The Goderich Signal-Star, 1947-04-10, Page 7RII `logia, 104°d
Jbr Sherwood Fux Discovers
Rare Field Birch Near Godeirieh
fASffIO
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:ACRE fOR }
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Discovery -ear Godc tell of the field
birch, ",",evert' recorded froH _:'a y de-
finite locality in Ontario, afltlaoaagh-listed
as au Ontario tree in the Atlas oi?
Canada," reported is an article by
Dr. W. Sherwood Fox, president of
the University of Western Ontario, in
the magazine "The Canadian fl'ielai
Naturalist." r r. Fox e .a resident
of Goderich during tie summer months,
when he apparently aaevotes' some a
his time to one of his many hobbies,
field nature. •
Following .-is the article relating to
the discovery as . it appeared in the
August, 1946, issue of "The Canadian
Field -Naturalist." °
Although it Was known that Team
(Flora of Indiana, Indianapolis) had
reported for 1898 and 1911 "remnants
of a relic colony" of field _ birch' in
northwestern Indiana near the Lake
Michigan shore, nobody gave any
thought to the possibility of the species
existing in the Lake uron region.
N'evertheles i, here It was that I found
ar stand of it early in August, 1944.
One day 1 , set out from Goderich to
study, the numerous hawthorns in the
valley of- a spring creek tributary to
the Maitland at a point between three
and four miles from the shore of the
Lake. The east -west roadway Which
crosses the valley here is little fre-
quented and the soil on troth sides of
it is relatively poor.' On.the south side
stands • a. dense second growth of the
original mixed hardwood forest typical
of the region ; the area on the norNi'
side which slopes to the creek seemss to
have been burnt over many years ago,
and because of its infertility was left
unclaimed by agriculture. Thus it be-
came an easy prey to the motley army
'Of trees and shrubs which are quick
V)invade '• neglected. lands :- ehioke
cherry, pia e errY, 'blacklbeFry, raw..
berry, aspen, balsam, Poplar and birch..
This is the present )cover on that side,
though some of it leas been chopped
down and the remaining slash left
scattered at random over the ground.
Naturally, the birch trees stand out
„gonspicuousiy amid the tangle, but .an
noon as It saw them >i perceived that
they represented two species, the com-
mon paper birch and another., Upon
close scrutiny the other turned out to
be none else than populifolia, the field
birch. Specitalens were collected and
checked by myself and colleagues.
Three weeks later I compared them
with the corresponding parts of living.
trees in natural stands at Brockville.
Only on Friday last (May 12, 1945)
Professor Hart of our Department of
Botany accompanied ane on an in-
spection of the stand near Goderich.
Here the field birch exists in all
stages of growth..ranging from seedlings
and suckers on the one hand to mori-
bund trees on .the other.. None of the
fully grown specimens exceeds thirty
feet in height and all show in some
way that the process of decline has set
in. This conforms to the habi'£of the
species in the eastern regions where
it is abundant : a single stand usually
survives no longer than a generation:
The comment of the late Frere Marie-
Vletorin (Fiore Laurentienne, pp. 149-
150) is very pertinent.
"In the alluvial plain of the St.
Lawrence it (Betula populifolia) takes
possesfon of abandoned fields and
,forms a small pure forest hich, how-
ever, is but -Transient. These hi ches
last for only a generation in one spot,
since their seeds cannot germinate in
the shade. The stand is soon invaded
by conifers or other treesand the
birches disappear.. They scatter their
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sleep enjoyed, says a health bulletin:.
"When -retiring,” parents ire advised,
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It. A. SPOTTON
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Ideal. garden soil is a rich, easily -
worked loam, dark in color and con-
taining plenty of humus or rotted vege-
'table material. Now everyone is not
so fortunate in -possessing ,such land,
but, if not, even the heaviest clay or
the lightest sand Can be built-up.- to
something >-y -close _to the
With both clay and sand, cul-tivati , °
plus the - incorpora-tion•-- of rotted _ vege-
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Plenty of barnyard manure, but this
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are vegetable refuse like tops of beets,
carrots, peapods, lawn clippings, -etc.,
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this opens up the soil and makes it
more easily- workable, less inclined to
bake. With sandy ground, the manure
or Vegetable material adds strengthiand
helps it retain moisture.
Will 'They Grow Here?
Inthe magazines and newspapers one
reads- of lots of beautiful flowers,
shrubs and even vegetables that inay
not grow well -in many parts of Canada.
These things were developed „for, the
'Southern State or England, where
the climate is milder- or the growing
season longer.
One wastes money, time and work in
trying them • here. 'Our climate, soil
and other conditions are not suitable,
just as their conditions do not suit
certain things that, thrive abundantly
here. Tp guard. against the discourag-
ing efforts to produce these tender
plants here one is advised to stick to
those flowers, shrubs and vegetables
that- --are specially recommended for-
Canadlaza conditions. The latter are
they varieties and types listed in the
Canadian seed catalogues. These have
all been tested under Canadian con-
ditions and they are _ the only ones
recommended by the Canadian author-
ities.
For Really Tender Vegetables
Any vegetable taken out of the
garden at the door will be° Infinitely
tastier than those out of a can or from
the store, but as 'any' experienced
gardener knows, there is a vast differ-
ence between those properly grown and
the other kind. ,The real secret of
tender vegetables is quick, unchecked
growth. To get' this means. -planting
at _the prope:;time,-not__too .early with
'lender things-thfa Tt:ost or scold 'weather
may cheek, and they must be harvested
when just 'right. Old gardeners' push'
growth along quickly with plenty of
'Cultivation, fertilizer, and water' when
..ueeeary. and if =possible. They also
spread- .sowings out over at - feastsev-
eral weeks, so that young stuff' is com-
ing along continuously. Another trick
they Oke is to plant several different
1• m turf - • sort a
med *r and a late. In the seed
,cat ue usually will, be -listed the
nutnber ordays to maturity. Thus we
can purchase, say, peas that will be
ready for table in fifty days, .some in
sixty and some in seventy. By using
some of all three , there will be a sue=
cession of good crops instead of a
regular. feast' followed by a - famine.
Most experienced gardeners continue
making Sowings of carrots, beets, beans,
lettuce and spinach from the. time the
ground is first ready up to mid-July:
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fruits in the course of the winter that
follows ripening. The catkins fall
apart alyd.,the winged seeds are driven
over the icy crust of the snow to great
distances. In the spring thaw they are
left scattered- at random over the soil
which' if left without'!ultivation they
are quick to occupy." ,
The discovery of the field birch in a
remote corner .of Western Ontario
rouses many questions and comments.
There, is no doubt that the stand is
native. From what source, then,came
theseeds from which itsprung?
Ap-
ar utv he ..h 11 a �role4
°.
by winter winds.In
this region the
two prevailing winds of winter are
from the northwest and the southeast.
But in tpis case the wind from the
former quarter can seaftcely, be the
conveyor, for it comes off the great
_expanse of Lake Huron. "Probably then
we should, within broad limits, seek
our source hi the southeast. This tent-
ative conclusion reminds me of the
statement made to rase only recently by
the Kitchener botanist, Mr. Fred Mont-
gomery, that the late Mr. Herriot re-
corded 'fihding the field birch in Water -
loo county but left no specimens from
that source in his colieet1om Even
though, -this remark_offers_us..n2 fiztallt�'x., _
at does-ar e`ti-S suggest a -geographical• -"”`
line of .sear'"ch. - =.
My last word is to state that on our
trip to Goderich this week Professor
Hart and I brought home five healthy
young specimens•Rf Betula populifolia;
these Etre now plant in the modest
arboretum( of Western Ontario's native
trees situated on the arts campus of
the University.
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