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The Exeter Advocate, 1924-11-27, Page 7Address communications to Agronomist, 73 Adelaide St. West Toronto • VALUABLE STORAGE EXPER- hay, straw, bean hulls, thick paper -- anything to keep the products clean and dry. Old boards next: to the sides will prevent caving -in of the soil. Products are poured into the pit till they form a cone-shaped heap, when hay or straw is spread over ahem, to a thickness of five or six inches. Next to this is a three or four -inch layer of In storing cabbage for poultry feed fresh dirt. The pit is left standing in this condition till the • first sharp (where more boce is required), we freeze, _so the coldness will be held dig aidenen about aaceot deep and near the stored products through the' justg wide enough to_ accommodate a winter. In the meantime, it is well singlead of cornstaage.lks. This is lined to cover this layer of dirt with some with sends are placed ins. T to nab- old lumber, or old roofing, to guard head -toads withaee placed to the trench, against the entrance of heavy fall head down, the roots rp the Hay s rains. A trench is run the entire dis- and • is t six . thinly cer over heads, tense around the it •with`an ° opening enin about six inches of dirt tossed.pit, p 8 over them. With another layer of at the lowest point, for_South India, Col, Perera has been l slatsplaced one arid quarter inches The' la er next to the dirt ma , be , n a q a ei u s cornstalks, straw and trash over the y y in Canada for six weeks lecturing on. apart to provide drainage and circuli- dirt, it will freeze some, but the cab- of any kind of xotted hey, straw, missionary work in the interests of tion of air and at corn -stalks, strawy manure, etc, forthe same'time afford lege will keep in fine condition. The rotection a ainst further freezing.the Salvation' Army, and addressed `sufficient space to hold the utensils.. natural flavor and +crispness of the P glarge gatherin s• in Winnie Toronto Another layer of dirt is tossed over h Winnipeg, The framework is constructed of 1x2- product are preserved better by this this covering, to avoid scattering. If method than any we ever have tried. 'Where small quantities of winter patted down with the back of the a ✓ spade, so much. the better. radishes, turnips, beets, carrots, etc:, Note.—For ideal conditions,a ni are stored for table use, we arrange ve t medium-sized barrels or boxes with 'a lator should be provided, reaching Iayer of dirt, then a layer of ve e_ from the stored products to the outer g surface of the pit. It is about six tables, layer of papere binis • filled over a inches in diameter (we used an old Wickkeep oducts beer his stove -pipe last season). Hay or straw m e. stored products April, this is stuffed Tato the ventilator; except method till andtoe following April, their on moderate, bright days, when it is crispness tempting flavor remain- lromremoved to air out the pit. o almost the same as if just pulled . Select only strictly first-class pro. We usually wrap several boxes of fr"the ground. ducts for storage. Bruises, breaks in the skin, rotten specks and worm- apples in paper particulaxl f th IENCES. We have found that cabbage keep best in cave or cellar storage if wrap- ped in two or three thicknesses- of paper. The roots and stalks are left on, which makes it handy to tie them up whe tiahey occupy the least space, and where they will not get damp • • Col. S. PeIera. One of the `Chief• officers of the Sal- vation Army in 'India, and Principal of the Native Officers' Training School HORSE, For worms in.horses.use, a mixture:.:• of two parts of salt, one part. of dried sulphate of iron (powdered copperas) and one part of flowers of su.phur,'by weight. The dose is one .tablespoon- ful of the mixture` in dampened feed, night and morning, for- a week,, then ;stop.,, for a week, when the treatment may be repeated. •emit' iron for a pregnant mare and increase, sulphur. A more .effective treatment is to with- hold feed for .36 hours and then have a veterinarian administer four or' five drams of oil of chenopodium in gela- tin capsules and follow inimediately with one quart of raw linseed oil: Sunning Milk Cans. A screened sun sterilizer can be made very easily which will prevent hies from coming in contact with. milk utensils after they have been washed and steamed and placed in the sun to receive complete sterilization. The sterilizer is made by covering a frame with screen wire. The frame is twelve feet long, two and a half feet high and two and three-quarters feet wide. Tlie bottom is made of one -inch ere is a scarcity of fruit at storage time, holes mean spoilage later on. because we then can utilize second- Allow products for storage to cure grade, cheaper products for storage.outdoors as long as possible without Such products are inspected a few freezing. Never allow sun or rain to weeks after storage, to guard against'' strike curing products. The former spoilage, bad ones being discarded, to will cause sun -burn; the later will avoid further contamination, start rot. In cave or cellar storage we always Store products only on cool, airy have been troubled by fruit and vege- tables getting too warm (which shriv- els them or starts sprouting), or by dampness causing rot. The basement days, so they will go into storage without any heat present. Never place the entire supply in cave storage or in out -door storage, but have some n particular, is almost sure to be too stored by various approved methods, warm. The cellar or cave usually is so at least one part will be sure to too damp. keep. We have found the out -door storage Where stowed products begin to pit overcomes both of these draw- show spoilage, sort out the3nes .which backs, if properly constructed and the may be used, and either work them e ables stored correctly as to qua]- into some form of food for the fam- a nd care of them. Improperly ily, or pierce them at once on the mar- handled in the out -door pit, products ket. In fact, it is advisable in most are snore easily lost than In cellar storage, since they are not. where they can be watched so closely, Our storage -pit is about three feet wide, from a foot to two feet deep, and as long as needed. Sometimes it is round, any desired width. The pit is on a slope, preferably to the north cases to me :ket all surplus stored products within two orthree months after storage, to avoid all further losses by spoilage and shrinkage. This is particularly true of produce stored in the basement, as evaporation of the juices often is very rapid, and pro- ducts soon arepractically without for good drainage.. It is lined with value. Certified Potato Seed. As proving the value of certified potato seed compared with uncertified, the New Brunswick' Dept. of Agri- culture refers to four instances in favor of the former. In the first in- stance certified seed produced 202 bushels of merchantable potatoes as compared with 90 bushels from un- certified; in the second instance the certified seed gave 319 as against 251 bushels. The difference in the yields, third and fourth instances, were 296 bushels compared with 109.5 and 250 bushels as compared with 191 bushels to the acre. The inspection service conducted by the Dominion Dept. of Agriculture has also proved highly beneficial to potato growers as is shown by the increase of the ten-year average in this country from 146 bushels to 258. By prov- inces the increase has been: Prince Edward Island, 160 bushels to 247; Nova Scotia, 180 bushels to 183; New Brunswick, 181 bushels to 283; Que- . bee, 156 bushels to 277; Ontario, 115 bushels to 233; Manitoba, 130. bushels to 235; Saskatchewan, 134 bushels to 231, and Alberta, 148 bushels to 220. British Columbia conducts its,own service and consequently_ its prduc- tion was not .given in the. `Dominion Botanist's address before the House of Commons Select ' Committee on .Agriculture. In the same address theDominion Botanist, Mr. H. T. Gussow, testified. that the certified seed potato of Carl - aids had established for itself a most favorable reputation, especially in the Eastern States. Hogs and Sheep Up. t Fw At all the principal markets in Can- ada the Markets Intelligence Division of the Dominion Live Stock Branch was able to report an increase on the average of the top prices for hogs and sheep on October 23 compared with - the same date last ;year.' At Toronto. for hogs there was an average in- crease, taking all kinds into account, of $2.22;, at Montreal' an increase of '79cti at Winnipeg an increase of 98c; at Calgary an increase of $1:61, and at .Edmonton an iricreaseof 49c. Of lambs and sheep the' average in crease, taking all sorts into account, was: at Toronto $1.25; at Yientreal 44c; at Winnipeg $1; at Calgary 37e, and at Edmonton $1.25. It is better to lc i Gw the work o�'•the incliric?nta'. hr,r than the average of the °firde. Apple Storage Packages. How to store the apples on the farm? That is a question that both- ` ers most of us fruit growers. As a rule the choice lies between three different packages. One may use barrels, which in many sections is the almost universal custom. Or one may use the type of box in which the apples are to be sold. Or, lastly, one may have a special type of box trade for storage purposes. The great argument in favor of $ using' the seine type of package for storage that is to be used when the t apples are sold is that it simplifies the work and makes it unnecessary to provide a special. storage package. On the other hand, the packages, whether i barrels or boxes, become more or less f soiled by use and are not so attractive. when the fruit is sold. • After giving the matter"a good deal of consideration and trying out most of the common packages in use, the writer is pretty firmly convinced that it will pay any apple grower who is to store apples at home to provide a special heavy bushel box for the pur- pose. Boxes are. much more conven- ient to handle than barrels. Then the square box stows much more econom- ically in . the storage room than the barrel. And, lastly, the smaller quan- tity of fruit in the box seems to very, definitely influence its keeping quality.! There is, of course, an added' initial t expense;, in, buying the storage boxes, but: it is doubtful if in the long run they cost' any more, and certainly they are a great advantage Get;' some heavy bushel boxes with holes at the ends to provide for handles, and' test; them out:'.. auu inontreai. The Western "Hip -Hold." If you have occasion to pull hard on a rope, here is ",a simple method that will help you 'hold better: Loop one end of the rope over your right hand and put it behind your - hip, pressing down to hold it there. Use yolir left hand as in ordinary pulling. This is generally called the western "Hip Hold" because in roping horses inch pieces. The top of the sun stand consists of a door which provides a convenient way' to place the pails awd other. equip- ment in for their sun' bath. The stand is attached to the outside of the milk house. Any dairyman can quickly make a screen protector for his sun stand at a very little cost and it will be a great help in protect- ing milk. Feeding skim -milk, has a tendency and cattle the cowboys often use it. to whiten the flesh of fowls. ,By DOROTHY £TFIEL WALSH. Awnings and Their Rnaation to General Decorations. Awnings are :primarily utilitarian or svhich' are not in keeping with in character. Recently, however, the general type and mood of the ext' riat'. they have joined the ranks of the numerous articles which s"ers•e com- fort, but whose decorative possibili- ties are not to be Ignored. In this day of apartment hones it .Is of course impossible to take Into consideration thejndividuai interiors of a building when awnings: far the whole structure are to be se:ie. tee] .A donservative color, or one of neu- tral combination will best _serve. There are, however, many homes. both large and small, the awnihr. Tare as an•example of a good selection the, small home, simple in outline, similar to the one shown in to -day's illustration. Quaintness to the element developed in the decura turns Informal, designed for simple living, ,this home would lose its charm if ornate or wide striped awnings were usea at its windows. yninl= br.,xen striped design was therefore selected, and it proves;to be in mood with the spirit of th! hu.ie. Home Education "The Child's F,rst School le the Farnlly"—Froobel." Spoiling the Child—By Elsie F. Kartack. One often hears' a mother say, "Let opening day of school she overslept the children play now because they will have to work hard enough when they grow up." Does she stop to think that a childhood spent in play is inadequate preparation for 'the work to be done in manhood or wo- manhood? To be sure, childhood is the time for play and we should not expect a child to do the things that an adult does, but he should be train- ed to assume small responsibilities, gradually increasing them until he is ready to go out into the world fully prepared to take his share. Mothers think that they are help - e ing their children by waiting upon n them, but they are in truth harming _ them. I have in mind a young girl whose mother was so devoted to her. • that she never ea. allowed her to do any, e` any - ,"thing for herself nor to share in the t responsibilities of the home. She was s, scarcely allowed to think for herself. at The mother assumed the working out s of each of her problems. When she s finally left home to go away to school, d she was helpless indeed. She was y tardy at classes, lessons were im- properly prepared, she Iost her books sur and purse, and, in general, was a sad s trial to her teachers and others with whom she came in contact: Finally, l her training completed, or supposedly completed, she secured a position as teacher in her home town. On the SHOULD THE WIDOW QUIT FARMING? BY HILDA RICHMOND. When a farmer's wife is suddenly deprived of her husband and has had no time to make plans, as is the case when the man of the house is taken by accident or epidemic, it very often happens that the whole life is chang- ed hang ed for the widow and children with- out proper consideration. In the mo- ment of grief and anxiety, the widow often hastily disposes of everything available and moves to town with her children, thinking this is the only course open. to her. Later she feels that she might have done better by sticking to the farm, arm, particularly if the farm belonged to her. Where the husband lingers weeks or months with no hope of recovery, he is able to ar- range a clear, comprehensive program for his family and acquaint the wife with the details of his business and what he thinks is best far all, but when death comes suddenly many mis- takes are likely to be made. must plan to have some of her fields farmed on shares to provide grain for 'her poultry, sheep, the few pigs and a 1 cow that she ought to keep. Of course it looks discouraging to the widow to - !have her income cut in half or less, I and to have the burden of farming Ithrust upon her. However, if she re- members that hundreds of women • placed as she now is have succeeded admirably, and that her children ar Isafer on the farm than in town, the she will be helped over many diffi I eulties. It goes without saying that th widow must be a woman. of courage of business sense, of sound judgmen and of a hopeful disposition if she i to succeed in farming. But by th same sign, the widow who dissolve in tears when the least thing goe wrong and who is afraid of har work, will slump in town as'quick]. as in the' country, and let her children grow up haphazard. Not the s roundings but the woman determine whether the result is success or fail ure. Often women succeed beyond al the expectations of their friends and a relatives simply because they give to al the task a devotion, an insight and a s, comprehension that was not necessary er-, in the days 'when a strong, capable d man was . at the head of affairs, and. ss nobody suspected the wife of being n the power behind the throne. It' is a en wise woman who can keep herself in d the background and let her husband s 1 manage but who can . still keep in- ad formed as to what is going on so that d; she may lend her intelligence and AFTER THE FUNERAL. Nothing should be done hastily after the funeral unless expenses make it necessary to part with.some of the possessions at once. When widow sells out her stock and tools few weeks after her husband die there are always unscrupulous p sons to take advantage of the force sale, and things sell for much le than their actual value. At a sale i our community such things as gar d tools, smoked meats, vinegar an other produce went at ridiculou prices. Suddenly the family h hrunk from husband, wife, two hire men, three children, and an aged aun. o a wife and three children; so 1 seetped folly not to let the farm pro duce go, particularly as it was late i t he winter. What could have been sol n town at much better prices went or a song, and the grief-stricken widow awoke to the fact that, she ha been illeadvised in hurrying up th sale to "get away from the plat •1 judgment to help without seeming to it do so. The weak, whining, tearful, discouraged widow should never think n of farming, but there is really little a d woman can do in town or country until she has mastered herself and faces life courageously d 1 Kai• P UP THE FERTILITY. ei Before the children are old enough where she had had so much bad luck." Where there is a large family of l oys and girls, often the best thing to do is to keep right on farming.• Ex -1 eases- are so much higher in town b p than in the country, and the woman' used to` the freedom of garden, orch- ard, dairy, poultry yard and farm will, find that she will seldom see the good things of the old life when she mus .pay retail,prices for them. Then, too, t he absence of chores for the active children and the necessary restraint hat confines them to one small town lot will cause' discontentment until they can be adjusted to the new life. It is true that there` are more mone - y Makin occupations g occu p for boys in townthan inthe country, but it is also true that such • occupations generally pay little. A boy who carried, newspapers faithfully for three months discovered at the end of that time that all he had for his work was a dollar a week, and that he had worn out more shoe leather on the long : trips than his . vages , amounted to. NIAP OUT A SYSTEM. Of course it takes very careful plan- ing to map oat a system of farming to do the "big" jobs, the farm may run down somewhat froin lack of re- pairs, but if the fertility of the soil is kept up the volume will not de - Crease materially, Often a neighbor can.be hired at slack times to repair fences and make new gates, and it is possible to hire workmen from townto paint and build, but the widow will t: have to shut her eyes to many things and not worry for the first few years. She' will have to see to it that clover is sown regularly, since the supply of manure will fall short, and.she will have to ' plan her work according to her ability, keeping chickens, a cow or two, and raising vegetables for her ready money week by week. Unless she .is far from town there should be a substantial "marketing" .every week in the year to keep up the i.unning expenses, for in'the eggs and cream there is.a double income-mailceting, and manure for the fields. Nobody with common sense would say that it is easy 'for - a widow to farm. Likewise, nobody would say that it is easy for a widow in. any situation to make a living, for a fam- ily and raise her children without: the help of their father.: The whole pro- ceeding calls . for heroic > effort, ;;elf denial, hard work and much earnest thought, but'the multitudes of'feign- ers' widows who have succeeded better than hundreds, of poor far iier.s ; eon- stitute "an int'iumerable cicud of wit- nesses": to, the fact that some women refuse to pity themselves to the ex- tent of sitting- down to say the situa- tion is hopeless. Instead, they rise up to do the work of father and mother at once in being the breadwinner and the parents. Increased Price ®f Sheep The Dominion Live Stock Branch reports that.there had been an excep- tionally : keen demand for breedin'g r ewes, and supplies on public stock yards have been quite inadequate - Home demand has been able to take care of the whole supply." The sheep n industry in Canada seems to be the subject of a very strong forward u movement without any of the weak- nesses of a "boom" in production. Supplies this year to date have been some 29,000 head below those for the same period of last year. that will provide for the family, keep Outdoor dry -feed -hoppers should les of generous size, especially where there are >large flocks, so there will be is ample room for the fowls to help k themselves, b thesroe i p the fertility of the soil, and not overtax the workers. Growing boys must not be deprived of an education in order to take care Of crops, so it is well to get most of the land to pasture and try to raise sheep, in order that the fertility may not run down, Also there will be two items of income each year -the lambs and the wool. ° As it out of the question for a widow to cep a hired roan without danger of eing talked, about by idle gossips, she Her mother did not awaken her, and she entered upon her duties an hour late, thus making a poor impression for herself at the very beginning of her work. Then, unaccustomed to seeing things to be done unless point- ed out to her, she failed to note many matters needing her attention during the first days. The principal did not find her in her room one morning, but after a search he found her in the school yard playing with the seventh grade children. And that was where. she belonged; she could assume just about as much responsibility as a seventh -grader. A child's training with regard to responsibilitiesresponsibilities should begin in baby- hood. As soon as he can walk across the floor and play with •a ball, he should be taught.to put that•ball in its place before he goes to bed. As his playthings become more numerous he should, gradually, learn to take `Dare of each in the same way. As he grows older he should be taught that each one in the family ` circle has his work to do. Father earns the money for food; Mother cooks it; Brother and Sister run er- Aft rands and wash the dishes. And if the "mother constructively instructs, corrects and praises, baby, too, will soon look for opportunities to prove himself an active member of the fam- ily circle. THE CHILDREN'S HOUR a. SUCCESS. I sought for fame and fortune In a genteel proper way, I tried to teach, I tried to write, Embroider and crochet. I tried to paint in china And I tried to paint in oil, But not one of those arts esteemed Would make my kettle boil. At last' in hunger and despair I made a spicy cake And pumpkin pies and gingerbread, Like mother used to ;rake. I placed them in my window And lo! the people came And hailed me as deserving The laurel wreath of fame. —Grace Treat Holmes. HINTS FOR BIRD LOVERS. Here is how I keep the birds around niy home during the winter: I chop some meat and then add a lot of nut meats to it, then 1 melt some fat and pour ` over this mixture. I then let it harden and fill hollow bones and hol- lows in the trees with this mixture. The birds are very fond of it.—P. C. I. found the best feed for birds to be two ,parts of`sunflower 'seed; four parts 'fine cracked corn, and two parts crumbs ground in - a food -chopper. —M. D. I .make bird houses, out, oz sticks. Here is how I make them: I go to the woods and, cut some. hardwood sticks about one-half inch in diameter. Any' hardwood that will not split easily will do, but it looks better to have the houses made of the lanae kind of wood. Next I saw the bottom of the, house out of a plank, then I build the house, notching the polesand putting one or the other just as you build a log cabin. I use one-and-one-qu rtes -inch wire Pails because they 'wig' not split the sticks. ' When I get the Leese high enough, I make the door, :then;.I put a pole or two above the door. Next come the gables, This is a rather dif- ficult job, as a piece of board las to be cut out the shape of the gable and the poles nailed on that. The gables are nailed on and then comes the roof.. I use wood about one-eighth of an inch thick; any old dry -goods box will do. I then give the roof a good coat of paint. I get from $1 to $3 each for the houses, and sell a large number for Christmas gifts.—B. B. L. Bobbing Up Again. The eternal question is continually coming up in some form or other. It's, how should women conduct them- selves; what should they wear, etc.? In the past few years it has taken the .form of the question, "to bob or not to bob?" Young girls discuss it and do it. The old girls discuss it and do it, according to general observations. Men of all ages discuss, and some cuss it. Women are apparently eternal sub- jects of conversation among them- selves and among men. It just seems natural that it is that way. That's why we talk about what they do and what they shouldn't do. But why not talk about the - men once in a while? Is it the double standard that makes men undiscussable, or perhaps pardon. able for what they do? If men and their ways were cen- sured as much by the public in gen- eral as women and their ways, per- haps we would have less crime, less bootlegging, less graft, fewer toughs and more gentlemen. It is said by a noted, psychologist that woman reflects man; that man is the sun and woman the moon. So why always bark at the moon? Wouldn't it be a good thing to turn around once in a while ant see what the sun is doing? Modesty, refinement and decency are' commendable .attributes in men as well as in vv,einen. To Keep Love Alive. "-end, my dear, he even puts love before toed!" "Still, if you marry him, take m.7. advice and put food before lovo.4