potatoes. An established each -
axe, consisting of standard varieties of
fruits, is one of the beet paying pro-
perties the farmer can maintainft
hould be borne in mi.ud, however, that
solnething can never come from nothing.
Fruit caianot be produoed, except • the
aoil contain the proper materials for
• Ile formation of the samg. A eon-
i!h'elarori flee it'er 11-i+ehnee eneteria,
emessasumemememesameusser
tinual taking away will stalely tend to
emptiness in the end; and that soil, that
has produeed many crops of apples or
other fruit, must soon become sterile
and unproductive, unless a, restoration
of plant food is regularly made. Why
not feed the orcharct every year as
well as market garden crops? As a
fertilizer for fruits, nothing surpasses
a, mixture of hard wood ashe,s and
round bone. This produces sound,rge, richly colored fruit of a firm tex-
ture, that brings the highest market
price. Let an mutual applieation of
front one ball to a whole ton of ashes,
and from two eundred to five eundred
pounds of ground bone be made on each
acre of orchard area.
The winter season affords eacellent
opportunity to make this dre,ssuag, as
it may be broadcast on the surface of
the a:19w, which will materially aid in
rendering it soluble and evailable as
plant food. If a tough old sod has
formed in the orchard, break it up .by
ploughing shallow furrows, or by ware
fying the surface with a sharp cut-
ewaY harrow. The idea is. of course,
simply to loosen azed, mellow the ser -
face soil without disturbing martY roots
of the trees. Every orchardist needs to
give some attention to pruning, The
time for this work is during the in-
fancy of the tree, when undesirable and
unnecessary shoots may be removed
with thuTab and finger. After a tree
has attained maturity, it Shonld not be
required to sever any large breeches,
but merely to cut out any dead wood
or shoots, that interlock or render the
head a the tree too dense 411(i come
pact. It should be remembered that a
tree with a rather low head LS much
more bandy for picking apples from
than a high, rangy growth.
CARVED HIS OWN IMAGE,
Very Remarkable Handiwork or a Famous
Jateanese Artist,.
The image of himself carved in wood
by Hananuma ala.salciehl is undoubted-
ly the greatest work of art of its kind
ever done. None but a manning Japan-
ese could hal*ve hoped to ever approaeb,
its marvellous excellence. The figure itt
every particular, even, the most min-
ute, is an exact counterpart of the
artist who carved it. The size is the
same, the skin is the same in color and
apparent texture; the hair is the same,
the blue veins are the same; the pose,
the features, the toes, the knots and
seams of muscles, the prominent collar-
bone, showing, ttvo bollows in the neck;
the outline of the riles, even the specta-
cles, are absolutely perfect reproduc-
tions of the original. When gazing at
the image you are strongly moved to
converse with it.
This wonderful image is carved out
of 2,000 separate pieces of wood. These
pieces are dovetailed. and glued to-
gether with such extraordinnry skill
that not even a ;powerful magnifying
glass can detect the joints. In the glare
of an electric light the surface appears
exactly like the skin of a Japanese—a
peculiar reddish -brown. This appearance
is given by a
COATDIG OF PAINT
the use of which is said to be known
only to the Japanese. This paint re-
produced the coloring of his own skin
to the most delicate variation in ehad-
ing.
After the exterior had been, properly
coated with this paint, minute holes
were punctured in the skin to receive
the hair. A separate hole had to be
made for each hair. This, no doubt,
was one of the most tedious parts of
the artist's task. The hairs for the
head were longer than nece,ssarywhen
ineerted, and image so the age received a
haircut when the work was completed.
Anyone might suppose that this opera-
tion of putting hair on the image would
have occupied a dozen years at least,
yet the artist did not spend more than
two years on the whole statue.
The attitude of the statue is one of
intense thought. In the left hand is
held a mall mask, tvItich the model is
represented as carving. In the right
hand is a carving tool. Hanantuna
Masaltichi is the greatest artist in
Japan. In his particular line, it would
be hard to beat him anywhere in the
world. He is now about sixty-three
years of a,ge. He was fifty-three when
he made this image of himself.
A Dog's Remarkable Instinct.
A remarkable illustration of a dog's
intelligence has occurred in Sutton,
England. A married lady there has a
small pet, and an her removal to a Lon-
don hospital, owing to ill -health, the
animal becaine greatly distressed, run-
ning hither and thither in search of
his mistrees, to whom he was greatly
attached. A week afterwards the dog
disappeared, and two days later return-
ed to its home footsore and weary. It
subsequently transpired that the faith-
ful terrier bad found his way to the
hospital where his mistress lay. No one
guided him and he traveled the whole
way atone. He waited about for hours
trying to gain admission, and finally,
after many rebuffs, succeeded rtm-
nieg into the hospital and finding the
bed where the lady lay. With great
delight he hailed her, and after eatisfy-
ing himself that she was safe he trotted
back to Sutton, about fourteen miles dis-
tant.
• How to get a "Sunlight" Picture.
• Send 25 "Sunlight" Soap , wrappers
(wrapper bearing tbe words "W"y Does a
W oman Look Old Sooner Than a Man") to
Lever Bros., Ltd., 43 Scott St., Toronto,
endyou will receive by poste, pretty picture,
free from advertising, and well worth fram-
ing. This is an easy way to decorate your
home. The soap is the best in the market,
and it will only cost lopostage to send in
the wrappers, if you limve the ends open.
Write your address careftilly,
Big Increase in Britain's Navy.
The Glasgow Herald says that the
COlil in g British navalprograen..me will
call for an expenditure of 9,5110,000,
with which will be constructed four
bettloships,' four first-class cruisers,
four third-class cruisers, and sixty tor-
pedo destroyers.
• •
age,'
nee
.11
,
CURED!
STARTLING FACTS'FOR DISEASED VIOTINIA3.
Ve'CUR'ES GUARANTEED OR NO PAY
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NO NAMES OR TESTIMONIALS USED WITHOUT WRITTEN CONSENT.
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tiros of early loner:awe commenced at 15 emers of age. i
tried seven medical Ones andement Vele without avail.
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tapes. Everything confIdonttal. Question list and cost of Treate
merit, PRE L..
ITPEPy KEPAN
td3 g. DETROIT, MICH.
No. 148 SHELBY ST.
3'=.3rer,v,
DR. SPINNEY tic CO.
The Old Reliable Specialists.
83 Year Experience
In the treatment of the Throat and Lung
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Young Nen
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There are many troubled
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DETROIT, MICH.
1
COMPARISON OF THE TWO.
What the Etrigush Hay Have and inia.
Amerkans Could iao.
M. Vignand's statement that the
American fleet would be able to destroy
or to paralyse in one month all the
corameroe of England, and that the
United States would immediately find
the millions for as many warships as
they might need, has not--eafluenced
the English, says the Paris Figaro. Con-
fident of the power of their 44 battle-
ships, their 142 cruisers, and their 110
torpedo boats, our neighbors on the oth-
er side of the strait look with a cer-
tain contempt upon the fleet of the
United States, which numbers. only
about 40 vessels, or nine battleships, 25
cruisers, and a few torpedo boats. This
disproportion of forces appears to the
English so utterly crushing that they
will not admit the possibility of a re-
pulse.
On the other hand, the Americans, itt
blowbeg the war trumpet immediately
after the defiant message of President
Cleveland, swan to be 4 little too hasty.
It is evidently the recollection of the
wonders accomplished by their sailers
during the tva,r of the rebellion that
fires their ardor. It is true, that dur-
ing that fratricidal struggle, which
lasted during four years, the federals
and confederates succeeded in creating
fleets almost out of nothing.
It is also true that, taking advantage
of theninitiative spirit and the bold,
neee which have never deserted the
Americans, the men of both north and
south were able to revolutionize the
art of naval warfare. They made im-
provements, introduced tovelties, and
invented new engines, such as iron -
dada monitors, add torpedo beets.
But ea 1861, al, the. contmencoment of
hostilities, the two adversaries were
1
evenly matched in the Smeans at theix
disposal, means which were
UTTERLY INSUFFICIENT,
if not completely worthless. The con-
ditions of the possible fame conflict
are altogether different. Ifethe te•phit
of invention and of enterprise_ still
remains as active aseverameng t4e „
es ha.ve been developed duri • the
America,ns, if their industrial re •c-\-, • ii
r
past few years in. marvellous iropor-
times, if by intelligent and pe i tat a -
forts they have been able te'create an
effective fleet, Without (Viewing upon
any foreign products, it Must none the
less be rernembexed that they prepese
to maarrel with a power essentially
maritime, which, on the one hand, oc-
cupies itt an industrial point of view
an, incomparable position, and on the
other possesses the greatest navy, in
the world.
Englishmen woulddo evell.to remem-
ber that he 1.812 the Americans made ,
war upon Chem with a fleet small in
number, and weak in preparation. But
for all that, five English frigates fell
in
' to the hands of ita enemy during
the very first, months of the struggle,
and it didnot take long for those in
' London to become convinced that their
' enemy so much despised on the out-
break of hostilities, was well'worthy of
serious consideration. What happened
at that time might be repeated, again,
to that gram:tome tale he told 'nee, and
and the American navy of 1895, how-
ever small it may be in the nixnaber of
its ships, might tvell be able to make
a more imposing enemy suffee very con-
siderable lasses• A nation that lives
upon its maritime commerce alone hoe
much to dread, from the attacks of
cruisers baldly commanded. And since
the Americans have refused to sign a
sanction of the treaty of Paris, which
would bind them to the suppression of
priva.teeting, they are at peefeet, liberty
, to create any number they please of
auxiliary cruieers, so that the wax
which they amid we ge upon ,
eteamere and. aniline -,,essels might be
rechnibtall'e in, the eee; ere,