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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Exeter Times, 1887-3-24, Page 277Ye OU$4„ficgai1) it wenn until it eraelts the flour and foe= threugh, Then add ilour Nui »iuP stiff and let it rise again. The knead 3ip A Siraple EabyeEasket into loaves, pit into paw, let it riSe egani, AMOng the inyeteriea ei p ezifo net taQ light end bake Oe hour very care - little now -comer, nothing is daintier them fnliY• tAlte baby-baeltet, with lts contents, ready for ColSTanon, RLANO-Manin, AW Ctieen the firtit toilette. Very little expen.ae will °LATE Sauou.-1.'ake two tablespoonfels of Sudden Ohanges Olitnate, If a blizzerd of aeinnal severity were gem - leg from. the northwest that would semi the thermometer down 50' or 7cr in three bents, wo should expect a greet increase of pneu- eve 4,..eco a cenen willow, reed or corn etarch aid nips with cold milk very !,n°"'" and °th°rr°°Pl'At°17 .lis"ses, result* "baker haeliet, se that it. will be as beautiful smooth.; warm as boiling point twe pints of iale ui many deaths, Now, instead of three ae need be. The inaterial of the basket ts of milk, in which some lemon rind, sugar, and very little, &Weed, no importance, es it ls a few drops of essence had been pet, and entirely covered by a cembric of pale pink pour into the corn staroh without the lemon or blue, over which a ;Amer white uiu.alin, peel, while stirriug all the thne, [et slot - dotted. or plat% is drawn in folds or puffs on mer a few minutes while stirring, and pour the inside, and let fall in a full ruffle on lido a shape. Melt a little fresh butter in the outside, the upper edge of the basket ' saucepan, stir in half a spoon of corn floor being finished by a quilling of ribbon in and some chocolate finely scraped, with eolor, "blue for a girl" and "pink for e sugar to taste; pour in warm inilk, stirring boy, and carry it into all this preparatory all the time, and beet up with the yolk of Wardrobe. A basket lined with blue would an egg.Having turned out the blanc -mange have a s:nall blue pincushion, a blue and ' at serving, pone the chocolate sauce over it. White powder box, .bhotigh a pretty white one is babyisla. The basket being covered and furnished with two inside pockets ehould then be filled with all the article necessary for the first dressing. A piece of narrew bobbin, a smell bottleor box of vasel- tne, a lumber of small squares of soft linen, Or the mouth cleansing, a piece of ver soft Needle Notes. Plait stitches are herringbone stitches done so fine and close together as to toudi eaoh other. Chain stitch is very useful for tacking down the edges of applique work on any sponge, square of pure citable soap, Vhese article, but it makes rather a coarse line for artieles will all be required before the outlining. !sloths, and should have a prominent place A lovely effect can be produced by follow - an the basket,for the dressing on top is ing the outlines of a brocaded figure on silk found a strip of soft flannel, torn from a or wool with couching in gold thread on a piece, and turned over only on the edges contrasting color. for the band; the little shirt of hand-knit Darning stitches are very useful for filling wool, two diapers of old soft linen, the pin - tug blanket, flannel petticoat and the slip, in outlines or for making backgrounds. By darned work a beautiful play of color may sada square of flannel or a knit blanket to be obtained on a plain neutral fabric. wrap around the little one when it is carried about. De baby -basket will be found ever h baby's toilette articles a I aline of filoselle or embroidery silk. Secure morning wit it with a thread of another color by bring- - mealy, and there will not arise confusion in mi g tup from the back of the material on athe search for baby's own soap, sponge eto. "Il'or a baby powder, the scented rice powder oue side of the embroidery silk and carrying 'is not as good as cornstarch, to which a it back on the other. The stitches which secure the silk should be exactly equal in luantity of pulverized orris root is •-feeleleds this is the purest and best. In ad - distance from each other. dition, we should also suggest that a cotton • flannel apron, furry side out, is a valuable possession for nurse and mother, asthe little sane can be taken from the bath on to the .lap and rolled up in the apron, which an- swers at the same time the purpose of a soft towel. Foe wiping of head and face, an • old white silk handkerchief is a good thing • to _else at the bath. A dainty wrapper, etwat...uch is very inexpensive, can be made • princess in shape, of cheese chth and cotton wadding. A layer of wadding should be tacked between two of cheese cloth, and fastened at intervals of a few inches by knots of worsted, as in a comfortable, the worsted pale blue or pink. The princess pattern is then laid on and the wrapper cut out, the seams felled on the inside and the edges finished by a buttonhole stitch of blue or pink worsted. These little wrappers can be worn after the bath during the morning, and add warmth as well as save the fresh - fuss of the slip for afternoon. Tracing stitch is very useful in applique embroidery, and is worked by laying down flelpful Hints. Remove flower -pot stains from window- sills by rubbing with fine wood ashes and rinse with clean water. Grained woods should be washed with cold tea, and then, after being wiped dry, rubbed with linseed oil. Let all girls have a share in housekeeping at home before they marry; let each super- intend some department by turns. Avoid. a rich mixed diet for children, it texes their delicate digestive organs, and and gathering impetus as it falls strikes causes inflammatory conditions to ensue. with a force of many hundred tons. A vet - 1.1 the wall about the stove has been eran workman has charge of this massive smoked by the stove, cover the black patches hammer. He starts and drops it by a touch with gum -shellac and they will not strike • of his thumb and finger. I saw an open t hrough either paint or calcimine. face watch laid down on the block; then he dropped the hammer, and he stopped it Lamp wicks should be changed often just in time to break the crystal—end no- thing more. They call this last operation of the furnace the "great heat," and about every monarch there is in Europe has seen it, just as I did yesterday. While I am wondering what they thought about it, the furnace to be eznptied is flaring with im- patience. Through the interstices of its great door blue, red and purple flames are leaping out. A HUGE CRANE SWINGS, round a pair of pincers, at the end of which a dozen Britons cluster. The door rises a little, the white light blinds us, and al- though I am at least twenty yards away. To save stair carpets nail several thick the heat burns my face uncomfortably, Tiesses of old carpet or canvas over the edge Water is thrown into the awful gap, and of each stair. It is a good plan to buy more then the men perceive their prey. The huge carpeting than is needed to cover the stairs arms part and firmly close, the door rises and move it each season so that the whole to its fullest extent, a clash of the crane will wear evenly. If stair carpets cannot be gear, a shout from the men and out it comes, changed in this way they will not wear near- easily and softly, a monstrous coil. The ,ly so long. crane swings about and places it on end Meat fed children are cross, and irritable, uponthe anvil. Then the hammer falls, and quarrelsome. Meat once a day shaking the solid floor beneath us, crushing is suffi- dent ; the other meals should consist of milk the red-hot mass inches down at a blow, welding it coils together so that they can toast, cracked wheat, graham gems, oatmeal, never part. But the inside hollow has been gluten, fruit, fruit puddings, milk and such knocked out of shape by this process, so, even than meat, andould beaten at 'food. Eggs, fish and balls ,are better itti when the tube has been reduced to its pro - e breakfast; the other mea being farinaceous. Per length, a solid mandril is deftly slipped GREAT GUNS OF ENGLAND. A DESCRIPTION OR THE PROCESS OF MANUFAC- TURING THEM. England's big guns are made of bars such as that just described, coiled spirally, and welded into a solid mass by the hammer. These red hot furnaces contain a straight bar ; at a word the door is slightly raised, and with hugh nippers its head is seized by loops made for the purpose. A steam winch draws on the glowing mass, and brings it to a horizontal capstan fixed before the door. A water hose is turned upon the loop, and while it blackens under the chill a stalwart fellow, wielding a heavy sledge, fixes the loop on a nut projecting from the capstan wheel. Then the machine revolves with re- sistless force, curling the hot metal round and round on its drum neatly and smoothly, and as easily as one of Jordan -Marsh's girls would wind ribbon. So the coil is formed, whether for the breech piece or the body of the gun, or for its jacket. This again is cooled, and after a while is REFINED FOR WELDING under the hammer. You ought to see this Woolwich hammer. It weighs forty tons sheer weight, and when it drops it falls forty feet on to a block that rests on piles, massive masonry and enorm- ous quantities of iron. Between two great shafts this hammer is suspended, a solid block, which, driven from above by steam, enough to insure having a good light. If they seem clogged they may be washed in strong suds and put into the lamps again. A young babe should not be fed more fre- atently than once in two hours, and by the time it is three months old, once in three hours is preferable. A child is not hungry -every time it nestles and frets. A butter stamp should always be washed 'in cold salt water before it is used. If *caked in hot water the butter will stick to it, but never if soaked in coldlbrine. The salt •absorbed by the wood keeps it moist while use, lima, suppose the meroury.were to drop threescore degrees in three 7114420es—or take another step in fancy, and suppose this great change to take piece hi three seconds— what weuld likely be the effect on heath? O Ayet wo bring about, artifically, changes to ourselves quite as sudden and as severe as this. We make an artificial climate in our houses. We live in -doors in an atmosphere heated by stoves, furnaces, or idea:it-pipes, to /00 or 80'; and we pass from our parlor or hall so heated into the open air. At a step, literally in a breath, the temperature of the air hes, for us, dropped 50' or 70". We inay put on an extra coat or shawl and shield the outside of the body and chest, but we caa not shield the delioate linings and membranes of the air -passages the bronchial tubes, the lung -cells. air-passages, they receive the full force of the changio— the last breath at 70 ° , the next at freezing or zero—and all Unprepared. We have been sitting, perhaps for hours, in a tropical at- mosp.here ; nay, worse, in an atznosphere deprived by hot iron surfaces of its ozone and natural refreshing a,nd bracing qualities. Our lungs are all relaxed, debilitated, un- strung; and in this condition the cold air strikes them perhaps 60 0 below what they are graduated to and prepared for. Is it strange if pneumonia and bronchitis are at hand? If we are in the West Indies, or even in Florida, and wish to come North in winter, we try to make the changes gradual. But in our houses we keep up a tropical climate, or w orse, for you have not the freshness of air that prevails in an open tropical atmo- sphere, and we step at once into an atmo- sphere as much colder as 40 0 difference of latitude will make it. It is in effect going from Cuba to Iceland at a step, and we make the journey perhaps a dozen times a day. And often, while we are still shut up in our domiciliary Cuban climate, Iceland comes down upon us from an open window. Especially is this likely to occur in school- houses, where children will instinctively seek to get a breath of fresh air that has not had all its natural refreshing qualities quite cooked out by hot stoves, furnaces, or steam - pipes. And all these sudden changes and shocks of cold come upon us while the whole system has its vitality and powers of resist- ance gauged down to the low necessities of a tropical climate. Regularity in Eating. If there is one table -law about which all persons are agreed, it is, that our meals should be taken at stated and regular per- iods. People may differ about vegetarian- ism, about sweets, abouu pies and. cakes, about tea and coffee; but I have never met' a person who would insist that regularity was of no consequence—that it was just as well to take two meals to -day and five to- morrow, to take dinner ot one o'clock to- day, three to -morrow, and five next day. Without understanding the physiological law, all are agreed. that regularity is impor- tant. A long journey by rail does not derange the stomach because of sitting in an unven- tilated car, for the traveller, may occupy a still worse place in the pursuit of his busi- ness at home ; neither is it because of the character of the food furnished at the rail- way lunch rooms, for the food at home is often worse; but the stomach derangement which nearly always comes with the long railway trip is, in great part, to be traced to irregularity in the times of eating. In a recent trip, we took breakfast the first morn- ing just after daylight, next morning, at half -past nine o'clock, the next at seven, and so with the other meals ; only one day we had. no dinner at Ail. When we reached our destination we were all suffering from indigestion; some were conscious of no dila ocmfort in the stomach, but not one of us %soaped the dullness and depression of spirits whioh comes of imperfect digestion. Among the table -laws this one of regularity is pre- eminently important. Hints. When a consumptive person finds a clim- ate which agrees with him, he should stay there so long as he lives. GOITRE.—Fill a bag large enough to cover the hypertrophy with chloride of sodium, moisten this and bind around the throat be- fore retiring. Take four times a day three grains of a good goitre powder. We have cured several cases with this treatment in from two to four nionths. Dr. Chas. Pickney was asked what he thought of the allopathetic and homeopathic practice in medicine. "Forty-nine people out of every fifty who are sick would get well without medicine, but the fiftieth would betwixt the hammer and the iron. For two die. Homeopathy does, perhaps, less harm or three blows the contracted coil attempa to the forty-nine then allopathy, but allo- resistance, but it gives way, and the man- pother has to come in to save the fiftieth dell slips to its base, as into butter. Then fellow. the great pincers are used again, and it Love s cough mixture is made thus : One drops the mass on its side, where again it is pint bottle Hoff s malt extract; best whisky magnesia into a fine powder. A small,quan- 1 battered.t.and struck all round. The.irregu- six ounces; glycerine, six ounces; juice of ari ies caused by al his hammering are tity of this may be given in little water withsix lemons; crushed sugar, two ounces; mix d results. afterward removed by the plane, as I have " and boil ten minute goo A very excellent carminative powder for infants subject to colic, may be 'kept in the house and prepared by the nurse or mother; it consists of five grains of oil of aniseed and two of peppermint on half an ounce of lump sager rubbed in a mortar with a drachm of s. The dose is from one already mentioned, and then the gun is teaspoonful to two tablespoonfuls every two "Infantile convulsions usually accompany made by other machinery. teething, indigestion, whooping cough, fev- ers, worms, indeed, any disease that causes a Glaciers in Alaska. by DrLove, in the Weekly Medical Review, reflex action ugon the brain. When a child as a most excellent general cough mixture. ig seized wit convulsions act promptly. There are six hundred glaciers in Alaska BISMUTH ron BURN-S.—Cleanse the parts Get the child into hot water as soon as pos- in nearly every instance having greater di- thoroughly with warm, carbolized water. sible; do not wait to remove its clothing, rnensions than those of Switzerland. •Those Puncture large vesicles. Powder the burn ut it into a foot -tub or a child's tub nearly full glaciers extending down from the Fair- with bismuth, cover this with a thick layer <if water, as hot as can be safely borne, sup- weather group, and from the lesser heights of absorbent cotton, and apply a bandage. f porting it on your two hands. Add from 1 guarding the bay are six in number. They If the injury be extensive, mix the bismuth time to time its much hot water as the hands , are a little more than fifty miles in length, with water, and paint over the part. This . will bear. Keep the child in the water , pointcontracten e bay are permits uniform distribution of a minimum until relaxation of the muscles is produced, • three miles wide, and have it solid face above quantity and lessens the danger of bismuth and have blankets heated meanwhile and the water of two hundred feet with pinnacles poisoningeOnce applied' the dressing should ready to wrap the baby ie n." of spire -like design rising from fifty to one 1 nob b el.' 't x bed coldto remove any pus, _ hundred feet above the more solid mass. r. aild thenlaserlittle eof the bismuth should be 1 Underneath these great cakes of ice and Choice Reoipes. snow the materials constituting the glacier i ' removed as possible. f RAzt CROQUETTBS,—One cupful of fine -1 and which are piled together in the wildest 1 CHAPPED EANDS.—The feneniag very ly chopped cooked ham, one of bread -crumbs, 1 ' simple direction is recommended. "To of disorder, runs a livmg stream of water, coursing through this darkened passage with keep the hands smooth they should always two of hot mashed potatoes, one large ta- 1 blespoonful of butter, three eggs, and a the rumble of a thousand carts. Escaping I be rinsed in fair wider after soap has been speck of cayenneteat the ham, cayenne, 1 from the ice at last, it boils upward from i used. It is well to use soap and soft warm . butter, nd. two of the eggs into the notate. beneath the glacier front, then mingles with , water, aveiding, however, the use of yel- a Let the txtixttire cool slightlyana then r the waters of the bay and flows off to the low or bar soap, and also the colored caa- shape into , , sea. The constant wear of the sunless river 1 tile ; but to prevent roughness it is abso- dip ' croRoll in the bread- .quettea. crumbs, in beaten egg, and again in: acting with all other causes, forces large i lutely necessary the hands should be rinsed ° mimes of ice to break away from the main I ,in soft) fair water, and then made thorough- ,2° crumbs.; put in the frying basket and. plunge on the towel. And it is well to ' body, and as they fall a roar as thouela a : ly dry into boiling fat. Cook two minutes, dram and serve hot. ' i hundred cannon were discharged wakes the ax°i'd Inevertheless med I" The poor Weinen, dia m. ayed, Was eeon afterwercla aelsed with. Beaune ef the meet violent kind. Admitted, d'aegenee, to the clinique of Dr, 13neelloy, P sU he Wput under treatment, but wrthent avail, aud died soon afteimards. ---------e-ae"----,---- itfa)E4$ AND TROtrilla 'ilia Outlier rtillyelettaurettines Attends A minister preo,ching against the love of money had frequently repeated that it was. " the root a all evil," Walking home front the church, one old person said to the other : "A& wasna the minister strang upon the money ?"—" Ne doubt," seed the other ; and added, "Ay, but it's grand to hae the wee bit siller in your hand when ye gang au errand:" We quite agree with this and be- lieve in the "needful." It's grand to have the price of food and clothe, and we are not at all averse to a little pocket money, but after a modest sufficiency hes been realized, what is the good of fretting and working for more, Is enough not enough? Nature has placed a limit to the personal indulgences of each, and it is impossible for any one to consume more than so muoh. We may spend £5,000 to Z10,000 yearly, but the bulk of it must return to whence it came, in the payment of labor or profit to the distributor. The money is beueficial to many, and not solely to its possessor. 4' When goods are increased, they are in- creased that eat them; and what good is there to the owner thereof, saving the be- holding of them with their eyes ?" A rich man is an agent who manages what he is pleased to call his property for the good of others. Burke used to say that the " de• pendent pensioners called the rich are trus- tees for those who labor, and their hoards are the banking -houses of these latter," There is sound philosophy in the answer a king is related to have given to a stable boy. Meeting him one morning he asked him, " Well boy, what do you do? What do they pay you ?"—" I help in the atable," re- plied the lad; but I have nothingexcept victuals and clothes. "Be content," iepli- ed the king: "1 have no more." In a meeting assembled to make arrange- ments for the la,st preaching campaign in London of Mr. Moody, the American Evan- gelist, one of the speakers expressed his hope that Mr. Moody would do something for the miserable poor of London." "1 will try and do so," was the preacher's reply; "and I hope aso to be able to do something for the miserable rich." " The miserable rich 1" Some would think the expression almost a contradiction in terms, but it is not, for the rich have many things to make them unhappy. The poor in sleep forget their misery, but too often the rich are tor- tured by sleeplessness. They suffer from ennui, "that awful yawn which sleep can- not dispel." The French financier exclaim- ed : " Alas 1 why is there no sleep to be sold?" Sleep was not in the market an any quotation. Bacon said that money is "like muck— not much use unless spread." It is nothing to him who does not know how to use it wisely, and on the other hand poverty is nothing when it is not felt If you mix with people better off than yourself. you feel poor; but it may be only by contrast, for perhaps you do not really want more than you have. In one of his stories a well- known writer describes the effect upon a poor teacher of a legacy of 21,200 a year. Sud- denly the cottage he has lived infor so many years, seems to have grown too small—the furniture looks old and worn, Claire had never remarked the fact before, but she now perceived clearly that there was no longer any possibility of tracing the pattern of the carpet, that the curtains were dingy, the coverings of the chairs faded, the table rick- ety. "The poor old furniture 1" said Claire, " must they go? Yet it is frightfully shabby."—" The poison is eating into our souls," her father went on with deeper gloom. "For twenty years and more I have thought this little salon a model of good taste. Claire, when we go into a large house, we will keep the old furniture all in a room by itself, whither we may go and re- mind ourselves of the past. If we are rich, we must never forget that we were once poor and happy." For Others. On our Atlantiecoast there stands a quiet little farmhouse which was once the scene of a long,. heroic struggle, never recorded in any history. Twenty years ago it was occupied by Mrs. Blank, a woman of great beauty and intellectual power. After her husband's death, she remained throughout the year in this country house. One day a dissolute woman, in rags and bloated with drink, came to the door beg- ging. Mrs. Blank inquired into her history, found that she had some feeble wish to re. form, to "be like other women again." She took the woman in, clothed her, gave her work. The woman brought her companions. Mrs. Blank received eight of them. Her means were small. To enable her to do this thing, she was forced herself to dress coarsely, to live on the plainest fare, to share in the work of her inmates. For eighteen years she carried on this charity, always keeping her house full. Many of the women were brought back to decency and respectability; some of them even to a religious life. She labored to help each one, as if she were her own child. But she was often de- ceived by imposters; many of the women went back to a life of oriole; still more were ungrateful. As time passed, too, her friends urged her to come back to the city again; to lead a life of ease and enjoyment in the society and pursuits for which she was suit- ed, But she persevered in her work until her death, about a year ago. Molokai, one of the Sandwich Islands, as our readers know, 18 set apart as a Home or Lepers. Five years ago, a young priest, Father Damen, left his home and friends and gave himself up to work among these people, every one of whom is marked for a slow and awful death, For some time he was able to return for a yearly visit to his family and home, but ast spring a farewell letter was received rom him. "It is impossible," he wrote, "for ine to go any more to Honolulu, as the leprosy has broken out in me. Now that I am satisfied as to the true character of my disease, I am more calm, and am resigned and happy among my people." There he remains, administering conao- ation to the members a this Wretched olony, more than ever devoted to the work f the Master now that he, like themselves, living tinder the shadoyt of a terrible ooin. Who, better then such man, could .spire them with hepti and confidence in an mmortal life free from the spots and tainta which hi this lower world affect both body and soul This man and womanbelonged to sects of widely differing creeds. But surely, hey who have thus given their lives to their ellow-mon are together, very near to that aviour who is the Elder Brother and Help- er of us all. going out in the cold directly after d echoes, and great colunnis of water leap auji- 1 washing. A proper observance of theat , i Goon BREAD.—Pare and boil soft six po, ward against the frosen eliffs, and d direetione will always keep the hands ' a colander boiling hot on to one cep of flour; , roug • ere y to eir ulk stir wail, and when cool add one yeast France a boor woman was bitten by a dog cake Soaked in Witrin water, Iteep it warm Johnny Was Iettletis, , Miclou. te y rabid, near Notre arne, and / I; di b ' t until it is light, then stir it well and keep it , "Mr. Lighthead," said Johnny,' my size taken to the Hotel Dieu, where the wound s iiie a, cool piece until morning, Then stir it ter treats yea better'n she does me." was at once tanteriz' ed. Several menthe into the Middle ofyour tray of flour (adding'. " Does she, Johnny ?" asked Lighthead, after she was recognized in the street by' a Warm Water enough to make the desired , with a laugh. "Why do you think so?" atudent who had seen her under the aper - quantity of bread), add a little salt and cov- 1 "Well, I heard her tell ma she gave you talon. " /Nilo 1" he eatclaimed, "you are I t gar the top of tide batter with flotir, mid keep! kite of taffy, but flhe net -or givea me any," not dead t The dog Which bit you wail ' t t to ' t t f t t smooth." tenors on FeArt,--Twelve years ago, in Dr. Fernandee., of Barcelona, reeOmnaends ho hypodermics injection of cobra poiten for he cure of hydrophobia. P W TNOTIGIITS CONCERNING TREES IN MMES. PYR, W, num. It is said that there ere three things that everyone thinks he can do, --mend a fire, sharpen a pencil, and fold a newspaper. To judge by the astonishingly miashapert re- sults everywhere visible, we may add a •fOGrtil ; everybody thinks he can prune a tree—and is wonderfully mistaken. Here you will pass a grove of evergreens, their lower branches all sawed off,. with the in- tention, apparently, of making them look like apple trees and the result of making them look like hearth •brushes, Every wound, too, is exuding gum, and will for years, impoverishing, and perhaps killing the tree, Here is a once beautiful maple, beautiful AO langer ; its formerly spreading branches have disappeared, nothing remain- ing but a succession of stumps, protruding here and there from the trunk, as if this were the hall of the giant, and that his hat rack. A little further on and somebody else has tried his bend. Re knew better ; he would cut close, has done so, cutting in from the top, and when nearly through, naturally the branoh has fallen, tearing away a yard of bark and sap -wood below. Yet all this is from no want of care • the same quantity of care, properly applied, would have greatly improved the beauty of the tree. The fact is that without a cer- tain amount of knowledge about the struc- ture, growth, and functions of a tree, one is just about as likely to be successful in tree pruning, as he would be if similarly ignor- ant in watch mending. It is proposed in this article to eeplain so thoroughly the struoture of a tree, so far as refers to this matter, as to render such extremely injuri- ous mistakes improbable on the part of my readers. The trunk of a tree is composed, as all aro aware, of a number of tubes, through which the sap ascends from the roots, each branch having its own set of these tubes in the trunk, arising from one particularportion i of the roots. What we call the sap s large- ly water, mingled with plant -food, of which the water is the vehicle to carry it from the earth, up through the tubes of the trunk, then through those of the branches, and out to all the leaves. In the cells of these leaves it is exposed to the air, which adds to it other materials of food, and fits the whole for nourishment. The water, which carried up the food, has now done its work, and mostly passes off into the air, while the plant -food is carried back into the tree, and adds to the growth of all parts—stem and branch, leaf and twig. Of course, when we cut off a branch, we interfere with the process; but very differ- ent results follow in certain cases. If we out a large one, say four or five inches through, off from the trunk, the sap is found to lodge in the tubes from the cut to the root, and to soften aud discolour that portion of the wood. This injures it for timber, yet will not, for other purposes much impair the -tree, granted that air and water be kept out. The way to keep these out is to cut close to the tree, leaving all smooth and even with the bark. A little of the bulge at the base of the branch, but not more than a quarter of an inch, may be left, when the cut should be painted over with coal tar, to preserve it from the weather and from cracking till the bark grows over, which it will at once commence to do, and shortly cover it smoothly and completely. It should be remarked that, if we cut off a port ton of a branch, that is, one or more branches from a larger branch, still leaving plenty, say half, no injury to the wood fol- lows, 'for the remaining branches have the power of perfecting the surplus sap and re- turning the plant -food. But when a short stub is left, a very dif- ferent action takes place. The bark cannot grow over it, and, the checked sap within receiving, through the rotting stub, air and water from without, decay takes place throughout the tubes from the wound to the root, and at the stub, where the process is strongest, infects the neighbouring tissues and, in a few years, forms a rotten cavity deep into the tree. Yet we often see, in Toronto, when men are set to re- duce the size of trees in parks or streets, a dozen such stubs left on a tree. The consequence is that the tree, which might, had the branches remov- ed been cut closely and the wounds painted, not have been in the least injured by the operation, weakens, and stands, during life, a sickly monument of ignorant pruning. Necessarily, for at all these points decay us weakening its fibres. A few minutes' extra work woeld have made all the difference. Perhaps it may be well to say a word on the method of cutting off branches. All of those under an inch in thickness can easily be cut with a knife, always cutting upwares, and slightly lifting the branch, at the same time. Where, for larger branches, a saw is used, the danger being that the branch in falling may tear away the bark below the cut, it is best first to cut from under, one third through the branch, and then finish from above. For high branches the use of a pruning chisel, on a long handle will save much climbing, and with care, very good work may be done with it, always remembering in shortening a branch, to make the cut so as to shed the water. It must be remembered that the above only applies to the deciduous trees. The great family of evergreens— the pines, the firs, the cedars ---are impatient of the knife, and should never be pruned. Let them, if they will, branch to the ground, it is their nature thus to protect their bark from a heat and cold to which in their native forests it is a stranger. When older, if the lower branches die, we should remove them, but while in life to cut them creates a wound from which gum exudes for years. If it b desired, however, to check the growth of an evergreen branch, it can be effectually done by pinching off an inch or two of the ends of the fresh growth for the year. Nothing is more astonishing than to ob- serve the manner in which many trees, especially in the parks and streets of Cana- dian cities, are mangled, tinder the idea that they are being pruned, as if tbe idea was that a tree was a tree, and that any difference in its appearance was of no con- sequence. But there are, to those who i look closely—to all those, n fact, capable of taking pleasure in the beauties of of nature—no two things in the world more different than a well -cared for and an managed tree. The one will be sickly, jag- ged, torn, its bark rotting, it branches de- caying at the top. The other will be up- right, its branches vigorously epreading, its 'bark clog., bright, with every channel ac- curate as if fresh front the sculptor's chisel, its leaves abundant, tnoist, and vivid of colour, The two trees are the types of culti- vated beautr and unnecessary deformity. In streets, and in the small plantatiens which surround many residences, it would often be productive of a much better effeet to remove a certain number of the trees alto- gether, than be prune them, The pruning is done with the view, in Streets, of clear- ing the roadway of obetructing branohea, and in the other 0880, ginterally to opeu up 8' view. Li both oases removal and replant- ing would often better mower the purpose. Yogag and vigorous trees are always beanti- ful, and give for a long period, sin:fit:gent shade ; but when they grow tall MA over- shadow the houses, a melt which ie neces- sarily obtained by pruning their nide branches, it is doubtful whether they bene- fit health. They certainly °Dime both roofs and house fronts to deeay, whieh never creates a healthy atmosphere. Venerable tees are excellent and valnable for many purposes ; but it is doubtful whether, in street; our object should not always be to keep Hiles of young trees, not too close to each other or the houses, end under twenty feet in height. This might readily be pp. pared by proper forethought. In small eity gardens, too, the same rule would be vela - able. For theugh your high trees oti the north are no harm to your house, yet they keep the south sun from your neighbors, while on east, south and west, your house is better of rto ovorshadowiug trees. For cities, a succession of young trees, r ov- ingthem when over twenty feet high, wo i ld, it appears to me, be more beautiful more lienithy than the large trees oft 1 al- lowed to gtow. A young tree, properly - cared for, is one of the most beautiful ob- jects in the world. But the main object ef this article is to say that we should never cut branches from evergreens, and that when we take them from deciduous trees, we should leave the cut perfectly smooth and level with the bark, A stub, left on one of them, rots straight to the heart of the tree. a VARIETIES. The Japanese of the upper classes are now very generally adopting European clothing, All the cloth comes from abroad. A statute 01 1750 required that master - bookbinders should sew all their books with thread and real bands, and that in case of infringement the books be done again, and a fine of thirty pounds per volux;ae be imposed. Scotland, with a coast line only five hun- dred miles longer than that of Ireland, but with fewer harbours and with less fruitful and more tempestuous seas, supports by her fisheries one-seventh of her population. Ire- land supports less than one two -hundred -and fiftieth. Iormeonti.—It is claimed that balsam of fir completely disguises the smell of iodo- form. A mixture of one part of finely powdered camphor with three parte of Ledo - form is said to destroy the odor completely. Freshly roasted coffee has been used for the saane purpose. In Burmah, when severe illness of any kind had baffled the greatest skill, it is cus- tomary to abandon all further medical treat- ment, the patient's complaint being suppos- ed to be caused by an evil spirit which must be driven away before any hope of recovery can be expected. This is accomplished by means of musk: and dancing, accompanied by many mystic rites. The mappa was a table -napkin in use in ancient Rome for wiping the hands and mouth at meals. Vulgar persobs fastened In r it under their chins to prevent 01Mclothes from stains, as some do now. din cases the host did not furnish his guests witlz napkins, but each person brought his own mappa with him, and occasionally carried away in it some of the delicacies which he could not consume at table. Diamond -cutting is a work which requires great skill and indomitable patience on the art of the workman, and his training is bong and severe, for, despite the machinery which is used, much depends upon the deft- ness of the workman. He must be able to tell from an examination of the ro gh stone what is the proper treatmeut with egard to its shape and the number of ite . An in- ferior workman can spoil twen or pounds' worth of property in as manttrirserY- c o ndsa s . A rule, classes in Persia do not mingle in merriage. The sons of merchants wed merchant's daughters, the young tradesman mates with his like, and so with the mem- bers of the servant and soldier classes. But in Persia, as everwhere else, extraordinary personal attractions soon become known and have their advantage. The beauty of the lower or middle classes need not aspire in vain. The mother of the king's eldest and favourite son, the most powerful man in Persia, was the daughter of a miller, who caught the Shah's eye while washing clothes at the brookside. Many a poor handsome girl is wedded without portion for her beauty. The success of British Post -Office saving - banks has resulted in the establishment of similar banks in every part of the world. They are now to be found in Canada, dna West Indies, the Cape, Australia, New Zealand, and in other colonies, as well as in France (where they are said to have sur- passed all expectations), in Austria, Belgium, Finland, Holland, Hungary, Italy, Japan, and Sweden. In all these instances the British system has been followed more or less closely, and in many of these countries other savings -banks exist concurrently with the post-oflice banks. Although it is not possible to state the precise amount held by savings -banks ot all lands throughout the world, there is good reason to believe that it exceeds six hundred millions of pounds. • Not as Innocent as it Appeared. "Say, I was in a predicament the other evening," remarked a middle-aged profes- sional man this morning, "and all because I wanted to turn school teacher. "You see, I was endeavoring to im resa upon my little girl the difference between the animal, vegetable and mineral king- doms. Well 1 was proceeding very noby, as I thonght, hut 1 was treading o a pit- talL "'To what kingdom does the or ge be- long ?' ' " To the vegetalale kingdom,' was the prompt answer. Now, to what kingdom dace our hired • girl belong ?' " ' To the vegetable kingdom.' "'Oh, no,' said I, that is not right.' " Yes it is, pa. I heard you toll her she was a daisy, and they belong to the vegetableskingdom.' "The very worst part of it was," said the fond parent, "that the little thing kicked ao nnachievone I knew her answer was not nearly so innocent as it might ap- pear," •The Reason Was Good, A bright youngester sent his first letter to an aunt in a neighboring town the other day, and the recipient, instead of replying directly to the writer, sent weed to his mothee that it was a very creditable initial attempt indeed. The oompliment was re- peated to him, and he said: Well, if he thought so much of it why didn't she answer it ?" The same epitome of man remarked re- eently : "If you ahould die, materna, would get a very_ young mother to take , your place." Why 7" was the naturat query. •" Became " was the answer, "she would latit so mueli'longer," •