HomeMy WebLinkAboutExeter Advocate, 1906-06-07, Page 6°
NOTES AND COMMENTS
`14tee say they heve eeeen the °thee -
eat hady, one, et menee subtler bediee
ihteneenetzetteg tne demo physieel
teely. The „ereeletale have leen eheinied
to have ken It with a highee vision and
the ceeidentals aee new seeingA by
the *id og inetruments. fia 'being able
eeo the sheieten et a live' person by,
Reselgen rays eve haYe -gone far tO- 61W-
raottnk 'htillitultics lfl prfilidua out iho
shadowy of the ethereal body. A hazy,
senteeeansfparent riateS eurrounds the
ericetueously tertue:d the , soul, seems to,
" invite definitiOn. by .siniple Methods of
research requiring, little More tha. a,
better understanding rof the offices of
the different rays of light to give ue
glimpse of the male that survrves the
mortal easement. The ethereal body,
orkoneoesly terined the sould, seems to
be a compound .of those electric cor-
puscles of which matter is upposed, to
consist, With the unknown principle of
animal Iife, and it is obviously a con-
• necting link ' between mind and dater.
a 'discovery of this sort is calculated to
revolutionize the mental sciences and cor-
rect many erroneous ideas. It particu-
larly is important to aseettain how the
ethereal body acts during life, Many
doubt the existence of any inner form
of this kinds But it is an established
, belief in the east, espeeielly in India,
handed &Own from ancient days. It
• le difficult to sea how their knowledge
could have been so complete, even in-
cluding the fact that the ethereal body
never grew old after attaining maturity,
unless they had been able to catch
'sight of the inner form.
SPORTS AND
PASTIMES
Amusements Are a Need of Man and
a Gift of God
'
•
• Shall lee, not with hira freely, give us
all ellings?,,eleeettans' viii., 31: "
The earth le's the'Leherie and: the 'full-
ness thereof:eel. Corinthians, ex., 31.
All things 'aro yOurs.-I. 'Corinthiane,
iit.
"'How, elan we ainuse ourselves, sane-
ly and in good cooscience?" was the
question before -a- rehent meeting of a t .
young men 'e social. organization. This • Misuse hes created much of the pre -
is a, question of public morals that must,
judice egainst the expurgated pleasures,
be considered and settled by the com-ee Lee-
ev have an acquired reputation.
mon council of the kingdom of.Ged. 'Vice is perverted virtue," and the evil
Says one editorial paragraph: "If youlliSe --
of good things brings may irtu.
o u s things into disfavor.
ellew unfortunate that the abuse of
good gifts from' on high should have
I een allowed to give them a bad name
and place them upon •the soeial and ec-
clesiastical blacklist. Bute, most unfor-
tunate is the selfish intolerance that so
multiplies .
"FORBIDDEN THINQS;"
Ps to make it next to impossible to en-
joy life in good conseieince.
The fine humor of' the maeter's re-
buke, "ye strain, at a gnat and wallow
eamet," still applies to man If-ap.
in God ae•Father and asks no pardon pointed misguided kill-joys who go
for His benefits."
- WE NEED HEARTENING UP, carding ediets ageinst everything which
arout labeling forbidden fruit and pia-
ievigorating, diverting -we need more, th6Y themselves do not enjoy or whieh
cr God's outdoors and a return to • our gives them occupation. .
childhood for a season -to unloose the the young and vigorous want recre-
pent stroke from our arms, the caper anon, the old and heavy laden want
end the song from our °he rts.
trom our heels, the call frr our lungs .relaxation. God gave. tits relief ba
both, and hie people should rejoice to
allow. it to them. Nor. will. they neees-
As to the moral character of sports dearily abuse the indulgence. The foe'.
and pastimes, it is well to remember iish, who also &donee- food and raiment,
that they have no character of any kind will oft -times persist in the wrong use
except that which the individual gives 1 of pleasures, and in pursuing Pastimes
them. R. is for every man to deelde that waste mind and body; but the
reasonable can be guided and heisted
in all the 'healthful outdoor .and. in-
door diversions.
. Why shonnel 'satan 1).0 altOweS to car-
ter oft every joyful and diVeeeion,
as the Philiet4ne did the (141 of (1°U7
,It is for the nood people to reeaptere
. • •
thenieete retake elle laighe places end
pleasant strongholds -to. niake ern-
eade to re'conquer and eleanee and 00-
cupy these Gool-glyefl. gerdens of, the
Lite that now, is. • ,s
cnce make 4 rule that a man cannot be
gay, and at the same time godly, you
Will be more apt to decrease godliness
than to destroy gayety."
Last Thanksgiving day. I heard a et -em-
inent Presbyterian minister •say in his
sermon: "Religion that brings misery
is not born of God. '..Th* * Make the peo-
ple happier and yob will make them. bet-
ter." And one of the conservative re-
ligious papers recently said: "Let us
never be afraid in innocent joy. * *
Ask for the spirit of joy --and that genu-
ine and religious optimism .Which sees
Even the eternal rocks are being made
to order in 1006. 'The Germans. are
having an artificial pemlice stone made
e.f sand and clay, which is eupposed to
• excel the genuine article in dutability.
There are five different makes. The
first is either hard 'or soft with a coarse
grain and used for leather, water -proof
garments, and the woolen and felt in-
dustry. • The second can also be sup-
plied hard or soft. It has. a medium
• grain and is mainly used for stucco and
.sculptural work; also for rubbing wood
before painting. The third is soft, Of
ftne grain, and is recommended for pol-
ishing wood and tin. The fourth is of
medium • hardness and line gram eand
gives weod the right polish before be-
ing finished with oil. The fifth is hare'
and of fine grain and used for polishing
• stone, especially lithographic .stone. The
ee. Planner of using IS the same as for.,na-
tural pumice stone: For wood it is first.
used dry, 'afterwards mixed with oil.
• There is a new theory of the •earth's
Interior. It is believed by Mr. Beres-
• ford Ingram, a physicist of England,
_ that the earth embraces three concen-
plc spheres, 6r three spheres within
lpheres. The solid nucleus he supposes
to be between 3,000 and 7;000 miles in
diameter and this to be surrounded by
a liquid subtratam, outside of which is
the •crust, variously estimated at 70 to
• 2,000 miles in thickness. More than
two centuries ago a similar theory, in-.
• chid;ng the slow rotation ofe.the inner
. . •solid sphere on a different axis from
that of the entire globe, was held by
Dr. Edmund Halley to account for the
changes in the earth's magnetism. The
axis of the nucleus was thought origin-
ally to have beee-n that oi die entire
• globe, The eartbes internal heat, it is
now pointed out, may be accounted for
by the friction of the differentlY' rotating
bodies .•
whether his amusements shall be inno-
cent or otherwise, as he does with his
tongue and hank
Oats, peas, beans, and barley grow
better, it appears, when they have been
fertelized with pure sulphate of man-
ganese.• The small quantities of mang-
anese Shown by chemictil analysis in
animal and vegetable substances have
been: :looked upon ae accidental and un-
neei44ary. fleeent investigations, how-
ever. have tended to prove that the
metal is indispensable to the living
eeli, and Mr. Bertrand, a French experi-
menter, hae found that pure sulphate
• of -manganese has a marked fertilizing
effect, an application of about fifty
eounds to the acre giving an. increase
of 22.5 per pent. in a crop of oats. The
crop .frotti the manganese fertilizer,
• however, is shown' by analysie to con-
tain no more of the metal than the crop
• from other soil, the plant seeming to
require a certain definite proportion.
. •
MANY GRIITNAL'S CLUBS
SECRET SOCIETIES WHICH, ARE:MUNI.
BY BURGLARS. .
Gangs of Thieves are Joined Together
in Strong Bonds of
• Union. • -
************
tiOME•
,FOM pig KITCHEN GAIIDEtel',.
It is an eesy maitee'tp fall into lents
in cooking, us in .o11ter household leent-
ters 1(141, With deelarge variety of ,,Vege-
tillelee at ° oue-conuriand, to u , be content
to serve them In ilie,sarae 'manieer eear
efter •Year. To -those who have a pref-
erenee, for the products of the' kitchen
garden ,the following hints 'wed receipts
will especially appeal:
vigorous police prose8utipn simply t�
their excellent •organization.
They are a special feature of life in
Sydney, and, although net now nearly
se strong. as they were some yeare
back, they still make their existence un-
plea.santly felt, highway robbery being
their favorite pursuit. At one time it
w as believed that they numbered more
',than 200; but probably they are less
than half that strength at the present
time, despite tho fact that many a Lan.
rikin has found it a cruelly difficult thing
to reform, as the. men. have very rough -
banded methods of doling ,with "trai-
tore."' •
They are divided up into gangs or
"rushes," each one of whieh elects. a
"eing," whose word is absolute law to
those under him; anyone disobeying
the "king," indeed, is ' liable to be
thrashed , or otherwise • brutally .1in
treated by, hrs *fellow -members of the
"push" on the first' two offenceei and'
• CLUBBED TQ DEATH •
The police of Paris are pluming them-
selves just now in the belief that they
have succeeded in detniug a deadly
blow at organized crime in that cily.
They have lately •laid hands on some
fifteen habitual criminals who they think
were members of ape of the most (tang-
o ous bands of • law -breakers they have.
ever had to contend with, and to whom
an immense amount' of erime against
eroperty is attributed. :-
• This secret society of criminals was
organized -some -five years ago by a
mysterious man whose identity the p0 -
lice hare never been able •to discover.
It has been run on lines very similar
to those of a trade union, and had its
secretary, who was not an active mem-
• ber, but a salaried servant; it had Its
entrance lee, yearly subscription, sick
fund, defence fund, and an elaborate
list of rules, which were strictly en -
faced. It embraced almost all forms
of ,prime, , from pocket -picking to for -
•eery; but one of the most remarkable• -
rules was that which created all mem-
ers egilal.
All proceeds of crimes committed by
•individual rnembers *ere "pooled" and
TIIE LARGEST CASK.
At Konigetein, Germany, le the licirg.
„est cask in the world, the diameter et
which le 26 feet: The cask, as soon as
filth -shed, was filled with 0,000 quintals
of good Meieeen wine, whiela cost $30,000
it contains 019 hogsheads more than the
famoue tun of lielidelberg. Tile fop
of the easkes railea:in, and affords room
tuilleient for fifteen, or twenty petions
go regale themselves, and Oeveral torts
ief large voblete, (Ailed wereozne cup,
sre offered to those wile delight in elicit
honors.
Peas and Potatoes. - Take the knuckle
end of a ham which, has two pounds
or more of meat still on it; wash, tiny.
oughly, cut off all the rind, put in a
saucepan with three quarts of cold wa-
ter, heat slowly and simmer until the
Meat is tender. Transfer the liam to a
dish and boil the liquid rapidly until re-
duced to one quaet. Add one pint and
a half of shelled green peas and fifteen
new potatoes of medium size, • which
have been washed and scraped. Boil
slowly until the two vegetables • are
tender. Cut the ham in thin slices and
arrange it round the edge of a platter.
Turn the pceas on the dish; in the cen-
tre push them Aside and lay in the po-
tatoes. Sprielde with a little pepper
and send at once, to the table.
Cauliflower Fritters -From a good-
sized, but loose head of cauliflower trim
the green leaves. Place head down-
ward in cold salted -water for half an
hem,- to dislodge insects, then place in
u kettle of cold water and heat slowly
to, the boiling point. DraM and add
fresh boiling water with one teaspoon-
ful of salt and simmer gently until the
stalk ' is tender when pierced with a
fork. Drain and set the cau-
liflower aside until cold then di-
vide into stalks or flowerets of
'three or four inches. Mix together two
well -beaten eggs, a half cupful of milk,
a half teaspoonful Of, salt, a, dash of
pepper, one tablespoonfuil Of" 'Melted
utter and, eufficient, flour to make a
(woe batter. • Last of all stir in one tea-
spoonful of , baking powder. Have ready
a deep kettle paetly filled with senok.
ing hot fat. Dip each:piece Of caul',
flower into the batter, drop into the
hot fat and cook until golden brown.
Do not cook more than three or four
fritters at a time or the temperature of
the fat is 'likely to fall too low. As done,
drain the fritters on soft paper. Serve
quickly as -a vegetable.
Cauliflower Puree - Trim a head of
caulifloWer and cut it into flowerets.
Place in a saucepan with cold water to
cover, heat slowly to the boiling point
and drain. Cover with boiling water,
add a half teaspoonful of salt, and cook
until tender. In the Meantime .make
thin white sauce with one tablespoon-
ful of butter, one rather heaping table-
spoonful of flour. and One pint of milk.
Drain the cauliflower as soon as it is
done and mash to tisepaste,. gradually
Adding a portion of the sauce. Where the•
two ingredients are smoothly mixed
Tress through a elev.°, add salt and pep-
per to taste and return to the fire in a
double ballet-. When very hot add a half
cupful of thin cream, a pineh of sugar
and a suspicion of nutmeg. • ° Serve as
a first course for luncheon or dinner.
Carrots and New Potatoes -Clean and
scrape a number Of very small carrots,
wash and scrape' twice as many new
potatoes. Boil The latter as usual; cook•
the carrots in as little water as possible
adding a little salt, sugar and one tea-
spoonful of butter. Quarter the pota-
toes as soon - as done and add to the
carrots ten minutes ,before they are to
be served. Allow the water almost to
evaporate. Add another teaspoonful of
huller and when in the Serving dish,
sprinkle with a little finely chopped
parsley.
Smothered Cucumbers -For this dish
use cucumbers which are quite old, but
not yellow. Para' and cut' lengthwise
mn quarters. Scrape off and discard the
seeds. Cut the pulp into half-inch
pieces, measure and place in a sauce-
pan. For each pint add te scant halt
teaspoonful of salt, a Otani of sugar, -a
gliarter of a teaspoonful of paprika
(eweet red .pepper) and one tablespoon-
ful of butter. . Cover closely. Stand
ever the front of the fire for five min-
utes, shaking vigorously, then draw
back -where the cucumbers ,will cook
slowly for: fifteen minutes. , No liquid
is needed as sufficient will be drawn
from the vegetable to form a sauce.
Garnish with toast points,
Cucumbers Espagnole-Take young
firm cucumbers; pare and cut length-
wise in thick slices. Dip each slice in,
flour which has been highly seasoned
with salt and pepper and quickly' fry to
O rich brown in a- little itot, dripping.
Lift, drain well from the fat and arrange
in a shallow saucepan. In the meen-
time, cook slowly one tablespoonful of
minced onion in one tablespoonful of
butter. When changing color, add one
tablespoonful of finely chopped ham ot
becon-preferably the former -and two
scant tablespoonfuls of flour. Stir., until
well colored, then add three.hqimrters
of a cupful of thin, strained tomato and
one cupful of beef stock or gravy; stir
until smoothly thickened, season with
salt and pepper. Strain this over the
browned cucumbers in the saucepan
and simmer 'Slowly until they -are very
tender, . but not broken. Have 'ready
pieces of hot buttered bast the size and
shape of the cucumber slick Arrange
-
these on a hot platter, place the cu.
cumbers on them and pour the sauce
around.
Buttered Atringe Betins---String and
cute fine, one quart of green beans. ba
0 Sencepan put one large ttiblespoeh-
ful of butter, a half teaspoonful of salt,
o quarter of 4 teaspoonful of White„pep-
per. and a half 'teaspoonful of' milted
MIRA. Cook slowly for three minutes.
Alien in the beans, cover elosely and
eelnike over the.freint, of the fire for five
minutes'. Add a third of a cupful of
boiling water. stir well, viewer and
draw SM.& ,where they will molt slow.
ly. Ai; offeh ae thee* is danger of
earning, add a few epoonfule more of
lolling water. " When very lender un-
cover' for five minutes that Any theeld
remainfrig , may, ; evaporete. When cook-
eil in lids! %ilia they „ have a peculiar
itiellon twee neerer found in beans eook-
ed Tl i far& tquanfity of water.
Corn Timbales-eFor ticei young
juke, Mrn. Sethea the PS1,5 and eerene
ettt the mile. To earth! fidd fitte
well neaten petffl, i13111C,
e high eameetiing nf ;telt aiM peoper,anti , northern ,,kingdorn in the time oft Allah
8, half teaspoonful of sugar. Pone into Comp. 1 Kings 17, 1 to 2 Kings 2. V),
well leetteeed cupe or
Umbel() P)tand in a pan pertly
Idled evith hot ;eater and balm in a
'moderate oven until firm in the cen-
ter. Turn out 'carefully on a platter
and seeve with cream or a tomato
sauce.
Tomatoes Ihyonnalsee--- Peel laalf a doz-
en •firee tomatoee of medium elm 'and
cut into 'g Ib';. ',Peel .anel (top rather
coareely' two Bee mitt °Mono ()..e use
one small Spanish onion. Pee the lat-
ter en, a. freing pan With one large
tablespoonful of butter bud cook: Vera',
plewly, stirring occasionally, untilethe
onion begins to 'change color. iedel ehe
tcmatOes4anci a high eeasoning salt.
and pepper; 'draw the pan forward and
cook more rapeelly for about . twenty
minutes or 'until the tomatoes are quite
tender., Add •a half cupful of strong
beef stock and eimmer for five minutes
longer. Sprinkle :in One tablespoonful
of finely chopped parsley mid. tura in
to a serving dish.
Tomatoes Portugaise-Peel and thinly
slice two mild ,onions. Peel and cut in-
to quarters a quart of small firm ie.
enatoee. Put. together in a saucepan,
covet, and cook slowly for 'twenty min-
utes, shaking occasionally to prevent
slicking. Add 'one pint of thickened
beef gravy and a high seasoning of salt
end pepper. Cook fifteen minutes long-
er, add One pint of hot boiled rice, stir
-carefully for a moment and send to. the
table with an extra bowl of the gravy.
, •
HINTS ON KITCHEN WORK.
Clean up as you go.
Don't, scatter in the kitchen..
Jkm sure to put scalding water in each,
saucepan or stewpan as you finish us-
ing it.
• Keep yeur s•picebox always replenish-
ed, and take card to let your mistress
know if you are out of anything likely
to be required, that its place may
once be supplied,
Take care or your copper utensils
that the tin does not become worn off.
lf so, have them instantly replaced.'
• Dry your saucepans before you put
• them away.
Pudding bags and jelly cloths require
care; wash and hang them to try di -
teeny after using them. Air them well
before you put them. away or they will
smell musty. • Keep tb.em in a warm,
dry place. After washing up your dish-.
es euer cleaning the dishpan, scald out
the sink and sink brush.. •
13e careful, not to throw anything but
water down the sink lest you clog it up.
• Never have stieky, greasy plates and
dishes. The way to avoid this is to
use soap, hot water, and clean, dry
towels, Change the water often. Per-
fectly clean plates and dishes are one
proof of the cookbeing a good servant..
Be particular in washing . vegetables.
Lay cauliflower and cabbage in saIt and
water for an hour or more to gee out
4
the insects.
Take notice of all orders that require
time in the preparation of a dinner and
hurry nothing. •
, Wear plain cotton ` dresses and long
aprons. -Be sure to keep your hair neat
arid smooth, Be careful of fuel. It is
a great recommendation •to a cook to
use only the necessary amount of coal.,
• Have .an eye to your mistress's inter-
ests, not permitting waste Of any kind;
a, cook who is just and honest and'does
as she would be done by is worthy of
• the greatest; respect and. may be sure
of being successful and happy.
When the morning's work is done,
• she should carefully wash her hands
and visit the larder. „Alm she should
• Icok to everything. See if the hanging
meat or game requires cooking. Wipe
out and air the bread box. Clean and
scrub the larder at least twice a week.
Receive her mistress's orders attentively
and 'if she 'cannot trust her memory,
write thern • on a slate. She should ex-
amine the • yneat sent by the butcher,
• and if it is not right' refuse to accept it.
She should also weigh the meat and ask
the butcher for a paper of weight.
on the third. All profits from crime .are
deemed the . common property of . the
gang, whose members share it equally;
and when a Larrikin falls ill the others
of his "push" are obliged to contribute
a certain small .sum weekly for his slip -
port. Moreover, whenever a, Larrikin
eels into the arrns of the law a small
tax is levied on every Larrikin • of
every "push" to defray the cost of his
defence. •,••
Strictly Speaking, the Mafia _society 's
a secret pelitical organization, -but it
frequently descend e to crime ' --- even
to the degree of murder - to attain Is
end that it may certainly be regarded
as a criminal ' union, and as such. it
,dended up linto as many shares as There holds first place for size and power,
were members, but the producer of the only excepting, perhapseeone or two
rev/ 'proceeds, sin addition to his own
share,. was rewarded with the share of
the member who had not produced
anything the longest period, times
cf sickness and imprisoninent being eke
cepteel from the redefining. Any infrac-
tion of this rule for the pooling ef
"swag" was visited,- so the pollee be-
lieve, with the severest punishment.
TWO OR eiHREE MURDERS.
of habitual criminals are attributed to
this cause,. - •
But, although this much is known and
a vast deal more Suspected -about the
gang, so 'cleverly has its secrecy been
assured by its organizers that it is im-
possible to guess how many members
it had, who was their chief, or where
they' met. It Was hoped that, when the
police laid hands on ,,seme of the men
suspected of being members, one might
bc induced or bluffed. into betraying the
others, but in this the police were dis-
appointed; not .00e of the men arrested
would utter, a single word ori the sub-
ject, thougne a young Belgian, when se-
verely peesSed, drew his thumb across
bie throat and smiled significantly. So
that it is quite possible, although, the
police have arrested a goodly number
Of the organization, it e may survive the
blow, though it must'euffer by the loss
of such thorough -paced scoundrels as
the police declare their prisoners to be.
About three years ago the police of
Belgium broke up a similar organize -
Wen, sane of the membera of which
%ere senteto prison for life... This gang,
however, devoteieeall it.; attention to
the' gentle art of burglary, at which
some amazingly large hauls Were made,.
The, menibers shared their profits1 after
the mariner of their Mende in Parise
and one of their number, who was clever
.rd, disguises and had "a taking way
with him,". did nothing else than make
'the necessary itupiiriee about premises
tend pereens it woe thought might pay
for 'a visit. It is believed by the author'.
hes that ,in one year only the gang
"collected" ,property to the value of
African Explorer espinning a yarnl:
sNot very long age I went out eitte. day
land' presently canto Moe to face with
eltre Friend: "Well?" Explorer;
"I \fixed my gaze on the bruteS, then
Sttrek handa in my pecket4 And
walked away, whistling an sir front art
opera." Friend e "And didn't:the lions
immediately rusb. at your .Explorer:
nhts. couldn't. It woet at the% Zoo,"
_alLenioetedisee
a similar kind in China,-efewhich- prac-
ticelly nothing is known. • The Maile.
is •sci perfectly organized,- and so,. infln-
ential and secret that the laws of. Italy.
the police, and the whole Geverntrient
of- the Country have been rendered im-
potent against its members again end
apain. Judges , and juries have. acquit-
ted members of the soelete of guilt at
various offences in abeolute defiance )1
mw common sense, and ntStice. simply
t erause, they feared to incur the clis-
pleaStire 011 the society. Pollee °Metals
pave. allowed Maflas to , 811p through
'their fingers for no more reason than
that they barely suspected them of
• BELONGING TO THE SOCIETY.
Its •members are to be fetind among
the highest and the lowest in every
city, town, and village in Italy,' anci its
influence extends to the farthest corners
°fOinhley globe.
alobeittle while ago an Italian
was murdered in Canterbury, • New
Zealand, by a newlyearrived compat-
riot. The victim was not, a member el
the Mafia, but be had given evidence
in Italy some months previously' against
a man who was a member. He. fled to
mope the anger of the society, but was
followed and done to death.
Bepeated attempts have •beeO-Madato
destroy the power of thie, Wonderful or-
ganization, but, they have failed, and
that to great extent because it is (tn.
possible to know who are members of
tf,• and who are not. A theead of the
corruption of the M'afla runs through
everything ,in Italy, 80 that neither the
pence, the 'judges, the juries. the armv
and navy, nor even the individual mem-
'bers of any Government can be absa-
lutely relied -on to act anainet the so
. -
Moly. And thus It still its, with
every likelihoot of outliving the ten-
tury..
hree
UPWAIADS OF $70,000.
It but rarely, however, that eilitp,
inals the type which might be de-
scribed as "violent" organize , them-
selves, for the re4sen that they art
niuch better ablit--Wwork "an their own"
than eritleitirils 'MO make specialties of
leng-firm frauds, forgery„ bank -bilking,
tete. ',But it Is ,generally found, as an
eiceptIon to Atilit rule, that'eriminaitt af
the hooligan type are very strongly or-
ganized. The "Push Larrikins," who
are V11144114 01 the tn04gt violent deScrip,
theteo OWO 141gr'survivilii front the tno:tt Ivere facing the sun.,
Jeremiah -One of the e'reatee Fitophete
of the Old Teetament who lived durine
the eerly part el the eixth century B. ee.
16. The Christ -Lit. The onointed Nee
that the Messiah.
The Son. of the living God-Tite.ques%
or
O :oop1:1 nInoG711: tilf 1:1 h:3 sjaesec I:1 5-11 ‘1141:1; 11 e e(s.1 asf t91:1 si:11 SI41o; A6ploYai n 11'3 re I- olenerat tvaN, 'llot'arte
for son: compare then manes° Bar-abbas,
ner-tholomew, Rar-nabas.
expression telle deSignate 'the hInnen in •
n:lesh and blood -A common Hebrew*
era?" had been addreeeee 10 all Lite elise
chiles. Peter is therefore merely acting
nO doubt in, the minds cif any • of the
("Whiles as to the divinity of Celrist tee
asti
, . 18. Thou art Petee---(Gr. Petros) and
eGeondt r dwrhiort at Ice d: et (hstiGpel reo' d.Picipehnetl ririaen).P`leht‘Ni eNs.roi: et bhs manin: or ub4mit;lyet.
church -In view of the enormous !in-
tentions of the Pope and the Roman
Church, based largely on this text, it is
well for us to remember in the interpre-
tation of this passage the careful dis-
tinction observed quite generally in
classic Greek" between the words Petra,
the massive, rOck, . and Petros,
the detached, but large fragment. • The
church le built on the massive living
rock (Petra.) of prophets and apostiee
"unity with Christ. "Built upon the
'foundation of the apostles and prophets,
Jesus himself being the chief corner
stone" (Eph. 2. 20). (For other founda-
tion can no man lay than that which is
laid, which is Jesus Christ" (1 Cor. 3.
11). Of this living Petra Simon was a
true, fragment (Petros), firm and unyield-
ing, hence worthy in the estimation of
his Master, to be surnamed , Peter.,
Peter, then, is a, worthy type of • the
Christian church, not, however, the
foundation on which that church itself.
rests. It has, been pointed out by some
that Jesus, in all probability, spoke Ara-
maic, and that in that case there can
have been no difference in the two words
used; but the.very fact that the evangel-
ist narrator is care Pei to use the two
Greek words seems., clearly ta indicate
that he intended by this choice of words
to point' out the exact meaning intended
by Jesus.'
Gates of Hades -k figurative expree-
sion equivalent In meaning to the power
of Hades, or of the under -world. •
19. I will give unto thee the keys of
the kingdom -It is clearly to Peter with
the. testimony .to Christ's divinity on his,.
lips that the words of this verse, as those
of the last, are addressed. That Peter
was not infallible, is shown' in the mis-
taken attitude ',which he took toward
Jesus when the latter announced that he
• was soon to "suffer many things of the
elders and chief priests" (Comp. verse
21). •To a man who was soon to become
tool in. Satan's hailds to tempt the
Christ (verse 23) Jesus certainly did not
give unlimited and absolute authority to
hind or loose in the kingdom at beaven.
To a Jeeet •the expression, "the keys 1 •
the kingdom of heaven" could convey -
but one meaning. He was familiar with
the custom of preserning to a scribe
about to be admitted to his office
large kejr, -symbolic of the fact thak
a teacher of the Scriptures he was now
to open the treasury of diyine truth.'
In like manner Christ's _words to Peter
signified that Peter Was henceforth to
be a scribe or teacher M the kingdom of
heaven. • He, and those,- with him -for
Jesus is still addres.sing hiin as spokes-
. .
man of the group ef disciples -were
given authority to teach the trutles of
the Kingdom. - •
Whatsoever thou shalt bind The
meaning of the verb to bind in this
dense Is to impose as binding, and like-
wise the verb loose means toAeclare• a
precept or rule as not bitYding. The
sense , of the •passage, therefore, is
that the decisions of Peter and the other'
apostles as authorized scribes in the
kingdom of God, • will be ratified in
heaven, that is to say, that ail those who
in obedience to their word shall seek to
do' the will of • God through faith 1n1
Christ shall be saved.
.23, Get thee behind me, Satan -The,
suggestion of Peter assumes the form(
of a temptation to , Jesus. Peter thus '
takes the place of the tempter or adVer-1
sary. Hie arguynent is for the false, ,
kingdom instead of the tree. The !teal
that Jesus thus addressed Peter throwei
much light on theeinterpretation of verse;
18 above. • Peter, with the words ' of the;
tempter on his lips, is addressed as the,
tempter; with the words of truth on •his! '
lips,* he is part of the ver;r' feundationt ,
stone of the church.
shall lose it -To strive after the things
25. Whosoever would. save his lifei
of .this life 'involves separation frezni .
Christian ideals and from Christ; andl
therefore separation, also, • from life'
• eternal: • I3ut devotion to Christ, regard -i
less of eonsequent disadvantages M this.
life, insures- the higher life, with Christ
in eterinity. ••
28. Till they see the Son of man com-
ing in his kingdom -Various expIana-,
none- of the probable time referred to(
have been suggested: 1, the Trans -t
figuration; 2, the Day of Pentecost; 3,
the Fall of JertrsaleM (70 A.D.). Many . f
the best commentators think that the
last "best fulfills the conditions cf infer- •
pretation-a- judicial coming -ea signet
• and visiblo'. event, and one that Would
• happen in the lifetime of some,.but not
of all that Were present."
WATCtl THE COMPASS.
Few are aware of the. twat :that in a
watch they have a very excellent_ corn.
prise:: If yOu Wish to use them as sueli,
all you have to do is to point the hour
band to the sun,/ and, the south ex-
aetty half uwaY between the hour and
the figure XII. on the faee of the
tvatch. Inasmuch as each tninute is
rooirked off, there need be no difficulty
in 3alettlating this accurately. For
instanee, 811000se yott pulled nut your
watch exactly at four o'clock in the
afternoon the figure If. on the dial. plate
etOuld be due Oath if the hour hand
THE SUNDAY SC110011
INTERNATIONAL LESSON,
• JUNE 10.
Lesson NI, Peter's Great Confession.
Golden Text: Matt. 16.16.
THE LESSON WORD STUDIES.
Note. -The text of the Revised Version
is used as a basis for these Word
letudiee.,
' thronological.---Returning erorn
the vicinity • of Tyre and Sidon, Yeses
made a tour through the region of De-
capolis, teaching and ,performing many
miracles. Two of these miracles, the
healing of the deaf man and the feeding
of the Mr thousand, are specially men-
tioned, the former by Mark (Mark 7.
32-37), and the latter by „both Matthew
and Klerk (Matt. 15. 32-38; Mark 8. f -O).
Both Matthew and Mark also record the
fact that about 'this time the Pharisees
and Sadducees aproached Jesus', tempt
-
Wife hie°. and demending of him a sign
from heaven. To ell such demands for
miracles, merely to satisfy the cnriosity
of some one, the answer of 'Jesus was
either silence or a word of stern rebuke.
In this case it was the latter (Comp.
Matt. 16. 4). Mark alone inserts in ,his
narrative the, account of the healing. of
the blind man near Rethsaida (Mark 8,
22-:20). In his journey through the re -
Ilion of Decapolis Jesus tame finally
WONDERFUL' EN9RAVING.
A novel experiment for the purposid
e
testing the Stren th of h explos,ives
furl is the placing o fresh -p ucked leaves
into the region of Ccesarea
the !acne between two plates of panel steel, And
to the north. It was here that exploding dynamite cartridges on Not
dents conneeted with Peter's dafession,
upper plate. The recede ine such calms
bout rwhich we ere to study in tO-day's IS so great, and sudden that the upper
lesson, occurred.• • - plate is driven downward With, such
• force and rapidity as to catch exact int.
e verse 13. 'ccesarealiiiiiippi The most preseions of 'the leaves before their de.
Itatte .ribs have time., to give way to the
northerly point reached by our Lord. A
force of the blow. The novel meth°,
Roman city, beautifully situated on a
rocky terrace on the stow of mount of engraving Is one of the 'wonders of
Herod Philip, and to be carefully dig- the century.
Hermon, a few miles east of Dan, the
old frontier city of Israel. Named after
ACTII SS AS FAFIMER.
tinguished from the CileSarett on the
• 0
,Nlediterrimean. coast. One of the best:known New York are
That the Son of twin is -Many ancient tresses, Miss Blanche Bates, hettO turttei
authorities read that ;I, the .9on of Man, !ammo as a relief ,feetan the ittervotu
am (Comp. Matt 8. 27; Luke 9. 18). stivain of theatrical i4,verk. She OWill
14. Smile aay John the flautist -For severdyeleven acres Of land, ceverse
exepaple, fterod, and doubtless many leome seven dogs, LA, `number of horses
others.
find quite an army ofe einekene.
Blijah--The famohe prophet of the levee among them and'briakes them
Molds. end teavets sixty d
L o and feoni the Ihreaira.
•