HomeMy WebLinkAboutExeter Advocate, 1905-03-02, Page 2BLESSEDNESS Of 1NE NAND
Difficulties Are Opportunities Inviting IIs
to Master Them
Endure hardness as a good soldier
of Jesus Christ. -II. Timothy, ii., 3.
In our severe experiences life is no
less kind than in our gentle ones. It
is hardness endured that snakes Olen.
It is difficulty overcome that
nclievcs success. Only by the help
of resistance can man create. 'I'no
hamster i:ua beet iron into useful
fortes lee -meet of the enduring hard-
ness with which the iron opposes the
hammer. Only by the friction of the
roils can a train cut the air like a
colossal arrow.
The resistance of the soil as much
helps tho flower c•lieuh into its blos-
som ns the tender uplift of the sun.
The clouds opposing light make sun-
(ets. lit the opposition of the strings
to the how music is born. Bow and
string make a cross out of whose
pain conics the mercy of music.
The great things of art are not the
happy inspirations of idleness. 'The
ache of difficult toil beautifies there
in the Madonna's face. Beauty is
the glorification of drudgery. Ily
two currents in opposition the elec-
tric light shines. No man cnn loaf
into an achievement. Clay cannot
marshal itself into ceramic beauty.
It strives into beauty by the hard
way of the potter's whirring wheel
and repressing hand. It is
FINED IN BEAUTY BY FiRE.
Difficulties are opportunities invit-
ing us to master them. They are
the necessary friction by wihich we
speed to our goal. The hardness of
marble makes it worth while to tut
beauty into its faithful keeping.
Every great career has been cut
into the resisting marble of difficul-
ties. When we learn thin truth dis-
couragement is dethroned. Courage
takes the sceptre and creates a king-
dom. 'There is no more energy given
to complaininge, no Moro time wast-
ed in wishing for caster tusks. Every
opposition is an invitation to hero-
ism. What opposes is our w•orkfel-
low. The hardness we nest endure
is our friend.
This truth holds the ways of being
as well as the wads of doing. It has
t' do with goodness as well as with
goods. it is the greatness of charac-
ter its well ns of career. Out of
rocks and lire the gold conies -the
gold of goodness as the gold of com-
merce. Temptations are calls to vic-
tory. Count it joy when yo.e hear
them, for you can compel them to
yield you the grace of a noble
strength. As from tha m►u(1 of the
pond the water lily wins beauty be-
cause its heOIt is pure. so you can
win from temptations the beauty of
holiness.
An oyster overcomes an irritation
and becomes immortal in the pearl's
beauty. Many a man has compelled
the distressing things of life to yield
him
A BEAUTY OF CiHARACTE11
beyond the price of pearls. What
Jesus endured helps tell His beauty
to the centuries. What martyrs
have suffered mlakea the clouds on
which their glory shines across the
years. '!'herefore think out confident-
ly the kind of man you want to bo.
Fix firmly in your mind the ideal to
which you aspire. Nothing can pre-
vent
ro-vent you from bes:onling the things
you yearn to be. Each opposition
in reality reaches forth a helping
hand. Co-operate with it and you
win a beautiful nature, a noble
career, a Christlike character. It
hut gives the necessary friction by
which you more forward into
achievement.
Every hardness endured makes the
marble of character in which only
the beauty of holiness outlasts the
centuries. heaven is above to be
reached, but the opposing heights
will help you climb. The crown of
sainthood is weaving for you in
every hardness endured, if the spirit
of Christ dwell within yoer, it fol-
lowing His banner you march.
It is a crown of thorns which
Christ wears as the king of the
world. What you suffer will crown
you, if you make yourself worth the
crowning.
THE SUNDAY SCHOOL
INTERNATIONAL LESSON,
FEB` 26.
Lesson IX. "The Miracle of Loaves
and Fishes. Golden Text
John 6, 51.
THE LESSON WORD STUDIES.
Intervening Events. -The healing of
the impotent Man nt Bethesda (see
preceding lesson) led to a public dis-
course by .Jesus in defense of his hav-
ing performed the miracle on the
Snlrbath day. This defense is based
upon the relation of the Soli of God
(which title Jesus applies to him-
self, .John 5.25) to the Father; which
relation explains the power of tho
Son both of communicating spiritual
life and of causing the bodily resur-
rection of the dead. In chapter 6 we
have the record of a twofold sign
(6. 1-25), which again gives rise to
a longer discourse (6. 26-5U), this
discourse in turn producing opposite
r. s +Its of dillhrent hearers. The mir-
e(Is in this case is one involving the
sustenance of life, the discourse
which follows, in harmony with the
intended teaching of she miracle, be-
ing on the Son as the support of
life. How much of synoptic history
inter -totes between the two lessons is
difficult to say, but excellent auth-
orities think all the events recorded
In tnnrk 2.23 to 6.30, Luke 7.1 to
8.54 and parallel passages, together
with the Sermon on the Mount
(,Mott. 5 to 7), must be inserted at
this point.
Four Acco•itil -Tho fending of the
five ..ousted is one of the few evenl8
of our Lord's life recorded
by all four evangelists (comp.
Matt. 14. 13-21, Mark 4,32-14, and
Luke U. 12-17), and as such is
worthy of special study. The par-
allel es nopt Ic ace is should be
carefully compared threeighont.
Verso 1. After these things -The
things mentioned in chapter 5. How
long after is difficult to determine.
John's sequence of events, as far ns
he records events, is probably cor-
ms t, though hie account certainly
cont 0ies gaps, his purpose being
quite another from that of wilting
a chronological narrative. Compare
Int est ening Event s above.
\tent over ("went away to the
other side") -frown the t'deity of
('up„'rinuul, on the west Side of the
lake, across northeast to the ticln-
ity of Ilethsaida Julius (Luke U, 10)
a little distance back from the shore
of the Inke.
tied of Galilee --A little more than
eixty miles nort heast of Jerusalem,
the s end of our last lesson.
Which is (the stat) of Tilrerinn--An
exp limit ion added for the benefit of
readers not familiar with the older
name Galilee. One of ninny little in-
dications that the gospel of John
was written outside of 1'altstii0,
where people were more familiar with
the 'Roman names of pinees and peo-
ple. 'Tiberius ens emperor of !tome
in the tithe of our I.onl (:\.I►. 1.1-
37) and the sen received this name
in his honor.
2. Followed lint -"On foot out of
t cities." ns Matthew explains.
Miracles ("signs") whi.h he (lid -
Not the miracle at ll.•thes,in nlone,
hat many others ohieh hail inter-
vened, recorded in Mark 2. 23 to
6, 30 and Luke 7, 1 to 8.56. and
parallel passages. it ttne nut of the
cities of (faiths', where these miracles
hnd !nen wrought, that the multi-
tudes followed Jesus.
3. Went up into a ("the ') moun-
tain -To be alone with his discirticei,
having lust melt ed the sail news of
John the Baptist's death (Matt. 14,
12, 13).
4. 'The passover-Commemorating
the escape of the Jews from the
bondage of Egypt, and more especial-
ly their escape ftrout the avenging
death -angel who slew the firstborn
of Egypt (comp. Exod. 12. 2 1-27 ).
A ("the") feast -More correctly, the
feast, as in the itevision.
5. Unto hint -Better, toward him.
Philip -The apostle and one of the
Twelve; the fourth of those ehe be-
came followers of .Jesus, and the first
whom -Jesus directly mated (.1ohn 1.
43): a fellow townsman of both An-
drew and l'eter, all three disciples
hating been residents of Bet hsnida of
Gelid. is preached in Asia Minor; and,
according to I'olyerates, hail several
daughters. Not to be confused with
Philip the Evangelist, one of the
seven deacons chosen by the church
at Jerusalem (Acts 6).
itread-A plural noun better trans-
lated loaves. hound or oblong cakes
composed of (lour mixed with water Ur. hector recently wrote that
and baked; in size about has large 's j probably none of the mountains of
a plate and as thickas a u1A Ita E
thumb. British Columbia rises above 13,000
4. To prove him -'1'o test (1) his or 13,500 feet. Outram, Collie nett
sympathy for this hungry multitude,: about a dozen other sten have with -
some of the disciples having sugge.-,t- l In the past ten years ascended ninny
ed (Matt. II, 15) sending the people of tho high peaks of the Canadian
away teasel; (2) his willingness and Rockies and made observations to
his ability to fleet an etuergency; ; ascertnim their altitude. '111e ro-
(3) his faith in his Master's love! milt tiously decided
decrease
innt thee
(love for mankind, compassion) and:Previously accepted
power. Jesus is teaching his discip-number of the highest mountains of
les as well ns helping a needy, hum- ` these ranges.
gry multitude. �♦
7. Two hundred pennyworth ("shil-
lings' w•01th")-The dennrion, (Lat. BETTER ASK IIIM.
dennrius) was a silver coin worth
Words omitted by the best manu-
scripts.
1'2. fragile its that remain ("bro-
ken pieces which remain over") -Un-
distributed portions remaining in the
hands of the Master and of the dis-
ciples. not crumbs and pieces left by
these who had veldt.
13. Baskets (kophinuus) Stnall
wicker bassets iu which travelers
carried fond and other things need-
ful on a journey.
11. That prophet -"Litre unto
Moses" 1Deut. 18, 14-19); commonly
uinierslood by ,he people in Christ's
time to refer to the promised Ales -
:late
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
Canadian Rockies Not So High as
Was Thought.
In no part of the world excepting
Alaska has there been more rapid
progress in geographical exploration
in the past few years than in Itritish
Columbia. The latest facts concern
a number of new passes through the
Rocky Mountains.
Some readers may be surprised
that there should be anything Left
in British Columbia to discover. 'I9to
fact is that the Government surveys
are yet far from covering the larger
part of that big region. The fine
geographical work that a mission-
ary has recently been doing shows
that there are still opportunities for
discovery in this part of the Domin-
ion.
Father Morice, whose emission sta-
tion is( on the shores of Lake Stuart
nearly in the ceetro of the Province.
has been travelling many hundreds
of miles in a canoe, mapping all the
streams, lakes, mountains and val-
leys in the upper basin of the Net-
ebakhoh River. A Cite map of his
discoveries, which has just'boon pub-
lished by the Neuchatel Geographi-
cal Society of Switzerland, shows
many details that have been sten on
no previous map. Lake Morice, for
example. which is not found on the
latest atlas sheets of Itritish Colum-
bia. Is fifty miles long, and 777 feet
deep.
Tho new passes in the ltockies
have been studied by a party of
Grand Trunk Pacific engineers who
have been engaged in the work
about a year. A newspaper has re-
ported
o-ported that this partv has discover-
ed the Smoke River, Porcupine, Rod
Deer, Wapiti and Pine River passes,
but this statement is not quite cor-
rect.
All these great passes through the
IRockies to the north of the Canadi-
an Pacific Railroad have been known
to exist for some time, but the en-
gineers have been the first to study
them in detail. and they now re-
port that they ere all available for
railroads, that the gradients on the
cast are very gentle and that some
of the passes are wide enough for
double tracks.
The scheme of the Canadian Paci-
fic Railroad was Inug'Iiod at as im-
practicable until the great gateway
through Kicking ' Horse Pass was
discovered. It is now known that
further north there are several other
passer) lower than those which the
Canadian Pacific uses and that they
will amply suffice for ell of Canada's
railroad needs through the moun-
tains.
Explorations of the past few years
show that the old Ideas of the
heights of the leading peaks of the
Canadian Rockies were much exag-
gerated. Peaks still appear on some
of the maps as from 15,000 to 17,-
(00 Get above the sea.
1 bout 16 2-3 renis. Hence the sum A Lawyer tells how once it shall
mentioned by Philip was equal to boy got the better of hien in cross -
about 33 1-3 dollars ($33.873) in our examination. I'nrt of the question -
money. i1't purchasing potter was iii: ad the replies thereto were as
doubtless greater. foHmt•ns:--
. 8. Andrea', 81111011 Peter's brother "trove you any occupation?'
-At first a disciple of .101111 the "No."
Baptist; one of the Best two disciples "Don't you do any work at all?'
who followed .iesus (.iohn 1, "No."
37-40); lass prominent in apostolic ",lust loaf around home?"
history than the brother whom he ''17r+nt's about a11."
hail led to Christ; n native at Beth- "What dues your father do?"
cnida in Galilee. Of his Inter sphere '•Nothin' much."
of work nothing certain is known. "Doesn't he do anything to sup -
Tradition resorts him to have labor- port the family?"
(d1 111 (1rce(e, Ml►ce.loniu, 0nd :‘sea "Ile does odd jobs once In n while
Miner, finally suffering martyr(' nt when he ren get them."
Petrie..n ('Ivy' ofAt lAlll. Pelet''s 'As n ntntter (11 fact. Isn't your
personal ebaracte• and history is father n pretty worthless fellow,
better known and need not he set tenets always lighting, nod a loaf -
forth here.
U. Burley )saves -Anil hence an in-
sr?"
betfetior quality of food. 'I he word for "1 don't know, sir: you'd ere In
'mites is the stone as that trnnslitt- ask hien. !id's satin' over there n
pd bread in verse 5 above --which the Jury -box,"
compere.
1'i:hi s -The Greek word may apply
to meat generally, or to anything
eaten with bread es n relish. As well
ns to small fishes so tots!. The syn -
(Heists use ikthues, (he usual wont
for fishes.
10. Sit down-I,it,•r.ttly, re:li. • .
Thin command 110311(1 indicate tit it
more than n scanty !rile or •imine
luncheon was to be served. Men re-
cline) to partake of a meal. The
simple nleiilonce of the illecipt.•s in
seating so inriro n company of hun-
gry people before a vlsihle food sup-
ly was on hand is n remarkable
commentary on their faith in .Iesit.
A1)out five thmrsatel-l'ir'e thmi-
sand men besides women end child-
ren" a Mat t. 14. 21). and he.u•e a
total number easily twice ns Inrge.
11. Giten thanks-i•:mh of the
other etnngelists re:vtr.ls his looking
up to heaven and blessing. .\ fami-
liar formula nsetl in prayer by the
Jews before eating was. "Blessed art
thou .Jehovah our Gott, King 0f the
wort 1, whit vainest to conte forth
bread from the earth."
To the disciples, and the disciples-
•
(1IIA111)1X(! TItl: S.
'1 here aro prohnbly few inanimate
e;e,cts which have not nn occult sig-
hilieation attached to them In some
part of the world, and for a long
time iron has been held in venera-
t ie,n by the decrees in the south of
the United States. They have a su-
perstition to the effect that if Iron
he Ming upon the branches of a tree,
it will keep off evil spirits and In-
sure a good crop of fruit. In Mary-
land there Is n p.'nch-t re protected
In this strange wily. SuspendeMI from
the trunk and branches nro chains,
stove -lids, grates. ntel Iron nails,
and it is a remnrk(thle fact that
since It has been so adorned, Its
crop of peaches has become larger
each year.
.Ingo-•"rli'.y say that n term
Amin! not be judged by the clothes
he wears." firs. .Ingo -"Quite cor-
rect. 1i should be judgtsl by the
clothes hijs wife Wears."
HOME
MI( **********:
Ix►M1:5'1'IC ItECIPF.S,
Fried Cakes. -put a quart of flour
in a pan; add two teaspoonfuls of
baking powder. one cup each of su-
gar and sweet milk, two eggs, un-
beaten, three tablespoonfuls of lard
end our teaspoonful of lemon ex-
tract. Mix soft and cut in rings.
Have the lard for try Eng not too
bot, just hot enough. They are de-
licious.
Ginger Cookies. -Two cups molass-
es, nue cup each of sugar and lard,
tett-thirds cup cold coffee and soda.
Mix unil bake in a quick oven.
Ginger Snaps. -One cup each of
Now Orleans nnolans(es and sugar,
three tablespoonfuls of lard and six
of cold coffee, one teaspoonful each
of cinnamon, ginger and soda.
For Apple Salad. -'Yuko small,
smooth, rel apples that aro very
trait, cut a Waco from the end, then
remove the core. 'Throw the peeled
apple into cold water to keep it
from discolor ing, and chop rather
coarsely. Mix it with chopped on-
ion. ar1(1 pour over it an oil and
vinegar dressing. Scatter chopped
parsley over, and serve.
The Secret of Cooking Sausages
Well-ls to let them heat very grad-
ually'. It so prepared the skins will
not burst, so long as the sausages
aro fresh. The common practice of
pricking sausages is not to be re-
commended, as it allows the gravy
to escape. A few slices of apple
fried with the sausages are an im-
provement.
'1'o Boil Rico Successfully.-llavo
ready a large sauce -pan of boiling
water, salt it thoroughly. Wash the
rico In several waters to remove tho
flour, etc. Throw into the fast boil-
ing water, add a tablespoonful of
vinegar, and cook for exactly a
quarter of an hour. Then (Irvin
through a sieve, and keep the rice in
a warns place (111 wanted.
An Orange Drink -Which you will
like is made by boiling three-quarters
of a pound of lout sugar in one pint
and a quarter of water, skimming it.
well. Squeeze into thin the juice of
three oranges, stir well and add one
quart of water, and a few strips of
thin orange peel; stir all together.
1'lace in a covered jug and stand till
cold. Add a new slices of orange be-
fore
o-fore serving.
Flat Gingerbread Cakes -Take ono
pound and a quarter of flour, and
into it work four ounces of lard or
dripping and a quarter of a pound
of brown sugar, with one ounce of
ginger (ground); add one pound of
molasses slightly warmed. and, last.
of all, a good teaspoonful of carbon-
ate of soda dissolved in a little like
waren milk. liake in a Yorkshire
pudding tin, cut into squares- while
hot. and set on a sieve to cool.
Celery with tomato sauce is an
excellent vegetable course. Iloil sev-
eral heads of celery. freed from green
and cut into two inch lengths, till
tender. strain the celery very dry.
place it in a hot vegetable (11sh and
pour over it some good melted but-
ter sauce in which is mixed sufficient
tomato sauce to give all n nice color
and flavor. 'Turn the celery over
once, scatter chopped parsley over
and serve.
1''ish Pudding. -Boil a medium
Wed haddoek, and when cooked re-
move the meat from the bones in
nice flaky pieces. Boil about halt a
pound of potatoes and when cooked
rub theme through it wire sieve. Mix
the fish and potato together, add.
salt. pepper. and cayenne, n nice
lump of butter or vial flied beef
dripping, an egg beaten in two table-,
epoonfuls of milk. Stir all tog -ether.'
and if you like parsley, add a little
finely chopped. flutter a pie dish,
put in the inixturc with a little more
butter on the top. Bake until bol
through and (he top is nicely browe-
ed
tient fickle. -'rake one pound of.
common salt, a quarter of n pound
of bay salt, two ounces of saltpetre,
and one ounce of brown sugar. Mix
all together thoroughly, and well rub'
the ham with this mixture. Let the straightway into hot notional poll -
hem lie in a tub for four (toys,. rine. ties. That phenomenon here dis-
hing it and turning It deb day. closes Ittissia in the critical throes
'Then add one pound of treacle. and' of producing what Is termed n mid -
leave it for nearly three works. be- (110 class.
ing careful to rub and turn the haul it hae been the uniform practice
every day. Wipe off all the apices here that every chnn00 Should be
with a damp cloth; nitre vary dry, , worked IW it stroke of the sover-
and hong up to dry. If possible. ;0ign's pen. 1t,t 1? td bus have not
have the haat smoked.
IIIN'I`S FOiR T111: HOME.
covortd with velvet, instead of a
brush. A brush wears the silk, and
the velvet plot while avoiding this
removes the dust beautiftilly.
Never cut siring if you can avoid
it and if it has to bo cut do it as
ueur the knot us possible. Save all
Ole struig, and for the purpose have
a special box. 1f string thus saved
is to be really useful, each piece
must be done up separately, so that
it ('ar1 easily be undone, before it is
put away. This small ee0 y, if
faithfully carried out, will sate many
pennies in the year, for string is
necessary in every kitchen, and also
for pecking up parcels.
Life cnn be seeitnined for about
thirty days on water alone. With
only solid food, one could live but
one quarter of that time.
'1'o Clean the itailings of Banisters.
-Wash all the dirt off with soap and
water, and when dry rub with two
parts of linseed oil and ono part of
turpenfino. 1f the smell of the tur-
pentine be objectionable, use two
parts of sweet oil and one part of
alcohol, but the mixture of linseed
oil and • t urpent lee is most desirable.
To Clean a Feather )ion. -First
procure coarse bran and a small
quantity of flour. Mix both together
and set in the oven to get thorough-
ly hot. Also warm a largo cotton
bug. Put the boa into the bag,
shake in the bran, etc, and do up
the end. !tub the bag well and
shake it thoroughly. 'fake out the
boa, shake it thoroughly and it will
bo equal to new. If the boa bo very
dirty two lots of flow', etc., will bo
required.
Kitchen tins may bo brightened by
boiling them in strong borax water.
Rinse in hot water and dry, and un-
less they have been very much neg-
lected they will be silver blight.
!toasting in a pot or saucepan is
especially suitable for small pieces of
meat, such as French cooks cook to
perfection. Melt and heat a good
tablespoonful of dripping in a pot.
Brown the (neat on all sides in this,
so as to harden the outside and
keep in the gravy. Then draw the
pot to the silo of the fire and let
the meat cook slowly, with the lid
on the pot; baste it frequently. This
is a very economical mode of cook-
ing because of the small quantity of
fire required to heat the miniature
oven. To make the joint more tasty
add an onion and a few bits of celery
to the pot.
Wash chiffon, especially white, and
it can be made to look almost like
new. Make a lather of best yellow
song, and let it stand till lukewarm.
Soak the chiffon in this for one hour.
Shake it gently round in the suds,
but do not rub. S(teeese out care-
fully, and rinse in two or three lots
of cold water. Dissolve a little guns
in a teacupful of water, and add n
few drops of vinegar. Dip in the
chiffon, and (do not squeese, but lay
between the folds of a clean cloth
and pat with the hand; pull out care-
fully. (.'over with a piece of tissue
pnpor, and iron with a moderato
iron.
THE NEW LIGHT IN RUSSIA
AWAKENING THAT MAY BRING
ABOUT REVOLUTION.
The Newly Born Middle Class
Are the Product of the
Universities.
As the national indorsement of
the reform programme epreatds xtcad-
ily over the whole of Russia there
is a feature which rect's persistent-
ly in each local movement. Bodies
which fere wholly non-political ill
other countries fere hero foremost in
pressing the agitation against the
Government, says it St. Petersburg
letter.
Medical societies, engineers' associ-
ations, the teaching profession.
headed by nearly all the mit-deity
professors, are as active as the law-
yers. Every nation which docs its
own lawmaking lets naturally a big
pert..•lenge of lawyer() in its Legisla-
ture, but it is not the practice
abroad for doctors or architects or
any other class of profteasionul Men
when they sleet to discuss tnatters
affecting their culling to plunge
1)o not salt stock 1i11 you hove
done skimming it, ns the salt pre -1 not the 111+ritr)tions to the people.
vents the scum from rising. Add; The first sharp Repression made on
very little at a time. t he Got(rireetit by the Crimean (Von
Snt•e sour tail: in large or small fifty years lig() was that a complete
quantities. for it 18 SO useful for abeence of national education had
dikes, when carbonate of stela must reeved a handicap. They were en -
bo su1)8111uted fi,r the usual Laking-- t i rely ieet in hotline t hat their
powder. soldiers hnd proved n( least as
The secret of hawing light, good brave rind hardy 118 the french or
meshed potatoes fs to keep thein hot the J'nelish. lett in ell the muulti-
tthile numbing and to have the milk tilde of things thnt are nec0v.ni•v tt
with which they are tnoistened hot the conduct of n w 11 , the t nnspret t
also, url nni"ntion. the nrrnneisne me for
When grease is spilled on a hot let tin•: tele division knots what an -
stole, throw plenty of salt on it other w.•q doing. they
quickly and the smoke and "smudge' AI►\iI1(1:Iti,Y 111011(1.1DO1ti'y1.
will be largely prevented.
Fifteen yards of five -cent gighn,n
or print and four rolls of batting
will make a better comforter than
you can buy for S1.7. , end you will
know whet it is stuffed with. Very
cheap cotton generally goes to the
filling of the "store" comforter.
Somebody- has discovered that
prunes, soaked and chopper!, snake an
acceptable addition to fruit cake.
One of the geic•kest and etstbest
whys to clean n greasy pan is to
turn the grease out and wipe the
pan, while hitt , with soft paper.
Burn the papas and trash the pan
with soup and water.
'1'o ('leen Bronze. -Make the article
hot by putting it into soiling water
and then clean it with a piece of labllyhed whol. sole, not 0111y in
flannel dipped in sonpsu.ty. It must greet cities. but in every province.
then be di1'd and polished with a
soft flannel. The whole process
should be performed as rnsidly as
possible.
'l'o brush dirt from silk Use a pad
grown up: they hove been deposited
ns completed) produrts, incl it is the
people who have been cello.' on to
adapt thems:l•.e8 10 the institutions,
The treatment prescribed by the
Government after the war was over
consisted in the creation of univer-
sities all over the 'conte-'. Out 0f
these the am hot ? los expected to
sec mnnufactiwed that. new 1 dis-
covered useful thion.
But none of the governing elnss or
territorial nobility dreamed of send-
ing their suns to these brand new
universities. 'rhey had them edu-
cated private Iv and by travelling tu-
tors, ns had always been the Russian
nobl(s' WAY.
It c. ry soon carne to be it pressing
question who were to be put into
these universities which had Dien es -
however remote or unitnp()rtant .
The lila•rntion (f the pw•nsantry from
being the legal chattels of the inna-
owner. fed and clothed from the pro-
ceeds of their work cm the 101111, Mit
rame
not paid waties nor allowed to heave
their owner's estute, which was also
a political sequel to the defeats that
the ('rinuann war had discknvu(i, soon
gave the Government an ideet Nhieh
enitiiie.l it 10 get out of tits dila ltlaa
17w children of those freed peas-
ants, who worn best at learning -
there were and there aro no State
primary schools, but in twist dis-
tricts the noble family tutor or some
of his poywor relations, very seldom,,
the. Orthodox priest, would help a
clever child -were drafted into these
new provincial universities, where
their training was directed in pre-
paring them for the subordinate
clerking departments of the Govern-
ment service.
But tills system of education,
especially the daily companion -hip
of numbers of poor and ambitious
young then who expected nothing
but a life of empty drudgery. in a -
few years was once again an anxi-
ety to the Coverntnei t. '17w places
which were intended to supply that
species of education which the Gov-
ernment wanttel were all turning in-
to forcing grounds of
RADICAL POLITICS.
7'he rulers took the lino of least
resistance in creating thousands of
vacancies in the State service every
year for no other purpose than to
absnoM) these dangerous educated
poor. itut there is a limit even to
this in Russia, anti for most of the
last generation the universities have
been turning out each year larger
numbers of 01011 who are trained for
separate professions and not for
Government service. They represent
Russia's first specimens of an cem-
ented, independent middle class
'1'o refuse to take note of these
class acfrnitions is to miss the (actu-
al working out of national develop-
ment here.
Only two classes in Russia have
historic traditions and legally de-
fined positions -nobles and peasan-
try. The middle ground between
the two has been gradually occupied
by pcoplo who are no longer tied to
the land as under the serf laws and
have prospered more or less in busi-
ness in the towns or have gone into
the educated professions. 'These peo-
ple have found thenisel'es without. a
political position in the conunun-
ity.
The peasant laws are based on
the principle of paternal care, no re-
sponsibility or authority, but, on
the other hand, certain legal pro-
tections from fraud. The very qua-
lities that bring people into this
middle ground in the population of
Russia aro just those which make
pennant laws intolerable to them.
They are not particularly afraid of
being defrauded in the ordinary af-
fairs of life: the fact that they have
got to the positions they occupy,
goes to indicate that they are nblei
to take care of themselves. On the
other hand, they are willing to bear
authority and responsibility.
All this educated opinion repre-
sents a dilTertnit problem from that
of the peasantry. It is not n ques-
tion of more food, of more intelli-
gent agricultural tuethods, better
roads and fewer local exactions by
tax gat.here•s. These are
Til'E DAiLY QUES'T'IONS
of the pcneantry. For the educated
reformers the agitation Is wholly
political. Any economic reforms
they would prefer to wait for until
they were allowed to have a hand in
framing thorn.
Their greatest encouragement and
strength comes from the co-opera-
tion of the territorial nobility.
These have always t'ei,!arded the Gov-
ernment functionaries, up to and in-
cluding- the Ministers of State, as
a species of Chinese literati, trainee
parasites on the body of the nation
whose functions they impede. As
the agitation proceeds there appears
11 closer union between the leaders
of 1hce provincial nobility class and
this new middle class whose grand-
fathers were serfs.
Tho policy which M. Witte is
adopting aims at economic develop-
ment for the peasantry and is
against the political rights demand-
ed by the middle class. Resolute
and single minded though he is. it is
difficult to understand how he can
prevail eventlnlly ngninst a con-
etantly increasing body which has
plenty of energy and is not at all
modest,
There is nothing academic about
their methods. They record all
around their approval of the act of
Ito I'lehve's assassin, who was of
the class from which they are drawn.
The ominous recurrc00ce of the bomb
idea in the past two months comet)
from the younger awl angrier -of
this party. and not from the starv-
ing anarchist type.
It 1' ronvtitutionatiem that they
call for in deadly earnest and no
longer the local nd ' ist•ative re-
forms of the first programme. 'nip
(iover•nment answers that Russia
is in a wholly different posit' po-
litically from any other great come
try and that she needs a wholly dif-
ferent system.
"It in not so." say these business
two, lawyers, doctors. engineers, all
this new class in Russia which is
itiplying over the spnc0 that lies
between noble and peasant. "\\'0
ere not of very different stuff front
whet other people's are evade of,
fond we want to take the same risks
and chances as they."
Nenr•nIgin of the body is frequen(•
ly mistaken for pleurisy It may
ie distiltguished by the fact of ivy
being more 'n the surface, and its
shifting about from place to pined -
Any anodyne linimentt, srtch ns led!•
Ind(mtla, npplic d on a piece of Ilan-
_k
next n tonic such as quinine!
will {sive relief
The young wife hutted her heel ie
the sofa pillow and sleeted ns if her
heart would break. "%V -el en vo
were married," she goblet). ''s..1
said that no matter whit hnep••te•1
you wos1111 love nue s.l i t l.'''\ eS,
recoiled the bretal hush/tett, -het
you never are 81111. That is 1.a
reason 1 don't lots you."