Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Exeter Times, 1891-5-21, Page 6AGRICULTURAL. Some Practical Points Coueected With Tank Supply. In. r!;0,ent paper reed before the Epi - Plat 8 raanted with potatoes eut quar- ters through the seed end. Yield a lerge potatoes, tl.rkpounde ; small, 132 pownle ; total yie1d7199 pounds; =Gent of seed planted, 41 pounds ; increase 358 Pounds' Phst 9 planted in potatoes cut in ball throup the seed end. Yield of large pota- emologteal Somety of London, En, Mr. toes, ...78 pounds ; small, 192 pounds.; total Shirley F. Murphy, Medical Officer a yield, 470 pounds ; amount of seed planted, Health to the London County Come% and 8 paunds ; tuerease, 388 pounds, Sanitery Director esi the Dairy Supply As- Plat 10, planted with whole potatoes, eocietiou, London, dealt with many import- Yield of large potatoes, 233 pounds; yield ant pointe a practical eenitery interest in a smell potatoes, 252 pounds; total yield, commotion with the subject of healtby , 485 pounds; amount of seed planted, 104 nroductian and milk distribution. The pounds; increase 321 pounds, milk supply needs ca,re and supervision It will be seen that the yield increased as berate' leims if not snore, than tlae water the size of the pieces planted increased, not, supply s Aral the publie eannot he tee often however, in exact ratio. It evill also be no - treed that the rate of increase of large pota- toes was less than that of the small ones. Especially is this noticeable in the chenge from half potato to whole potato seed; in this bistance there is an actual decrease in the amount of large potatoes of 16 per cent. while. the increase of small potatoes le 31 rem. e warned of the dangers con- nected with it. In Englieli exchanges re. ports of outbreaks of typheid and scarlet fevera,nd diphtheria from infected milli are quite common. Dr. Ernest liarts the taleeted editor of the British Medical Jour- nal, at a recent London Congress submitted an abstract smug, in tabular form, par- per cent, and the total increase is only ticulers of 71 recent epidernies, due to in- three per cent. feted milk, that have been recognized and The increase of plat 8 over plat 7 is— male the subject of detailed observation in large potatoes 13 per cent; small potatoes Great Britain. In Canada they may be , 38 per sent; total increase 22 per cent. Imre common tban is apparent, AS hereInereaee of plat 9 over piat 8 ss—large pa- diere in not the eyetem of inepectiontatoes 12 per cent; small potatoes 26 per which is exereseed In England. Be. cent ; total inerease 18 per cents sides, outbreaks of infectious daeases Plat 10,planted with whole potatoes, re - many other diseases of the human or- quires] 164 pounds of seed, which, being de - pease, especially of infante., such as d diarrheas, tuhereulosis and numerous dis- ordered states, are caused by bad milk. In the stipe.rvieioa of Milk dairies there are Many pAliOtE to eolleidered : the health and 4:audition of the gate, and even her 14s.torys fcr CAW may aptto to be in excellent eoutlitiou for months and yet be affeeted "leittuberculosis, the infective built', help liseaverable in the milk : then the housing. The elemdiness, dryness, cubic speee ad entiletiou of the entitle, and the /surround. ing condition,: the food, of the cow and the water she is supplied with ; the condition as to eleenleaess, eee., of the udder and the milher's hands juee Itefore the milking pro. Cess; the CASS, etraitters aud other vessels and the cooling and after care that the milli shall not absorb infectiorts or impurities; that there be ZIO eASeS of infeetious disease aesoeiated in may way. with the feintly of the dairyman or milk dealers or vendors. Valuable human life mey.be sacrificed for want of proper supermeion in counectien with. all these (Barone precedures directly asteeiatell with the pubis milk supply. in the obey.) neaued paper and in another by De. Alexanaer Breee (Prof. in Auder- mat's Col.Seltetile—pub. in Glattgow Senitery Jr.) the following suggestmee PEN PICTURES OF PRISON. The Convict's Life Of Weary Toll and Sorrow, Patti/wide Sidlies Behind tbe cars—In the vforkslop---The Melancholy march to a SolitarT Meal. Life in a peuitentiary Few outside of those who have undergone Re horrors know what it is like. The old method of palish - anent, of solitary confinement in A dungeon cell, in darkness and in chains, has been superseded by a form of imprisonment, much less terrible outwardly, but the bettering ef the external coalition of prisoners ha e not rendered cordinethent behind the bars any. thing that is no longer to be dreaded. A glircipse into the life of a prisms will satisfy any ono that ibis a Deux ROVED Or WEARINESS ANO SORnOW. We are in a centralretunda, or great open room, of a big prison, looking out from which, through a partition of hea.vy verti- eal bars, elosely placed, we ere rows epee rows of cell -doors, which like great stacks of swallow holes, rise tier above tier. The cells de not look out upon, the dayliglite but on the inside light of a ecirridor for each uctedfromthetotal ylehl,leaves an merease one constitutes a bnikling in itself. They 321 /teasels, or 67 pounds lees than p1At9, are empty UOW. The convicts are at work -which was planted withpotatoes cut behalf. be the shons—the Icing two -storied b.1 thi5se ibe ate/eased side wee not brlek building that we may also see from enteegh to overeeme the ineremsed amount of tbo eeutral rotunda, acme an empty Yard, seed required. In the narrow sells are bunks, coarse teenunenteg itwin this experitneet; blankets, pl!4n bedaing, ehaireeperhaps a rector Sanhure eaya: rookingmleur—and upon the thick white - To tee above data senesnea by peeeeesee WADS are alinele always to be found Richman, I wilt add the average of seven heiele, knecire aud cheap colored *tome years' experiment ever]; by the writers oet and eclvertieeinents, put up in a meleneholy college twins of two Seats of the East, ;attempt to make things look "elieerful," Theseresults are in aecord with recorded I Here is A very Thltiactic sight, It ie the results of A trial on the private farm of the 001 of a ITEM of etineetioe and cultivation writer, and with many unrecorded eesulta who in his eanerecas to become quiekly rich, ef inemotimetom wise here conducted trials bettento a forger, awl now he is A convict at set-eral experlinent etatione. Tbere seems Ile had, befits youth, learned to paint, and to be little occasion to doubt that light seed- here is a eAUYES$ On a rude mad, upon which tug for the potato crop is followed by a far he hes been, OeCIAPTing bis spare time in smeller crap thee the ASA of large seed Prison. It is a landscape, with a riverbank, would givea copse of trees, a meadow, and beyond a Average produet per acre for seven yeare Allege, with the church spire rising high. —prom keed of whole potatoes, large, 44,1 The MAU is produciug twin memory A itong bnebete eann seed of whole potetees, male remembered SOMA (Anil boyhood, and, in A pee bushels; teem seed of stem end of rota, narrow evil of a great prison, where nothing tee MS bushels ;from seed of seedend ofputato green or growing le to be seem and where heeled of six years). Ns bushel; teem Que livei among teloue, ho spende his tintein ev ta a 81 bushels ; from two exesto the picturing a lends -tape which breathes tune - ,I04 linehela; from three eyes to the hill, eenee and freedom. ' tetehele- Tire cofevicr (mum. manoraget otherappear :—No nettle* putts Value Pe= are at 59 4"2/11"pn bushel—, But let us look at the convicts them- ehteeeti anima eliould lie atimitted ZOO the Flom large potatees, S112.50 ; elnast eeives. w e find them in their worioilep; mew -shed until it has beeu eubjeeted to este petetece teetl.50 ; from stem ewe, .7;44; irom eeth guards 0"4,01zing them. They are enenties erratantiue, heingenilked only by a eeed end, Sdl ; from elle eye, -1O.50; freni in a dress of deli, coarse cloth marked with pereon who deee not come into contact with two eyes, S.12 ; from three eyes, O. stripe% Their caps and short jackete have the rest of the herd, and if any odder tater trials stith seed cut lengthwise or a difautti jauntiness about ftem, which their dievase break ant in the herd, Isolation the potato ehowed tint the system was the loose, straight trouttere do not posses& tho del at once be carried out. Cows He most economical of any tried. Good sized Tbese clothee bring the convicts down to a eon di in their owat e eerement, a teeth eoet potators may be c It 1enthwise tute tbree certain reeemblance to a moth mailer or being put on each day, decomposition or four pieces. Neither ono or two eyes, Kano gre.esque or gigantie inseet. They takee place, and this gums en for mouthe. nor tne semi, nor the stem end of Potatoes seem w reduce the man to his lowest terms, There tire two remediee given for this should be need for planting. concealing any beauty or grace his body eoutliiion, with plan of steble floor. These Experiments made by the Ohio statiea may Imre, and rendering Ins appearance are at make the floor of the stall from t e are in eeneral aecord with the foregoing. baleful to the man himself. trargh to the channel the eeact length of i the eow's hedy ; (2) make the channel or Texas Cattle ms Blilloelts. . Nearly all the men have on air as if they , despised these cluthes and 'uttered within floor bask of the etall part, from 0 to 8 A. *.tssete leveller lately SOW a train loto them. weeks being a bulge of their ser,,.., inehes lower, so that the exerement shall of well finished vattle for *5.40 at East St. itude and a murk of their memo, they have be .mite out of reach of the eowei quarters lesuis—equal to about six cents per pound a „moue., unplemehtnese and even revue, when ,elie lies down. If, in addition. live weight in Clikago. He was eangrata SiVelieSS of their own. Some of the men the ihrer iu the stall be covered ulated, of ceurs.e, but replied: "Gentle. are at work, at harnessonalriug, Dame at witheleau ;envoi mal the portion near the men, I eitall never stall feed ag tin. 1 (Ian cabinet -malting, some at gilding; the (nen- channel renewed night and morning, there raiee the steers with profit really for finish- nations are various, Most of them Appear ie no pozeible Oxalate of the soiling of the lug, but 1 ell:al let you people in the corn listless and ineleuebely and work in a dull, eow's quarters and -adder. Then, tee cow's . nitwit tinielt thein hereafter. Yon eau do epiritless way. A few others wore:nervously udder ehould be carefully cleansed thrashed so very much cheaper than I, and we man eee hurriedly, as if they killed the tbne or wiped) before the operation of milking, bothmake a profit.' i better in that way. Ilut there is no end "what is most important of all," the The facts relating to this story come from ' cheerfulnees in the work of either kind. jailker should wash hishands after themillt- Iron. John M. Pearson well known as a ntg ot each cow, or at least, as in Denmark, farmerand legielator, =las havingoecupied liter every second cow. In this way, should. other high official positions in Illinois. The udder disease attack one cow, there is less fact of these Texan cattle lumina broil ht zm eisnaseenorx eatneit To enteas. There is nothing more melancholy, in a deeger of the disease spreading to others._ the hiebest market price for any marke,great prison, that, the way in which the con - As the paper statee, "all these points are of cattle intte the editor of Tao eaeares Fanner mete come to their meals and eat their food. the utmost importance, and it is strange in mina of a eireitinstenee that occurred ttt At 12'Mock a greet bell is nag in the that so very few pay any attention to them, Chatsworth, IL, in 1809, where 450 head of center ef the prison. The men leave their and the only reason that can be advanned is Texas cattle SVOre fed in the stables of the workepour out of the shops under the eyes the ignorance of the fernier, preventing the beet sugar eompany there. 'of their guards, and form in single filo along proper interpretation tI the proverb that The cattle were put into the meek, inethe side of the building: They stand there, 'Manliness is next to (Matinees.' "man bellied his meghbor—so close that November 'of 1809 and taken out (the fireteach ° In the case of each farm examine(l for the draft) about the last of April, lieving been their bodies often touch the right hand of Dairy Supply Association, and inquiry leveed fed five months and being fully finished. each resting -upon the right shoulder of the on the lines of the mere was instituted, and They were shipped to New York direct 'sal' in front ef bbn- Then, at command, by this means the education of the dairy lustier the care ot the foreman of the stables, they advance, in step. This is the "lock farmer is proceeding all over the country. Beforeshippingthesuperintendentofthefarm stein" The men marcls in snaky movement Each farmer was advised as to the best (2,400 acres) ended the factory advised the entirely around the yard, their lege mot ing methods of cleanlitiess in his own partieuler !foreman as follows: When you vet toNewiall t'rthert eulb nian's 10 lose to Ide ease, and where alterations were neceesary, York the butchers will say the cattle are neighaer's that the line looks like a great, and could be executed with little cost, they distillery fed. Allow any reasonable number many -legged reptile. This march is peculiar to be taken out and killed and take the price There is in Canada a board field for mild- offeredfortbem evhen on the butcher's block. 'ration in regard to rnilksupply—as to legis- If not satisfactory no more will be sent to municipal oversight by local boards New York and the balance of this draftmay- of health, and above all, education of farm- be reshipped to Boston." (The steers were ers and dairymen. The proposed Dairy I fed on beet pulp and corn meal exclusively Schools in connection with the Agricultural with what. good sweet bay they would eat.) Department here may be made of great The steers being opened and cooled the bid service in this respect. fax the cattle was the aighest ruling price for steers of any kind. The rest of the cattle they are confined ; stopping before apertures Vegeterian. were subsequentlysent to NOW York and in the kiteben well, beneath the rotunda, sold at the best price for finished steers of, Men capable of sustaining fatigue b -a any breed. The superiatendent of the Chats- they receive, upon a tin dish, their allow - indefinite period are the pulse -eating Sik ss, worth farm and factory istbe present editor ance of food. Each mau, with this dish in and the date -fed Arabs. The Kafir aed of The Prairie Farmer and fully conversant hand, goes up the iron stairs to his cell—to s Tarter live on milk. The Smyrna porter with the facts as given, showing that well hisolitary swallow bole among the rest— can shoulder a load of eight hundred fed Texans may be turned into superior beef shutting his iron -barred door behind him with a bang. When all the men are in, the pounds, yet his diet is fruit and olives. under proper feeding. guard, standing Officers pa the English army will have ding at the end of the corridor, moves a great lever which fastens all the served in India, say that there are no more Murder of an Enelishman Venezuela. active or efficient soldiers in the vierld cell doors upon one tier at once. This lever than the vegetarian troops in Northern ,A terrible murder of a British subject by itself islocked down, and the men axe closed India. They can out march if not the Venezuelan police has been reported, in. • The outrage is supposed to be the outgrowth out -fight any regiment of beef -eaters. of the boundary dispute. The name of the Irish and Scotch soldiers brought 1T, , the one on potataes and buttermil murdered man is William Campbell. He Behring Sea Dffioulty Explained. the other on oatmeal, are at least equal WaS British grant -holder on the River A special despatch from Washington set in strength and enderusce to the Berlina in Britiee Guiana, and was arrested forth some interesting facts relating to the same number of Englishmen who owe their on the 8th of February while visiting au present condition of the Behring Sea ques- powers and bull -dog propensities to roast- Englishman named Names living on the tion. Mr. Blaine it seems, is unwilling -to beef and foaming ale. Cyrtis, the great Venezuelan siae of the Amaccoroo river. come to any definite understanding with Persian conqueror, lived from his youth,iCampbell offered no resistance; he merely Great Britain with regard to the adoption of is said, on vegetables, and drank only water.t asked rive to travel by his own conveyance. measures for the preservation of the seal The diet of the heroic Spartans was black The sargenot of the Venezuelan police, how- during the present season, and pending a bread end vegetables. The ancient Egyp- ever, ordered one of kis mei. to shoot him. final settlement of the whole controversy. tiatts were opposed to killmg animals, from He did so, and theshot strucktampbell and His excuse is that the report made to the shattered his right hand. The inspeetor of Treasury Department by Mr. Henry Elliott, religious scruples. Buddha., , Pythagoras, police sent Campbell to the Venezuelan of the Smithsonian Institution, who last Plato, Plutarch, Diogenes, Seneca, Lamartine Governor of the province of Orinoco. Vae -summer investigated the condition of the Milton, Newton, Leonardo da Vinci, Governor caused him to be taken back to seals, is unsatisfactory because there is rea- Wordsworth, Franklin, John Wesley, Wm. Amaccoroo, where he was at once liberated son 10 doubt the correctness of some of the Cullen Bryrnt, Bronson Alcott, and many other great thinkers and indefatigable without so much as a charge being made statemeets made therein. Another special workers, all bear witness to the value of against him. Campbell then entered the agent ha, therefore, been deputed to visit simple living, withoutthe use of flesh meats. hospital, and died on the i6th of March. Mr, .Alaska for the purpose of making a more —So says, The La-ws of Life. Anson, the district magistrate, held an in- thorough investigation, and until his report quest on the body of the murdered man on is received Mr. Blame will not enter into the following day, and the jury found a the arrangement which Great Britain is Potato Experiments. verdict of murder against the sergeant and ready and anxious to have made. ' It is getting time to plant potatoes in the private of the Venezuelan police. Since Mr. Elliott's return from Alaska North. Hence the following from the Ohio the reason for withholding his report from Experiment Station will be timely :publication has been shrowded in mystery, The following experiment is reported in A Veiy Thoughtful Man. especially as it was known that he had re. the bulletin of the Utah Experiment Station "What did the doctor order for your-hus. ported great destructien of seal life. It will for Marcie byE. S. Richman, horticulturist, band?" be remembered that in the later stages of the object being to observe the effect of cut- "Quinine and whisky." the diplomatic correspondence Lord Salim line seed potatoes into large or small pieces "Isn't quinine pretty dear ?" bury expressed his entire willingness to be --that is, of having few or many eyes in each "Yes, but we didn't get any. Poor John a party to an international agreement for eaece : very considerate. He told me not to mind the preservation of the seals, and Mr. Blaine Plat 7 was planted with potatoes cut with the qumine ; he would try and get along allowed it to be understood that .thie pro. two eyes in each piece. Yield of large po- with the whiskey." position was acceptable to the United States .;,..toes 217 pounds; small, 110 pounds ; to. • Government The Secretary, in fact, gave ettl 327 pounds ; amount of seed plant- The teMis Quinze coat hasque is one o Sir Julian Pauncefote 'verbal assurances to 4d, U *weds; increase 290 pounds. he leading styles for house and srestwe r 'this efiesti and the latter has recently made to convicts, and is another reminder of their condition. In it they seem to heave them- selves forward, rather then to walk. The resemblance of the line to some great serpent is most, striking, and even revolting. A SOLITARY MEAL. The Inez' enter the main prison in this way. Here the lines separate, the men dividing according to the winos of the building where several efforts to. seeure the Conclusion of the proposed agreement Yiele then does • le. • • • • Mr. Blaine bang bade e 'The full explane- , tion eecerding to„ the Ainericen press is thatthe lessees of the sealing pri- vileges have interfered, and that Mr. Blaine is eow -working itt theirinterest. Mr. 1.elliott„ Weems, reported three while the "poachers" were resp,onsible for a large share Of the injuryto seal life, muck greeter damage was being ti011e by the leesees theme selves, who, thiniglepreveuted from killing the fewieles, were techleesly slaughtering the bells, and thus eausinga serious dimine- tion in the nunthere of the yew)* Thia •expleins the withhelding ef the report and it also makes °leer the roma of the diesuris. set of Special Treasury Agent Gott, Who corroborated Mr. Ellicates Statements and 1ASt summer stepped the operetione of the leeseese when they ,itati Jellied 21,000 seals, The la.tier, it is Stated, have now induced Mr. Elaine to postpone Any agreement until next autumn, to 9rder that in the mealtime they may- be et liberty te kill as mauy seals as they eau during the present season. Mr. Blaine's solicitude for the interests of the lessees is explained, by the, feet that 'among the leading members of the company are Mr., D. O. Mills, father, in-lew et Air Whitelaw Reid, Mb:Alter to Pale -nee and proprietor of the. New York Trifreme, theAdinmistration organs and •aleo Mr. Stephen B. Elkins, elle Of the Secre- tary's warmest supporters and the manager of his campaign at the 1888 minventiou. In view in these feete the mystery which surrounded Mr. Elliott's report venielime and Mr. Blaine% recent deterntieetiou is fuliy expleined. Last week Sir Jellen Pauneefote celled upon the Secretary to protest against his new move, and subseeuently he -offered hint. Lord Saha beryie preposition in writing, to the +greet that the British Governmeut would atipulete that there ellould be no sealing by British vereela in the Behring Sea if, for A terlil to bereemerged upon, the United States would summed the killing of eeale -either at sea or on the blade, a corn- xnisMon repreaenting both -Governments to investigate and report upon the 'fisheries In tbe meantime. Mr. Blaine, however, Is looking after the interests of his political frieude among the leaner; aud so, notwith- standing Ms former professed anxiety for the preservation of the seek, he refuses to enter bite the proposed aereenent, and im teude to allow Mr. Mille and Mr. BMWS d their colleagues to continue their de- rective operations tide =eon AS before. In doing se, however, lie auly fureialice an- other proof Of the lasineerity of the claims and pretensioutiwhich be has put forward on behalf' of the United States in this wetter. W. OMNI' wawa Araroa RUINS. ruale That a Now F.stinet reoge Ilies let to drelueolOglsIS• The *Royal Geo,erapbleal Seciety, aided by the Britiah &eon ition, is seeding the well- known explorer, Theodore Bent, to investi- gate rernerkehle ruins la South Central Africa, known es those of Zinibtelye. The ruins aro slanted in eleelionel in -i and were occupied at the tinie of the Portuguese ex- pedition into the interior hi latei hy apeoele they denominated Moors. As tar as can lie ascertained these ruins consint of labyrin- thinewalls, nue within ano'her and enclosing in oneepart e conical tower still 30feethigh, on winch no entrance Ina been discovered, although, perhaps, theremay bo one, partly burled beneath the debria. These buildings would ;Ripen to have formed a strong, fort- ress, inipregneble berove the introduction of (WAWA, the entrance being SO constructed that only ono person could approach at a time, and being then lways fully expaeed to the arrows of the prawn. There aramituy othorpccultaritieselesereing of uotice in the construction of these builds inge ; in one part projectingstrones stand out from the wall, as though originally aupport- ing.a atairease or gallery ; and these stones, which aro very hard and of a dark greenish - black oolor, aro ornamented with a pattern of diamonds and wavy lines ;then ono of the most perfect of the walls has a frieze of zigzag pattern, formed of very thin slabs ol hewn stone, let into the wall about 25 feet from the ground, on the southeastern side only whilst the whole of the walls, towers and other struetures aro built of blocks of granite hewu into the shape of bricks, but a hate e larger, and put together withept mertam , the walls being often 10 feet thick at the 75 base, and about seven or eight feet at the top. But remarkable as are the ruins of Zim- babye, they do not stand alone, but appear to be connected. by a chain of forts with a similar mass of ruins near Tati, fully three hundred miles farther to the west, so exact- ly similar in structure, design and orna- mentation as to leave lib doubt whatever that they wore the work of the same peo. ple ; while similar masses of ruins are -re- ported near Manicaiand also in the Tran- svaal east of the Nylstroom. Who were the fabricators of those build- ings whose ruins alone remain ? Some have attribute& them to the Arabs ; some to the Pheenicians and many peculiar names, man- ners and customs have caused this land to be regarded as the Ophir of the Bible, the golden land whence Solomon drew the gold and ivory for the Temple of Jerusalem, and whence the Queen of Sheba came to see and judge for herself of the WiSdOM of whicli she had heard. At the time of the Portuguese expedition many fruits were found under the cultiva- tion that were not indigenous to Africa and the tracing up of these may serve as a clue to the real builders of Zimbabye. BIOTIO$ ILAUTRALI4. The Scoteit Thistle, Watercress,- English Spumes and Sweetbrier Have rreved Cures. A Seotelunan living in Australia, and viss iting his native land earried back a thistle, the emblem of Scotland, as the reader is doubtless aware. A grand banquet was held in Melbourne by 900 Seetchmen and the thistle, in a buge vase, occupied a piece of Rotor in the centre of the Mble, writes Thomas W, Knox. It was toasted and cheered, and the noise day it was planted in the public garden with, e great deal of rejoicing. The tlxistle grave and thieved and en due time its down was seat- tered by the winds; other thistles sprang' from the seed, and their down was scat- tered, and in a few years the thistle had made itself thoioughly at home 10all parts of Australia. It has rooted out the melee geneses on thousands, I could almost say millions, of acres of pasture land, destroyed sheep runs by the hundred, and eausedgen- eral execration of the Scotchman who took so much pains to import the original- In a similar manner the wetereress, the English sparrow, the sweetbrier and other exotics_ have proved, very troublesome and caused immenee lessee. The watercress bee choked mere, caused great 1190de and impeded nevigation; the sweetbrier has become a etrong and tenacious bush which spreads with great rapidity, destroying thegrassea ; Tad. the ittneeent daisy has been neerly as iummons as the thistle. Fifty Euglialt sperrows were taken to Aestralia ie 1800, A114 now there are cone - lees enillione of theta in all the coloniea ; they refuse to eat inseeta like their ammo tote, but devote themselves fruit, grain, pees and other vegetable things, to the rum of huudreda of farmers awl garderters. Morale -beware of exotica in e0aOrrY. Tho Origin of _the Crime•atained as it is toolay., and glinetly with emerder every atep of its tortuous secret career, the "Mafia" spraeg into being from an inepiration of =Winn, but ita very berth was laeralded by a blia,tion of blood. Many yearts ago we read its story iu an Beets), magazine, Of our recollection is &MIK) and that recollection is frealiened hy a recent communication in the St. Louis Reputlie, though our remembrance of the incidents differs somewhat from the narrative of the St. Louis correspondent. The "Mafia" middy is overtax hundred yeara old, having ita origin at the revolt of Pelerino which took place during an Easter eeremenial in the euburbs of that eity in the year 1282. A beautiful young giri and her betrothed, in accordance with Um quaint and primitive customsof that people, approached the Church a the 1191y Ghost, te be united in marriage at its akar; ami while the lover saught the venerable padre in the little room at the rear of the building, hie bride peeved aeon its threehold. As she stood, expect- ant—graceful as a fawn, faints a dream, her innocent heart throbbing with its new -horn Itappineis—a drunken Sergeant of the brenees tetrason, Data by name, strode up behind her, threw his erre about her Ayala, and thrust a huge, brutal h tud intobee pure. snowy bosom. Withet .ory of horror and fear the poor child tore herself from his 'pol- luting grasp end turned to fly, but the heel of bit' dainty slipper caught in the collie% of the atone pat eneent and she fell, etriking her head %mutat a abarp projection of the ohm& cornice. see that instant the returning lover's eyes fell upon his beautiful mistress—lying lam tem, her white brow gaping with its cruel wound, her long tresses dabbled with her blood. With the savage fury of ti wild bead Ile throw Iiiintelf upon Druet, bore him to the earth, and drove his stiletto to the wretch's heare crying: 'Moria alIa Fran- s:lel" "Death to the French 3" There was a moment, a pause of silence, and then that maddened cry haematite roar of infuriat- ed thousands. It swelled and deepeeed; it took more solemn meaning—became nation- alized—and then buret forth: "Moral alla Francia Italba anola 3" "Death to the French is Italy's cry !" For seventy-two hours armed bands, headed by the father and betrothed of the hapless girl, hunted down the hated French, and their search was as the quest of the tiger and blood- hound. But retribution was to eome after this arnival 0/ blood, and in dread of the von- eanee of the ll'eerecii Nation these tuthappy people formed themselves into toad orginia nations with the password and name of the society made up of the initial letters of the lvortis which composed that fateful death cry, thus forming' Mafia." Its object was resistance to oppression, and as the lapse of years added to its power and influence it stretched forth its hands against the rich and mighty in behalf of the poor and the down -trodden. To -day it is but the hideous cloak of the creeping thug and the assassin of the night. The Czarina and the Dressmaker. ' An incident took place at the late funeral of Miss Strutton, the Czar's nurse which illustrates the passing and permanent phases of life in St. Petersburg. A dressmaker in the crowd, seeing the Emperor and his brother following the hearse on foot, press- ed forward with ouriosity. Being in mourn- ing herself, she somehow got into the pro- cession, and followed it to the English church. Here she was on familiar ground, for she had attended weddings of English ladies for whom she worked. She entered with the mourners and got a good seat near the Imperial family, in spite of all the vigi- lance exerted to keep out strangers. After the service the Empress shook hands in English fashion with the relatives of the de- ceased, and presently she came to the seam- stress; whopromptly dropped& deep curtsey. Blit the Empress put out her hand in friendly grasp. At this the presence of mind of the needlewoman vanished, and She fell at the feet of her Imperial mistrees in aright. Only the tact of the Empress prevented a painful scene. Soberly---" Do you believe, Mr. Spratby, that there is luck in horseshoes ?" Spratby —" If there is it stays in 'em, r knew of eny comin' out of 'ern." "1 can always tell when , ode boy has finished his p4dding," said ,. eche Greorge.. " ?'' asked the boy's mother. ' "'There isn't any left on his plate." The Number Seven in the Bible. On the seventh day God ended his work. On the seventh month Noah's ark touched the ground. In seven days a dove was sent. Abraham pleaded seven times for Sodom. Jacob mourned seven days for Joseph. Jacob served seven years for Rachel. And yet another seven years more. , Jacob -was pursued a seven days' journey by Laba.n. A plenty of seven years and a famine of seven years were foretold in Pharaoh's dream by seven fat and seven lean beasts and seven ears of full and seven ears of blasted corn. On the seventh day of the seventh month the children of Israel fasted seven days and remained seven days in their tent. Every seven days the land rested. Every seventh year the law was read the people. In the destruction of Jericho, seven per- sons bore seven trumpets seven days. On the seventh day they surrounded the walls seven times, and at the end of the seventh round the walls fell: Solomon was seven years building the Temple and fasted seven days at its dedica- tion. In the tabernacle Were seven lamps. The golden candlestick had seven branch- es. Nauman washed seven eimes in the river Jordan. Job's friends sat with him seven days and seven nights, and offered seven bullocks and seven 11i ' 'for an atonement. , Our • spoke seven times from the Cross, 01, *II he hung seven hours; and after his: .rection appeared seven times. In the Revelation we read of seven churches, seven candlesticks, seven stars, seven trumpets, seven plagues, seven thun- ders, seven vials, seven angels, and a seven headed monster. Cloth -like fabrics are very popular this season. MARTINIQUE, An, island id That fois Like a Bit of Oen cone astray. Martinique is ao, garden a Youlantig beauty, extending from the edge of the pretty harbor to the foothills of theenouns tains and looks like a fragment of Frame& gone astray. Every building is of venerable - stone, antique in structure, laage anti roomy, and windowed by deep jalouszem The heavy tile roofs overhang the sills like the eyebrows of man, and are covered with silvery mines andhterantreerae gveaters, Tnearly all paved with Belgian blocks, and sparkling weeer rushee down the middle of eaelt in the vete; to- ward which the pavement slopes, Everybody lives out of doom. The har- bor is skirted by a wide booleverd, shaded by palm trees and furnis" bed with iron seats: where the populece gather in the evening and chatter like magpies. During the day the women sit in the gardens and at night sleep bit hanamocks under the verandas, except in the rainy season, when they keep their houses, Thereis no glass in the windows aid not a chimney in the place. All the cooking is done m charcoal stoves, or upon shelves of stone like a. blacksmith's forge. There are some fine churches and Ono Old telt:lid:rat that is worth a visit. The people - colony of Jews engaged in banking and are mostly. Catholies„ but there hi a large The town of Port de France, 1014 WA knowu as Port Royal during the time of the empim, is the seat of thegovernment, where the heuteuant-governor lives and coalman& a. garrieenef SW or 400 colored relaters. le in aliont twenty mike front St. Pierre And 10,000snhabitants, but the latter pines ta the ememercial capital arid the feellionable residence, The blacks aud whitte bivo tee gether AI brothers and sitters of #110=1111= often. internearrylesg. Ideray of the colored bunnies are wealthyand aristocintie and eend theis chilareriabeoati to be edged - ed, The upper elassee wear the latest French fashions and live with coneiderelile comfort, but the colored women of the common ziass as elsewhere in the tropiee, ere clad in A Sin- gle garment of cotton, without any. particu- lar deskm of conceallog or meow?, their anatomy. They toed themeelvee with a large amount of jewelry of peadier design's, and on Sunday and feast deyeget themselvea up in a mest eleltatate and outlentlisli man- ner. men And women Loth rivaling the phi:nese of the hirde in the meriad colon they assume. There are po eor, no alms,. homes, no asylum for the indigent. The women of Martinique carry their babies in a peouliar manner by placing them astride of the left hip, and atrapping them there by wide strips of cloth. Mar- tinique has a population of 100,000! of evliom 12,000 are white, 39,000 of mixed blood, end the remainder colored. The Wand is covered with fields of sugar cane, meetly cultivated by the women, while tho men do the heavier labor in the eugar miles and in the harbor. There are no carriages or carts, but the women and donkeys aro the common There le a gooa opera -home where per- formancea are often given by local talent and once in awhile an opera or a play by a compeny front France. One of the most beautilul_parkei in the world is known as the Place Berth*, where there ir a magnificent fountain of brow, a most greeeful water nymph fourteett feet high,bearing upon her bead it backer, from the rim of which tots of water How. In August this fountain exhibits what to strangers is a most aimed* phenomenon, spouting myriads of little fishes about ;Le lo.rge as whitebait, with bodies as trausparent RS crystal. These are callea tithe midi -onto from the muontain streams with which the fountain is fed. In the month of August they come from the ses and are caught by the pipes that feed the fountabe Me peo- ple expecting them come desert with bate. Rots, scoop them up, and, taking them home, fry them in all ; they make delicious morsels. Martinique was the birthplace of the Empress Josephine, whose family still live neer fort, de Eremite and their old home, a little one-stary house, is e till to be seen. Tho Grand Old Ilan: Twice during the pest few days has the Hon. Mr. Gladstone given his parliamentary eolleagees a. genuine surpriee, once by an unusual display of temper, and again by his hearty support of the pending bill to amend the divorce law. 'Ihe former wheel is not particularly pleasent to contemplate is said to have been due to the taunts of two of the - Irish members Mr. Russel and Mr. Sander- son Mr. Russel going so far as to clump the. Liberal party with trying to defeat thee Irish Land Bill. To this Mr. Gladstone re- plied, "Thetis a.bsolutely untrue," and when, the accuser proceedea to make explanation the veteran statesman whose anger was very manifestagain assertedin languagemere par- liamentary that the statement was contrary. to fact. As to the question of divorce Mr.. Gladstone has hitherto held very decided .1 opinions and hasstontly maintained that one. S a cause and one only, viz., adultery, can, , justify the release of those who have enter -- ed the marriage bond. The pending bill however includes as -well desertion for a, period of four years. Compared with the. other this is a light offence and can harda be placed bi the sense category. That tia , Gladstone should have changed his opinion ,' . 1 ought not to have caused great surprise. It i.,„ characteristic of the Grand Old Man that lie\ holds his views subject to change whenever ,.. it can be shown that to aeffiere to the old ‘ opinion involves the necessity of al -outing one's eyes to important filets and revelations, of truth which were not present or consider-. 1 ed when the opinions were originally adopt- ed. And who save the bigot will condemn the man who adopts such a course. - ' 1 iGiilsaddsotoorn. e bigotry cannot be justly laid:4 rte whatever the faults and failings of tr. „ , A Pathetic Story. The London Hospieci/ tells of a seamstress who, like Hood's pathetic heroine 10 the: " :Song of the Shirt," worked till the stare, shone on the roof. Her eyesight failed, and, the story goes on: "She saw at the same, time four hands, four needles, and four seams. She at first treated them as an illusion, buts at the end of some days, in coneeemence of. weakness and prolonged mental anxiety,. she imagined that she was reallysewing four seams at once, and thee God, touehed by her misfortune, had worked a miracle in her_ favour." Literary Item. Jones—What are yo doing now ter a,. living?" . • Smith—I live by writing. For the press? 0, no ; 1 write to the old an wice monsh to send me some more money. A fixed idea is like the iro'n rod which., soulptore .put it, their statues. It impale' . and sustaans