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The Exeter Advocate, 1924-3-20, Page 2Address communIcatkonomtat,73 Adolaldo St. West., TorOdtit with the graceful, white flowers. For-' sythia, or golden ball, with its bright yellow #lowers, well deserves a place among Rut best flowering shrubs. Diervillas, known also as wei ;etas or bush honeysuckle, are .re a delightful group of free -growing nhrubs with Have you ever considered the ad- bell-shaped flowers of various colors. visability of utilizing fruit trees in The hydrangeas form a group of. your yard, in addition or in prefer- hardy shrubs of considerable import- ACCLIMATIZATION OF VAR- with the varieties grown at that in- t IETIES OF GRAIN. stitution, the Cereal Division will be It is quite commonly believed that glad to receive from him a one -pound q ysample of his seed. The sack contain - any variety of grain when grown in a ing this sample should bear the grow -I given district for a number of years, er's name, the variety name, and the', gradually becomes mare and more number of years the seed has been suited to the conditions of that dis-f grown on his own farm A report ons' tract. While this may be true in the the relative performance of the var-i case of plants which naturally cross -I aeries sent in for this test will be sent fertilize, such as most of the grasses the farmer in due time. and elovers, it Is not true to the same extent in the case of such plants as TUBER UNIT SEED PLOTS FOR wheat, oats and barley, except pos- sibly where mixed varieties containing different strains are grown. In na- ture, acclimatization takes place as a result of natural selection. The vag- growers have found the advantage of aries of soil and climate gradually having their own seed plots. A cons -1 weed out or weaken those strains paratively new method of planting which are less suited to survive, these is the tuber unit system, i.e., all' whereas the stronger strains increase seed pieces cut from the same tuber are planted consecutively. The tubers should first be graded for uniformity of type and size, using POTATOES. In many sections of the country where seed potatoes are produced, the in proportion. Since varieties differ greatly in their ability to thrive under different conditions of moisture, temperature, tubers from 5 ozs. to 8 ozs. in weight physical condition of the soil, it is freefrom visible symptoms of disease. highly important from a practical, The plot of ground to be used should standpoint that the farmer grow the; be well isolated from other potato variety which is best suited to his fields. When this is ready to plant, conditions. This variety can be loeat-' the tubers (previously treated if de- ed only through comparative tests of sired) are taken to the field and cut different varieties sown in adjoining' as they are being planted. The seed plots in his district. After two or' pieces from each potato are planted three years' careful testing, it should consecutively, leaving short gaps Be- be possible to choose the variety, twcen the groups of hills from each which seems to give the most peons - tuber. Stakes may be used to separ- ase. If this variety is what is known ate the units, but the majority of as a pure line, by which is meant a growers who practice the method pre - variety composed of a single strain, ter to leave a. gap equivalent to a it is not likely that so called acclima- "miss." tization will take place to any appre- i When the plants are about eight eiable extent. If, on the other hand, inches high they are carefully inspect - a variety should happen to be_a corn- ed and where one or more plants in posite one, that is, composed of two a unit are found affected with mosaic, t.: more strains of varying adapts- leaf roll, spindle tuber or other seed- bi!ities, it is quite possible that ac- borne disease, the entire tuber unit climatization may take place by the is rogued—every hill planted from the gradual increase in the proportion of one potato. Care should be taken in plants belonging to the best adapted all rogueing to remove the entire strain. ' plant. The plots are inspected two ori It was once thought that acclimati- three times during the season, and, cation takes place in a fairly definite all undesirable plants removed. spanner in the case of practically all The extra amount of time involved plant life and that any variety might, in planting tuber unit plots Is well In the course of time, become especial- worth the trouble when a grower has ly suited to the conditions under a good strain of potatoes and wishes which it was grown. That this point to get them as free from disease as of view was incorrect has been clearly possible. The most important advan- demonstrated during recent years, and tages of this system of planting over farmers would be well advised to de- the usual method are that all seed pend more upon comparative tests of pieces from a diseased tuber are to - different varieties rather than upon gether and may be readily rogued the time -worn theory that sorts grown and that selections for trueness to in a district for many years must in- type and yield may be made by har- evitably be superior to any new intro.' vesting each unit separately. More - duction. over the chances of spread of degen- Farmers desirous of comparing a eration diseases are reduced to a few of the best varieties of grain of minimum on account of removing the any kind are invited to communicate entire unit, whether or not each plant with the Cereal Division, Experiment- from that unit shows disease symp- al Farm, Ottawa, for advice as to toms at the time it is rogued. how to proceed. The above institution? This system is being used by a is anxious to co-operate with farmers number of seed potato growers in in different districts in this work as other parts of the continent. It has it realizes that the soil and fertility been found far superior to the old conditions on a given farm may dif-, methods of planting seed plots as mo- fer to a very considerable extent from sale, leaf roll, spindle tuber and other the conditions under which varieties degeneration diseases can be more are tested at the Farm at Ottawa. In readily eliminated. There are many other words, varieties which do not strains of high -yielding varieties of do particularly well at Ottawa might potatoes that should be planted for be most desirable to grow under cer-1 one or two years at least in tuber unit fain conditions met with on a given plots in order to eliminate degenera- farm some distance away. tion diseases and bring them into Where a farmer does not wish to good condition for certified seed. take the time to conduct a compar Any grower desiring assistance in active test of different sorts on his preparing a tuber unit seed plot may ewn farm but would like to have the obtain such by applying to the nearest variety he is growing compared at Dominion Laboratory of Plant Pa- the Experimental Farm at Ottawa thology. nce to what we know as ornamental rees? Fruit trees yield both shelter and shade and impart a cheerful look to the grounds, besides giving a plentiful supply of fruit in the fall,1 and in spring their lovely blossoms, are a delight to the eye. e When planning the small home orchard, the object in view should be to grow various kinds and varieties of fruit, that the ripening period may be distributed over as long a season as possible. For instance, in apples there should be early, midseason, and winter varieties, the winter sorts, of course, predominating.. The question of varieties is all im- portant, certain kinds which are first- class• In some localities may not be adapted to your condition. It is ad- visable to get suggestions from ex- perienced local fruit growers or the state experiment station. With spring planting many losses can be traced to delay in setting out the trees until after the buds have started into growth; so, to avoid such a calamity, which means losing a year, it is most important to have this operation completed while the young trees are perfectly dormant, POULTRY When the chicks are a few days old .—from two to five days --they should be given access to a good chick butter- zoilk starting mash, and when about three weeks old this may be changed Seeds for Sate Peel County 1a rioted for its high-aualltf seeds. reel Seed house, Brampton. Ont.. 1s located in VII *.s. centre of ibis district It has large auantitle' if Grimm, Variegated sed Special Alfalfa& nee wavers. A3siko. Sweet Clovers, Timothy, eta•, whlci sold direct to farmers, an: part. in Gay size Iota, at coca for prlce list, PEat. 5555 Wot3A&'. BrJtmatoll. > * mole AN, W'ie`POW lflfi•i'r'i'i•ht. : Youcen buyaltthenute. riots fora comolctehome -�, direct from the manu- CGG+ fncturer at blit sav- indsaa thelumber,m tll- • rk.tt.1.7r• T. J,Ine room. diningrecta cera, los,kttchen balh.s heir,,Tuos, some with pan - ries, dining aicove.,.grade 't imide Alaaddin Cando., Dutch Colonial wla full txn- Infix first at,Q ' second Rooter . lay s. 22' living room, terse dim r ing room. kitchen, three bed- °3t1rooms, bath linen and doth,*, 1 �iosrta..erzale ccaorentrar,¢e. rico kncltir4eil Sill luatbet� Ott to fit 1 Ilighce; rico interior Woodwork, siding, flooring, sin. we, doors, eno,,, paints, hrt+favan:, sails,. aafin;, with complete Instructions nod drew.> Ctrs. Lrreizohit staid to Your station. remanent ot3uht--NOT Pf.etT DLE, Maur otylos to oceo from, Write tech, fox -PREF 3ioaepo. *hits Aintidirt CetaTozo No. ,A2f3 e Atitaci an Aladdin a.,• aiairii ASa.idire Ilvaidirat;,'s'orartta, Ont. ISSUE No. 11-.J2, to a buttermilk growing mash. There are many excellent commercial ra- tions of this kind on the market. Should you desire to mix your own ance. Mock oranges are sweet -scented, white -flowered shrubs of, the simplest culture. Syringes, or, as they are more commonly called, lilacs, usually find a place in all collections of flower- ing shrubs. Double and single flower- ed, all of them are lovely, the distinct and pleasing odor adding greatly to their charm Spring Fever and Poultry. • By S. W. Knipe vy and ex ra good is the FRANCE PEKOE QUALITY The April Fool Frolic "I'd like to give a real foolish party," said Eleanor Parker to her. best chum, Myra Spencer, over a pan As spring comes upon us every year of fudge one March afternoon. there are numerous enquiries made by "All right, let's!" agreed Myra. people who have kept a few hens and "All "Where'll we give it?" wonder if they should go into the poultry business on a large scale. This article is especially intended for suck inquirers. Just a few days ago a friend told me that the 15 pullets he gat last "At my house, of course!" said Eleanor. "Why not at my house?" objected Myra. "Why not both houses?" laughed August had laid 1,012 eggs during Eleanor. Then she stopped suddenly November, December and January, as an idea took hold of her mind. and at same rate of laying, allowing "Myra, why don't we? Give it at both three months for rest and molt they houses. I'll have the games and fun would average 202,4 eggs each in the at my house, and you have the re- twelve months. "Don't you think I fre:ihments at yours. Don't you see should give up any Job and go into how that will fool them?" poultry?" he said; to which I replied, { And so the party was planned. All It Id No." He has suitable vacant land, a the boys and girls of the young crow GETTING THE SOIL IN SHAPE. little money and is interested in the j who always had such good tinges to - When devoting a piece of land en- game. Whet more is needed? That' gether received a few days later, an tirely to an orchard, the entire area which is needed in every walk of life-- 1 envelope containing an apparently is usually thoroughly cultivated, experience. Hatching a low chicks blank card, on each side of which was either by digging very deeply or using under a hen in the cellar or in a ! written in the corner the word a subsoil plow. The ground should be wooden box ie a vastly different thing' "Over." Of course they turned them given a liberal coating of manure, than hatching a simple of thousand every way, held them to the light and, also a dressing of bone meal, and the eggs In an incubator, The hen looks to the heat, but soon discovered that; land turned over for a second time. after the heat, turning and cooling of the•card was double and was pasted! For two or more years the iiiter°ven- the eggs, shelters her chicks' from the together around the edge, except for i ing spaces between the trees can be storms, protects ,them from danger. one small corner. When they tore it apart they found the invitation writ- I ten inside, asking them to a surprise, party for Myra on April 1. They were 1 to meet at Eleanor's and proceed to Myra's around the corner in a body. When April 1 arrived they appear- ed without exception at Myra's house.] But the house was dark, no one ans- rninate pruning may have quite the wered the bell, which they rang in - opposite effect. During the first sea- and April is quite a different proposi- sistently, "Well, there's only one son superfluous shoots are out out, the tion to leaving it to the old hen in the thing to do, and that is to come back aim at this stage being the future w'a'rm days of June. You may think to my house and have our party shape and form of the mature tree. the difference is so slight that it does there," said Eleanor resignedly. When oat prove a difficulty. If so, just try. all had responded with a shout to this At the next dormant pruning the pre- But take my advice and don't. vious season's growth is cut back by suggestion, Myra stuck her head out half, after which the trees will only Without the required experience you , the window and called, "April fool, require thinning out the centre to are apt to meet with sad disaster. You folks! Can I conte along?" may have your brooder temperature You can imagine what a sensation just fine at night. The neat morning, that made, and how keyed up the your fire in broader may be almost crowd was for the fun prepared for out, Experience will teach one that them at Eleanor's. Win they had devoted to vegetables and straw- berries. According to the variety, apples come into bearing in about six years from planting, and the crop will in- crease annually as the trees increase in size. Proper and careful pruning hastens early bearing, but indiscrim- 'faking the hen oft for a feed at night, putting her back en her eggs again, supplying the chicks with hard boiled eggs and other feed, then seeing they are closed up for the night is vastly different to caring for incubators and brooders. Incubating and brooding one to two thousand, yes, even five hundred chicks in chilly days of March keep the head open. THE ROOM THEY NEED. Apple trees are planted at least twenty-five feet apart. Pear trees rather closer, as their growth is more upright; say about twenty feet. Sour -cherry trees, fifteen feet. Peach trees, fifteen to twenty feet. Pear trees invariably come into bearing much sooner than apple trees and will stand rather closer pruning. Varieties that are inclined to grow very tall should have the heads cut back hard, to keep the tree wig hiri which go to making success or failure, 1 bounds and facilitate gathering the even after your chicks are out. Feed - fruit. It is therefore advisable to ing to wrong sort of feed, dampness or drafts, will also play havoc in the sturdiest flock of chinks. Considering all, it would be wise to continue in a small way for two or abundant crops of fine fruit annually. three years. Get an incubator and They require little pruning except brooder, try them on the little spade that necessary in shaping the tree. you have. Then, if you are successful The peach tree does not require and still interested, take the "plunge." much pruning, if we except cutting Artificial incubating and brooding is back the strongest growths and, if the only thing possibleon a al- necessary, r- necessary, thinning out some of the tial plant. Clucking hens cannot al weakest branches should they he- ways be secured when they are re - weakest and, in fact, the coat of keep- ing a hundred or more hens for such a purpose is entirely prohibitive. There- fore it is absolutely neeesse..ry to have a thorough practical knowledge along these lines. Assists Farmers to Purchase Live Stock. The Minister of Agriculture for Canada, Hon. W. R. Motherwell, by the carrying out of policies adminis- tered by the Live Stock Branch of his Department, has, during the past fiscal year, either for breeding or feeding, been able to conserve a large number of live stock consigned to stockyards and abattoirs. Unfinished steers to the number of 80,717, 89,024 heifers, 673 sows and 48,000 sheep were, under the arrangement referred to, returned to the farms for breeding purposes in the case of females and for finishing into good beef in the case of feeder cattle. Two policies are involved in this service, one, the re - machines are not perfect and weather cannot be depended upon. It is pos- sible to have most of your eggs in removed their hats and settled down she gave out little slips of paper to each one. On them she had written incubator fertile, and even after the instructions fora joke that must be second test the greater majority pro- played on certain persons before the mise to produce live chicks, Then at evening was over. Thus Myra drew, the critical moment a little neglect, "Make Rus Ryan think his tie is in attending your fire or lamp may mean every chick chilled or cooked. There are dozens of other things keep the head low and to encourage an open though free -branching habit. PIums are most accommodating as to soil and rarely fail to produce come overcrowded. But when first planted the entire head is cut off to within two feet from -the ground. TwO EXCELLENT BERRIES. Raspberries are one of our most esteemed small fruits. They do best in a deep, well-manured and fairly moist soil, though they are not too mash feed, the following formula has fastidious on that account. They given excellent results: Thirty pounds should be planted two feet apart, al - of wheat bran ten pounds of wheat' lowing four feet between the rows. middlings, ten pounds of ground hull- When planting in the spring the ed oats, ten. pounds of oil meal, ten canes are cut down close to the pounds of corn meal, ten pounds of ground, and, of course, no fruit is gluten feed, ten pounds of meat scrap expected until the second year. When and ten of dried buttermilk. the canes come into bearing maks it.. a The buttermilk mash should be fed rule to cut away the old canes immil- in hoppers or 'feeding troughs so ar- diately after the crop has been gath- ranged that the chicks will not waste Bred, retaining the young ones. The the mash, but so that they can have young growths springing from the access to it at all times. Begin to base of the plant are thinned out to feed the mash sparingly until the four or five, retaining the strongest. chicks get used to it. Keep sour milk The young canes must be tied to the or semisolid bnttermulk before the wire trellis, spreading them- out Been- chicks throughout their gnawing life. ly that they may all receive their full HORSE Alfalfa is a splendid horse feed, but must be fed with judgment and care. Because of its palatability, ma- ture horses are likely to eat too much alfalfa if permitted to have free ac- cess to it. The average farm horse at work is allowed to eat much more alfalfa and other roughage than he really needs to maintain his weight. • One pound of alfalfa or other hay, and nearly one and one-fourth pounds of grain per day for each 100 pounds of a horse's weight, make a good ra- tion for an average working horse... Horses like alfalfa stems. Refuse from the cattle racks Is very accept- able to horses. Feed mature horses first and sec- ond cutting alfalfa, which is free from mold and dust. Never feed wet alfalfa hay to horses. A man can have more friends than lee needs if he has plenty of money and isn't partieuiaae share of sun and air. Early in spring the tips are pinched out mission of freight charges, brought evenly. Blackberries, equally desirable as the raspberry, are cultivated very similarly, but being more rampant in growth the plants are allowed more space. SHRUBS THAT DELIGHT THE EYE. The home grounds are greatly im- proved by the judicious use of shrubs. Among the early -flowering shrubs one that is not grown as frequently as it deserves is Spiraea thunbergii with its masses of starry bloom in May. Then 'there is Spiraea prunifolia with its .long wreaths of .double blossoms. The cercis, or Judas tree, is always welcome in the early spring when laden with its wealth of rosy -purple blossoms which appear before the leaves. "The .deutzias are highly ornamental, the variety gracilis being the most popular and best knaves'. Established. Tants flower profusely every spring, e eiitire shrub becoming smothered about by an arrangement between the Live Stock Branch and the railway companies, and the other, the payment of: the reasonable travelling expenses of farmers making the purchases. The Minister's report, which supplies this information, makes it clear that the assistance thus given was available for stock purchased for breeding or further feeding by the purchaser and not for speculative purposes. ti , Big fields are much cheaper to plow and cultivate than small ones. crooked." Every time one of the crowd succeeded in getting his joke over and was able to cry "April fool" he threw his paper into a big hat Those with Papers left had to pay as forfeit. Everywhere possible Eleanor had arranged the rooms with tricks. Thus magazines were stuck to each other, a cushion was laid over a seatless chair, a picture turned to the wall had April fool written across it when turned. A hidden electric fan blew a sudden blast in a dark corner of the hall. An alarm clock hidden in a candy box went off at a crucial aloe menti The rugs were rolled back and the canned music turned on for dancing. Just a little earlier than usual, Myra said she must go home. This started things, and all agreed with her. Would somebody walIc home with her? They would all go. When they reach ed the Spencer house it was ablaze with light, and the door was fhing open to the jolly crowd. What was their surprise to see set through the middle of the dining room and living room a long table. It did not take long for them to realize that the party was a real one at last. In the centre of the table was a huge bouquet of roses, which when one leaned over to smell then proved to be artificial and gave off an odor of onions. For place cards Myra had gotten up conundrums or "jokes"" upon each guest. The favors were silk dunce cap pin cushions for the girls and little calendars for 'the men with April 1 ringed in red. A delicious supper followed, but it, seemed to come on reversed. What looked to be ice cream and cake prov- ed to be brown bread iced with cream cheese and a croquet covered with white sauce served in a sherbet glass. i, The ice cream was disguised as a salad in a paper cup imbedded in let. tuco leaves and sprinkled with chop-. ped nuts and fruit. Crackers were iced with chocolate to look like large mints. White cake was baked in a breadpan and cut in thin slices. Can- ; dies looked like nuts. 1 It was a great "sell," all declared, but they also added that they would be glad to be sold again in the same. .. way, MAPLE -SUGAR TIME BY C. 0. ORMSBEE. Maple sap, as it flows from the tree, is as clear as purest water. Were it possible and practicable to concen- trate it by congelation as soon as it leaves the tree, without exposure to light or a warm atmosphere, instead of by evaporation over a fire, the' syrup would be colorless and trans -1 parent, while the sugar would be as' white as the best granulated sugar.1 Both would rank even higher among the most delicious products of the con- fectioner's art. Contrary to the impression that is prevalent in many sections of the country, an extremely light color, combined with a deliciously delicate flavor, forms the essential character- istics of a high-grade mange product. On the other hand, a dark color, com- bined with a strong, rank flavor, is positive indication of a Iow-grade pro- duct, denoting carelessness in man- ipulation. As intimated above, exposure to the action of light and warm air, as well as a long storage, has a tendency to darken the product and to detract from its flavor. More than this, the sap seems as susceptible as milk to bacteria influence. These conditions favor the development of several kinds of bacteria, all of which hinder the production of a high grade of sugar. It is the bacteria that darken the .product and give it the strong, rank flavor which, among the unini- tiated, passes for the maple flavor, and which is tolerated only by'reason of the reputation possessed by the true maple flavor. Methods of evaporation also have a very great influence upon the quality of the product. The correct method is to conduct the evaporation in large, shallow pans or evaporators. Thio method has been almost universally adopted. But there are good and bad methods even here. Chapped Hands or Face - Cured `by one application of MEDORA CREAM. Leaves skin smooth and vel- vety. 'Used exclusively in Toronto General He pital for ten years. Ask your druggist for 500 bottle and pre- serve your youthful complexion, or sout postpaid on receipt sof 50c. J. A. MacDonald, Phfn.B., 84 Hoaarth Ave., Toronto. it forms a vacuum beneath, thus lean ing a space upon the bottom of the pan that is bare of liquid and fully exposed to the blazing fire beneath. SECRET Olt' QUALITY. The natural consequence is that, as must be expected, particles of sugar adhering to the metal of the pan be- come scorched and thus transformed into caramel, a substance of a dark brown color, possessing a bitter and somewhat acrid flavor. As soon as the film bursts and the steam escapes, the surrounding sap rushes in, fills the space, washes away the caramel and disseminates it throughout every part of the boiling sap or syrup, thus imparting, in a measure, both the color and flavor of the caramel to the product. Now it is obvious that the deeper the sap above the film, the more the film will be re -enforced, and the greater will be the power necessary to burst the film. This being true, it is equally obvious that the deeper the sap the longer time the space ins closed by the film must be exposed to the action of the heat. More caramel will be formed, and darker and more acrid will it be made. Its influence will be greater. Maple sap evaporated at a uniform depth of four inches in the pan will yield a product many shades darker -- than if evaporated at half, that depth. This point is well established; and the Quebec maple -sugar makers, who aim, at the production of the highest grade ,t of product, never allow the sap in the evaporator to reach the, depth of even - one inch. This, of course, requires a closer attention to detail, and involves a somewhat greater cost for labor. On - the other hand, it is economical of fuel, and it is the one great secreb of the fine quality of Quebec maple products. If you weald produce the highest grade of maple sugar products, see to 'it that the sap in your evaporator is maintained at the least possible depth consistent with safety. ....,...._—tar -- Horns are prevented from develop- ing by thoroughly rubbing a stick of caustic potash upon the dampened • \,skin over each horn button when the 1 calf is less than one week old. Apply hard or vaseline freely around the horn button. Wrap ore\ end of the 'caustic pencil with stro:ig • paper to, Iprotect the fingers. Keely causal out of calf's eyes.—Dr. A. S. 'Alexander. ese These pans are set upon arches of stone or brick or iron, and heat is applied by means of a fire built be- neath. The steam originates in little. bubbles, each being held upon the bot- tom of the pan by means of a thin film—somewhat analogous to the filen ,. which incloses a soapbubble—an — e an 1 , Roller spates were first pat'antod b materially strengthened by the weight Merlin, a Flemish mnslcal-in wihent of the sap above. While so confined, maker, in 1760.