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Home My WebLink AboutThe Exeter Times, 1891-4-9, Page 6ADVENTURES OF Ati ORCHID HUNTER Thrfl}higand Astounding Narrative of Enthusiasm Daring, Danger, and Romance, QUEST INTO THE REART OF INDIA. Wein. U Iguatins nostenuann Endured to De -mover one variety or °rebid. Among those who have gazed in wonder- /mut at the orchids in mule of the leading Toronto conservatories, doubtless there were few who ever geve a moment's thought to the most interesting part of their history —viz., where they come from and how they haymened to be here. Yet the great majority a them were only procured with the greetest dculty, and many of them are linked with tales of adventure resembl- ing in interest the most wonderful tales of travel and discovery. They come from every quarter of the lobe, but mainly from 'Warm countries, eouth and Centra.1 Amerlea, Mexico, Inclim Borneo, the Philippinelslande, Suana,tra and tbe leicilayan Arelaipelago beiug among the inest prolific eources of eimply. Wet' found it is only by the most eareful seratiny on ehepart of the collectors who are constantly searthing for them. These men lime untold dangers and do it in the hope than they will ditcover mime mew variety nith which their names will be eitupled nil which will bring them farne einem their brethren. Qr4LIVIOATIONS OF TAR OlieDID urnzahn To be a good orchid colleetor it is requie. ite, firm Of all, that the man bean enthusiast on the ealneet, Ho must /wee orchid lore at his instant command, so as to dieting:44dt the wheat from the chaff. Ile must be man a indomitable will and strong physitme eble to endure prettemted journeys unde the mom trying emeintone. Ile mute be no eay diecouraeed by adveree cmciimetance and he musr be a man of strong ooltvidual ity, able to command and enforce obedimme to his orders, because he has to deal with natives who are only controlled by superior mind% In a word, be must maim the spirit the explorer and the forty -Wrier, WI30 braved all daogers to find Eldorailit. Little xities the fashionable belle thief; as elm lenguittly admires a homeact cof them fragile litoeteme abet the original plants were Le. eninrel at the epeusii of lemma of yet suela is frnmently the ease. Les likely is she to refleet that in their heme. under the legraiing Sim cf thel ter Mee, fet v unel to vn the eliarins of e .1toky leanly. Toe arome of enflame nil mystery which is part ef their being tebielt lends them ud tebarais per. har mare her and she only thinks that tie ; are a neet-esary ad net to a faultle.es toe t. weieh the theist .an turniell tor 50 per !lower. the 'allege of Newtown there now re- StileS elle cif the lest known and meet widely trevelled oreldilh-olleeter, a the present titrie —Menatitte Ffneterinenumone who introdue. tome of the beet varietieswe have, andwho is :mot eompetent to speak on this eubject. t lw Impe et getting hint to relate, for the beemit et our many readers. some of his .inal experieucts while @rebid huntmg, ve nen him one dam last week, I found linn him (ill men of action, very charyof words, mei it was only by hard queetioning that I Mealy got him to tell his story—all the time ne Meetly diselairning any great ability in his cleeten calling. Among the many valuable orehida which introdueed, and whieh were most difficult to proeure, be seleeted the story of the thud - of that now well known variety, Bypri peditnn Spicerianum. This is otie of a class which is found in various forms in almost every seetion of the world. The largo inflated pouch which is tharacteristic of this speeies suggested not only the English name of "Lady's Slipper,' but also the Latin one of Cypripedium, or "Venus' Slipper." In this country they are known as " Mocassin Flower," and the Eu- ropean species, Cypripedium calceolus, has been known for a long time as " Calceolus Maxim," or "Mary's Shoe," so that where - ever found the close resemblance of the pouch to a foot covering of some sort has been em- pliasieed in the common name. But to pro. ceed with Mr. Forstermann's story sews. or oxe DISCOVERY. coat he began the ;nest difficult part of his joneney, as he was then compelled to pur- chase a boat and hire natives to row him. He proceeded up the river by slow stages, thoroughly seerchiug the countrynshe went but never main far from the river, as these plants are %wally th be found close to the water. So the journeywas continued with. out hope of success until Goulpaam was reached and a tea earevan was met which woe owned in part of Mr, Spicer By gent ingairy it was learned. that anmetimes orchids were brought over that route, but nothing definite could be learned, What the average Hindoo knows about embeds is Ina onesimelly email, and the lines on theprim rose could be paraphrased as applying to him— An orchid on the river's brim She* an orchid was to hina, ono it .vas Magog room. So the weary search went ou until Mani - pm, was reached, and herehis passport gave out. This was a serious matter, as the um- haraiala was not very friendly to travellers, and althoogn it was easy enough to go into his dominions, yet it would undoubtedly be very difOeult to get out. To make matters worse the natives abso- lutely refused to go any farther, but after such a long and fruitless journey our intrepid explorer decided it would nver do to go Imek, and so be deteriniued to tem every means, and if necessary to go on aloue. By dint a persuasion and an extra liberal amount of " blacksbeesh" he induced the most veeturesome Among the Hindoos to ac- e -nappy him nil brave the maharajah, Leatneg the others behind he nem took to the river, stopping at every place which gave promise of &Whig what he eaught, and thoroughly searehieg the country on both sides of the river; He would ateceed every little tributary, and, leaving the most trusted of the natives in tharge ot the boat, would head a march party himself. Oeca. simian he would divide his party lute two giving enstructiona to the native contingent to bring Iline in anything in the shape of an ambit]. Inoseam they could Sul away or Tan MIME, nowenn B. IIENDO,N, • Tile history of theproprietorship of laud, is the history of the race. Itte claret reveals to usinn engaged in the pursuit of henting, but even then his expedition should be OM,' fined within the compass of certain territory. Later on (though this is largely presump- tive) men beectine pastoral, shepherds,. men: a flocks:and leeede, and land became more precious and was parcelled out by the greet herdeneeuRS so math pasture It is clear.. ' homever, that In the beeenpum property in lands was teeknoMn. Both 'bunters and shepherds were more or less oomadie, the place that knew them to -day would in all probability know them, alter the morrow, no more forever, It is demonstrable also, that the tirst Ma- gical institution anmeg men was the family. The governor, or head, bang the father or husband. To them families time brought property—universally, in the in.ginning, noths and herds, Menial protection a this epodes of property induced families related , One of these eeperate parties while Imatin " through a jangle were unfortunate enong s to meet a tiger, and one of them were killed, This nearly caused the entire party to desert him, but more promiees, more threats and anbtlier liberal allowance of "backsheeelt " induced them to continue the search, on emu VIRRSITOLD or Deerealt. If they were tmfortunate though to meet the tiger they were lucky enough not to be molested by the num tmers of the mabara. jab. atri for this they were thaukful, They I were Dow ever e thotteatel miles from Caleutta, wearied out with unintermittitm travel. Even'Mr. Forsterniann began to tbink he hen mute on a fool's errand, but he deithiel to continue another week, and if he met with no emcees thee be walla return. The alley after coming to this ifecition he left the main stream and was ite ring slowly and cautiously along, climelymentung every nook along the river for some trace of the theeive beauty. He turned the boat into MI insignificant streaut wherethere was barely room to shove it along ;the branches of trees banging down Oen to the water made progress almost im- possible, and after a eouple of mires of this kind of work they filially reached an open sputa where they left the boat to eat and rest preparatory to enaking a search on foot. While resting Mr. Forster:nun noticed a rocky declivity some distance up the river, and taking. the party in the boat again bo started to Investigate. .As he got nearer be thought he saw some plants growing in the crevices of the reeks which looked like the wearily sought Spicerianum. lie was afraid to build false hopes after so many disappoiut- meets. Nearer and. nearer drew the boat and clearer and more distinct became the object that riveted. his attention.until at last all doubt was dispelled and he saw what he had dreamed of for months. Gone was alI weariness, dispelled was all doubt and un- certainty, before his eyes were the longlook. ed for gems ; he sprang out of the boat, toro the nearest one out of the sonata looked at it again and again to assure hiinself he was not mistaken In 1878 a gentleman name Spicer, residing in England, received from his brother in Italia a plant of the variety which was sub- sequently named Spicerianuna in his honor. So beautiful was it in the eyes of connois- seurs and so distinct from anything before introduced that fabulous sums were offered for even a small piece of it, but this gentle- men for a time steadfastly refused to part with it, until repeated solicitations finally prevailed and. he let one of the leading nurserymen have some of it. It was known, of course, that somewhere in India more of it inight be found,but no definite informa- tion could be obtained as to what locality it came from, so that it was apparently a hopeless task to send any one to look for it. Mr. Fostermann, however, was more san- guine than others and eventually volunteer- ed to try and find it. In the summer of 1880, therefore, he left England en route for India, and hi due course of time reached Calcutta, where he was to begin his investigations. The only clew he had to work on was the name of "Spiceriantun," which indicated that some one named Spicer first procured ,it, and after endless inquiry he learned that a man of that name located in the northeast portion of the province of Bengal was a con- signor of tea which came from Assam, and with this slender thread as a guide he began his search. Surely no map traced out in blood and containing reference to a blasted pine, a flat rock and other landmarks'which Is the orthodox record of some mysterious old enormously rich mine, was even more ambiguous and unreliable than this, and even the redoutable Captain Kidd's treas- ures might be deemed readily accessible when compared with it. To find a new variety is comparatively easy work if the search is intelligently pro- secuted, because it may be stumbled upon at any moment, but to find a certain sort unless the locality has been visited before is another matter, and as an illustration of this we have the exa,n,ple of a variety called " Faireianum," which was introduced f ora Assam in 1857 and is to -day worth twenty- fold its weight in gold --in fact, a small piece which would fit in a vest pocket is worth $250—and which has never been found although repeated efforts have been made to discover it, showing that it is in some very remote or inacessible region. Nothing daunted by these recollections, however, /Ws. Fosterraman began preparation for his journey. He left Calcutta and start- ed up the Ganges by the regular steamer, • thence up the Brahmaputra as far as the regular lines of travel would take him, 7i1ER0ING THE HEART OF INDIA. • When about four hundred miles from the SECCESS AFTER. ALL. No ! Thole was no mistake now. He clambered up tbe rocks, tore out another—it was the same ;elambereci down again to feast his eyes on the sight before him. And ethat a sight for the enthusiase who had come thousands of miles for this one object ! They sprang out of every nook and crevice of thut otherwise barren rock ; they nodded their graceful heads and shook their delicately tinted wings at him as if to say, " We have waited here for ages until some one with perseverance and courage would come th claim us." Ile looked again and again, as if loath to turn away his eyes for fear the whole vision would vaansh. Then he threw his hat in the air and shouted for joy. Then the reaetion came, and he seek to the ground exhausted. But the real work was only just begun. They were there, but they were anxiously watched for in England, and many thousands of miles had to be travelled by them and they had to retain their precious lives through it all before he could say he was successful. Tenderly he lifted them out of the soil, carefully he packed them away in the boxes brought with him, and when he had filled the three he bad, starMd back on his weary return trip, weary no longer, though, for had he not the peerless Spicenanum under his charge? It is needless to dilate on the return trip. Suffice it to say that Calcutta was reached in due thne and Mr. Fostermann's precious charge wasput on board a steamer. A cablegram announced to his firm that they were on the way, and anxious eyes watched for their arrival and anxious hearts beat fast when they finally mere brought to light after their lens imprisonment not much the worse for it. All the enthusiasts in England had been notified and were present either in person or inproxy.th A sale was held on e spot i and n anincredibly short space of time $15,000 worth of them were sold, when the sale was stopped. Mr. Forstermann again went over the Same weary journey, was again successful and then went on to other and equally valuable discoveries but none of them touched him as deeply as this. This is the story of how the Spicerianum was found, which my lady now wears in her corsage at the ball or opera, which doubt- less is relegated to her maid the following day to shine perhaps in some less aristocratic place, and is eventually no doubt consigned to the ash barrel. In its various mutations it is not so very much unlike the children of Adam after all. From the garden of life to the grave. MILIC Sour.—One cupful of mashed pota- toes, seasoned with salt and pepper; the yolks of two harcl-boiled eggs, creamed with •a half cupful of butler; one quart of milk, brought th the boiling point (not boiled), into which has been stirred one tablespoon- ful of fiotr ; stir well and Wain. Heat the soup bowls and serve hot. by tea of eonsauguinitytto unite. Hence arose the village community, which, as they wereable, maintaieed as their right sufficient territory to subsist their cat- tle, This general eecupencywhich can bard- ly be called ownership, was doubtless the germ of proprietorship intim soil. Thus far the land was occupied in emomon by the whole village. Commerce was simply the barter of stock and their products ; tor th wore Skilla and had the deiry. In CORTS9 time man became acquanted with the be fit of tilling the ground in mere gorthe. latitutlea and of thevalue of grass in imppo time; them eat tie through ate winter. Hence it mute to be uuderstood that certain tracts belonged to, or were set apart for the dif- ferent illeillhetS of the connate-, Such ownership ceased with the harvesting of the rope, or the securing of the grins, becoming after this common property until the UM season, This was ecralinly the practice of the Kate auel Germane and by them taken into England. It was the custom when JuIius Ceasar invaded the island, where he found a prodigious number of cattle and immense quantities of corn." However, society had then reached its third state, the ibal relation, Green iu his "Larger Wm ey a enormous evil- The endepeuflent farmers, t. as we know them, are becoming extinet. ea The big fishes are rapidly awallowiug the r. little nes. Weelthy Elieland is the only realm on the globe where men, remelt ruid children die of etarvat ou by the side of the richest clam in all the world, Singularly enough, too, the remedy euggested for this horrible state of aflame by Gen% Booth, in Derkeet England, is to turo the eu:Iering atm into farm:era, lime Open feed predeced in other tionotries„ Lanclinirelan4is owned by nonereeidents. The owner whoresides upon his estate is the enception. Ttie everagenize of an estate in Ireland is 3,000 Amen The .reutper sere in, heth islands averages about $10„ This does net include repairs whien the renter is bound to make,. nor manure winch amounts to fifty bushels of lime per acre once in three years, or its .equiveleetin other fertilizers. .411 times exeept the lend tam and poor rates are also pad by the tenet, these two taxes beingrefunded to the reuter et the headman of eath year. In feet, the bulk of the taxes not neceseary to enumerate, are pad by the 'renter. lheder thie system of tenure" the ntion,".accordiug to Fisher., "bus become dependent upon foreigners for meat, awes°, and butter, is well as bread," The lerger portion of the soil of .Great Britain mai Ireland was, never amptired by purclume, but was gotten by force and rob- bery -from the liberi honones or freemen, who rightfully were in possessiou of thesoil. It M said by emote:Mut judges that the aoil of the twoeslands is ebutulantly Ole to sup- port its population- if properly subdivided end tilled. In. Belgium, where the average freehold in eighe acres, and the population: to the square . mite almoet, double tb.et oaf England, the innebitents are supported froisi its Soil. •Switzerland is another example wbere seventy.four families out of every. one hundred Mon freeholds and the soil supports itapeople. . Such in brief, are the mein feetures of land -bolding fat the British isien is an tory of the English people, makes above general otvuerallip of laud reach dot 'into 535011 time, but Briton ;Led Salon itel A USSON IN SPELLING< t TU Also Serve to 'rest our rrouun elation. The mot skillful gauger ever knew Was a maligned cobbler armed with a poinard, 1° who drove a pecidlern wagon, usieg a Mill, lein stalk as an instrument of comein, to • • tveanuize over hie lanpony, shod with ealket d in fee simple Dear the don of the dominion. The early view of property in land ti seal one. tlognet says: "This followed the introduetion of egriculture and was= essary that e.tels citizen might enjoy the fruit of his lahore." Upon this continent, in hlextco and Per the idea of fee simple was not known. I the former, 44 the people of the province were distributed into Witte, who held th lands of the neighborhood in commie 0 the extuiction, or removal of a family i lands reverted to the common stork, to b again distributed." In Peru, according t Prescott, when nan imarried the gover meat assigned him land sufficient for his ou inaintenence and that of his wile; an add tient portion was granted for every child thearnount allowed for a eon lacing dould that for a daughter. The division of th soil Was renewed each near, and the poems sinus increased or diminished secordIng t the number in his family. gin When fee simple became a. law in En( iP He was a Gentian thadnucee, autl hint a plethisicky catarrh, diphtheria, and the 10 131ilionsontermittent eresmeltim A eertam sibyl, 'with the sobriquet of ntlemsy," went into cestacica of kaeliumatiori at seeing him meastore a Lintel of peae, and separate S:ie• dunine tom:noes from a heap of potatoes, without demong or singemag the ignitible n queue whieh be wore, or becornism peralyz. • ed with a hemorrhage. Lifting her eyes to e the ceiling of the mueola of the capstat to ts a. n fuchsias, a treattse on memento, a copy of 1- the Apoerypha in hieroglyphics, (leper. • reotypes of Mendelesohn and Kosanako, • kaleilloseope, a dram phial of ipecacunnha, 0 a teaapoonfnl naphtha for deleble purposes, - a fertile, a clarinet, IMMO 1100Viee, 0. o eingle, a carnelian of symmetrical proper. tioas, a chronometer with movable balance n wheel, a box of dominoes and a. eatechism. land was muck sought after, as it wee tli chief distinction between the freeman an the slave. At first, however, tbe title ha to be renewed by the chief, or other compe tent authority, upon the death of the hobler Hence the word "holding" with reform to freeholds, and the word freehold itself. When England was conquered by Wallas,' the Norman, much of thesoil was con fiseatte to the use of his followers, Noverthelets tit k ing held a vested rigitt in every acre, Every foot of land was held by the occupant on the consideration of military duty. This law was extended to tbe remnent of Sax proprietors, 1. A. memorial bas been presented to Fresh • dent Harrison, under influential auspicea, d askiog that he himself, as President of the s United States, anti Secretary Blaine will "use their good offices" with the following o named "Imperial Alajesties"—the Czar ot , Russia, the Queen of Great 13ritain the Emperor of Germany, the Emperor of Austrio-Hungary, the Sultan of Turkey, King Humbert of Italy, the Queen Regent conceal 'ter nimaralleled emberriesement, malting a rough courtesy, and not harraes. ing him with myetifying, rarefying and stupefying immendem, she gime him a couch, a bouquet of liken mignonette, and O The ganger, who was also a trafficking rem a tiller and a parishioner of mine, prcferred a, 41 woolen surtout (Ins thou:owes re erable to a ▪ emeillatitme tweasionallymecuring Who're crasyl, anti wofillly uttered this apothegm ; O "Life is checkered; but schism, apostasy, berme-, and villany, however esoteric and ahall be punished." The sibyl 1 apologizinglyauswere "There is no allegm O alde difference between a, conferrable ellipsis mei trisylleble dicereais." A.D. 108e. The unit of land meiteure is those day was the hides, equal to 120 acres " rieow and teen art thou no longer," ani Cedric, in Ivanhoe, touching lum with bi wand; " Folkfree and =Mess orb thou is town and from town, in the forest as in th field. A hide of land I give thee and thine aye and forever." During the Reptarchy the price of land was about four shillings, the then currency, per acre. To -day the averageiprice o agricultural land aver the two slands i $250 per aere, The Abbot of Ely in th eighth century bought an. estate mid paid ea it at the rate of four sheep or one horse pe acre. Rent was paid in kind, In the century just quoted, according to Fisher, Ince king of the West Saxons, fixed the rent of ten hides (1,200 acres) as follows : 10 casks honey, 12 casks strong ale, 30 casks small ale, 300 loaves of bread, 2 oxen, 18 wedders, 10 geese, 20 hens, 10 chickens, 10 cheeses, 1 cask butter, 5 salmon, 20 pounds forage and 100 eels. "The transfer of land," says Knight, "was effected by a simplicity of arrange- ment which the ingenuity of civilization has raised into a complicated and expensive system that makes us look with some regret upon the days before title -deeds. A turf cut from the sward, and handed ever to the purchaser by the vendor, was the good old Saeon conveyance of land." The complexity of conveyances lamented above does oot apply to the United States. The principles embraced in the foregoing held until the reign of Henry VIT. In Met reign, the mertyr Bishop Latimer, describes the situatien of his father a ranter "My father was a yoeman and had no land of his ovvn only he had 'a farm of three or four pounds a year at the utmost, and hereupon he tilled so much as kept half a dozen men. be had walk for a hundred sheep, and my mother milked thitty kine." The laboring poor fared hard in those days. A rhyme of that period ran as follows: " With sometimes fish and sometimes fast; That household stores Islay longer last. ' In Henry VIII's time Latimer a holding rented for 16 pounds. Return or the Jews to 2alestine, of Spam ; the French republic, andalso with the governments of Belgium, Holland, Den- mark, Sweden, Portugal, Roumania, Setvia, Bulgaria, and Greece, in behalf of This increase in rent affeeted the price of land. It was due to the profit there was in the raising of sheep. Holland was the great manufactory of Europe. It bought all the English wool at a large price. It is interesting to note that its general effeat was damaging. Thousands of acres of land were withdrawn from tillage. Wholesale evictions followed. Vagrancy increased. Crime resulted. During the reign of Henry VIII 70,000 tramps were hung, an average of 2,000 a year. • The act of 1536, "4. pro- vision for poor people," says; "shall die for it., the third offence following after mutila- tion and impeisimrnent ; if indicted of wandering, loitering, and idleness and found guilty, he shall have judgment to suffer pams and exention of death as a felon, and as an enemy of the commonwealth. The major portion of the surface of Eng- land. is owned by less than one hundred and fifty: persons. England is a land of renters. As late as 1820 the soil nearly support- ed the population. Now about one luelf measures opening the way for the return of the Jews to their own land. As stated in n the memorial the object is, "to secure the a holding, at an early date, of an international t conference to consider the condition of the 11 Israelites and their clam to Palestine as their ancient home, and to promote, in all other just and proper ways the allevia- n Mon of their suffering condition." The t memorial makes a strong idea for the e proposed measure and is numerously signed a by editors of papers, secular and religious, t by clergymen, headsnf colleges, universities h and theological seminaries, and by busmess t men, The cities of Chicago, Boston, New b York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Wash. o ington, are represented itt these signatures, b which number in all between four and five n hundred. Among men of business are none - ed such llamas as Field, Rockefeller, P. W. Peck, Jacobi, Armour, Gage, Mc- I Cormick ; of clergymen and professors and gresidents of institutions, Drs. Schtiff, AGILIOULTURAL. "r1.11 Raising Calves by Rand, The time is rapidly approathing in the corn and grass districts when true economy on the farm will require the feeding of calves by hand, Says the Iiiee Stock G224 Western Farm journal. Creameries. are being established, and the work of the educatin of the cow, the ealf and, the fernier will begin with more or less protest from each against the hitt-eduction of the new finagled. ideas. Nevertheless iMporative necessity win deneend the extension of dairying and the introdoctioa of new methods. Over a large section of the country the femme canoe afford to keep a cow for the mere thence ef a calf, nor yet con Ise afford to grow what are usually known as "dairy eaves "—spholletheined and ponbalied-- the abomination of the greeter and feeder. Where the dairy special purpose caw has been adapted and everything sacrificed to milk, it is not a matter of very great int- portance whether the caves are matured, vealed or demeaned, but where the farmer • bas AU eye to profitable beef production, the best method of raising the calf by hand be. comes one of the most important questions 014 the farm. There is uothing but the ahem lute necessity of profit time will Tommie the grain farmer to milking, and no milking machine has yet been invented, or is likely to be invented, that will avoid the disagree. Able task, The farmer who is unaccustomed to milking, can do nothing else but take up bia crOSS. The cow will some to it When $110 is compelled to do so, and the first result of Om introduetion of dairyieg is to send large number ef cowa to the Ambles, The fittest will survive, provided the farmer nn. deretends Itia hominess ; if mita °WY thc lit - test farmers will survive, The trouble of mowing calvee by hand IS notherlion bus tbe wa,y of the prospective farmer, Wow fartnere like the experience of teitchieg cane to drink milk out of a bucket, Few emceed in growing good calves by that method, A etthemiber, Mr. M. A. Outlive, make% bona I2x14 inches, six inches deep, one for each calf. He keeps his 'MVO in pens Ox? feet, sod keeps.one main melt pee, Ho bas a small raanger ta each pen in which to feed bay, slid in thia pen he plum the box-, letting the calves out in day -time to give them sunlight ansi exercise. He begins with two quoits twice a day and Woman the amouut gradually. He milks half the amount and distributes it and then gives the rest after this is (livened oft This in a, very good method, but it CAD 1X) improved upen. We have found no bet, ter way than to make stanchions, using two fence boarsle b.low and two above, wide euough meat, both below and above, to in- sert. common pintos for stanchions, These eau he fusteuefl Wow with a eiiiiimon so as to allow enough movement, and above in the usual way. no stanchion should be eisteen Melon apart In front place a MU trough niaile out of twelve.mch plank and partition if off so as to make a box for each calf about I2x14 inches, and with a eldeel scoop out In the center m tbo bottom a space about three °rigor incises in Mame- ter, into which the milk will run when the supply isetearly exhausted. Put the calves in the stanchions, fasten them and then give each one ita supply of milk. Let them remain till their mouths are dry and then turn them out in the ennlight to a rack of nice, sweet ham Mime will then be no trouble about suck mg ears, etc, To tenth them to eat grain early, as 500U as they are old enough, take a pail of ground oats and corn, pas..8 along bus front and put a small handful In each calf:smooth before they aro turned out of the stancbions. This will give them a taste, mul after two or three dams of this experience it can be put its the trough after the milk is fed and each ono can get is share. In this nay a dozen calves can be fed in about asmany minutes, There is no trouble sutIris way of growing calves by hand and making them as good at a year old as those that run with the cows. Where there is a profit in milking, this is one of the hest ways WO have found th Lucile the calves. When calves ate started in this way they must be carried through on the same plan. They are gentle from the start and will continuo to he so, whether used for dairy cows or feeders—a matter of no small importance. Small Fruit Culture. The time to set out our strawberry 'plants -will soon be here, says A. P. Sampson in Our Rural Homes. A. plant set in April evill take better rootand be more likely to spread ban a later set one. Wbat variety of stmwberries are we to so? I have tried, most of the large kinds nd they don't yield. the timidity nor are hey as nicely flavored as smaller ones, still a arkee berry must be of fairly good size. The Jessie has size and Is a fair cropper, but I should recommend some kbad that eeded a perfect flowering kmd to perfect he blossoms, as the pistilate blossom gen. rally yields the most Intuit. This season, fter testing five kinds last year, I'm going o plant the Crescent as a good bearer, a ardy plant, one that makes lots of runners, hat b gins the season with a good lot of erries and has a gooa picking for tho last ne. A new bed every year is the cheapest, ears the best and is easiest picked when ot too much overgrown in the matted row. Now as a succession comes the RASPPERRY. would not plant anything but the Cuth- ert, a large, red, firm, hardy vine, prolific wirer. Plant the row six feet apart and torrs, McArthur, Talmage, Crosby, Gor- don, Murdock, Henson, Vis.ke, Boardman, and many others. The names of prolninent imam appear in arge number?. The preparation of the memorial and its circula- tion are due to the zeal and effort of Mr. W. E. Blackstone. who was chairman of the conference of Christians .and Jews re- cently held in Chicago. There are many who believe that the return of the Jews to Palestine is one of those events, yet future, sure to come in their appointed time. The movement here mentioned may turn out to be an important step in that direction. two feet apart m the row; keep a hedge row; manure in the fall ;,trim out old canes Israel t 1 in the spring; about the time you pick The Falling in Love. There are two distinct ways of becoming entangled in what is called a love after ; there is the love itself, and there is the love of being loved --a inean--a greedy—a de. veering passion, where it exists without the act of loving, and where it demands so cost- ly a thing as a human heart to satisfy the hunger of a selfish vanity. The false passion exhibits all the outward symptons of the real one ; and what renders discrimination be- tween the two more difficult is, that it (Mtn, if not always, is, in some measure, mixed with it ; for to love, and not to desire to be loved in return, would be as little in accord- ancewith reason as with nature. It is on these false grounds that women sometimes marry ; and what an awakening to the truth comes then? The affection which had sup- plied abundant food for vanity, where it could be exhibited as a trophy of conquest, or ebile the freshness of the vietory enhanc- ed its value, palls and wearies in the privacy of clomeatic life. berries, trim the vines to three feet high, so the latterals will start out well, these bear the most berries. The suggestion about trimming vines just before you pick, holds good with blackberries. Put blackberry rows seven feet apart certain s nd grow in hedge rows. I've about come to the con- clusion that the Snyder requires the least care and cultivation of any blackberry. Still the Waehusett is a good berry, but you must trim the vines, Inc if it don't throw out latterals, it wont beer as much fruit. cionneems. I believe Fay's Prolific is the coming cur- rant. The Versaillesis good if gaslots of manure and first-class culture. Currants to thrive several years at one setting must be planted four feet apart each Way and the cultivator kept going both ways of the bush a,nd then hoe too. With neglect you don't get any return for a profit, I believe the blank currant will pay to raise and I mean to icia some this spring; they are excellent wit meat as a MUM GOGERBERRIES mildew most of the time, but a few pay. The currant worm tackles them first so be on your guard. White hellebore is a sure preventative for the worm. GRAPE 017LTITRE to be profitable wants to be carried on in a hill town like Concord, Billerica or Lincoln, where frosts don't take you unawares and make the fruit drop before it is mature. Pears, plums, quinces and apples ere to be *.ided to a fruiters list of marketable wares • and so should be undertaken gradULAY, 80 only a few varieties. You can aell ten bushels of pears all of one kind better than one bushel eack of ten kinds. Ordinarily an acre of any one kind of frpit well cared for is better tban more of a kind, ansi you confine! pickers generally to handle them. I want to recommend stands that hold four quart and six quart baskets with Itmolle and legs to keep off thegrounds. Make a pickerbrieg in his stand every time and each picker have a crate with Ms name thalked on ib. You find out then how they pick and how EAGat arlsi how full the baskets are they pick deeper and better by the quarethan lsy tlae hour. An Flephant That Oettld Oonnt Twenty;! Mr, Arthur Olay sends the following in, stance of the sagacity of the elephant. It was told roe, he says, by Mr. Quay—at the *nue a non-commissioned offieer in the First Battalion of the Sixtieth Rifles, but now one of her Majesty'a Ye.oran of the Guard, la 1853 his regiment was ma.rehing frons Pesheavor Kopulvie, and was amoneenied by a train of elephants. It was the efety of the mahout in charge of cacti e4bant to prepare twenty chupetties, or441. cakes made of coarse dour, for his charge. When the twenty chupattles were ready they were placed before the elephant, Wh0, derieg the process of counting, never attempted to touch one of them watil the full number was completed. On the occasion related, by Mr. Quay one of the elephants hat/seized the op- portnnity of bis mahout's etteetin beiug distracted for a moment be meal aTul low oue of the chemetties. When the mahout, haviog finished the preparation, began to count them out, he of course dim covered the theft, stud presented his elterge with nineteen in place of the noel number, 'I'he elephant instantly appreciated the fact of there being one less than he had a right to expect, and refused to touch them, es, preSSing his indignation by loud trumpet- ing% Tide brought the conductor of the elepharit line (with whom hie. Quay bed been in convereetion) on thescene. Having heard the mcplauation of the mahout, the conductor decided that the mahout was itt fault for not keeping a better lookout, and domed him to provide the twentieth cake at his own cosn When this was prepared ncl added to the pie, the elepnant at once tempted end ete them, htelligence of Worms, It worms are able to judge, either before drawing or after haviim drawn an object close to the mouthe of their berrowe, how best to drag it, ie, they moat empire some notion o(ita general shape. 1111% they prob. ably acquire lay touching it in many places with the anterserextrenuty of their bodies, which serves as a, tactile coman. It tinny be 'ell to remember how perfect the KIM ef welt Weenies in a.man when burn Win a, and deaf 35 are worms. If W011115 have the power of acquiring some notien, hoe ever rude, of the alive el an object and of their lincrowe, as memo to be the case, they deserve to be called intelligent for thy then 30t in mean the saute manner as would a man under similar circtunstaneen To sum up, as chance doca not determine the GUITI. ner bus which objects are drawn into tlus burrows, and as the existence of specialised inetinets for each particular ease cannot be admitted., the first and most natural sup- position le that worms try all methods until they at /mit mimed ; but many appearances are (Tinned to such a supposition. One alternative &lone bus left—nasdely, that worms, although standing low it: Ilse reale of organfration, possess some degree of in. telligence. This will stake every ono us very improbable; but it may be cloulited whether we know enough about the nervous system of the lower annals to heftily our natural distrust of such a conclusion. Wtth respect to the small size of the cerebral gauglia, we should remember what a mass of idherited knowledge, with some power of adapting means to an end, is crowded into the minute brain of a worker aut.—Darwin. 'Women who Please lifem moo in many respeets, 15 a peculiar animal; says a writer so the Ladies' Home Journal for March. He is easily peretaided by a woman, but bus cannot be driven. A woman who seeks a man's admiration and says by her demeanor or by suggestion "Admire my beauty or my brightness," is the woman from whom a nia.n will euret quicker than from anything else. A woman always makes a mistake when she attempts to force her beauty or ber tal- ents upon a man—or upon another woman for that matter. A woman who seeks admir- iv always reminds me of a hollyhock, conspicuous and Ramming, and anxioua to be seen. Now, men never care for holly. hocks It is not a teann favorite Rower. The violet, or a Isalf blown rose is more to his taste. Go where there is a cempany of well dressed men, in evening costume, with boutonierres, and, if in semen, the violet and the rose, will be seen on the lapel of nearly every coat., And what is mue with men of flowers, is true of what he always associates with them—women. A man likes to discover a violet or a rose; be wants to find out its charm himself ; he doesn't wish a directory to aid him in this, and he is very contemptuous of the woman, who here, there and everywhere asks his admiration. The women mho are Dopular with men are the women who impress them with their womanliness. and by this is meant that subtle something that says "1 do nob thrust myself forward, but perhaps if you find me you may like me." Men have always liked ' voyages of discovery, and they like to seek the ideal woman, and not have her thrust. her greatness upon them. Educated Baboons. The Hottentots say that baboons can talk,. only they w'll not, for fear they should be made to work; and there certain y is but . i little work to be got out of those ,unning hands. Nevertheless, we read of s me ba- boons who have been taught tc 'do useful work. There was an obituary notice a year or more ago itt. all the Cape papers of one of' those trained baboons, well known in the colony, who used to act as signalman on ths. railway,' in place of his master, who was lame. The story was doubted by the Eng- lish papers who copied it ; but we been met. with manypeople who had seen the animal at his work. Mrs. Carey, Hobson, too, in one of her pleasant little "South African Stories," tells of a baboon who had come . under her own notice, who had been taught to ride after a Dutch hoer as groom, and to dismount and hold . the horse by sitting on the bridle when his master Went into a,. house ; and. we have seen a troupe of monkeys.. . of various kinds taught to do a gaeat many curious tricks; but in these, 'again, they have been rivaled by dogs. • , • The air may be made toenrien the soil, and add nitrogen thereto,by growing clover and plowing under green manueal crops, Land that has been left in fallow has been known to increase in fertility by the mitre genous matter carried down to the soil ky the rains, which derive anou( s4 ram acid from the atumaphere