HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Exeter Times, 1921-9-29, Page 6The WORReleS institutes of Cada
By A,
• ,
Province of Ont xie fhere al/a
t, a quarter of a century age
tions also haye beee gae-atly assisted
by the ineitutes, ea:eking their work
dinette° ie aural dietriets. Thcee ja-
t!:lude the Vir.03.U„, the trave'•ers' aid
11, CDTTINCI•
seetion of the the. (antdian
e elf( tS War 'IN When pea
intere
woreen's ehgala-hea than thet ha4 ealne '1;11(5re was
r"ewe'l
apread •1!ram coast to eCaaet of the Do
Natiouel Institute for the killed, the
n- Navy League, the Victovian Order of
le- ihneses othere. The inatitetes
le> have, eroal year to year, bezeme inure
ies And anore organization fel' the
70 whole people, The next step in On-
rn terio larch -ably will be the Apponitment
la, of permanent -officials of the govern,-
er- meet to take change reseectively of
US the following featatres el the work:l
ce Health matter, food problems, house
problems, girls' work, business meth-
ods and programs, and coins -nullity
undertakings.
Diseuss Various Subjects.
reatlar institee Work nntl a new (
.•'• termination for progress 'along
al:eating the whole peeple, Statiat
le Ontario for 1920 showed 28,9
e member; 9,308 meetings and 172„19$
t eieencleanie. These figure am -teed fro
- Mr. Geo. A. Putnam, prOvienial sup
iutendeet, show the Marlela
(level-ea:anent of the moVerrient- eel
minion and seems destined sure to be
einne warlatewide, The movereen
etavted Steeey Creek, a little eillag
made famous by war And women. I
is over a hundred years, ais everY Can
adian child knows, eirme war pu
Stoney Creek the map of history
It was A% February 19, '1897, -that we
men started there an orgenizzitien tha
afterwaede spread over the pro -sine
and eventually over the Dominion
They famed the first Women'a lesti
Lute Qmada, with 40 member. To
in Ontario akne, there are ovei
925 WOMeil!S Institutes, with
nearly 30,000 members, and all .th
other provinces have similar institutes
in large but fewer nurelom a. There are
also district institutes, provincial fed-
erations institetee and a Dominion
l'ederatien embracing all the provinces.
The success cf the movement start-
ed at Stoney Creak was almost phen
(Neenah Poing the first of its kind in
Canada, the difeaulties that bad to be
overcome may be imagined. Public
Interest lead to be aroused and, like
the pioneer Farmers' Institute of a
few years carlier, the movement had
to- prove its value befere the skeptical
vould 'he persuaded that there was
"anything in it." The women announ-
eed that the elajeet of the institute
was "to paeunote that knowledge of
hausehold enience which shall lead to
improvement in household architec-
tune, with spesial attention to home
emaitation, to a better understanding
of the economic and hygienic value of
fccids and fuel, and to a more scientific
mere of children with a view to rais-
Ines the gezieral standard of the health
of our people."
Spread Over Ontario.
The be•nefit that the Stoney Creek
community derived from its Women's
Institute soon was known to farrn wo-
men all over the province. The im-
portant discovery that the farmer had
a wife and, family who needed assis-
tance and improvement as well as did
the farmer himself, or even his live-
stock, caused institutes to be organ-
ized in other places, -until gradually
all Ontario was dotted with organiza-
tions that centred in the home. At
cue of the early meeting, a prominent
Canadian agriculturist summed up the
need in this way:
'Where is the ce_ntre of the farmer's
work? Is it to he found in the stables
and -fields, Or is it to be found within
the four walla of his own home? If
we are going to revolutionize the
farming industry in thee -country; if
we are going to ,start along lines of
develapanent that will be lasting and
helpful, and that have the -possibilities
ef raising the farmer tba the status
i,vItich is his due, we shall do it not
by giving him better barns and better
stock, not simply by teaching him how
to plaw a straight furrow, but we shall
do it °lily surely and - securely by work-
ing this revolution from the inside;
by getting right at the very heart el
the farm; by getting right within the
farmer s home. '
And that is the reason not only fear
the establisinnent of Women's Insti-
tutes, but also for their rapid increase
in numbers and for their success'. A
Women's Institute starts at the right
point; it works from the heart of the
Lame out. Ands when you improve the
homes of the farms of a country, all
other aMestions in connection with
f•arrn work are more easily and ration-
ally settled.
Five years after the first institute
was formed the Ontario Government
recognized the movement as distinct
from the Farmers' Inetitutes end, gave
it separate pe.cureary consideration
and assistance. By 1905 the member-
ship totalled 7,018, and at 1,428 meet-
ings held throughout the province in
the preceding year, there was a total
attendance of 54,329. Annually eele-
gates from the various branches met
in -convention in Toronto or other cen-
tral Places to exchange ideas and to
plan _future activities,
1
°\cyllto:
ecutrgAlized under a new n'ane end in
tt new way ----the -'Federated Women'a
institutes ef Ontario. Lllte the, Weal
inatitutes, this organization is etrictly. $1,`'ILeeh, '44114 701
nepartisert ',and -non-seciai•iati h -in a•••••••• -ta • T
es a
'71‘
eeery nhaselef its wovk. Its eure'6-sei
are 'lie co-ordlutte the efforts and
emthsi the plans of all local institutes
, for home improvement and community
betterment., to voice the sentiments of
the ivoal branches on all matters of
provincial imnot.tan,T within the scope
of institute work„ and te co-operate
with the Ontario Department- of Agri-
culture and other departments of the
g'o'vernment in work on odunational
oa fildnas teicoi.na al life,"nesc a. s the l dijenagerocvetheibo
nuuit-
tees have been appointed similar to
those a the Mammon Federation
which will be mentioned presently. I
, The Women's Institutes hi Ontario
have been discussed at this length bee
edese that province was the pioneer
In the work and has the largest mem.,
bership. All. the otlfer provinces, frern
.
ritash Columbia to Nova Scotia, nave
similar organizations, although in
Saskatchewan ..and Quebec they are
known as Homemakers' Clube. The
work, achievements and financing are
similar to Ontario. And all provinces,1
with the exception of Prince Edward
Island; which has since affiliated,'
joined in February 1919 in a Domin-'
ion -wide organization, known as the
Federated Wonien'e Institutee of
Canada.
The Dominion Federation eornprises
representatives' from the various pro-
vinces, two •delega.tes from each pro-,
vinee having votes. Each provincial
superintendent is Jul ex -officio member
without voting power. Starlding com-
mittees have beeri•eelpeinted on the
following: Publie health and ehild wel-
fare, education .and better schools,
a.griculture, immigration, legislation,
ublicity, and borne economics.
- the first institute wins formed 24 years
t "age,
e Although membership did not 1
• crease during the war, there was
- decrease in eethileiasni en the part
- the old members. The regelar ins
' tete work was ematineecl to a certa
extent, but greater attention w
e given to patriotic work and giving.
aseaCiation with the Red Cross Seek,
cf Canada, the Women's Institut
did their duty nobly. Boxes and bal
and parcels by the thousands were se
overseas for the comfort of soldie
and the relief of the destitute. Mo
of the donations went to the front an
other destinations through oftici
channels, bet many also were sent d
rectly to soldiers themselves, wheth
known or unknown personally by th
senders.
Active in the War.
The writer, who "soldiered" far
time in both France and England, we
remembers an instance associated with
an institute parcel that made hint hot
thoughtful and angry. In an a.rmy hu
in England, one of the soldiers receiv
ed by mail a hall-eozen horneetnitte
socks from. one of the Women's Insti-
tutes of Ontario. Wrapped with th
socks was a slip of paper bearing tit
name and address of the institute and
the -names of the women and, girls wh
had done the knitting. After the cha
read the names, he was on the poin
of throwing the paper in the stov
when I asked him to let me see it. 0
noting the names and the inference,
which to me meant a desire for an
acknowledgement, 1 -asked the chap if
he did not intend to send a word of
thanks, and he said: "No, I do not
know the people, and I do not know
how they got any name." I suggested
that that made the obligation of an
acknowledgement all the more neces-
sary, and he immediately did write a
note of thanks. It was not ingrati-
tude that made him first ignore the
duty; it was just carelessness. But it
made me think that probably hun-
dreds, yes, thousands, of similar in-
stances had andwouldoccur of "Susie
sewing shirts (Or lmitting socks) for
saldiers" without re•ceiving thanks or
recognition of any kind. There was
no doubt, however, that the soldiers
fully appreciated the gifts,, even
though few of them may have shown
it. In the case mentioned, the addres-
see kept two pairs of the seeks and
gave a• -pair each to four hut mates
I made certain that I was dne of the
four.
Besides the actual work done for
war purposes, the institutes made
large contributions in money and
goods (over $28 per member during
the last year of the wax alone), in-
cluding even ambulances. As it seems
ages, instead of less than three years,
n -
no
of
Li -
AS
in are the factors that count moat.
moestration lectures conducted by the
e's government, in food values, cooking,
65. sewing, nursing, other hauselielti art,
ailying, poultry, gardening and so
nt
•
e forth, hale done anreh to Make lionie
work brighter and better. '1Vfeetings
at intervals for this and:other pur-
noseseheve had also a Social value
that cannot 'be estimated. This soci-
ability is looked upon in many local-
ities, especially where the country ie
eparsely- settled, as the strengest fea-
ture of the work. In some-distriets,,
the institutes offer practically the only
opportunity for social interechnise
Among the innovations adopted for
variety of topie and purpose are
thimble days, tra-vel days, nature
study day; recipe days and "just talk"
days. It is impossible to entunerate
the many -ways in which the,institutes
are serving the individual, 'the com-
munity and the nation.
The provincial government aids the
branch and district institutes finan-
cially with grants. It maintains a
But with all these big problems in
operation and in prospect, the home
and social activities a the institutes
Learned Nobility of Work.
Through the Women's Institutes, the
farrn women of Ontario have learned
the nobility of -work; they ha-ve made
their work a profession. The old cry ;
of drudgesy now seldom is heard. The
aimple things of life have become just
as important as the great. Wiage fifty
years ago the whiteness el a woman's
hare kitchen floor was the ,gauge by
which her housekeeping was judged,
to -day the farm woman is areis•t
teough to appreciate the renovating
powers of pot paint. Instead of keep-
ing the blinds deena for fear of fading
carnets and furniture, sunshine is al-
lowed to streani in for the sake of
health. Instead of thinking only of
themselves and their hard let, woe
Men'a minds are reaching out for prac-
tical help and to nobler and .higher
things. And above am, wolnen recog-
nize more than ever the value of ,ap-
preciation and -consideration arid sym-
pithy in the home and in the earn-
munity.
When another five years had passed,
the inembership (1910) -was 16,104;
the number of meetings, 5,483,' and
the total attendance at meetings, 140,-
M. The next five-year period showed
in 1915 a membership of g9,046; meet-
ings, 9,254; attendance, 231,687. Then
The war exerted its baleful influence
en th ie movement as it did on all ether
good things. Membership and regular
meetings decreased in numbers, for
the women, Of the institutes. in com-
mon With all toyal Oanadians, devoted
al
er
a
11
provincial headquarters, with a. sen-
t' erintendent and staff, to adriainister p
e th
n org-anization experts, lecturers to at- Movement- spreads to Great Britain. your trees,. .
•
•E. C.: Will y'ou please tell me
CONQUCTED BY PROF.-11E1"HW Q. BELL
The Object' of'•;ttils ticaartment la tenalane at tee- aer.
vice. a our tarm readers the atiyiceeOf an' acksiavvied•fied
riatherity (mall subjects pertaining to.soila and arena:.
Address all questions to Professor Henry Q. 6411, in
care of The Yeneon Pul?nshino tomparty, t:Mnited, `forest-
ta, on,d, aneWeihi will'aPPear in thishalumn in the iiecier
n which they are "rec'elved. When Writing- eindly men.
non ibis paper. As stiace is limitenflt la'ativisable vvhere
Inartaccliate reply -is necessary that ea •stahipect and ad.
dressed envaiope be enclosed 'with the eheitfore When
the answer will be mailed :41reet"
• ,
Copyright ,b3S Wnsima 4b11shing Co., Limited
may be due to bacterial development
tl 'I h' '
millc stands. e erness comes
from weeds it will 'become less evident
AS the fnil,k stands. If it , becomes
„stronger it is a Clear indication that
it is bacterial infectien. The cure for
bacterial infeetion is to thoroughly
pasteurize' the milk, sterilize all uten-
sils used in handling the anillt, such
'as the milk pails, tins- and so forth.
One 'thing is certain, the 'seed" germ's
or oretuilifins which perpetuate this
,
S. L.: I have /planted apple trees
which were sunnefsed to be Wealthiee
nine years ago. We have kept the sod
away from thern"fer seven Years. They
are about twelve feet high and 'twelve
feet wide. They lookehealthy and -re-
ceive the barnyard manure water. No
inaect kerns to, affect them. I do not
think that the eight trees Cleared three
bushels of apples ao far. Some people
tell us thatthey need mineraland rust,
and there' is not en:nigh in the land.
They say ,we should drive -rusty nail
in'thein, and hang rusty irons anthem.
An:Slyer: ,Your aPple trees e
gneattly .need of pliesphotic acid
(the kind ofeplarrtfood that eausee the
forniation 'ef fruit and the ripening
of it) and potash (the plantfaod that
eauses the formation el ,starch in the
apple). I would advise you to first of
all cease applying manure or Manure
water. Next prune the trees thor-
oughly, then next spring as Soon, as
the ground isalry enough to work, ap-
ply 12 to 15 lbs. per tree of a niiirture
carrying from 10,te 12 per cent. phos-
phoric acid and 4 to 5 per cent. Potash.
Scatter this around the trees out about
as far as the branches reach and work
it irate the ground by ,harrowing or
raking. This ehould supply the nen-
.
. ie lc w len rea.ses as the hich ,teY were -accustomed to meet
'DOING THE NEXT
THING
It is easier to 'organize a greoP
young people into a society or band
than it is to -direct.. their activities
afterwards. Sernetimes it is a good
plan to let the members of the new
organization •ehoose their work for
themselves, Thrown on their own re-
sources they w,ill take pride in making -
a geed start. Furthermore, their self-
direeted effort may Mayo on from a ,
'ramble beginning into a Wide sphere -
of usefulness, _
En ie' town 'a ,yating -People's -so-
ciety' Made up their minds to attack
the task nearest at hancl. Accarding-
iarm they concentrated their energies
first of all on improving the rooin in
e workand the grant. It supplies In 1915, the \Yemen's institutes essary elements to lead to fruiting of
tend meetings and specialists to give There ar i t in
since the war, suffice it to say that the
Women's Institutes played their part
to the full with women and ether wo-
men's organizations everywhere.
The institutes have taken part in
all home and community problems and
many national ones. They have estab-
lished community halls, rest rooms and
libraries in hundreds of centres. They
demonstrated the need and practicabil-
ity of medical school inspection to a
degree which led the provincial gov-
ernment to introduce an effective uni-
versal system of medical inspection
for the rural communities of Ontario.
The result has been the creation of a
general interest in health problems
and effective methods. of proper feed-
ing and, eare el children, the aged ancl
sick, and. in preventive treatment for
disease. The institutes have demon-
strated to the satisfaction of all per-
sons concerned. that health problems,
school erpaipment and methods, the so-
cial life of the community, the support
of 'charitable institutions and all other
community activities require the co-
operation of the women in the way of
advice and practical 'assietance. The
institutes have created in their mem-
bers a con.sciausness- of local and na-
tional responsibility.
Home and National Problems.
The institutes have aided in making
effective the work of various, depart-
mente of the government and the work
ef various institutions. Ince-operation
with the department of agriculture,
they have been an important factor
in the success of school fairs and of
egg circles, and in the improvement
of the raw material delivered at cheese
factories, creameries ansi other mark-
ets. They have co-operated with the
department of public health in distri-
buting the instructive literature of the
depantment, and in making a study of
She dare of the 'child, of the treatnient
for contagieus diseases, etc.; this in-
cludes the establishment of Child wel-
fare clinics. They have eo-operated
With the department of education in
medical school inspection, as alrNtdy
mentioned, in seeming school nurses,
in establishing libraries, in taking
charge a libraries whinh have been al-
lowed to fall into disuse, in furnishing
eimularting libraries to remote sections,
etc. They have to -operated also evith
the fire marshal's department and`witli
the department el neglected and de-
pendent children.
Many national and local, Oi'ganiza-
If" blt" w
bitterness hinust he killed out before
'you will be rid Of the trouble.
The regular method of paSteuriza-
tion consists in heating up the milk to
a temperature of 140 to 145 degrees
F., holding the milk at this temper-
ature train twenty to •thirty minutes.
The utensils which are used in the
handlin"g of milk can be sterilized, bys
seal -ding them. with 'boiling. water. By1
careful sterilization of the p'ails and
tins, and pasteurize -Men of the milk!
You should be able to get rid of this'
trouble 'quickly.
J. B. Please tell ine what to do for;
Time after time they had met in the
) room Only., to find their conferences •
singularlY devoid of inepiration. At
length it acc'urred to one thoughtful
meinber that the diernal 'environment e
might be somewhat to blame. , The
iwindciwpsines 'Were cracked, ,the wall
l'paper avsi torn, the carpet -was worn
ithrontigh in ,,places. A. inelanehol3r-
I looking chart on the well was the •only
deebration. The yoeng people decided
that the ream "intist'be changed. And
they'eVanged it, althatih the project.
meant raising the required"Sum 'dollar
rfor(d011ar,
As ',Seen as the MembeaS
had alffind to handle .ancl. ekpend they
w e necessity foists's-1.g a linen- ,..t•
((dal "departrifent. Haying ,,(li,eariii'0
I that, they installed a special system
fer raising money -and appointed a.
rcaiomserndittee to take care of all funds
Since the young -workers felt very
seriously the responsibility of putting
their money 'to the best use, they set
about informing themselves on the
subject. They leaked into cases of
need: and, call•s for -help; they, investi-
gated the workings of organized char-
ities; and they studied doniestic and
foreign missions. A mission study
class was formed, and as a logical out-
g-roWth of it,—since missions are
based on the Gospel,—a Bible study
young fruit trees on which the bark
is injured and which seam to be dry-
ing up. The rabbits have injured,
them.
Answer: If the bark he's been so
injured that the trees are not
growth the best thing you can do is,
making I
to replace then). lf, however, theyi
show promise elf recovery, paint oyer,
-the wound made by the rabbits and
apply manure about the trees, or about
5 lbs. per tree of a fertilizer rieh in
nitrogen., Work it into the soil by
cultivation.
instruction in sharteceurses. ;It pub- land -and Wales. ,Orii.the -royal estate
lishes.an -annual ,report-afethesprovin- at 'Sandringham, there is an institute
dal "convention end a various local with Queen Mary as president. A
activities and on general statistics. speaker from England told a Canadian
Besides the government -grant, the hi- audience last year that "although only
stitutes are financed by membership five years old, there is no greater force
fees, by grants from town, village, in rural England than the Wornen's
township and county councils, and by Institutes." An 'innovation over there
receipts from entertainments, excur- is the establishment ol Women's In
sins, and so on. stitutes,schools. The British institutes
Besides the branch Women's Insti- are now being organized as a British
tutes, there are in some localities sub- Federation.
branches known as Girls' Institutes; Plans are also under way for an
in some other places, there are girls' International Federation to include
clubs of the Women's Institutes, These Canada, Great Britain and any other
have been organized where girls feel national association of women's organ -
that the larger organization is more izations with similar objects that care
for married women and will not attend to join. Shriner organizations to the
the meetings. In these clubs, fun and Wonien's Institutes exist in almost
frolic, physical culture, singing and every civilized country an the face of
amusements of various Idnds are given the globe.
Making Water Run Up-ili
By A. ASHMUN KELLY.
The differenee between the water at runs constantly. It never can be stale,
our spring -house and us lay in the and it fe pure soft andt '
fact that the water 'couldn't run up the What about the cost f, Well, about I
• •
hill to the house, and we, wouldn't; at $250. ,But We did much, of the dig -
least some of us would, not. That is cling and all of the filling; we dug and
walled up the'rarn pit, niade the -cover,
etc. There were about 300 , feet of
piping, including a waste -water pipe
that goes a good distange out •to the
meadow.
Is -the water supply sufficient'? Last
night wife let the water run into the
sink, and it ran for abcnit eight 'hours.
When I came down in the =morning,
the tank had about on foot of water
.That proves that'the supply is
not easily exhausted.
"But the water is coldahow cle-you
de on wash day?" In the kitchen, we
have a very large range, and the hot-
water tank on its one -tend will take
nearly a barrel of water. Owing to a
very large fire -pot, whibli takes a
twenty -inch stick, the -water in the
tank heats quickly, land is always
warm from t,he previous 'evening's fire,
as we burn wood. On. 'wash day the
water is 'sufficient and' hot' efiough for
the rinse water, while the:wash-boiler
on the stove is heating, -too. Thus we
have plenty of water -soft 'almost as '
rain -water, and pure as -,crystal• " For
cold water, to fill tank -etc., it is only
necessary to set a ibuelt;et under the '
tap, and 'while you are at work it
fills as if M a jif,fy.
• •
•
to say, we objected to carrying the
-water up.
We studied the matter out, Iodised
over the various schemes designed to
bring the water to the house through
pipes --the 'wind -mill, gasoline engine,
force and lift pump ;at the house, and
finally the ram. It took us some, six
months to decide w,hiell scheme to
adopt. In the meantime we had several
plumbing firms come and look the
thing over. One advised this, another
that, but nearly -all agreed that the
ram was the best meta/. power. Then
we measured the water, to see if there
-wee enough to enable us to use a ram
without any -difficulty.
We dammed the stream outside the
spring and let the water flow through
a piece of tin pipe. It flowed twelve
quarts a minute, two -quarts more than
required. Nearby were other good
springs, welling up in the meadow;
and in case of need these 'could easily
he addecIto the water -supply for...pan-
ning the little ram. But ours is surely
a big, never -failing spring in the
spring -house,
To install the ram required a great
lot of trench digging, sa that the
ground near the house and in the mea-
dow looked. as , if we were getting
ready to repel an army. The ram pit
was five feet deep and the same in
circumference and, when walled up,
looked like a -well. Right at the spring -
house we placed an empty linseed -oil
barrel (this being called the forebay),
to act as reservoir for adding force
to the waterfall through the supply
pipe. In the kitchen we put a large
enameled sink and over it a tap, and
in the eorner a thirty -gallon tank.
Then we ran a tank to the barnyard,
planing it scrathat the water, when
turned on, fell into, a -cedar tub.
It is all very simple and works per -
why our cow's milk is bitter and the
butter will not separate from the but-
termilk? '
Answer: The bitter milk may be due
either to the cows eating such weeds
as rag -weeds, or other weeds which
impart a bitterness to the milk, or it
ta!
0
J. C. C.: I raised about 150 ducks
this year but they are dying off
until now I have only eighty
left. They seem to go lame
and have a matter -like froth in
their eyes. They continue in that co
dition about three or four days an
then die. Can you give me the caus
and tell me what is the best feed fo
ducks?.
When ducks have sore eyes it i
sometimes due to a weakness cause
by a lack of grit or the improper as
similation of food. Dairip or dust
litter may cause the trouble. Wea
legs may resultfrom an unbalance
ration or a general lack of vigor in th
breeding. stack. •
Try a ration ccineisting of mostl
die bire
ILI.e
Make Believe.
live in the land of Make -Believe
ne Where dwarfs and giants dwell,
d Where every night at stroke of twelve
e There sounds the fairy ,hell.
✓ I lie upon the hill each day
And dose my eyes so tight
5 And softly call from -.out the woods
"cl My fav'rite fairy sprite.
And she will take me by the hand
Y To lands that no one knows—
k To far off lands of Make -Believe
d Next dear to Let's Suppose.
e 'And there with all the fairy folk
That all boys love so well,
I play till mother calls me
And breaks the fairy spell.
wheat bran with a little low-grade
flour to „stick it together. Then add
only fifteen per cent. corn meal, ten
per cent. beef scrap, five per cent. sand
and a lot of, cut clover or green rye.
The use of too concentrated feed' some-
times causes weakness in ducks.
Plenty of free range is a great help
'in keeping ducks healthy.,
Goslings need only. fresh, tender
graea for -the first two days. Then a
good mash can he made of two parts
wheat middlings and one part corn-
meal. This is moistened but.not made
into a sloppy mash. Feed four times
each day just about the amount they
can- clean up in a few minutes and
still remain hungry. When a week
old the goslings can be given scalded
;cracked- , They should have a
grassy range as they. are .grass eatees
and that must, form" the bulk of their.
ration. Some breeders of geese give
the goslings bread and milk for th,e
first few days. - hbread is soaked -in
mill( and then squeezed out nearly dry
before feeding time.
-
A bug in a rug has nothing. on a
smut Pore in untreated wheat se'ed.
We never eat a dish of store ice-
cream without -thinking what a poor
imitation it is of the kind made of
real cream, on the farm.
There is danger ol-being gassedin
a 'Silo.. To avoid accumulation of gas
in 'the silo, the doors should he left
;open 'as long as passible. Men should
not stay in the silo when, the 'blower is
not running, and should net sat or lie
upon the fresh silage. If work has
been interrupted for any length of
time, workers -should not again entex
thessilo amtiff-the blower has been run-
ning for at least a 'few minutes. This
entirely renfoves the dangerous gases.
To prevent rust: An ounce of eam-
phor dissolved in a pound of lard is
a good preparation to cover the 'bright
parte of machines. The scum that
forms in making this Mixture should
taken off The mixture ,should be
ppliecl to the vvell-cleaned parts and
flowed to remain about twenty hours.
ny excess may be rubbed -off. The
formsigxotoudrepolihwhnrubbed
saecoatiniiedwithtbatwasof
ill take
loth. Axle grease is also --excellent
car keeping plow bottoms from rust -
g a.Pa
n dminaty be i guoi
s:d. ruliro y
for the ebnrit bright
arts,
ut is hard to get off.
.0h, this water systein it a Priceless
boon to the housewife, riot to mention
some lesser persons who formerly had
to carry all the water We did
not want a tank in the attic, so Our
resourceful plumber . suggested the
thirty -gallon bailer right in the kit-
chen. That gave him the 'contract, too,
for the other plumbers had more com-
plicated plans, which Would have cost
more anel would not have given better
service. I mention these things for
the .heneftt ..of ,others 1Who imee,about
the same kind of water problem that
we had and for whom a similar plan
will be good. -
•
fectly. The water is forced up to the By all means water in every farm -
kitchen boiler, and from there it can house. Borrow the raeney if you have
'be drawn through the tap over the
sink. The overflow goes by the natural
force of gravity to the barn:
The little ram keeps up its ceaseless money on farm tools—we bought al b
thumping day and night, needing 71,a his outfit with the farm, and were our- a
attention whatever, no oiling, no gas, prised at the amount of Machinery he
no starting or stopping. It asks no- ha,d, some he could have dehe without, A
thing but to be let alone at it work. while his wile was alleived to go' to m
A strainer at the spring -house end the spring and lug hack to the house a
of the 'supply pipe keeps' out anything every quart of water she needed. ei
that might -get under the valve. A
to, and pay 'interest year after year,
rather than tarry the water. •TI.e._ man
from whom we bought spent Jots of
'enough fon a cow to walk over, • At All the hothouse grapes in the world 111
any. tirne -we cait draw a glass of ice- can't 'compare with a purple eltistereP
cold water feelif 4,be tap, for the water pieked in peer own arbor 1 b
Power on the Farm.
The best auto tire Made will no
stand up under skiddhig. You can
skid around a eorner lay going too
fast, er you can throw your clutch in
with a slam when trying to start
When m
you attempt to get the car in
motion- from a standstill, by slamming
in the clutch and "giving her the gas,'
the rear wheels will usually spin and
not get a ready purchase on the
ground. Let the clutch in slowly and
smoothly when you start, and when
the car gets in motion, then let the
clutch all the way in. This eaves your
tires from scratches and tears. A
spinning or skidding wheel makes -"the
ground act like sandpaper on the
tread of yourtires.—]3, W.
To clean greasy hands: When a fire-
pair-
job has been nished, instead of
trying to washthe hands immediately,
give them a liberal coat of he.'ril oil or
clean gear grease. Rub the hands to-
gether as if soaping theni until all
parts are thoroughly greasy. Then
take, a cl.een rag or bunch of cotton -
waste and wipe the grease from the
hands. The hands will be surprisingly
clean, after which they can be washed
with soap and, watrn water, using a
brush. The usual rriethod of getting
rid ,of grease or carbon is by washing
the hands in gasoline Or kerosene. This
makes the hands rough, however, e-spe-
mally oold weather, while the ap-
plication of gear grease -will leave
them soft and velvety.—R. F.
We have 'been using a power and
lighting pla.nt in . our home for the
past seventeen months and have surely,
derived much benefit from it. We have
lights in all •buildings sat the snap :ef
aeswitch and have three sets of three-
way switches, which are surely handy.
We tan snap on a light in the house
which lights the, yard between the
hoilse and barn, go in the barn and
cut it off. On returning, we can op-
erate 'the switch at barn and cut it off
at the house. Have the sa
mme arrange-
ment between the garage 'arid house
and in the stairway of the house. We
use va.etruin 'sweeper and an iron'
but have not installed a motor, as we
have an engine doing good service.
The care of plant 'and battery takes
ouch little time that it is not worth
mentioning.—W. K.
class.
Before long the little band were
turning their newly acquired knowl-
edge into power. When the to 'classes
were appealed to for Sunday school
teachers they furmished them—young-
men
men and women who were eager and
ready to pass on to the children of
She congre,gation what they had learn-
ed themselves. So, from the shabby
meeting room that "must be done
ovex" there gre-w up by natural de-
grees a live force in the church. It is
good lesson in the value of small
beginnings. -
"Do ye next thynge," that ancient
admonition, will make a good practi-
cal motto for any group of young -
workers who are hesitating about
where to make a start.
How Churn a Little Cream.
The average grain farmer's wife
seldom handles the milk of inoxe than
one or two COWS., At some time of the
year the cream supply will be neces-
sarily small, and the problem presents
itself of how to churn it successfully
and easily aiad yet have good, whole-
some butter. If she keeps the cream
until she has a sufficient amount for
her five -gallon churn, it is usually bit-
ter and not fit to use, owing to its age.
I solved my problem in th'e follow-
ing` manner: I poured the cream
(either one or two quarts) in' a COM -
mon one -gallon stone jar, and churned
it with the dasher of my five -gallon
earthenware churn. ,The dasher and
lid of this churn were an exact fit for
the one -gallon jar. ' This improvised
churn may be placed either on a chair
or table. If the rim of your jar is
ot perfectly even and s-mooth, lay a
mall fold of some 'clean white ma-
erial (cheesecloth is best, as it is
more absorbent) around the edge o
ame to prevent any splashing or
eaking of cream.
I have sacceecled. in churning butter
iany times in fifteen minutes, 'pro-
ided I have the cream at the correct
temperature. My expealence has bean
that 60 degrcee. in summer and 65 de-
grees in winter bring the quickest and
best results. There is never any
guesswork when you -use a therrno-
• n
s
cover over the ram pit is made strang
Rate are found in every part of the
World, eXeept the Polar regime.
1
11
•
leter. It not only eliminates by half
he drudgery and time of churning;
ut also .insures one oC u ref ornaly
holesoine, firm, sweet butter.
Put a F/yildVtorie.
-‘sheel on the
Grl
To sharpen tools any -people have
to turn the grindstone without assis-
tance, using the foot on a treadle ansi.
the hands on the article to be sharp-
ened. eThie gives a jerky movement
to the stone that is destructive to
good work in putting an edge upon an
ax or 'chisel. One needs a fly -wheel,
and, this can cheaply 'be found in a
second stone made of cement, and
mounted on a frame beside the grind-
stone. Make a circle of; stiff paste-
board upon a smooth surface •and fill'
in with cement, 'with a le* old wires
to bind' the whole together. Extend
the iron shaft of the •grindstoite to
enter the cement, with a square sec-
tion :Made On. the shaft, but leaving
the shaft round On either side for
bearings.
• w
We are firm believers in ' healthy
sports, but hay pito'hers are more nec-
essary than baseball pitchers.
Says Sam: "In this school el ex-
perience, the only college yell is a
etiff upper lip."
Th pays dairymen to water the milk
before milking. Cows given a ehtanice
to drink all they want heap the pail
higher.
1