The Exeter Advocate, 1893-9-21, Page 3GERMAN AND ERENCHMILITARY
Imposing Fall Ilameuvres of Great
European Armies.
THE TRAINING OF THE MEN.
Mierman Evolutions on the French Border-
Franco Wanes tip—L Von Moltke Story—
Night Manwuvrese- Great Masses of
Troops
UT it is to a chimera
that tome of the nobleab
gentlemen in the world
are bowing down. It is
the price of a miserable
province that the King
ties in diamonds round
his mistress' white neck."
Thus Thaokeray, by a
master stroke of his
graphics pen, summed up
the period of Louis XIV.
" A grander monarch or
more down-tr od d e n
wretch than hie aubjeob you cannot
look on."
Since then France has become a republlo
for a third time, and the away of Pampa.
douse_ over State affairs and public finances
has been relegated to the bank stairs, for all.
time let us hops ; bub the essential features
pf the etbuabioa are to -day es evident, as
glaring and as omnipotent as of yore.
At the time when the American or Eag•
llehmen returns from Ma vacation to onoe
more engage in the dation of his profession
or badness, in the struggle for exietenos, as
it were, the Frenchman, German, Auabrian,
Italian or Ruselen, to mention only the
great nations, divides hie meagre savinga
into two parte, ono to keep his family
while he is away on military duty, the
other to
AUGMENT THE MISERABLE STIPEND
allowed him by the Government during the
period of service, lasting six weeks. He
then joins the flash mob, all brim buttons
and rattling sabres, with its ostentetions
patriotism, well drilled+ loyalty and inher-
ent belief that it represents the nation.
Through his enforced absence from home
his bueinoes may be ruined, he may lege Me
position, or perhaps the chance of Ms life—
who Dares ? On the Continent the indivi-
dual is reckoned first as a satellite to the
.beast of heraldry and the pomp of power ;
he must earn Ma living whenever he finds
himself off duty.
Glorious in regulation field equipment
they oamp in the open under tents sticking
out from their knapsacks while en the
,na.arch, or are quartered with the peasantry
and townspeople, who, if they be willing or
not, must aocommedabo their quota of men
.and horses or pay dearly for being let off.
The Government furnishes bread to the men
and oats to the horses in private lodgings;
and jaded oibizena must de the rest as beat
they can. Except in England this system
prevails in all Europe. In Germany indeed
each tax paper is inscribed with a minnbe
',statement as to the number of men and
beasts that may be billeted on the victim
whose name it bears, and there is a speolal
a mmieeion in each city, town and vil-
'"3sage to look alter the righteous diatribe -
tion of the king's soldiery among the house-
. holders.
CONDUCT OF THE MANOEUVRES.
The manoeuvres of the various armies,
while striving for the same general end—
/ namely; the warlike training of great
oomposibe bodlea—differ from each other in
many mopeds, each leader endeavoring to
everbop the ether in trying new experiments
in the lino of Motion and with new arma-
ments. Germany, Russia, Austria and
Italy have their Kaiser's, Czar's, King's,
Emperor's manceavrea respectively, at whioh
the war lords of these canneries preside,
generally attended by foreign sovereigns or
princes and the military representatives of
friendly nations. The pomp of power, to
which already allusion has been made, is
mere pronounced at these occasions than at
the ordinary mancenvree, but they also
..require, if possible,
MORE ACTUAL HARD WORK
-on the part of the men and engender more
risks for the officers in command, as even a
slight faux peas made in the sovereign's
presence irrevocably calls for immediate
resignation.
A military Frenchman attached to the
oourb of Louis XIV., in dosoribing the
• manoeuvres of Pruasian troops after the
first Silesian war, remarks with eatonioh-
ment that the King (Frederick the Great),
on observing a falee movement by a regi-
ment led by ono of the sovereign princes of
the Empire, called His Royal Highness
',before the front and roundly abused him,
•apostrophizing him as a " jackass," " dolt"
•and " German pig," and winding up with
,such a torrent of invectives that all the
fforeigners,abood aghast with amazement.
Itis only three years ago that Prince
Frederick Leopold of Prussia, first ossein to
the Kaiser, was ordered to retire from the
field during the progress of a cavalry evolu-
tion, in the first part of whioh he blundered.
Neat day he was transferred to the infantry,
and was only reinstated last summer after
winning the first prize in the long distance
raoe of mounted officers between Berlin and
Vienna.
AN ANECDOTE OF VON MOLTKE.
sluttishness and disorderly conduct,'" and
that if ever again they appeared ' half
naked' in the field every mother's son of
them would be degraded to the soldiery of
the second class."
Aside from the Kaiser's, Char's and King's
manoeuvres, alluded bo se separate institu,
bions, annual division, cavalry and fertifioa-
tionexorcises on a more or less large scale
aro common in all European countries,
even in tho petty Sbabea. They require a
tremendous outlay of money and more lives
aro lost in the sham battles on account of
the haat and of overwork than the ofiioial,
records Dare or dare to say. 011he number
of suicides by dtagraoed or disappointed
officers is likewise considerable.
THE GERMAN EVOLUTIONS.
William yesterday (September 2ad)
opened the Kaiser raanmavres of his army
by a review of the eight carps on the
plains that stretch opposite the anoient
Roman town of Troves, on the very spot
where the generale of the Gnats and
governors of Gallia, Iberia and the British
Iolanda were went to hasped their vic-
torious legions.
After going through the customary evela-
tions the army, conetatIng of two divisions,
artillery, pioneer and train formations, all
solid Rhinelauders, marched ahead in the
direction of Metz, where it consolidated on
Sunday wibh the Sixteenth Corps ef Lor-
rainers, which is of equal strength. Whey
will manoeuvre within the limits of the tri-
angle formed by the city of Treves, Metz
and Saarlouls. The programme calla for
special exertions on the pert of the troops
in the line of ascertaining the effect of some
new tactics of the defensive and offensive,
lately introduced in several regiments, but
not yet tried on a more extensive scale.
NIGHT MANOEUVRES.
Furthermore there will be realnlghb man-
mures, aided by portable electric! light re-
flectors and without.
The nighb manoaavre ie a ft'renoh strata-
gem, first tried two years age, but the name
applied by its originators would hardly
seem to be the correct one, inasmuch as
they began operations only in the twilight
of the morning. Emperor William has
graciously adopted the enemy a idea, but
proposes to parry it out in a far more
thorough and businesslike style. The
manoeuvres will close with a grand sham
battle just outside of sauna reaoh of Metz,
when the Kaiser will resume bho role of hie
Labe uncle, the famous Red Prince and con-
queror of thea great forbree.s.
On September 8th ,`the Kaiser reviewed
the Fourteenth and Fifteenth army corps
in Baden; they wilt manoeuvre agabtat each
other from the 12th to the 14th, part of
the time under the eye of the supreme
commander. Their exercises originally were
to continue until September 26th, but the
eoarolby of fodder made it impossible to
carry oat that intention. The Twenty-
alxth and Twenty-seventh (Wurtemberg)
divisions] will tread the warpath a day later
and the Kaiser will see to it that the thing
comes off with proper eclat.
FRANCE AGITATED.
The following anecdote, related to me
years ago by Field Marshal you Ildolbke,
now deceased, will illustrate the proems :
" One evening in delivering a very favor-
able critique at the Travers manceuvroa,"
said the great strategist, "I took 000a-
elon to remark that several men in the
Fourth company of a pertain regiment had
been observed to wear their coat
unbuttoned at the neck, whioh was against
orders. Tho Colonel of the regiment seemed
to take the matter much to heart, and,
galloping off to where his troops were
stationed, as noon au released, summoned
his Lisut.•Colonel, Majora and Capbaim to
tell them that Hie Exoellonoy--that Is,
thyself --had administered to Mm (the
Colonel) a moat stinging rebuke on remount
of the "general untidiness' prevailing in the
regiment. " This state of things must be
reversed air once', he cried, " or none of us
can hold his position a week longer.'
"" The officers, though unaware of any
ahortaomingo ors the parts of their subalterns
or mon, became thoroughly alarmed, and
�rosolved among thomsoivos to stem, out
the " e irit of uncouthneess' forth.
P
with. So meth took his immediate
subordinate to teak, increasing the enormity
of rho alleged offense to suit the individual
wequiremonbs. The oolonel, as you observe,
had magnified myrelnarks
INTO "REBUKE AND THREAT,
charging the whole regiment with untidy -
nem ; the chief ssfficore ()hanged the still
mild terra to unoonthnoss, and when the
matter wee brought before the first lio it
tenants them gentlemen subsbitubed tot
t gross Ordinances and dirty habits' ; the
anon finally wore told bythe sergeants sad
lauh•lioutorkents the field madllhal had been
4 amazed and ehooked' ab their general
French agitation over the action of the
Italian Government, which allowed the
Prince of Naples to make good his promise
to witness the Kaiser manoeuvres in the
Emperor'a enite—he was created a lieuten-
ant -general in honor of the eooasioa—has
detracted attention from the French mamma.
vres this year. They are to be on a load
extensive scale than tuned with respect to
the number of troops employed " en masse,"
but will be as thorough and undoubtedly
as interesting as over. The military leaders
of the grand nation seem to have come to
the very obvions oeucluafon that it is
simply impossible to utilize more than a
certain quantity of men in the field, and that
it is likewise futile to try and compete with
Germany in regard to human material for
army purposes. So they roaelved to devote
all their energies to the training et) the
individual soldier and the steady advance-
ment of eaoh body of troops. The seamen's
programme includes extensive exercises
with the 6.5 millimetre rifle, whioh is to
take the place of the present infantry arms
cavalry long disbanoe rifles, to bring them
up to the German standard of rapid motion,
and several now artillery evolutloaa.
At last year's manoeuvres a remarkable
increase in the marching oapaolby of the
infantry was noted, while their offensive
tactics proved fellaolons, through fall of
theabrioal effect.
FRENCH EVOLUTIONS.
The French mode of attack hem always
expelled in spectacular features by reokleau
naming of troops and its tumultuous couree
of notion, but the era of far-reaching and
perk -flying rifles positively prohibits such
tactics nowadays, Eaoirety new methods
will be tried bleb year. Then there will be
bicycle, carrier pigeon and balloon exercises
on a hitherto unknown raoale, and the sani-
tary force, including physicians, surgeons,
apothecaries, hospital ebowarde, nurses and
doge, will be put to an exhaustive test.
Four army carpe will engage ha the
Austrian Emperor's manoeuvres, from
the 161)h to the 22nd of this
month, in the Eisenberg Cemitat, with
headquarters at Guano, Hungary, when the
Emperor himself assumes supreme command,
with Kaiser Wilhelm ea witness and coun-
cillor, and attended by the Prince of Naples,
representing the third paver of the Triple
Alliance. Inaamuoh as the Ausbro-
Hungarian army la modelled upon the
principles of the Prussian military constitu-
tion, and ae their beetles are about alike,
the exercises will closely resemble those
previously enacted at Metz, except bhat
the forces pitched against each other aro
twice as large.
AUSTRIA'S PROGRAMME.
Emperor Francis Joseph's original order
de bagaille, as it is technically s ,yled,
ordered the army corps of the
Vienna' and Gratz distriobs, with their
Landwehr (reserves), to the field of
action, to oppome an equal number of native
Hungarians, bub the latter had no sooner
heard of it when they raised the cry of
unconstitutionality, claiming that enly the
Austrlan regulars were permitted by law
to enter Hungarian territory, and threaten-
ing to treat the Landwohr as " foreign "
soldiers in case Pianola Joseph insisted on
carrying out his intention. At first the
Emperor showed fight, but anon yielded,
probably because lie has been taught to do
so by adverse olroamsbancos ever singe he
ascended the throne. The Aautrlan rogulara
will be reinforced by Ronvedo during the
manoeuvres.
SOME MAXIMS 01? BOURGET
His Idea of Madera Marriage and the
Ohanoes of Love.
NE of the first
things that M. Paul
Bourget spoke of
upon hie arrival in
New York was the
utoealiby of his
novels. M. Bour-
get studies life ae
he finds ib and
plants truthfully wbab he
(s sees, but there is in oaoh of
tine, 4 his works, viewed in its
ensemble, a plain lesson to
be learned—that these who
wilfally break moral laws must suffer as
certainly as if they had broken natural
Imo. Sin burns no Imes than fire. Here
are a few of his maxima
The happiness of a menand woman whleh
has bean strained by jealonales is like a
pretty face marked by smallpox. The traces
always remain.
Tho meat • indiscreet women aro capable of
the moat righteous indignation when it
domes to passing judgment open their rivals.
Oae may perapereme an std saying thus :
The gotta love a love which. dins young.
When a lover leeks for some way of say-
ing to a woman who lovas him atilt, " I
love thee no longer," without giving her
pain, he is like the man who tried to make
a prisoner look with complacency upon
being guillotined.
"Every women loves one men once in her
life, and the never levee twice.
"There is probably nothing older then
the old coal of a modern young man or a
modern young woman.
"A man is not really cured of a woman
until the day comes when he is net even
carious to know with whom ahs is forget-
ting him.
"The only cure for love is not to love at
all, just as tho only curs fordeath is to keep
on living.
CHANCES OF BEING LOVED.
"I knew a phyeiatan attached to a
woman's hospital who had a wonderful
genius for statistics," said M. Bourget.
"Among other thiuge he applied thin genius
to studying the effaces of maxima callings in
life upon a man's ahanoem of success wibh
the fair sex. He dissevered that men have
chamois of being loved by women in the fol-
Iowing proportions :
Magistrates, lawyers, notar-
ies,. etc 5 chnaeeo in 100
100
Schoolteachers 25 " " 100
College profes-
sors ...... 5
officers'Under captain 90
1 Above captain 5
Painters .............. 80
Sculptors 50
Musicians 10
Architects 50
Tragediansi
.Actors tenors 60
Comedians.... 99
(Clerks 80
Business men{ Floorwalkers 20
Proprietors -. 5
• Journalists 50
Dramatists .- 10
Literary men Novelists ..-. 15
Poets30
Academicians 1
2
,Test Mow Sweet Site Is.
It has been shown by analysis that a
young parson weighing 154 puede is com-
posed of 96 pounds of water, 3 pounds of
white of egg, a little leas than ono pound of
pure glue, 34?� pounds of fat, 8s] pounds of
phosphate of line, 1 pound of carbonate of
lime, 3 ounces of augar and searoh, 7 ounces
of fluoride of calcium, 6 dunces of phosphate
of magnesia and a little ordinary table salt.
Think of it, young man i That beautiful
young lady whom yea worship as a pillar of
unadulterated swootnoss doesn't contain
ehroa ounces of auger.
Peer Miss Nopenny looks miserable."
"" Didn't the sea air agree with her 1" " I
guess so, for aho's neibhor banned nor
freoklcd, and that is walla had made her
almost sink."
Physicians
Pedagogues
Brokers
Bankers
Heads of States, Kings, Presi-
dents, Prime Ministers, Am-
bassadors, etc
1
44
44
44
IC
44
44
44
14
100
100
100
10000
100
100
100
300
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
10
100
100
"I.0,000
WHAT MODERN MARRIAGE IS.
" When modern society has thoroughly
convinced a woman by means of novels,
theatres, music and conversation that there
ie here below no heppineee for her except in
love," he said, " then this name society
calla upon her through the person of %gentle-
man wearing official robot bo satisfy this
unique happiness—for what ? To sacrifioe
it for a man who has seamed himself es he
pleagad for some dozen years, to sacrifice ib
for the hypocrisies, for a coterie of women,
numbers of whom have thcown their " bon-
nets over the witedioilt,' while the rest
would have liked to do sa—and all this to
obey a law mads by legtslators representing
a majerity of fools, nine out of ten of whom
have lamed their lives in denying their own
programme. Stroh is modern. marriage."
.BOUT THE
BI4WNP TRADE.
An Importer Gives Some Information
From the Inside.
e c BO1IttEh5EIi TUE MONKEY.
--
Um Got Tangled lip itt tine Works of an
Electric Car and was Shocked.
The Maple street cars are compelled to
wait ten minutes en each trip ab the water -
alleles end of the line, and often the time
drags very heavily for the motorman and
conductor and the few passengers who
happen to get there early. Bat ib was not
so on 0 trip a . day or two ago, says the
Springfield (Mass,) Union.
When the electric car steppad,an Italian,
armed with a barrel organ epeciallydesignod
for playing " Maggie Murphy's Home,"
" McGinty " and ether operatic eau), its
interlocking and interchangeable addition
being capable of grinding out two rode and
two inches of " Ta-ra-ra Boom -do -ay " in
two fiats and two sharps, opened a fusillade
of very bed music, whilo his right bower, a
South American monkey. proceeded to
climb all over President Olmetead's railing
stock in clearah for pantiles or ether valuable
ooneideratlon.
Of the former he collected four, and, after
making a very pretty' bow he put the pen-
nies in hie mouth ani jumped on to the iron
guard gate. He was there only an instant,
but long enough for some once to conneob a
live wire with r,he Iron gate and loud a
thousand olecbrio chocks a minute into the
thoreughiy mystified and screeching mon-
key.
With the first shook kb cnonkeyship let
go of the gate with his paws, bub clung on
with his tell, until finally he could mot clear
bimaale Ho dropped his pennies and ap:
parentiy took to swearing in kb own
tongue, while his mutter, • unable to pull
him loons, went throitg£r the war deuce of
the Mafia in a very elegant manner. The
electric (ntreat'voe finally broken and the
reunited tractor and meek quickly made
their disappearance.
TRICKS • AND
Front anemia to wine.
Tho spoon craze bas well nigh run its
course. Weinert who boove 100 or 200
spoons of different airtime, stzis and de-
signs .have turned their taaeks ore the fad
and new at lengutelim. But is iiow one is
springing up in its piece ; rou eilijf a fid as
ever tonrprad the aouf abli momae to ex-
travagance. It is the collection of hats
pine. Many of these plos would nerve for
daggers, 'tie trio ; bah the nseluluasee of
the datrcger £s after all circumscribed. It
would perk s:ma bo just as well if bho hist pin
craze were punctured with one of itWs own
weapons.
Pleasant to the n'asee.
"This new soap," said the barber, "is
very nice. It is anode largely of cream,
with just a little clash of alcohol in it,"
" remember, I'nz a temperance
man," returned Uobbors, " and don't pub
any more of it In.nny mouth than you one
help."
On bite Rome Couran-„-Oh, Georgie, dear,
$ read in the paper title morning thea
thousand's of pentacle were lest here yester-
day, Don'tou think we taught End come
of it if ave looked l
ANNOYANCES.
LARGE number of the
diamonds found in the
trade," said a member
of one of the leading
diamond firms of New
'Yank, "dome from the
Cape mines ab the
southern end ofAfrioa.
There are seven or
eight of those mines,
the largest being the
Kimberley, whioh
oovere tomo twenty
acres of land. In the
lash sixteen years
these Caines have
yielded largely, many
fine stones having been found. But Kim-
berley stones—with the exception of the cele-
brated Peter Rhodes atone, whioh weighed
150 aerate in the rough—are not always the
finest quality. Though large (they get
them as high as 300 carats) many of them
are only worth cutting Into smaller !tones.
" India ono° did bub no longer does enter
into trade oonsiderations as a great diamond
producing country. The Brazilian diamond,
though email, is often of a finer quality
than the African or Indian stone. In
Brazil the diamond is nanally found in the
sandy beds of rivers, while the Cape atones
are dug out at a depth of from 300 to 500
feet below the surface earth:
THE BRAZILIAN STONES
are found in a kind of soft, soapy meek
ogled blue earth. Some are elmoet round
while others have eight sides. In weight
they will average from two to ten carats,
comparatively few stones above fifteen
carats being found. This is in the rough.
Cutting reduced them nearly half their
natural size.
" The oarab that I °peek of is ono
peculiar to diamonds, rubies, sapphires] and
opale. A carat ie a trifle ever seven penny-
weights Troy weight.
" Mesb of the Cape stones are sent to
Louden, where they are reshipped to Am-
sterdam and Antwerp, the great cutting
cities. Diamonds are also cub as well in
Maiden Lane as in Amsterdam. In cutting
diamonds there is a general rale that one-
third of the atone should be above the
girdle and two-thirds below it. This pro •
portion is semetimos saorifioed in order to
avoid imperfection in the atone, such as
blaok spate and feathers, and at leash one-
half of the stones are more or lees imperfect.
" AGAIN, THE SIZE AND SHAPE
of a stone in the rough will determine
whether it shall be a single -out, a fail -cub er
a rose -out diamond.
" You may have noticed the many little
planes or aides to a cat diamond. Then are
technically called facets. A single -cub
diamond has eighteen facets and a full -eat
stone has Eby -eight haute, distributed
above and below the girdle in the proportion
I have just mentioned. A small stone will
usually have only the single cut of eighteen
sides. A full -nut diamond is called a bril-
liant, and this term is incorrectly applied
semetimee to Parisian or paste diamonds.
" The third, or rose ant, is given to abeam
which are too emelt and thin for either of
the other cuts. The shape of the rose -out
diamond is peculiar, inasmuch as the atone
Is flab on the bottom and faceted on top, and
you will understand how small the rose -cut
stoma are when I toll you that Hefter) takes
several hundred of them to make a caret
weight. They are very useful, however, In
fitliag corners, etc.
" Apart from the oonaideration I have
noted the diamond nutter is guided by his
own
DISCRETION AND TASTE
in modeling a atone. The operation is sim-
ple enough. Ib is the old saying about
diamond cutting diamond' illustrated.
Tho workman merely rubs one rough
diamond against the other. Than comes
the polishing, which is done by holding the
out atone down against a wheel ;vitiate re-
volves at an extremely rapid rate. In ap-
plying the stege to the. wheel, the cutter
must look out for flaws, or the diamond
will be caught on some rough point and be
ruined in leas than the traditional jiffy. As
to the time taken to cut and pollsh a steno,
ens] outtor will work fast enough bo keep a
dozen poliehera busy, and a good p•t!imher
will polieh about twenty carate a weak.
. " REGARDING THE COLOR
of diamonds," °enthused the speaker,
" there la every imaginable tint, but the
principal trade colera aro the standard
white, the bluish tint, the yellow and the
brown. The white, while the moat vaiaable,
la not alwaya the most brilliant. The
bluiah tint lo a favorite and muck sought
after. The yellow atone la the moot com-
mon, and there be a growing taste for dark
brown, bright yellow or canary, as it is
called, and other natural colors.
" People not acquainted with the die,
mend market abroad cannot comprehend
the difficulties and perplexities that harms
N die/trend buyer. Ho has to be uonetectoty
on the alert for sharp practices, for the per-
sons holding the stook of. diamonds in
Europe are among the shrrowdeet merchants
to be found anywhere, and they not
ONLY WORK IN COLLUSION,
bub play one onstomor against another to
obtain higher prices. They are wonder•feily
given to romanelog, and their etatesnents,
like their goods, are only to be taken after
investiigatlon.
" The diamond merchants abroad do not
grade their goose, bat when a perehemer
mimes along a parcel cottnprteiog good and
indifferent stoam is drown to him anti ho
usually hen to Md for tho whole parcel. The
grading, pairing and selecting la dons for
the American market after the stones have
reached our shore.
" By thio moans a purchaser la com-
pelled t+t bey many goods that he would
not wore he allowed rho privilege of
eeteotlon. Some diamonds rano purchased
are aottnelly sold here at bees than bhcy coat
abroad.
In thin ooiantry bat three grades of
die nondo are really marketable, the arab
beteg rare end exaeptionai germ, the emceed
firm weber goo;te and the third mstst be
above bho at/erase ga.alley salol to Eerie
jos: ins. Faehlon also has sotaiobhing to do in
enhancing bho vacuo of dlemends by ptu.
olatming one day in favor of otto parbionlar.
style of cobttng, or of color, and again
changing a setting in the post of honor to
those whioh had been previously Mooted.
The exports of ten yoara ago would be sadly
puzzled to -clay to snake a selection of firat-
e e,sa diamonds fox the American markob.
Incised, the undo is is diffeese b ono bo caber
to---fnti ofatrnoyanaetl nasi bazmrde, reed
requiring uptciei braining and tinfiaggiug
vigilance,"
Frenkr4V0ro you aatuafly anriiriaed, as
yea said, alien proposed 7 Mey—Yea,
indeed . I roan had all but given you up 1
-Vague. y
FUSE TENtrit Adis iMilffllleit.
ArtIlelal Teeth Are g9 Ekesr► Mimi Nobody
Need be Teotielese.
" We sold 1,000,000 more false teeth lash
year than we ever disposed of before in a
twelvemonth," said the manager of the
greatest dental supply establishment in the
world to a reporter yesterday. " don't
imagine that it was because people are
losing their teeth mere rapidly now than
heretofore, although it is unquestionably
the ease that the enduring quality of the
human chewing apparatus has become pro.
groutivoly lees from generation to generation
to this oountry.
4" It is mere the fashion now than it
has ever been in the past to wear false
teeth, partly for the reason that the publfo
has come to realize what excellent
substitutes they are for real ones, and
partly owingto the fast that toobhtessnese
mashes musmore disgust than ib diel in
old times, when such an afdlotion was com-
monly observed and was regarded as nem
voidable.'
" ie very rare to soon person nowadays,
whether o man or a woman, vielbly die -
figured by the absence of teeth. Anybody
whose grinders fall out will, in nearly every
case, go to a dental surgeon and imamate
artificial mean. They don't Dost mush.
You can get a complete double set from $16
to $75. Probably a fashionable dentist
will charge you the latter prise.
Ilia margin ef profit is consider -
%hie, inaemuah as the teeth themselves coat
only from fifteen to eighteen cents apiece.
Whey are made of peroelain, of kaolin
usually, baked 1n an oven.
"For the plates the material beet) ap-
proved is rubber. The handsomest plates
are made of celluloid, and they have the
advantage of lightness In weight, hut the
celluloid does not react well the acids with
which it acmes into contact in the mouth.
Aluminium has been tried, but it is affeoted
by vinegar and sett ae well as by other sub-
stances that are eaten, the result being the
development of a salt of aluminium which
is thought to be hilarious to the system.
" The enamel of artificial teeth is com-
posed of metallic oxides, and the finishing
processes to which they are subjeoted are se
delicate that no two teeth produoed can he
made exactly alike in point of coloring.
Among all the hundreds of bhouaauda of
teeth which we keep in stook probably no
two would match to absolute perfec-
tion. But those that are moat nearly
alike are pub togebher so that the eye
of nobody but an experb would detect
any difference. After all natural teeth
exhibit marked dissimilarities in any indi-
vidual
" It does net de to make false teeth look
too handsome, feat they appear unnatural,
and dental surgeons commonly carry their
imitation of nature so far as to make teeth
in many t.nslanocss look more or less defea-
tive, the better to carry out the deception.'
TESTS FOR INDIA BERBER.
Row Bassist. Ascertains the Qualities of
This Valuable Article.
Tao Remote!' Navy Department has
adopted the following rules for testing the
quality of vntoanized rubber : 1. Indiarub-
ber shoals nob give the least sign of super-
ficial snicking whoa bent to an angle of 180
dogoses Miser five hours of exposure in a
Cloned air bath to a temperature of 125 de-
grees C. The test•pieoes should be 2.4
inches !Mak. 2 Rubber that does not con-
tain more than half its weighb of metallio
oxides should seretah to five times its
length wt+ltonb breaking. 3. Robber free
from ail foreig+a matter, except the sulphur
used in vutaauiziug it, should stretch to at
least (overt times i length withonb rupture.
4. Suppleness may be determined by mea-
suring tee percentage of ash formed in in-
aineratioa. 5. Vulcanized rubber should
not mar. ea ander cold.
Ontario Fruit in. Australia.
The fell -.wing letter, among many re-
ceived by Commisi.tener Awrey, shows how
the fa ate of Ontario liar been spread to the
farthest end• of the earth through the
median of her display ab the World's
Columbian Erpeoition:
MALVERN COLLEGE, Victoria,
Australia, July 27th, 1593.
OpIC iMsnsEe.
Here Aro s: Few Ideal# (o iAttow Vag
ere Limited.
We gain our experience of bice WPM
through our senses. Man is born with in -
tolled, and through the senses that intelleati
is trained. The newborn baby possesser
Already some knowledge of touch acquired.
before birth, and this knowledge he atter-,
wards rapidly expands by aonetantly feel-
ing his body over and over, as if in explora-
tion of unknown territory. Later he ac-
quires the faculties of hearing and soefngN
and likewise of tooting and smelling. New,
says the " Popular Science Menthly,'r
these senses, five in number, are
they whish train the intellect. They
are all very imperfect. Sight : but the
greater part of, the solar epeotrum is in-
visible—that is • to say, more rays
which dome to us from the sun are invisible,
than those whish our eye can see, Hearing:.
but there are sounds so low and sounds set
high that they are inaudible. Tebbe and.
smell ; very imperfect. Tonoh : but there
are miiliona pf pertioles of dust to the.
square inoh of the hand whish we carnet•.
feel. Yet even with these imperfect means
of education, many men have reached the
conclusion satisfactory to themselves
that they are clever ; bub the wiseab man
knows nothing in oomparieon with palates
wisdom.
The whole of the known universe consist
of matter In motion. All these ideas, every-
thing we know of the outside world, come,
to us through motion. The motion seta up
a movement be the nerve ending, on the.
skin, on the retina of the eye, or where-
ever the proper ending capable of receiving
the particular motion may be aiteabed.
This motion is carried from the nerve,
ending along the nerve to the special
cetera! organ of the brain where it la
interpreted. Light, sound, touch, taste
and smell are the only forms of motion we
are capable of appreci.ting, because for
such of these forms of motion we have ei
special apparatus which can receive,
transmit, interpret. There are other former
of motion which we can not appreciate—
magnetism, for example—and .this simply
because we have no nervous mechanism.
whioh responds to that kind of motion. In
like manner there can exist around no foram
in infinite variety of which we have abso-
lutely no knowledge whatever,
N. Awrey, M. P. P., Commissioner for the Pro-
vince of Ontario, World's Columbian
Exposition :
DEAR SIR,—I have read some reports of the
excellent display of fruit shown at the exhibi-
tion by your Province, and am anxious to
obtain the names of the choicest kinds of
plums, strawberries, gooseberries, currants,
cherries and pears, together with the addresses
of reliable growers from whom I can purchase
the plants, and who can be depended upon to
pack carefully. Any information you can
furnish me wi co on the most approved methods
of preserving and packing fruit, together with
the particulars of improved machinery for
manufacturing strawberry and fruit baskets,
boxes and crates, etc., would be greatly appre-
ciated by tie. I0 the firms exhibiting would
send me their printed pamphlets, giving
varieties and Prices, it would greatly assist
me. Please excuse my troubling you so much
but my great desire is to obtain, the latest and
best information on the above subjects, in
which your Province appears to occupy such
an honorable position at the World's Fair.
Awaiting anxiously the favor of a reply, 1 have
the honor to remain, sir, your obedient servant,
WILLIAM RgI:D.
Kindly address reply care of C. T. Alexander,
Esq. Center Road, East Brighton, Victoria,
Australia.
Tim
aka:rant Legalities.
Before 1866 thorn wee no trial by jury in
Russia.
" legal fence " has been defined in
Kentuisey as 134r4 rtaat ie " pig tight, horse
high and bee assroag."
The nae of torture in legal proceedings
woe pereeleslhle to Austria until well within
the preemie os] t.lair t.
Tho tight of u. , •soused to appeal to the
trial ht nirsgle e. 'aahal; wlrh the aoeueer was
nen fur:.tolly r,,p-sled in Eoglandeared 1819,
(thou ;t; of cons-.• i • 1»y n dead letter,
Tee Legiota or. of J 'mien,, to pub down
bho " ottoman " practise, has passed a law
anttiorizfaig tansy tnflten„n of 36 lashes on
porsona imeorkb• el of preotioing the black
art :had 16 iaehet en airy Doe found con
emitting an ahead” man.
Beier° tho.neer parliamentary legislation
turning them over to the charities com-
miseiouers the London guilds enjoyed—and
gonert:ally wasted—incomes ranging from
the Mercers' annual $415,000, the Drapers'
$390,000 and the Goldsmiths' $220,000
down.
It'itaking a Start.
Cioverton—Getting fat, ain't yen 7
1)nsheway—Yes, I am taking on a little
flesh.
Ctiverbon—Wall, yon'll have to be care-
ful of yoursolL. I would advise you to eat
less elan you Crave boon.
Dim iIppawim.--Tater, old (bap, why don't
yon sale mo cut to dinner with you 7
very Angry.
Clara-•Woren'b you angry when he kismet
you?
Maud --Indeed I was.
Clara—And did you maks him apologize 7
lei xnid—1 she tisi say I did 1 I made btm
apologize tit time t.
S Perl`eot lLinenoss"
Ar bleb—Mho 13rownia-Brown-Brown, who
ie ba marry a pririd5t, wet a'b, let us have her
phots-0greph for publication.
Editor—She won't eh! Tell the foreman
to use ono of those cuts labeled " Before
Taking." '
deERINTOE LOVELINESS.
Stories of the Empress of Austria and u
Brazilian Belle.
At a recent dinner ab which several
diplomats were present the ever-ferbit° Rabe
jest of beautiful women came up, and, as
usual, evoked many comments, critbelama
and memories of past beauties as compared
with the belles of the present day, says a
writer in the New York Tribune.
"Who is the moat beautiful woman you.
have ever seen ?" was asked of the minister
to —, who has grown gray in the ser-
vice and had lived in every large town ittt
Europe.
"Unquestionably the Empress of Austria,"'
he replied, without a moment's hesitation.,
" Of course I speak of the time when she
wan younger and happier than she is now.
I remember well the first time I saw her.
We were all aesembled in a large salon of
tee mei eee,when some heavy velvet portieres
were suddenly drawn back and she appeared
surrounded by her ladies. It was like se
veritable fairy scene. I suppsae I waayouag
and feolish and impressionable, bub—what
a vision of lovelineme I thought her ! She
was dressed in violet, with something &a-
toning all over it, and I took it all in at a
glance—her regal figure and carriage, her
magnificent eyes and the superb coronet of
hair which she wore plaited as one sees even
now iu her pictures. She spoke most gra-
ciously to me, a youngster, and ib was teen
and tnere that I became her slave and shelf.
be till I de !"
" Well," said ono of his listeners, " 1:
never eaw the Empress of Austria, bat I
have a picture he my mind thab I would nob
like to lose. My beauty was a Brazilian
who had lived is Paris most of her Lie.
She was too perfect in looks to require any-
wise, I suppose, for I mast confess she was
rather Mislaid ; ban it suited her style to
be apathetic and indifferent. One evening
my angel was emoking a oigerotte and a
spark fell on her light mustiu gown. See
only said : " Look, sten anal, my dress is
on tire ; pray pat me out,' and I really fele
grateful to her for nob jumping up and,
ccreuming as most women would, thus shat-
tering my Ideal cf :the absolute calm and
restfulness of her great beauty."
1E ACK CRUDITES TO GARGLE,
And if Attached by Diphtheria They May
map Eight Against it.
A. physician in a paper en diphtheria
urges upon parents the importance of
reaching children to gargle at an early age,
and mentions the feat that during an epi-
demic of the disease in his city ho taught
hia baby girt, only a ltttie more than 2'
years old, to gargle as well as her 9-yeer-
old brother, rind kept up thepractice regular.
ly, three times a dey,tt;rougooub the proven
lance of the disease, This is ono of the smell'
pointe in keeping with the tendency of the
ego, which is toward preparation and pre-
vention rather these relies. None, psrhums,;
except physicians and nureos, mean! the
°tataoles which obstinate and spoiled.
ohildren make of themseivea in cases of
illness, and the helpless mother who stands
by with her despairing " he Won't take it
and I can't slake him," sada to the hope-
Jeanie/so of the sitnaoion. A child who is
otd eneugh to understand what is said to
him is nos too young to learn that he mese
do Iiia stare in the .fight for recovery when
otcknees assaile him.
me sums paper etetes 'that ib fa a
noticeable fano that a much larger num-
her of girls have diphbherla than boys,.
aecribing as a printable cause that girlsas ra
rule spend more !ewe indoors than boys.
Whichohctat& be another note of warning
to mothers, and cause ohm oftener to tura
the girls out of doors eater aches! bouri
than is dons.—New York Tdnaes.
Nationalities in Austria.
Foreigners aro wont to olasetfy Austria
among the German countries. As a matter
of fact her Gorman speaking population is
but limltad, and annually toeing ground.
The increase in population among the Ger•
man inhabitants of Austria is but 5.17 per
thousand per year ; the increase with the
Italiana in Austria is 5,92, and with the
Slavonic rases 7.93, Of 100 marriageable
women in the German districts 41 find
husbands; among the Stavonio races bh per
tentage 1e 52. Oae of the reasons for -thin
showing is thee in the Gorman dietriota of
Austria the economic management of affairs
is almost prohibitory to marriage among
the younger some and daughters of the:
peasants. The homestead goon to bha eldeets
sen, whose brothers and deters become his,
servants. Among the Sieve the family pro-
perty is squally divided among all chil-
dren after the death of the father, and wait
one le allowed to begin housekeepingg on ihirer
own hook,
Margery --Why do you keep on tor
fusing Jeek 7 Yen say you hove hint.
Emma—Oh, he has such a auto way of pro
posing 1