HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Exeter Advocate, 1924-6-26, Page 2The Automobile
AUTO EPENDS UPON OIL FOR MEANS OF 'LIFE.
To keep fairly coal under all cir-
cumstances and yet at the same time
to be well lubricated is the demand
made of the automobile by its owner.
These two qualities appear to be nec-
essary to keep the ear going.
Three things are important when it
comes to starting an engine in. an
auto. These are gas in the cylinder,
compression and a spark. To keep it
going there must be a cooling system
and lubrication. Cooling is necessary
to keep the cylinder walls at a tem-
perature low enough so that the oil
required can perform its lubricating
function. For it isessential to keep
sible exeeptious are the fan bearings
and water pump glands.
The pump'whieh circulates the oil
delivers Tau& more oil than is used.
This is done so Haat an ample supply
may be assured under all circum-
stances. In. order that the surplus oil
will not go to waste the oil pan under
the connecting rods has openings.
These are placed et such a height that
when a sufficient amount of oil is
present any surplus will automatical-
ly drain back into the oil reservoir. It
is a good idea to inspect the oil indi-
cator each time before driving the
car to be sure that there is ade-
a film of oil between the cylinder wall quote supply.
and the piston which travela up and When this oil is used over and over
down inside of it. again it becomes filled with particles
Without such lubrication the frit of xnetal. Also while the engine is
tion of the parts sliding over each going the vaporized gasoline in the
other would be so great that the en- combustion chamber will be forced
gine could not develop sufficient power past the piston into the crank case
to drive itself, to say nothing of the when there is pressure in the cam -
automobile with passengers or freight bustion chamber. This vapor con -
in it. To undertake to run an engine denses into gasoline and drops down
without lubrication is to put it out into the oil sump, thinniug the oil.
of business for all time. This situation makes it desirable to
To illustrate the importance of lu- change the oil about every 500 miles.
brication push your shoes heavily for- Keep sufficient oil in the engine,
ward on an asphalt sidewalk. The clean the crank case out and the
leather soles become hot and the shoes strainer at the oil pump. There should
will quickly show signs of wear. But be practically no trouble with the mod -
if in this process you step on a ban- ern engine lubricating system. And
ana skin at once the feet begin to the motorist will have at least one
travel rapidly. The banana skin acts important detail in automobile owner-
ship satisfactorily cared for.
as a lubricant. It is equivalent to
placing a film of non -friction material
between the shoes and the Surface of
the hard sidewalk.
FRICTION TO BE AVOIDED.
In the auto engine there are numer-
ous places that have sliding contacts
and consequently these points require
lubrication. They include the cylinder
walls, pistens, piston rings, bearings
of crank shaft and crank pins, little
bearings in the piston to support the
piston pin, bearing on which the cam
shaft revolves, the cams and the valve
lifters whieh they operate, the guides
for valve lifters, the gears and chains
which operate cam shaft, possibly the To wander and be free?
pump shaft, the shaft of ignition tim-
ing and the generator. All these parts, We live together year by year;
Strangers.
My good man has no gypsy blood—
He's always lived in town.
He wants, his four walls and a roof
When night oomee thickly down.
He could not sleep beneath the stars,
Nor rest beneath a hedge;
He would not like to'race the wind
Along the far hill's edge.
But I am. of a different mind—
Why did he mate with me
Who loves the wind, the rain, the sun,
are usually contained inside of the
engine and are lubricated from the
common supply of oil that is placed
in the crank case of the engine.
There are a number of different
types of engine lubricating systems.
In one of these the oil is forced under
pressure to practically every sliding 'With no roof but the sky;
part. Perhaps the most common sys-
tem is that in which the oil is carried That I have grown to hate his house,
in a compartment called a sump or So tidy and so prim;
reservoir in the bottom of the crank For I, who have a gypsy heart,
ease. On the top or side of the crank What kin am 1 to him?
case provision is made for filling this
sump, and there is usually a float or Some morning'he will wake alone;
some other device to indicate how And all his life he'll say,
much oil is on hand at any time. This "She had my love, she had my house,
crank case may carry a gallon or Why should *he go away?"
more of oil. As the indicator shows —Abigail Cresson.
that the oil supply is getting low,
fresh oil should be put in, or the en-
tire supply should be renewed every
500 miles. In this system there is
usually a pan placed directly over the
pump in which there are small de-
pressions directly under each crank
pin to which the lower end of the con-
necting rod is joined. When the en:
He thinks he knows me well—
That I am fond of home and him—
Suppose that I should tell!
He thinks I'm quite respectable—
Suppose he knew that I
Have longed to lay me down to sleep
gine is going a small. pump takes oil
from the pump and forces it to this
pan, where it runs into the depres-
sions. As the connecting rod comes
around it dips into the oil and throws
it up into the cylinder, lubricating the
cylinder wall below the piston.
When too much oil is picked up ot
when the pistons and rings do not fit
the cylinder properly, the oil is likely
to work past the piston in large quan-
tities, get into the combustion cham-
bers, be burned and exhausted in the
form of smoke. This is one of the
causes of carbon deposit in the cylin-
der, which in turn causes knocking.
see SPREAD TO ALL PARTS.
In addition to lubricating the cyl-
inder wall this oil that is fed lubri-
cates practically all other working
parts of the engine. For instance, as
the crank shaft revolves at high speed
and the ends of the connecting rods
dip into the oil, the oil is splashed
and broken up into a very fine spray
or fog. This is circulated by air in-
side the engine and is deposited on
-every part contained in it. Thus as
practicallyeevery working part of the
motor is contained in the crank case
or in the compartments, such as the
cylinder and timing gear case which
opens directly into the crank case, the
lubrication of the entire engines is
cared for by this system. The pos-
VAgirmegraFsetamelsassessia......,
This clock, made and exhibited by Anthony Beshmanov, Neill tell the time
in 500 cities throughout the world.
OPEN LETfERS To A FARMER
By Rev. M. V. Kelly., C.S.B.
(Contlnuee from last week)
IX has found the eows." Here is a Tory; r „-
Vanity of Vanitiesapt exemplification of a school's, in. r
Before settling the question df your capacity to endow its pupils with that
eon's or daughter's going oa with a very most important element in edw
high school or college course, it might cation, the sense of responsibility it
be well to hear more on the subject inspires.
from those best fitted to pronounce.
Are you aware that, while people in
every quarter are so loud in urging
every one to get all the schooling pos-
sible, while the ,ambition, or vanity, to
be called true education must
oontinue children et school is rampant, quired in the home, not In the sc.
while attendance at all kinds of insti- that parents are essentially the teach,
ere of youth, not the men and women
who drill in grammar, history and
arithmetic. These are valuable as-
sistants in completing the less serious
part of,the work, but they are only as-
sistants; so much is this the case that
unless parents lead, their efforts give*?
very meagre results. It follows, there-
fore, that tb.e more time parents have
one receiving the best education pos. to spend with their children, and the
sible? One writer has said: "My edie greater opportunity to look after their
daily work, the more thorough anff
wholesome the education, and the more
satisfactory the resets all along the
line. As a consequence, wherever con.
ditious prevent children working along.
side their parents, there is an inevit-
able deficiency in their education, no
matter how competent be the echool.
master or how efficient the school.
Many a father is beard to say: "I
shall see that all my children have a
good education; they should get along
then." The ideal is magnificent; he
will certainly have fully acquitted him -
The School of Schools.
The more we think over thli mats
ter, the more we become convinced
that the greater part of all that can
ac,
tutions is growing year by year, the
leading men in every walk of life, in-
cluding the heads of those very insti-
tutions, do not hesitate to say that the
tendency is fraught with evil, is a
menace to the future welfare of the
country?
Let us try to see what this means.
Can there be any objection to every
cation was very much interfered wlth
by my schooling." The fundamental
mistake we make is in confounding
the two, in assuming that education
consists in schools, that schools alone.
Summer. Sunny Days in London give education. Many spend their en-
tiee youth and manhood in school and
The months we used to read of. Bring Crime Decrease colleges and are not educated. Many
With sunniness and sunniness.,of our best -educated citizens were
Ha.ve come to us again,
The fact that the sun has been mak- limited to a few years in a primary
The lark is up, and says aloud, ing quite a show in England is held school. The pioneers of this country
And rare delights of rain;
Beet and west I see lie cloud. as the true cause of the decrease in .....the, men and women of -a few genera -
crime lately. Since the opening of tions ago—had, as a rule, very little
the last sessions at the Old Bailey schooling; many of them could neith-
The fields are grassy deep; (they have been open three weeks), witty,
there have been only twenty-five cases er read nor write, But they had cape. -
courage and character; they The misfortune is that what he pro -
The lanes are full of roses, self of his duty; it is all they need,
The leafiness and floweriness against more than a hundred in the faced all kinds of difficulties and over- seeds to give them is often a veryeeda,
questionable education. He forgets
that to assure them real education he
must be the principal teacher. Child-
ren are sent to school or college and
sense of honor, of fairness, of kindle 'deprived of the guidance and super-
ness to others, whieh are the unmis- vision of their parents. For years the
takable marks of true gentility. They faller and mother have nothing to do
brought up families which have made with the formation that should go on
Canada what it is to -day. This eoun- day by day in the lives of their child -
try owes everything to their memory. ren. Very often these same parents
Will anyone say they were not edu- are surprised to find that the boy for
cated? Do you expect your boy to ac- whom they tried to do so much has
quire all these qualities by learning a little to show for it, gives few signs
certain amount of algebra, geometry, of success in any walk of life, while
history and grammar for a few years the boy who worked side by side with
in a high school or college? If there them at home is everything they could
were anywhere a college or university desire.
undertaking to produce men or women Let us understand thoroi.ghly that
of the calibre of our fore -fathers who the vigilance and supervision of their
felled the forests and tilled the soil, its parents in the evening, when the tasks
reputation would be world-wide. The set at school have to be attended to,
sons- of the most ambitious from every is a small element in training,
land would 'crowd its halls. And the great, factor in education is the* in -
amusing thing is that we all know, dustrial home in which the business of
all admit, that no such results are to life is managed by parents, the ehild-
be expected from those very institu- ren working under their direction_ The
tions, which claim to have the highest farm is the perfect example of this.
things in education -and to the support It is the school of schools, with which
of which we are called upon to contri- no other can compare. If you are
bute millions of dollars annually. thinking 9 f moving into ,the city, are
Very often our attention Is drawn to you sure of iindine anything like it
Make one abundant heap;
The balmy, bleseonebreathing airs
Smell of future plums and pears.
The sunshine at our waking
Is still found =fling by;
With beamingness and earnestness,
Like some beloved eye;
And all the day it seems to take
Delight in being wide awake.
—Leigh Hunt.
Poor Weak Things.
Miss Brown—"Men are but poor
weak things in this day, Mrs. Simp-
kins—poor weak things!"
Mrs. Simpkins—"Ain't it the truth,
Miss Brown. There's my husband
don't go to work till five o'clock in the
morning, gits off at five in the after-
noon, and—would you believe it --goes
to sleep talking to you before nine at
night."
Pocket Sundials.
same time at previous sessions. came them. They knew their duty
A prominent London specialist is to God and fellow -man and fulfilled it;
convinced that the lack of supshine they were- industrious, honest, goner -
has a marked effect on certain phases ous and hospitable. They had that
of crime, and that sun -starved per-
sons are more prone to morbidity than
peoples of sunnier climes. Sun -star-
vation, says this medical nan, pro-
duces nerve starvation and lowers the
national vitality. Suicides increase in
certain months probably because dull,
dreary days produce depression.
It may be possible, says this special-
ist, that a combination of good hous-
ing and sufficient sun will one day
It was not uncommon in the days
of Queen Elizabeth -for men to carry banish serious crime from the world.
pocket sundials for the purpose of He does not, however, pretend to have
any plan for the forcing of the sun
time -telling.
Dials of all kinds were common then,
though previous to that time they had
been little used. in this country. One
af the oldest, erected about the time
of Edward the Confessor, is still to be
seen over the south door of Kirkdale
Church, in Yorkshire. It bears the in-
scription: "This is the sun's marker at
every hour, and Hayward made me
and Brand the. priest."
The fashion for dials began to
spread until the whole countryside,
particularly in the North and in Scot-
-land, was dotted with them. We see
them to -day in interesting forms at
St. Andrews, Melville House, Holy -
rood Castle, and many other places
which are popular resorts of sight-
seers.
The legends engraved an some of
these old dials are very quaint. One,
humble in its opinion of itself and man-
kind, announces: "Shadows we are,
like shadows we depart."
In China and Japan small dials
made of boxwood are still carried and
consulted by their owners.
Use Roofs as ▪ Stables.
The Robbin' Robin.
A robin is robbin' our cherry tree;
A robin is robbin' us merrily.
O ribin, atop, robin, stop robin' our
tree!
Oh, fly away, robin, or some one will
see!
A robin is robbin' our trees. With a
"tweet!"
As he pecks at a cherry he tells us it's
sweet.
O robin, stop robbin'! You know
that it's wrong!
"What, robin'? says robin. "I pay
with a song!"
—Mary Carolyn Datles in Youth's
Companion.
WE. HAVE SOME. HAR,Ct oRD5
IN OUR LESSON ToPP-
THE.RE IS "COINCIDNCE." -
Animals are kept on the roofs of the
houses in Lima, Peru, and it frequent-
ly happens that a cow passes her
whole life on a roof, being taken there
as a calf and brought down finally as
fresh beef.
to shine when it won't, and it gener-
ally won't in England.
That's What She Meant. —
Wifie—"Don't you forget it, your
wife's one woman who knows her pro-
per sphere!"
Hubby—"The earth,* I suppose, you
mean?"
A Project in India.
A great irrigation project involving
the storage of 80,000,000,000 cubic feet
of water has been planned in South-
ern India. The water will be taken
from the Cauvery river and distri-
buted to 300,000 acres.
• Getting rattled easily is often an
indication that there is a screw loose
somewhere.
ASV
While visiting St. Sohn'su School, Baling, Loudon, the Duke of Connaught
presented a certificate of. recommendation to' P. C. Bldke, an old school boy.
tis6::$INCIDE.NCH MEANS Tv./0
THINGS "r14AT HAPPEN AT THE 5RflE.
TI MEI- 6 I'l ERA LL"? BY I
\,.. ACCIDENT ____, 2. I
„.,
IN RABBITBORO
VICK DUMBONNY-
cP,N '?OL) IVP\VIE A
---\ COINCIDENCE-
some man of eminence in a learned
profession or in publio life; we are
told he achieved this wonderful suc-
cess, although as a boy he had. chores
there? When you go to work or busi-
ness every day, will your boys and
gins be with you? Where will they
be? How much control will you have
to do for hours before and after semi over their daily lives? I speak not of
—perhaps walked two concessions their conduct; let us suppose they will
every evening to feed cattle --and that be safe, if you wish, but during those
his getting to college at all depended hours, will you .be their 'educator at
on the money he could earn during har- all? What will you have to do with
vests; Now the great mistake in tell- their industrial training, with their
ing this story is in using the word "al- wills their habits, their language, their
though." We forget- that his success
was achieved because of those chores
and 'laborious summer vacations; in
these was his real education.
Teachers of all grades and qualifi-
cations me -et in convention once or
twice a year, and seem to consider it
dreadfully important whether the
youth committed to their care have
a little less or little more of language -
study, a little less or a little more of
scienoe, a little more or a little less
of drawing, dancing, military drill or
football. They certainly must kniw
that immensely greater ,service than
all these would they render young peo-
ple, if they could give them unswerv-
ing habits of industry, if they could
make them workers tor life, in season
and out Iof season. Unfortunately, we
• all know too well how little of that the
schools of the country are th.emselves
able to produce.
The following is from a country pas-
tor, in whose parish were a number of
boys e.doptedfrom institutions. The
schooling given in these institutions
was much superior to what was pos-
sible for a farmeea son of the same
age to have acquired. "Send one .0f by Nature be acted upon, the color will
these nicely accomplished boys of
fourteen or fifteen for the cows-, and
he will return to tell you they are not
in that particular fie4 or pasture;
send your farm -bred boy of seven or
eight, and he will not return -until he
thoughts during work hours? While
they are still young, not only will they
be away from you the entire day, but
they will also be without work to do;
when they are older and at work, their
employment will be altogether lade.
pendent of your supervision and geld-
ance. In other words, the education
of .city children is one from which this
parents' influence is largely -excluded,
(To be continued).
Nature's Sunshade.
During days of prolonged sunshine
and tropical heat,,it is not sufficiently
realized that there is nothing specially
healthy about a "tanned" skin. The
practice of exposing ones face to di-
rect sunlight in order to get sunburnt
le both absurd and dangerous.
Ultra -violet rays destroy the animal
tissues of the skin, but Nature's anti-'
dote is the brown pigmentunderneath
which develops and, acting, as a filter,
shuts out the harmful influence.
The most obvious precaution 18 a
big sun hat, and if the hint furnished
be light brown.
Religious faith, cleanliness and hens
esty—these three to be sufficient
must be excessive.
m•e mm-14ER AND Pk1.41E-R
QOT MARRY ON E
SAME DAV