The Goderich Signal-Star, 1969-09-04, Page 3{
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The first , weather forecasts in
Canada provided exclusively for
farmers were sent out in 1890
by an enterprising Director of
• the Meteorological Service, Mr.
Charles Carpmeal.
Mr.- Carpmeal had the
ingenious idea that weather
forecasts advising farmers in
their . plgwing, seeding,
cultivating and harvesting
• operations could he publicized
by having a banner with the
forecast printed on,.attached to
the side of railway cars, that
farmers ,could see as the train
went by.
The Grand Trunk Railway
• first carried ,these forecasts,.
which were depicted by the
following legend: a Full Moon
meant fine weather; a Crescent
Moon meant showers, and a
Star meant thunderstorms and
rain. All the farmers foi miles
M around were pleased with. the
service, and Mr. Carpmeal
counted it as a great success.
Now, almost eighty years
later, David Pallett, an
Agriculturist with the Ontario
Department of Agriculture and
Food, with the direct
co-operation of the Canadian "
Weather Service, goes into the
Weather Office at Toronto
International Airport each
morning of the April to October
growing season, and prepares
two special weather forecasts for
• farmers. These are distributed to
radio stations in South West
Ontario at 6:30 and 11:30 a.m.
,Each station then puts the
forecast out in its own news
bulletins. •
The communication facilities
• available to David ,Pallett are far
more advanced than the Grand
Trunk Railway train available to
Mr. Carpmeal. But the idea of
the broadcast weather reports is
.exactly the same. By providing a
weather forecast that is geared
to farmer's needs, David Pallett
and all those involved in the
dissemination of the Farm'
Weather Bulletins hope to
provide inforthation which will
help the farmer in his every day
agricultnrar decisions.
Each bulletin contains a„
description of the current
weather pattern and a forecast
of ., weather ..conditions with,
icular relevance to
->r
a 5 lture. The:: tiu'lleti''ns 'also
contain other information and
advice based on the weather
, • pattern concerning farm
psuch' as crop. s
operations,p tiger,
or planting hints, for example.
Any unusual items - such as an
expected frost° or rain ,are also
included and planting, haying,
harvesting; and irrigation factors
'are taken into consideration.
A typical day in - David
Pallett's work begins:._ with a
climatological worksheet being
. filled with information on
maximum, minimum and .24
hour precipitation- for Southern
e Ontario. 'Next, and very
important 'in the weather
bulletins, information is
collected and recorded from
Extension Specialists,
Agricultural Rrepresentatives,
and Research Scientists,
concerned both with weather
conditions .and agricultural
developments in different areas.
Critical weather , factors
relating to crop conditions are
then discussed with the
Supervisor of forecasting, after
which the, bulletins for the two
separate areas which receive
them are ' finalized. At 11:15
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'OPENING SOON
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S T U,D I 0
Specializing In ...a
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524-8787
118 St. David
Goderich
iS
�ortc�nce of weather
4.13
a.m. the forecasts are relayed by able to work out from this some
telephone to CBE in Windsor, way to predict when, and to
CHIC in `Brampton and other what extent, successful
stations where they are.recorded cultivation can take place.
and eventually broadcast out. While there are a number of
Two major areas are at centres which record daily
present covered by -these temperatures and. precipitation
forecasts. Area One contains the levels throughout the province,
counties of , Essex, Kent, there is only one full fledged
Lambton, Middlesex, Elgin, Reference Weather Station in
Oxford, Brant, Norfolk and the province, situated tit the
Wentworth, while Area -Two University of Guelph.
encompasses York, Peel, Halton, . A Reference Station is • one
Waterloo, Perth, 'Wellington, that carries a "full. range of
Huron, Dufferin, Simcoe, Grey equipment for measuring all
and Bruce. :Three Three Niagara aspects of the Weather. While it
counties, Lincoln, Haldimand, does not have the electronic
and Welland are. served cotnplexity of a primary
separately from Hamilton. Weather Station such as the one
Behind the basic messages, at Toronto International
which may 'run for only a Airport, it does record far more
minute and a half, an enormous data than the Climatological
range of technical and electronic stations recording °temperature
equipment is being used to make and precipitation, of which there'
these and other forecasts as are over two hundred..
accurate and comprehensive as The equipment used at the
possible. Guelph Weather ...Station
Weather Satellites circle the ° included a hygro Thermograph
earth' continually relaying T.V.
pictures back to a computer in
the Satellite Data Laboratory.
The computer reproduces these
as weather pictures used - in
forecasting. A staff of trained
meteorologists and associated
personnel; two -hundred and
fifty first class" observers
reporting continually from
across Canada; 2,500 volunteer
climatological watchers, and '
50,000 miles of communication
lines,. handle available
observations of weather •
conditions. All these factors
contribute to Trans Canadian
Weather Forecasting of which
Ontario's Farm Forecasts are a
part.
But there are some difficulties
in agricultural forecasting. One
of them, says Mr. T. L. Wiacek,
Officer in Charge of the Toronto
Weather Office, is that proper
dissemination of the ' farm
forecasts to wider areas is
impeded because broadcasts
cannot be sent directly to all
radio stations. Because the need -plays a large part in the accuracy
for such forecasts is limited only of the farm forecasts.
to agricultural areas, the main Ditvid• Pallett believes that this
wire services; find it, impractical • type of `problem -oriented'
and expensive to convey the weather research is ° vital to far
forecasting and thinks there is a
strong need for more reference
stations 'of the type found at;
Guelph.
So while forecasting may not
yet be as accurate, nor as
comprehensive as it could be,
there is a growing weather
service being made available- to
farmers all oyer South Western
Ontario. Each ' furrier should
find out when his station
broadcasts its Farm Weather
Bulletins; learn to pe 'the
information given best
advantage, and by so doing,
assist in the making of farming
less susceptible to the
unexpected hazards of the
weather.
In the United States, for
example, there is a national
program of farm weather
forecasting, with the
Department of Agriculture and
the Department of Commerce,
Weather Department,
co-operating to disseminate news
for agriculturists all over the
country 'and, conguct surveys 'of
user requiremenLs to improve
their service. The Canadian
program is less advanced making
`feedback' more difficult.
In spite of this there is strong-:
evidence to show..that the farm
weather forecasting done at the
moment is meeting* with
considerable success and is being
wily' well received by farmers
Who obtain it. There have been
many letters and calls in
appreciation of the . service being
performed. Also; one
questionnaire that was sent out
recently showed that the service
was heard and clearly
--under-stood----in -many--he
Southern Ontario.
But David Pallett is still not
satisfied. "I just wis•h I_could tell•
to measure humidity and
temperature; a Campbell -Stokes
sunshine recorder, showing the
hours of sunlight each day; an
Eppley Pyranometer to measure
the intensity of the sun's
radiation; an instrument to
gauge the wind speed at 2' and
another at 33', a DeWitt Dew
Recorder which measures the
overnight dew, and a Funk Net
Radiation Recorder which
measures the difference between
radiation coming from the sun
and that from the soil. There are
also two types of rain gauges, a
snow gauge and a
max im•um-minimum
thermometer..
The weather records from the
station, which was established
through the work of Dr. K. M.
King, Department of Soil
Science, are published weekly by
the Agrometeorology Section,
University of Guelph .and
forwarded to the Meteorological
Office in Toronto at the end of
each month. This information
farm forecasts all over the
province. There simply is not
room. _op the, wire for, such a
specialized need.. Thus weather
cbnditioz s : R .agticutural ear,
have to be conveyed from area
to area by telephone or tape
recording and this limits the
areas -,o which they can be sent.
Another problem is that ' of
• `feedback'. In specialized
forecasts such as these," it is
important to know the type of
information a farmer or district
needs. At present, separate radio
stations can guess at the reaction
they get to such broadcasts, but
proper knowledge of what is
required is still hard to obtain.
All personnel with the
• Ontario De, partrnent. of
Agriculture and Food, who are '
involved with the Weather'
Program should try to get some
, introductory training. A new
network of agrometeorological
obgerving stations should be set
up. A more accurate and
• economical method of data
collection, with the farmers
participating, should be
established.
There are several
Agrometeorological programs at
present going on at the Elora
Research Station., designed ' to
correlate with the special farm.
weather .forecasts. of David-
Pallett. Dr. T. J. Gillespie,
pepartment of Soil Science,
University of Guelph is presently
engaged in a study of
`leaf -wetness'. Damp conditions
can •- cause severe fungi to
develop on leaves and plants and
Dr. Gijlespie is experimenting
with an instrument that will
measure t le wetness or eaves
and record the results. Attached
to the recording chart is a special
thermometer. Dr. Gillespie, by
finding out the temperatures
during damp conditions, hopes
in time to be able' to predict
when wet weather will arrive,
how damp this will cause leaves
to become, and for how long a
wet spell will last.
Dr. D. M. Brown, also of the
Department of Soil Science, is
conducting a similar program to
determine how soils dry in the
spring, arid how tractionable
they ..._ become. He hopes to be
PEACHES
LSALINE
ORCHARDS
PHONE 524-7772
4 <'
all the people what is going on
here," he said. "Many farmers
still don't realize how.much they
could improve their farm
performance by paying more
attention to the weather and
planning for it accordingly. I
want all the farmers to know
there is this service available,
where they can go to get it, and
how they can best use it to their
own advantage." He added how
important it was for farmers to
let the radio stations know how
useful forecasts were, and the
type of information that they
most needed ' for " their
operations. '
At his office in Brampton,
David ,.receives many calls from
farmers who have heard the
broadcast, and need more
information based on what they
have heard. He is glad this
happens and believes there are
several things that could be done
to improve the forecasting,.
.program so more farmers would
participate.
Garden Hints
F LOWERING' PLANTS.
Many flowering plants benefit.
from the removal of dead
flowers, say horticulturists with
the Ontario Department of
Agriculture and Food.
Faded and dying rose
blossoms should be trimmed off
to prevent seed setting. In so
doing, energy is directed into the
production of new growth and
more blossoms will occur later in
the season.
Hardy phlox - that have
flowered should have their heads
removed. Again, this prevents
the formation 9f seed and
promotes a second crop of
flowers.
' To keep annuals blooming for
a longer time, remove faded
flowers. Otherwise the growth of
young buds is checked by
developing seed pods, and no
further flowers will develop.
NEW
Upholstery Shop
OPENING
SEPTEMBER 15
ODDS 'N' ENDS SALE OF
WORK BOOTS
WE SPECIALIZE IN ALL YOUR GARDENING NEEDS
Wide Range Of WORK CLOTHING and WORK SHOES
POWER TOOLS and HARDWARE
Complete Line Of FARM FENCING NEEDS
DAVE GOWER'S
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Hamilton Street ' .524-8761
G0DERICf 81ONAL S.FAll+,, TUU $DAyf, S
Record Iivestod,k entry
expected. at Western fair
A record livestock entry will
parade .before visitors at the
1969 Western Fair, Sept. 5 to 13
in London.
An increase of some 65
individuals head is reported, for a
total this year of 1505 animals.
Dairy cattle again lead in
quantity of entries, boasting 468
animals, an increase of nearly 50
per cent from 1g68. Beef cattle
show a hike .from 248 to 275,
and horses from ° 230 to 243,
Swine classes held steady at 225
head, while sheep show a
substantial 5Q per cent decrease
to 106 animals.
The livestock activities at the
Western Fair are second only to
the C.N.E. in terms of quality
and diversity. A full schedule of
events will run throughout the
entire nine days of the fair,
commencing with market Steer
judging Sept. 5. Other highlights
include judging of market'sheep
and swine Sept, 6, sheep, swine
and beef judging Sept.'" 8, and
dairy cattle join the line-up with
sheep and swine Sept 9 and 10.
Horse shows are scheduled for
each of the nine days.
Other agricultural.activities of
interest include poultry and goat
judging' Sept. 6, commercial
beef, sheep and swine sales Sept.
6 and Sept. 11,- junior farmer
"competitions also on Sept. 11
and the Middlesex County Dairy
Princess competitions in the
Ontario Arena Sept. 12.
NEW HOURS
Commencing Fri. Sept. 5th
Brewers tail
Goderich
Will Be
Open to 9 p.m.
Fridays Only
Operated by Brewers Warehousing Co. Ltd.
EMBER 4, 19'9 a
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524-9531 "
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Phone 524-9287
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