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The Exeter Times, 1888-9-6, Page 3- "ROUGHING IT IN THE BUSH," CHAPTER VL Oen SATAN AND Tont Wiesote's NOSE. A nose, kind ea I Sere mother Neture, With all !ter !realm, Met formed this feature. such were mine, ed Me and trade it, An eiveat the gods had never ramie it Alter reducing the log cabin into some sort of order, we oentrived, with the aid of a few boards, to make a bedeaoset fee poor Torn Wilson., who continued Mr shake every cloy withehe pitiless ague. There was no way of admitting light andair iitto this do- micile, which opened into the general apart - meat, but through a equare hole out in one of the plan, just wide enough to admit a man's head through the aperture. Here we made Tem a oonafortable bed on the floor, ancieled the test we could to nurse him through his sickness. His long thin face, ernacetted with disease, and surrounded by huge black whisker, and abeard of a week's growth, looked perfectly unearthly. He had only to oboe at the baby to frighten her almoet out of her with. "How fond that young One isof me, he would say; "she cram for joy at the sight' of • me." Among his curiositiee, and he had many, he held in great esteem a huge nose, made hollow to fit his nose, which his father, a being ahnost as eccentric •as himself, had • carved oat of looxivood. Whethe slipped this nose over his own (which was no beau- tiful classical, speoimen of a nasal organ), it Made a meet perfedt and tideous diagram. The raother who bore atim never would re- cognized her amoniPlished son. Numberless were the tricks he played off with tbis nose. Once he walked through the streets of --, with this proboscis at- tached to his face. "What a nose Look at the man with the nose 1" cried all the boysin the street. A party of Irish emit - grants passed' at the moment. The men, with the courtesynatural to their nation, i forbore to laugh n the gentleman's face; but after they had,passed Tom lookedback and saw them bent half double in convul- alone of mirth. Tom made the party a low bow, gravely took off his nose, and put it in his pooket. The day efter this frolic, he had a very severe fit of ague, and looked oto ill that I really entertained fears for his life. The hot fit had just left him, and he lay upon his bed bedewed with a cold perspiration, in a. state of complete exhaustion. "Poor Tom," said I, "he has passed a horrible day, but the worst is over, and I will zneke him a cup of coffee." While pre- paring it, Old Satan came in and began to talk. to myhusband. He happened to sit directly opposite the aperture which gave light and air to Tom's berth. This man was diegnstinglyugly. He had lost one eye in a quarrel. It had been gouged out in a free iigbt, and the side of his face presented a suceeesioti of horrible scars inflicted by the teeth of his savage adversary. The nick- name he had, azquired through the county sufficiently testified to the reepectability of his character and dreadful tales were told of him in the neighborhood, where he Was alike feared and bated. • The rude fellow, with his accustomed in- riolancee beganabusing the old country folks. Trim English were great bullies, he said; they thoughb no one could fight but them- eielves ; but the Yankees had whipped them, and would whip them again. He was not afear'd of them, he never was afear'd in his life. Scarcely were the words oat of his mouth, when a horrible aspiration presented itself to hievievi. Slowly rising from his bed, and putting on tete fictitious nose, while he drew his white night-cap over his ghastly and livid brow, Tom thrust leis face through the aperature, and Uttered a diabolical cry; then sank down upon his unseen couch as • noiselessly as he had arisen.. The cry was like nothing human, and it was echoed by an involuntary scream from the lips of our maid -servant and myself. • "Good God 1 what's that?" cried Satan, falling back in his chair, and pointing to the vacant aperture. "Did yoa hear it ? did •you eee it? It beats the universe. I never saw a ghost or a devil before!" Moodie, who had recognized the ghost, and greatly enjoyed the fun, pretended profound ignorence, and coolly insinuated that Old Satan' had loot his senses. The man was bewildered; he stared at the va- cant aperture, then at us in turn, as if he doubted the accuracy of his own vision. • "'Tis tarnation odd," he said; "but the women heard it too." "I heard a sound," I said* "a dreadful sound, but I seer no ghost." " Sure an' 'twee himsel'," said my Lowland Scotch girl, who now porceived the joke; " was a seekin'• to me us puir bodies a wee frioht." • "How long have you been subject to these Bort of fits ?" said I. • "You had better speak to the doctor about them. • Such fan- cies, if they arahot attended to, often end in madness." "Mad 1" (very indignandy) "1 guess rm not mad, but as wide awake as you are. Did I not see it with my own eyea ? And then the nein- I could not make such a • tarnation eatery to slave my life. But be it • man or devil, I don't care, I'm not efear'd," doubliog his fist very 'undecidedly at the hole. Again the ghastly head was protrud- ed -the dreadful eyes rolled wildly in their hollow sockets, and a yell more appalliug than tile former rang through the room. The matt sprang from his Maar, whieh he overturned in his fright, and stood tor an in - dant with his one eyeball starting from his head, and glaring upon the spectre ; his cheeks deadly pale; the cold perspiration streaming,from his face ; his lips disoever ed, and his teeth chattering in his head. "Thete-there--there. Look-loole, it comb again -the devil 1. -the devill" Here Tom, evho still kept hie eyes fixed upon his victim gave a knowing wink and thrust his tonne out of his month. He is coming 1 -he is coming I" cried t se affrighted wretch; anti clearing the open on*ay with one leap, he fled acromi the • field, at full speed. The stream intercepted hb path -he paasedit at a bound, plunged tato the foreat, and was out of Sight. "Eta, ha, ha 1" cluickled poor Tom, sink- ing down eihausted on his bed. "Oh that I had strength to follow up nay adventage, • I would lead old Satan ouch a rem that he should think his natneetike Wite in truth be - fors him." During the sit weeks that we inhabited that wtetohed oabin, We never were troubled by Old Satan again. • • Aa Tom ,slowly recovered, and began to regain his appetite, hie *foul sickened over the ealt beef and pork, which owing to out' Matthaei froth -, feinted Our ptineipal fare, Ile pOsitieely reitmed to thuoh the sad bread, as my "Yankee neighbours very appropriatelY teened the unleavened °ekes in the pan; and it Was no easy matter to send a man on horoebaole eight miles to fetch a loaf of bread; "Do, my dear Mrs, Moodie, like a good iehrisitan as you are, give , me a morriel the baby'rl biecuit, stud try and make ue igeee ue is uneatable,'' said Wilkens to me* Le most Imploring accents. "Moet willing, But I have no yeast; end I never baked in one of thooe strange kettles in my life." " I'll go to old Joe's wife and borrow some," seid he; "they are alwaye borrow - bag ef you." Away he went &MSS the field, but soon returned. I looked into his jug -it ,was empty. "No lucks" said be; " therm stingy wretches had just baked fine tett& of bread, and they would neither lend nig sell p, 1f; but they told rae how to make their emptying." • " Well ; diseuse the Same;" but 1 11111Oh doubted if he eould remember the recipe. "You are to take an old tin pan," said be, sitting down on the atool, and poking the fire with a atiok. "Inst it be an old one 2" said 1, laugh- ing. "Of course ; they mid so." "And what aM I to put into it ?" " Patience ; let me begin at the beginning, Some our and some raiile-bute by George; I've forgot all' about it. I was wondering as I Mlle &MVOS the field why they called theyeast miiieeraptyings, and that put the WAY to make it quite out of my. head. But never mind; it is only ten o'clock by my watch, 1 heve nothing to do; I will go again." He went. Would I had been there to hear the colloquy netween lam and Mrs. Foe; he described it something to thia effeet "Mrs. Joe "Well stranger, what do you want now ?" Tom : "1 have forgotten the way you told nae how to make the bread."r "Mrs. Joe; "1 never Old you tow to make bread. I guess you are a fool. People have to raise bread before they °en bake it. Pray who sent you to make game of me I guess somebody as wise as your- self." Tom : "The lady at whose house I am staying." Mrs. Joe: " Lady I I can tell you that we have no ladles here. So the woman who lives in the old log shanty' in the hollow don't know how to make bread. A clever wife that 1 Are you her husband?" (Tom shakes his head.)-" Her brother ?"-(An• other shake.)-" Her son? Do you bear? or are you deaf ?" (going qUite close up to him.) . Tom (moving back "Mistress, Pm not deaf; and who or what Lam Ls nothing to you. Will you oblige me by telling me how to make the mill•emptyinge ; and thin time I'll put it down in my pocket -book." Mro. Joe (with a strong sneer); " emptyings I Milk, I told you. So you ex- pect me to annWer your questions, and give back nothing in return• Get you gone; I'll tell you no more about it." , Tom (bowing very low) : "Thank you for your civitity. Is the old woman who lives in the little shanty near the apple -trees more obli hag?" s. Joe': "That's my hatband's mother. You may try. I guess she'll give you an answer." (Exit, slamming the door in his face.) _ "And what did you do then?" said L Oh, went of course. The door was open, and I reconnoitered the premises before I ventured in. I liked the phiz, of the old woman a dose better than that of her daugh- ter-in-law, although it was cunning and in- quisitive, and as sharp as a needle. She was busy Melling cobs of Indian corn into a barrel. I rapped at the door. She told me to dome in and in I stepped. She asked me if wanted her. I told her my errand, at which she laughed heartily." Old woman " Yeu are from the old country, I guess, , oryou would know how- to mike mitt-emptying/se Now, L always prefer bran-emptysngs. They make the best bread. The milk. 1 opine elves it a eourish taste, and thabran is the least trouble." Tom: "Then let us have the bran, by all means. How do you make it?" Old woman " I put a double handful of bran into a email pot, or kettle, but a jug will do, and a teaspoonful of salt; but weed you don't kill it with salt, for if you de, it won't rise. / then add as mucfl. warm water, at blood -heat, as will mix it ineo a etiff bat. ter. I then put the jug into a pan of warm 'water, and set it on the hearth near the fire, and keep it at the same heat until it rises, which it generally will do if you at. tend to it in two or three hours' time. When the bran oracles at the top, and you see white bubbles rising through it, you may strain it into your flour, and lay your bread. It makes good bread. Tom: My good woman, I am greatly obliged to you. We have no bran; mai you give me a small quantity?" Old woman "1 never give anything. You Englishers who come out hero with stacks of money Mal afford to buy." Tom: "Sell rre a small quantity." Old woman: "1 guess 1 will." (Edging quite close and fixing her sharp eyes on him,.) "Yon mutt be very rich to buy bran." Tom (quizzically): "012, very rich." Old woman: "How do you get your money?' ' Tom (sarettaticaUy) : "1 don't steal it." • Old woman : " P rays net, I guess you'll soon let others do that for you, if you don't take care. Are the people you live with re, lilted to you ?" Tom (hardly able to keep his gravity: "On Eve's side, They are my friends." , Old woman (im surprise): "And do they keep you for nothing or do you work for your meat ?" Tom (impatiently) : "Is that bran ready?" (The old woman goes to the binn and measures out a Dort of bran) "What am I to pay you?" , ()Id woman "A 'York shilling." Tom (witting to teat her honesty): " Is there any difference between a York shilling and a shilling of British currency ?" , Old woman (evasively) : I guess not. Is there net a place in England called York (Looking up and leering knowin dty in his fact.) Torn (laughing): " You are not going to mine York over me in that way, or Yankee either, There is threepenee for your peend of bran; you are are enormoustly paid," Old WOMell (calling after dm): "Bub the recipe; do yeu allow nothing for the recipe ?" Tom "It is included in the price of the bran." "And so," eaid he, "1 came away laugh- ing, rejoicing, in my sleeve that I had die. appointed the avaricious old Meat." • The next thing to be done was to set the brat rising. By the help of Tom's reap°, It was duly mixed in the coffeepot, and placed within a tin pan, full of hot water, by the side of the fire, I have often heard it said that a watched ,pot never boils; and there ceetairily was no lack of watehers this °ate, Tom sat for hotire tegarding it With his large heerey eyes, the Pallid bulbar ed it frore time to tiene, and statue ten minutes were ouffered to elope° without nay testing the heat et the Water, and the gat() of the emptyinge ; but' the day slipped slowly away, and night dteW ein, and yet Nee decent bread, The 010 your itetVant the watched pot gave no signs of vitality, Tom eighed deenly when we sat down to tea with the old tare. "Never mind," mid he, "we shall get poroo good bread, in the morning; it must get up by that time. I will wait till then. I could almost *starve before Muld touch these leader) cokert.'0' The tea-thiegs were retrleved. Tom took up his flute, and commenced a series of the wildeat voiuntery Airs that ever were breathed forth hY human lunges Mad jigs, to which the gravest of maakind might have out ementrio 'mem. We were all core vulsed with leughter. In the midst of oae of these droll movements* Tom suddenly hopped like,a,kangaege (which feat he per- formed by raising himself upon tip•thes, then flinging himself forward with a otoop- ing jerk), towards the hearth, and squinting down into the coffee-pot in the moat quizzi- oal meaner, 'exclaimed, " Miserabre chaff 1 If that does not Make you rise nothing will." • I left the bran all night' by the fire. Early in the morning 1 had the patisfaction of finding that it had risen high above the tint of the pot, and al& aurrounded by a fine crown of bubble, "Batter late than never " thought I, as I emptied the emptyings into my flour., 'Tom is not up yet, I will make him so happy with a loaf of new beecttl, nice home - baked bread, for hie bree.krest." It was my first CanadJaz 1 telt•quite proud of it, as I placed it in the odd machine in which it was to be baked. I did not understand the method of baking In these OVIIIIIS; or that my bread should have remained in the kettle for half an hour, until it had risen the second time, before I applied the fire to it, in order that the bread should be light. rt not only required experience Co know when it Waa in a fit state for baking, but the Oven should have been brought to a proem; temperature to receive the Weed. Ignorant of all this, I put my =risen leaf into a cold kettle, and heaped a large quan- titeaof hot ashes above and below it. The first intimation I had of the reselt of my experiment was the disagreeable °doer of burning bread filling the house. 're "What i this horrid smell ?" oried Tom, Liming from hie domicil ,e in his shirt sleeves, "Do open the door, Bell (to the maid); 1 feel quite sick." "It ie the bread," said taking off the Id of the oven with the tongs. "Dear me, t is all burnt ?" "And smells as sour as vinegar," The black bread of Sparta " Alas 1 for my maiden loaf 1 With a rue- ful face I placed it on the breakfast table. "I hoped to have given you a treat, but I fear you will find it worse than the cakes in the pan. "You may be sure of that," said Tom, as he stuck his knife into the loaf, and drew it forth ;fevered with raw dough, "Oh, Mrs. Moodie, I hope yon make better books than bread." We were all sadly disappointed. The others submitted to my failure good-natured- ly, and made it the subject of many droll, but not unkindly, witticisms. For myself, I could have borne the severest haffiction from the pen of the most formidable critic with more fortitude than I bore the cutting up of my firat loaf of bread. After breakfast, Moodie and Wilson rode into the town; and when they returned at night, brought several long letters for me. Ah ! those first kind letters from home I Never shall I forget the rapture with which I grasped thee -the eager, trembling haste with which I tore them open, while the blinding tears which filled my eyes hinder- ed me for some minutes from reading a word which they contained. Sixteen years have sheerly I:KOWA away -it appears half a cene tury-but never, never can home letters give me the intense joy those letters did. After seven years' exile, the hope of return grows feeble, the means are still less in our power, and our friends give up all hope of our return; their leteers grow fewer and colder, their expressions of attachment are less vivid; the heart has formed new ties, and the poor emigrant is nearly forgotten. Double those years, and it is as if the grave had closed over you, and the hearts that once knew and loved you know you no more. Tom, too, bad a large packet of letters, Which he read with great glee. After re - perusing them, he declared his intention of Betting off on his return home the next day. We tried to persuade him to stay until the following spring. and make a fair trial of the country. Arguments were thrownaway upon him; the next morning our ementric friend was ready to start. "Good-bye I" quoth he, shakine me by • the hand as if be meant to sever it from the wrist.' "When next we meet it will be in New Solith Wales, and I hope by that time you will know how to make better bread." And thus ended Tom Wilsonef emigration to Canada. He brought out three hundred pounds, British ourreney, he remained in the country just four months, and returned to England with barely enough to pay his passage home. (To in CONTINITEDO Night Among the Rffls, • So atm 1 So still 1 The night comes down on vale and hill! Eto strangely still, I can not close My eyes in sleep! No watchman goes About the little town to keep All safe at night. I can not sleep 1 So dark 1 So dark I Save here and there a flittering spark, Tho Reedy's tiny lamp, that makes The dark more dense. My spirit quakes With terrors vague and undefined! see the hills loorn up behind. So near 1 So near! Those solemn mountains, grand and drear, \ Their rooky annum -its! Do they stand ' Like sentinels to geard the land? Or jailers, fitter; and grbn and stern, To shut us in till day return I hear a sound, A chirping, faint, low on the ground: A sparrow's nest is there. I know • The birdlings flew three days ago Yet still return each night te rest And sleep in the forsaken nest. No tar r NO fear 1 pimp, thnid heart! Sleep safely here 1 A million helpless :areatu Ns rest Securely on Hsrth's kindly breast; While Hight her solemn silence keeps. He wakes to watch who never sleeps. Guest-Reea waiter. Take this away. iiI ordered spring chicken, and this is a layng hen. Waiter -'Deed 'taint, boss!. Date spring chicken, oho. Gueet-Not this spring, Waiter (ingeniouely)-No, sah ; not dis spring's, but last pring's. Iliter a little E10011 yit, boo, foi die yer'o spring chickens, Mother (to d, atighter)--" I wet sitrprified and shocked, Clare, that you should rahow so little emotion at the funeral of ,your Uncle dunes. And he leaves you in his will $10,000, too." Daughter...-' Yee, mamma ; but when the funeral took place 1 had no idea that dear Uncle &ones, hed remembered mo oo generouely," InSpiratiOn by ite Own resultant action may amount to revelation. LOVe has away of conferrieg wisdom ; conacienoe, quickened and edeatted, refleets light upon the judg- ment, 8tit We should Say that revelation is the inCreased seeing ability of mind which ;mime frog* purified Ote:1 etrellgthefted eple. tion, not a direct ctoritinunication to the in- tellect," STATISTICS, The pdPulatiets of Rome grows at the rateof 18,000., to 2000, a‘ year. At the olose of 1887 it was 382,973. "In Ilueland the proper ratio of doctors to populatien is said to be one to 1,200; but by this rule there are 1,943 too many deotots ia London , and while 600 die ever year 1,800 new ones are turned gut, CoMpetitioh ie go, great that in some parte, oS the crity doo- tote will see apattent, presoribe, and supply medicine for sixpence a visit." According tote new Domeaday Book of England, aboet two-thirds eil the land of England and Wales is held by 10,207,own- ors; of whom 16 proprietore outoide of Lon- don were returned in 1873 ,as either holding more than 50,000 mem, or having estimated rentals, of over $500,000 a year. They Were : Acres. Rental. Duke of Northumberland181,616 $809,370 Duke of Devonshire 126,904 638,165 Sir W. W. Wynn • 87,256 214,410 Duke of Cleveland . .. 71,441 309 220 Earl of C trlisle • 75,540 248,005 Duke of Bedford . 74 996 638,265 Earl of Londridale 67,457 349,795 Earl ot Pawls, 60,531 313 470 Duke of Ratland57,082 354,990 Earl of Derby.. . . 56,471 ' 815,975 Earl of Yarborough-- , 55 272 38L,130 Lcird Leconfield 54,615 259,700 Marquis of Aileabury 53,362' 290,150, Ettrl Ceavdor 51.517 174,935 Sir Lawrence Palk... 10,109 546,375 Sir J. W. Reresden- . . 8,589 838,005 This tette is for England and Wales alone, • nd it leaves out the Duke of Westminster as being a great landed proprietor of Lon - den. How far the rental of the estates has kept up since 1873, under the general Agri- cultural depression, we cannot estimate. The number of owners 61 land in Great Britain and. Ireland, exclusive of London, was officially returned in 1876 as •Leos More • than than • one acre. one acre., Total. England and Wales 703,289 269,547 972,836 Scotland.... 113 005 19 225 132,230 Ireland 36,114 32,614 68,728 . Total. , . 852,408 321,386 1,173,794 The total number of acres accounted. for in the returns is 72,119,882. In England and Wales 874 owners held 9,367,031 mores, or more than one-fourth of the country. Lees than 4 per cent. of the population of Scotland, about 6 per cent. in England, and leas than 2 per cent. in Ireland have a share in the ownership of the soil. The 12 largest owners inEngland hold an aggregate of 1,058,883 acres ; the 12 in Scotland, 4,- 339,722 ; and the 12 in Ireland, 1,297,888. In England 1, in Ireland 3, and in Scotland 24 individuals hold more than 100,000 acres each. We might go on with theae statistics at great length, but have: given all that are intellectually dieestibie at this time. They show that of the total population of the United Kingdom, oe about 35,000,000, less than 1,200,000 hold any land at all, and of those more than two-thirds own less than an acre, while about 10,000 individuals hold more than two-thirdS of the whole area, and 30 persons smut dhe-tenth of it. Tae winnipegSun saysit-A Sun represen- tative, in making the usual daily visit to the rooms of the Civic Colonization Com- mittee this morning, found Mr. C. N. Bell, secretary of the committee, busily engaged imparting information to a well-to-do On- tario farmer, who contemplates removing to Manitoba next spring. Mr. Bell gave sorne.picture lessons of facts connected with the filZe and value of last season's wheat crop. He kindly consented to their publica- tion, and they were taken by the reporter as follows :- The estimate is made on the basis of last year's viheat crcp, Whieh WM 14,000.000 bushels. A few years ago, when Red River carts were the only mode of conveyance, an average load was estimated at between eight and nine hundred pounds. If eve were dependent on this conveyance to -day, it would take one million carts to carry out the crop of -wheat. They would extend . in a straight line five mil- lions of yards, or 2,841 miles, which is practically the distance of the C.P.R. from Vancouver to Montreal. • The wheat would make 550,000,000 pounds of bur, and would weigh about 840,000,000 pound/J. Transporting it in carloads of 650 bueliels, weighing 39 000 pounds each, it would require 21,538 was, making up a train 796,906 feeb, 265,635 yards. or 151 miles in length, or it would load 466 vessels with 30,000 bushels each. Supposing a farmer's sleigh or waggon load to be one and a half tons, it would require 233,333 waggons to carry the wheat. Supposing the average distance of the farmers from market to be eight miles, in going and oom• ing to deliver the wheat of the province our fanners would travel 3,733,328 miles. This wheat would feed, according to ihe adopted amount laid down per heed of popu- lation, 2,800,000 people for one year, and would feed the present population of Man itoba for 21i years. It would seed 7,000,000 acres at two bushels to the acre, or 10,937 square miles. It would seed a mile in desth along the Grand Trunk railway frora Toronto to, Montreal 33 timea over, or a strip two-thirds of a mile wide around the world in this latitado. , The acreage • under wheat lest year in Manitoba equals a strip of land two miles wide extendipg front Toronto to Montreal. • TIM WOOL CLIP OF TIM WORLD. The London "Live Stock Journal" says that the French Minieter of War has incid- entally obtained, in conneotion With an order for the manufacture of military oloth, some interesting information with regard to the production of wool. According to the report whiott has been submitted to him'the total productrhof wool throughout the world may be put at goopo tons, value $580,000,- 000. Australia and New Zealand poasess 5,000,000 sheep, producing 100,000 tone of wool, worth 8114,160,000, besides 16 pet cent, more representing the value of the annual wool clip. The Cepe of Good Hope produces mom tons of wool, worth $9,680,- 000. Le Pieta posaesstes 1,000,000,000 sheep, producing 50,0009 tone of wool, worth $4,. 840,000, while the United States possesses 50,000,000 sheep, which do not, however, yield • all the wool that is required, the difference being made up by im- ports from La Plata and Australia. Europe passeriset; 200,000.000 sheep yielding 200,000 tons of wool, and �f the various countries in Europa, Russia Produces the mcst wool, followed. by England, Germany and France,. in which latter country the number of eteep has fallen during the last forty yeare item 35,000,000 to 22,000,000. The production of wool inIndia Conned Asia and China it valued at 16400 tont, Of the 800,000 tons of wool produced throughout the world, the greater part of the .Atetralian, New Zealand, Capp and La Plata wool is exportedth London, Liverpeol Aavre, ylarseidersi BordeauX, Dwakirks Genorg Antwerp and Bremen and France Qom' imports 80,000 on cif tine wool, a large pare of which la used for military clothing. The crop bulletin of the Ontario Bureee of Induatriea, based. upon 800 individual reporto, has Peet been issued. A review ehowe that fell wheat ie a poorer crop that it wag bet year, and there has likewise been a deorease in tne acreage sown, to that the yield for 1888 will be about 12,800,000 bushels ae °compared with 14,400,000 last year. Spring wheat ie a good orop, excep- in those eistruits where V110 drought tuts been very severe; but there has been a large decrease in the acreage, and the yield will be only 5.580,000 buehels as compared with 5,633,000 last harvest. en all, there- fore, the crop of spripg and feli wheat thin year is shorter than last rarer by about 1,- 600,000 bushels ; and; as everyone knows, the harvest of 1887 was not a very good one. Barley, however, is a capital crops, the yield being larger by nearly four million bushels than last year's, and on the whole a bright, clean sample. Oatei ia also a good, crop. The yield will probably expeed that of last year by tea million bushels, there having been an increase in the acreage of 160,000 acres. The average yield per acre this year la plac ed at 32 bushels, whereas last year the average was only 29 bushels. The average in the five years from 1882 to 1886 was 30 bushels, On the other hand, there is a serious shortage in hey and clover. Not- withstanding a slight increase in the seer age, the orop this year falls below that of last year by about eleven. hundred thousand. tops; in fact, it is said to be the poorest orop we have had in this province for twenty yeare. It is satisfactory to know, however, that emit orops promise well. Potatoes are remarkably abundant. Fruit is a fair crop; but it has been injured by the drought and by pests. The great exhibition by English co-oper- ative societies at this Crystal Pelson, Lon- don, brings into view the fact that in some oases at least, success has attended co-oper- ative efforts in manufacturing. The Nation- al Co-operative Leber Society has about one hundred branches, of which forty join in this exhibition. There are two or three hind- rances to the 1311000130 of co-operative manu- facturing enterprises that do not beset dis- tributive cooperation, There is, in the first place, more risk hi the business, whether it m carried on by a sin'gle capitalist or by a co- operative compaey. Then there is absolute necessityfor strict business management to seeure economy of products of the factory to advantage. The workers do not usually appreciate this part of the business at its true value. The men who aotually make things usually dart oo•operative factories, and they too often refuse to take in with them the salesmen or business managers, without whose help all their labor will go for naught. It is interesting to observe, however, that some such enterprises have succeeded in England and have grown from small beginnings into great corporations. ' Drinking in Russia. The Russian Goyernment has just issued a volume of statistics containing some inter- esting information. European Russia, ap- pears to have a town population of a little over twelve millions of souls, and a rural pepulation of close on eighty millions, or a total of just under ninety-two millions. This includes Poland and Finland. And to supply the required amount of intoxicating fluids for these evidently thirsty souls it appears that in Russia. in Europe there are 2,377 distilleries, of which 1,574 are for the production of potato spirit. the other being 677 which use grain and 126 using sugar and other substances. Rye spirit appears to be the chief beverage after potato spirit, as tbe amount of rye mad was approximately 31e million ponds, while over sq million pouds of potatoes were consunied for the produc- tion of raw spirit. The Indian corn used amounted to len than Si million ponds, and the quantity of malt consumed in the dis- tilleries WWI 12a millionpanda. Turning to the production of spirits, measured by the strength of forty degrees, we find that over ninety. nlillion gallons were made by the diatillenes in Russia in Europe, of which only about 10 million. gallons were exported There were 140,000 public houses for the sale of liquors, moluding beer houses, and the consumption per inhabitant was meant gallons, or more than double the consumer. tion and export per head of the United Kingdom. The total ordinary revenue of Russia for 1885 is returned at 789 million roubles. Of this 182,377,000 roubles were derived from excise _duties on apirits, and a further 13,500,000 roubles for licences for the sale of spirits. Consequently about one fourth of the revenue is derived from spirits Asiatic races under Russian rule number, accordum to thas return, an additional seventeen millions; making a grand total of the whole of the inhabitants of the Rua- sian Empire of one hundred and nine million. India Rubber Horseshoes. • The proposed substitution of India rubber for metal in the manufacture of horseshoes, says the Mechanical News, is based upon various supposed advantages, one of these being that the former enables a horse to go easily over all kinds of roads and rough or slippery ground with -out slipping. The contrivancie brought forward for this pur- pose is such as to obivate in one instance the hecessity of using an iron shoe. which can be moved momentarily when the horse is not trayelling, and oast also be used when the horse is shod with an iron shoe. • Ac- cording to this design the shoe consists of an India rubber bottom pleee molded to fit over or around the frog and the hoof, with a ledge or projecting rim rising up the front and around about the level where the nails are clamped, the projection having an edg- ing under which a steel band or other op - pietism can be drawn and nipped tight to tetain the rubber shoe, The baud to con- nected by etude, which pass through the heel part of the hoof, this being tut away from the inner side for the purpose, and the stud or studs may work ementrically to ob- tain grip or fixing. if the rubber shoe is used Witis an iron shoe the frog portion or pad has a front plate and two side wings partially imbedded in 11, the plojeotion tak- ing hold under the iron shoe to fix the rub- ber shoe in plane. if the rubber shoe be divided or made thin in the center, a swivel or other bar tan be contracted from the rear to reduce ihe width of the pad so that it enteris easily and also expanded so as to fix the tubber shoe in position. Asking toe licnob, Old lady (to druggist's bole -What doea the proprietor do, boy, In he given arsenic for sometleine else ? Boy-' ell, 1 dune° ; sometimes he does ene.thiag an' oconetinies he does another., Yea 'can't expoot, ma'am, a three.dollar.a. week boy to keep trek of the boss all the trate. 4 Cook righting a 1.001440 -Wass, An =Ping test of the difference of die-, tx,sition in barn yard Jowls maybe made by placing a piece of looking -glass ageinet the trunk of a largo tree, and lying a train of oorn in front of it. Some hem will ditoover what they all take for a new arrival with mild ourposity and merely leek at it inbent- ly, perhape peering round behind the tree and then welic quietly away. Others peck the glass angrily and insist upon fighting, while a few nervous females ;show much the Barrie noisy excitement that seizes upon most hens when they spy a snake. We tried, the valiant old auteerat of the farnayard with this tickandhe was at once roused to fury, Dropping his head when some ten feet in front of theglaso, he began the caut- ious advance by parallels, which every ens familiar with poultry has seen before a Aght. But, of course, he soon lost his enemy • by moving too far to one aide, After crow- ing fiercely and looking around uneasily for a few moments, he returned to the tram of corn'and almost instantly saw the strange cook nearer than before, More stealthy approach, another failure to keep sight of the foe, and greater excitements and a. third time he began to eat only to be startl- ed by the hostile preeence nearer than ever. At last he worked right up to the gime and braced himeelf for the shock of combat, the counterfeit, of °course following his very movement with ominous celerity. There was one fierce peck at the angry head in the glass, and then a °rash, as our infuriat- ed companion hurled himself against hie likeness, breaking the glass into a hundred fragments. The mingling of setonishment; rage, and triumph in this bird's appearance, as he whirled about, otartled at the crack- ing noise, and bewildered by the total dis- appearance of his enemy, was comical to behold. Then he embed around behind the big pear -tree, evidently thinking that the co wardly stranger might be hidden there, Not finding him the victor *strutted about,, too exited It ear, and crowed lovg and loud, over his unprecedented tritunph. Tbe other cock was entirely wiped out of exiatencee and our old fighter, who would crow defiant- ly in ours arms whenever he found himself being carried off the premisee, knowing from sxperience that a set-to was coming, could scercely credit his senses, • The Common B_ense of Marriage. • Marriage shouldbe waited for, trot sought. Who knows round what corner his destiny may be hiding -at what unexpected turn he may come upon the face above all faces for him? To put aside ao far as possible the thought of marriage until compelled to think of it by some strong and special attraction toward, some special person la wiser than to be selking in every chance acquaintance the possible husband or wite. "We shall meet the people who are com- ing to meet u�," no matter in whet far-off` land their journey toward us begins. Per- haps parents are more to blame for worldly marriages than we are apt to think. How constantly we hear the term "married well" applied, not to claarrecter or con- genialiey or true fitness, but to a confer table inooma And yet there/ is something to be saldfor " the sternparent" of the novels, with his "hard facts." The old adage that "when poverty conies in at the door love files out of the window" is true only of small and poor natures -natures incapable of a great love ; but it is nevertheless true that to be oved it is necessary to be lovely, and that is is far more difficult so be lovely when we are hard premed by want and rendered fretful by care and overwork. Human creatures cannot build their nests as inexpensively as thebirds do; and not even the scant hospitality of homestead eaves or orchard boughs await their fledglings. To marry for money, or for any object whatever, save and except immortal and all powerful - Love, IS to perjure and debase the human heart; but to marry without some provision for the future, such as money, or money'e worth in a well•furnished mind and a capacity for skilled labour, is to defy commonft seine and invoke the evil f WhyDo Bees Work in the Dark. A lifetime might be spent in investigat- ing the mysteries; hidden in a bee -hive' and still half of the reecrets would be undiscover- ed. The formation of the cell has long been a problem for the mathematician, while the changes whioh the honey undergoes offer at least an equal interest to the chemist Every one knows what honey fresh from the comb is like. It is a clear, yellow syrup, without a trace of sugar in it. Upon steam- ing, however, ib gradually asturaes a crystal- line appearance -it candies, as the saying is, and ultimately becomes a solid mass of sugar. It has not been suspected that this change is due to a photographer aotion, that the same agent which determines the for- mation ot camphor and iodine crystalin a bottle causes the syrup honey to assume a crystalline form. This, however, is the case. M. Schiebler, an eminent chemist, has enclosed honey in stoppered finks, some of which he has kept in perfect darkness, while others have been exposed to the light. The invariable result has been thee the sunned portion rapidly crystallises, while that kept in the dark has remained perfectly liquid. And thia istewhy bees work in perfect darkness and why they are so careful to obscure the gyms windows vvhioh are sometimes placed in their hives. The •existence of their young depends on the liquidity of the saccharine food presented to them, and if light were allowed acerb to this the syrup would gradually acquire a more or leas solid cousistency ; it would real up the cells, and in all probability prove fatal to the inmates of the hive. A Buggy's Wear and Tear. "How much do you suppose it cost," Belted the eccentric statistician, "to pay 'or wear and tear on a buggy? He aaked the question to allSWEr it, of course, and replied: alt takes two cents a mile. That has been figured out by owners of carriage works, and that is the lowest figure. Two meta a, mile for a buggy driven at a Mot, next come heavy wagons with loads a traction higher and buggies behind speedy henget are higher still. About three cents a, mile is the high- est, and the wear and tear on all kin& a vehicles rut between two and three cents a mile, the kind of preying, whether it is theta or stone, hosing considerable to do with it." Out of the Way, Betty had reluotahtly 'kissed his sister good•mght and was off for bed. "Don'v you rto to lied rather eatly, Bob- by 2" inquired young Mr. Sampeon ; " it'S ymb lotatukti611 limit tool ne. ors lasatte hetx.p"l explained 80,04, ; " she " I have to go tie ted early on the eights; Doing any one thing well -even setting Stitches and plaiting frills -puts a key into one's lilted to the opening of some different eiraeret ; mia we can Mae* knot' What may be te Come out of the msanest drudgery.