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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Exeter Advocate, 1920-8-5, Page 3Address communications to Agronomist, 73 Adelaide St, West, Toronto Rape For Sheep Pasture, Rape is the ideal forage crop for sheep. It not only lends itself ad- mirably to intensive systems of sheep fanning but it yields more and better green food to the acre and at less ex- rapidly and the growth and develop - queens queens being the only survivors, ease the any other crop in the longanent of the plants are checked. Rabe And the rest of the bees perishing. it y t b ver suecessfuliy grovrn Af , SWARMING' BEES.. 13y IL W. SANDERS. The swarm is a phenomenon pie- for they had made themselves too clear to bees. There are other insects much at home. thatlive together in colonies, but A Beautiful Sight, usually their methods of natural in, l finally upon a iful Si day, usually rainfall, Land intended for rape pro- crease tale place in connection with in the morning, a mass of bees rushes a period in their life -history v which duction should be plowed early and P violently put of she hive, and after thoroughly prepared before seeding. Newly plowed lead never grows good rape, as the moisture evaporates too e' le m ti colonial if i for the ti life s being . ' ne circling tv' theairfor a to c n ill in d suspended, The humble bee, fox ex-1they cluster an the branch of a tree, ample, passes the winter in "a dormant§ on a post, or some other convenient condition like the majority of insecta, lace. Tile ween is usuallyamongst P ..h q the last to leave and her presence Is necessary before the swarm -will con - list of succulent summer foods. It can e e • Then in the spring these humble-bee-� time on its way. If by tides the flack aver the dry, hot sea own at the last cultivation of the corn queens each start up a nest of their any chance she are dead and fields crop• W+ a have seeded one or two own, !VIVI. he hone -bee However, gets lost the bees will return to the son, when grasses 4 oe d t t y brown and it continues togrow and. acres of -rape with Corn, for several' life is impossible except in the form hive from which they came, Thisla s �=years and find that a large crop .of is made use of in some of the plans luxuriant grazing late in the a e can s th' of a colony and therefore it must for swarm .control, and by clipping the fall, It is extremely feasible to sow fol g make mood the losses of winter and i o that sae cannot fly, queen's K rags s s y rape for fall pasturage and turn. the flock onto the succulent plots when the common pastures are exhausted or de- stroyed by early frosts, Nothing equals it for ewes and lambs during the nursing periods, and for weaning beecured in is manner without additional preparation of the disease byincreasing, not only the soil. Where the eorn crop is removed g' and put in the silo the land is soon number of individuals in each hive, x n When the rape but the number of hives, or colonies, clipped queen when they find she can- Through clear shining after rain." ready for paste z g, by swarms issuing from the more not swarm, and then swarm with the n__. z_ adds eerily, -- :r ___3,..s character had fallen fax plant ie about twelve inches high it densely populais rease, leees would lone is ready to turn onto, and if not grazed method of Incre vogue that emerges, so that too closely it will continue to produce h THE SUNDAY SCHOOL THE SUNDAY SCHOOL LESSON AUGUST 8TH. The' Kingly Kindness of David, 2 Sam. 8: 15; 9: 1-13. Golden Text, •18.15. 2 Samosa 8-15. David Executed Judgment and Justice Unto All His People. This is very high praise, and is borne put by the history of David's reign, His ideal of the kingly character and rule is well set forth in the poem which is entitled, "The last words of .David," (2 Sam. 23: 1-4): "One that ruleth over men righteously, That ruleth; in the fear of God, He shall be as.the light of the morn- ing when the sun riseth, the return of the swarm is ensured, WheAn morning without clouds,th t However, the bees often kill such a llhen theftender gruss•spri ge ou , of the' earth, lambs it is incomparable, earryl2l" ago have become extinct, for there `" -__�_- __._, -_ __-- iaa,v.0 of this +,•cs., forage until frozen down late in the is a certain amount of mortality of bee -keeper can be at hand to perform "Verily my pause is not so with Q „ mother -nulls �- ii to self -sus- eii €r m z other m 1L t o'o Go themti a ec r exit ns, d i n essay op z i i c o ie- ta•inang lambhood with scarcer* a s g Rape is an efficient weed dr�siroyer. o n a al the thee. It is a notable and beautiful sight IV. is altogether to his eredeiit this of shrinkage. Rape is unexcelled as Stzainauig is marked by the most Da id, in looking back o er tli yea . a autumn food for starting mutton ,'here one desires to cheek the weed to see a swarm emerge, and for a few n t adl infested field the reniarl:able exhibitions of instinct in moments the air seems to be filled with of his reign, sheuld have recognized sheep and lambs on the profitable road giefera an . lt“ y g and confesses lei,, int exfe tions enc preferable plait is to sow rape before tho life of a• colony, We lcr,ow that bees with gashing wings, whilst the faults. But 't ' true n ve thelese to full grain feerlirgby the thee the season is far enough sound can be heard at a co seder that his reign as a whole was marl -ed fait I i n ; able au s. ugz as s r ., advanced for swarming to take place; distance. Our own bees are laaated o lea even I•i l ' tine materially e uby justice and generous kindness, ti toward his enemies. See, for example, Ms treatment of the men of ,Tabeeh- rave le �o the cede seldom giovr an ma- f t rt tl~ first li tch gilead (2 S20- 2:and and of Abner p p g luxe a seed crop the same year. Ordi- (2 Sam. 3a `LO.21), and his indignation early June until late autumn. -One acre p of their successors, and from that francand grief at Abner°'s death (a Sam, 3: in connection with a lira- nary frosts and cold snaps will not A swarm may hang clustered fora 28-89 of rape feed e t he edibility of rape. forward the succeeding; generations few moments only, or for several ), Note alert,. at the time of fled grain ration will produce as many interfere with t y p; g hours. Usually at least a •couple of treatmentbsalom% xebeilioh, leis lconsiderate m - rad The sheep may safely be; pastured are very xa �d throw hoot the active of Ittai e G t i e, , the cora-. pounds of mutton as two thousa ^ To prevent season. We use the vrord "genera- hours will elapse before they are like- inander of his Philistine soldiers, and five hundred pounds of corn and oil until cold weather comes,. p trans " but strict speak in it is not meal. Growing lambs and breeding a waste of forage, plans should be y8', ly to decamp -indeed, cases are on his patience with Shimei, who cursed e g made to stock the forage pastures suf- accurate, for the queen, which lays record where swarms have emerged hurl as he passed along the road in. ewes made greater gains in Live ie utilize all of the forage all the eggs in the colony, frequently and have built their combs and re- his flight from Jerusalem, .(2'Sam15:. weight an less supplemental grain fico rally to t L, hex conditions' hues several years. It is not, however, mained.in the open air on the cluster- 19-21, and 16; 5.111,) feed when pastured on rape than possible before weather _1 the fact, as has often been supposed, 9.1-13, For Jonathan's Sake, David ew s on clover as- prevent the flock from remaining out1 ing place, One is tempted to wander similar lambs and e p that the queen "leads out a swarm whether these swarms issued before could not forget the great .and on- side, selfish friendship of Jonathan. In spite tzra, If a larger area is planted than the• or thin she has any .special function the scouts had located a suitable place of Saul's jealous hatred and perseeu- field of rape and sufficient port- ` g t hogs zna rat the mstter, A swarm will emerge for them to go, or if not, what the tion of hint, he showed no vindictive - able fencing to provide the flock With •beep ran ronsuine, Young y with a virgin queen who has only been stimulus is that makes the bees break ness, after his exaltation to the throne, fresh grazing as the oceasia*i demands be turned on the field to assist in coil - out of the Pupa stage a few hours will be ofgreat slue in maintaining stoning the crop, up their cluster and proceed upon toward any d Saul% house: Be had g and such a swarm will behave exactly their way. However, the fact is that inflicted summary punishment upon the breeding ewes and conditioning _,___ _ in the same manner that their pre- they win, sooner or later, decamp un- the man who claimed that he had kill- tlie lambs into that desired quality Danger From New Diseases of Wheat.'decesso-s did in est ears, All we ed Saul at the battle of haunt Gilboa P• y Less hived. (2 Sam, 1: 13-16), and upon, the mer- and excellent condition so 'important Aside from rust and smut, Canadian; can say about it is that they know by Hiving a Swarm. h o on the market. The portable fences wheat erops have been found remark -1 instinct what to do, and that is an- g deters of Ishbosheth (2 Sane. 4; 5.12), permit of frequently (hanging the ably free from destructive diseases.t other way of saying that we do not cwe and lambs that are being con- Recently, however, there have been; understand it. ditioized to new areas of the cape field discovered in the U.S.A. two new dis Raise Thousands of Young, as seen as the crop is consumed. When eases, "Flag smut" and "Take all,"` first turned in upon a field of rape about the presence of which there has A strong colony of bees build up sheep and lambs should become grade- been felt considerable alarm. Now up their numbers very rapidly in the p ally aicustamed to the change and to the time of writing, Canada has not} spring of the yearn From the time allowed to have continued access to been invaded by either of these new when they come out of their winter it, unless in time of storms, and, when troubles. But growers should be evert quarters, and the weather becomes. once removed, care must be taken not on the lookout for these and any other mild enough for thein to break the to put them back upon it when hurl- obscure trouble with which their peas- � cluster they form to keep warm, until gry. If the sheep get a moderate tiee has not made them thoroughly the first flowers begin to yield honey, amount of grain feed in the morning familiar, the bees raise thousands of young tthe rape "Flagones the rocess of which consumes before they are turned o i p smut, so called because tile. P field the danger of bloat and digestive smut occurs- on the flags or leaves ell the remainder of the stores of. honey derangements is to some extent lessen- wheat, is easily recognized by the laid by during the previous season, ed. Aeeess to salt and to other kinds long streak of smutty stripes running When the nectar from the new sea - of pasture crops is desirable when the along the leaves. Tl:e affected plants son's crop begins to be secreted by flock is pastured on rape. Two kinds also show a peculiar tangled and the fie -wars in any considerable quan- of rape seed are upon the market; one twisted appearance as if the leaves tity, which usually occurs •at the end i the summer; the other the winter were wound around the stens. Any annual, or biennial rape. The summer suspicious plant should be sent to the. rape is not suitable for grazing, be- Division of Botany, Experimental ing grown commercially on a small Farm, Ottawa. "Take all," as the name implies, takes all and is probably the most serious wheat disease known with the exception of rust. In certain coun- tries, indeed, it . is the more serious, as is emphatically claimed by the practical grower as well as' the scien- tific observer. The recognition in the field is not difficult. "Take all" is a root disease spreading from below up the stem for about 1 to 2 inches, dis- coloring the stem dark brown. : The affected plants may be pulled up very easily, their anchorage in the ground is very loose as compared to a sound plant. The affected plants turn yellow and finally die, taking straw and all. Both diseases are most . likely con- veyed by infected seed grain, hence it is most important to "nip these dis- eases in the bud" and report all suspi- cious cases at once. - The use of for- eign wheats for seed is cautioned against; particularly wheat from Australia is under suspicion. The feeding value of rape cannot the weeds mature.This thorough till - be too h;ghly exploited; it is not a r,ge of a ie sol at, t tis i feed of week or month,. but may be cheeks weed growth and the heavy fol - sown at successive intervals so as to iage of the rape shades thf ground so rauaus astura e fromthat; d that all the bees from the season be- quite a little distance from the house, fore have some to the end of their yet we have been on some occasions lives. They only live • Iong enough apprised of the swarm by hearing the after winter to nurture aa loud humming from indoors. made by the Gibeonites for venganee on the descendants off Saul because of Saul's slaughter of them, but he did so with evident reluctance and soreow, and because it was made apparent to him to be a religious duty, (2 Sam, 21; 1-14), ) Ziba, appears later in the history making a erafty bid for the king's favor and his own profit. See 2 Sam. 10: 1-4, Lame on His Feet. This son of Jonathan was Belled Mephibosheth, or Meribaal (1 Chron, 9: 40). The story of his lameness is told in chap. 4; 4, It appears that in the time of Saul and David the name "Baal," which meant "master," or "lard," was one of the titles applied to Jehovah, just as we say "Mester" or `"Lord" -wen speak- ing of Christ, Later the name Baal came to be associated in the minds of Israelites with the worship of certain heathen deities, and its use was dis- continued. In some cases Plebrew scribes who" had learned to hold the name of Baal in abhorenee, finding it in the old histories in compound proper names, deliberately changed it. Thus tc Schange lap wa the Il,aard s n bol lash l , ed to Ishboeheth, which n:eana "plan of shame," and Meribaal, "the Lord's hero," became Mephibosheth, a mean- ingless eompoued with the same word for shame, lliaehir was .a prominent man of the elan li'Iachir of the tribe of Manasseh, living east of the Jordan (Num. 26; 29; Josh, 17: 1). Be proved himself a true friend of David in his time. of trouble when he fled from Absalom across- Jordan to Mahanaim (2 Sam. 17: 27-29). Fear Nat. Mephibosheth, or Meri- baal, might well have been afraid when sent for by the king, for it was not eneommen in the East in those times for a new ling to rid himself of all possible rivals by putting to death the heirs of the king whom he had dis- placed, It is possible, teo, that the tragedy of Gibeah (chap. 12) had al- ready taken place. He finds himself, however, a guest at the king's table, and provided for by the restoration d the lands which had belonged to his grandfather Saul, To Ziba was given the care and cultivation of these lands for the lame prince. Verse 11, in the Greek translation, reads more correctly, "So Meribaal ate at David's table as one of the king's sons. " scale as a food for birds. One should insist that Dwarf Essex seed be sup- plied. The usual cost of rape seed is about eight cents per pound. As a rule, three or four pounds of Dwarf Essex seed per acre, sawn in rows twenty-eight inches apart will give the best results. Rape thrives best 011 a rich, fertile soil and better yields always result on land that is well immured and fertilized and given thor- ough preparation before the erop is sown. If planted in rows and culti- vated it will produce a maximum growth of forage. Rape is a quick, rank grower. If the moisture conditions are favorable for the seed to germinate quickly the field will be fit for grazing in seven weeks after sowing. Soils having a cold, wet subsoil are unsuitable for rape. I find that the crop does best on an easy -working clay loam, well under - drained and rolling enough to prevent standing water in ease of excessive aammame Always Near A mile and a gall,or a day y and -a half, or a world and a half away. Your journey back, will be safe . and sure if your car is equipped the Partridge way. This process consists of shaking the bees into an empty hive, or in front of it, In the latter case, if a few of the bees start to re-enter the hive the remainder will follow without trouble. If the bees are shaken onto a cloth or other smooth surface the process is facilitated. If the branch of the tree on which a cluster is hanging can be spared it is often possible to cut it off, and to carry the branch, swarm and all, to the hive, It is then dumped in front onto a clothand the bees are almost sure to enter. If a branch can- not be removed, or if the bees are clustered on a post or other unremov- able place, then the hive is brought near and placed on the ground with a cloth before the entrance, the bees are gently dislodged with the hand and of May or the beginning of June,' the fall in a bunch before the hive. Then. bees are beginning to feel rather smoke is blown on the place where crowded and it is this crowded con- they had been, to prevent anyfrom dition that constitutes the most ob returning, and soon they will be all in vious stimulus to swarm, The amount their hive, of ventilation afforded by the entrance, There is very little danger of stings inhandling swarms, for the bees are all filled with honey in preparation for the building of comb that is the first essential in their new home. When in. this condition a bee will seldom sting. Nervous people often dress up very elaborately to hive a swarm, but the experienced bee -keeper will seldom trouble himself with anything more than a veil to protect his face, and we have often taken -.;swarms in the bare hands and placed the bees at the hive entrance, The novice, however, had better take precautions. In practical management,' the pre- vention Of swarming is desired, as it is found that swarming lessens the crop of honey. Where, however, a swarm actually does take place it is good practice to remove the parent colony' to a new stand and to place the swarm on the place previously occupied by it. 'The' swarm is thereby reinforced by all the bees that have narked the old location as their hone, and will pro - that the queen not only reaches full duce a fair crop of honey, whilst the maturity and is capable of mating and fertile -egg laying, but the proces's is shortened aitd in place of three weeks and varying with its size, is also a factor in the case, and bee keepers are advised to give plenty of ventila- tion in warm weather, and to give plenty of room by adding supers in order to hold back swarming, for swarming often cuts down the honey yield in a serious manner. Preparation for Swarming. The actual process is interesting. -The first step is the raising of queen cells within the hive, for as the old queen always accompanies the swarm the hive will need a new mother..The queen is hatched from exactly the same egg as a worker bee, and in fact a worker is but an incomplete queen. To bring - such a worker egg to full maturity a large cell is built, known to the bee -keeper as a "Queen -cell." and in this the baby queen passes her larval and pupa stages supplied with a much greater abundance of food than a worker is given, The result is "parent colony" is weakened suffi- ciently -to prevent afterswarms, and will therefore not be weakened still the mature queen will emerge in about further by them. fifteen days• The bees do not, how- In the production of extracted ever, wait so long before swarming he ney, swarm control is accomplished and as a general rule the swarm will by raising brood to the upper portion issue on the first warm day after the of . the hive, but in comb -honey pro - queen -cells are sealed, that is, afterduction this is impossible, owing to to cry until he gets fed. the embryo queens have reached the the necessity to crowd bees into. the( 11 your baby does not go to sleep pupa stage. little section honey -boxes. For they soon after being nursed, or does not Besides the raising of a queen to comb -honey man, therefore, swarming quietly coo when laid down, it is pro - succeed the existing one, the bees is cite a problem and the text books make various other preparations. The of bees are full of plans of different bees quit working; and "leaf=" as bee'1 merite for its control, In general it should consult your physician or keepers often say, They hang outside -nay be said that extracted honey pro- otherwise take more liquid nourish He yielded, it is true, to the demand Muscle Massage Given by New As an aftermath of ment during the war. has become a common children in Germany; the flabby muscles patients, without risking malformation of the softened bones, many curious devices have some into use. In treat- ing the jaw and neck, muscles, for ex- ample, thesubject is laid on an in- clined board, while the nurse stands in Rickets Method. mdernourisb- period, rickets disease among To stimulate of these little at the Bead and manipulates a harness of two straps. Youn Beef Once 1 Gent >n a Pound. Good beef sold far a cent a pound in the reign of Queen Elizabeth be England. Upward of 350 000 distinct s ecies P of insects have been described, the majority of which are, in 501115 way, injurious, and at least as many more remain undeseribed.. The Welfare ©f the Home Don'ts for Mothers. It is quite apparent that a certain number of babies must be artificially fed, To this. end we will endeavor to point out some of the dangers, which we trust will serve as a guide. DON'T ask your neighbor nor your relatives bow you should modify the milk for your baby. They mean well, but remember it requires scientific knowledge to dictate just how each and every baby should be fed. Con- sult your family physician. DON'T feed the baby every time it cries. Remember the capacity of the stomach of a new-born baby is very small. It only holds from one to two tablespoonfuls, and should not be over- loaded, and the feedings should be far enough apart to give the infant time to rest and to digest what it has taken. Most specialists now agree that, as a rule, feeding every three hours until the fifth month and then feeding every four hours is enough, although some maintain that for the first month every two hours is not too frequently. Furthermore, during the hot wea- ther, your baby may be thirsty but not hungry, and, therefore, every baby should have a little water every clay. From one to two tablespoonfuls may be given between feedings, two or. three tunes during the heat of the day. If you insist'on nursing the baby every trine he cries, the baby is going bably an indication that it has not had quite sufficient, and in that case you in great bunches if the weather is Warm, and in general the normal' life of the colony is disrupted, . couple of days before swarming the .queen ceases to lay, so that she may be'able' duction is to be recommended, and the hent particularly milk, and a little comb -honey left to experts who scan more gentle exercise in the epee specialize on this line. DON'T I :the baby's milk standing in the kitchen exposed to germs. If you have no r�efrigeratoi• place it in a vessel with a cloth around it, prefer- ably woollen or jute, which should be kept damp at all tildes, and keep in a cool part of the house, or cellar, constant evapoeationcontinually hold- ing clown the temperature. DON'T use your baby as a • play- thing, and don't peemit-other people to do so, with the' pretense that they are entertaining the baby. -As a mat- ter of fact, in the majority of cases, and enters without hesitation- A a similar way by using a quart of the baby .is entertaining them, when neighbor of ours last season found a seed per acre in the clover and tim- it should be resting: Leave the baby number of bees exploring a dram thatothy seed mixtures in ,seeding orcl- alone as much as " possible, It can was placed to carry off rain from a inary meadows. If the plants make entertain itself better than you can, sleeping -porch, and sure enough two good growth : and develop tubercles Place it on a rug, covered with a clean days later a swarm- arrived' arid took upon the roots it is safe to assume sheet, on the floor or on a soft mat possession. A • nearby bee -keeper that inoculation is not essential to tress; where it can lick its limbs and smoked them out and hived them be- make the crop a success demonstrate to you in :a very short the better to endure the long flight to Questioning tete .Dili the new home, and the bees send out Before attempting to grow alfalfa scouts to search out a suitable place and soy beans 011 our farms it is well for the swarm to begin housekeeping. to put the question of inoculation to rocks, the chimney of a vacaet houso, It may be a hollow tree, a cleft in the the' soil itself in a practical way. By planting a few rows of say beans in or some such . place, but there is no doubt that the bees select their desti- nation beforehand, for the swarm eventually takes wing and flies direct- ly In a straight line to the new spot various parts of the Born fields it is easy to examine the roots of the plants and determine if -the soil will need inoculation to snake the crop certain. Alfalfa may be tried out in time how much more effectively it can exercise both arms and legs when lying on its back that when lying on your knee entertaining you. DON'T give the baby a pacifier or what is commonly called "Baby's Com- fort." There lamentably seems to be a feeling, especially among young _mothers, that when a child cries, if it is given a comfort to suck, everything possible has been done to soothe it. Don't forget that infants acquire habits very rapidly, and, once ac- quired, they are difficult to break. If you rock your baby to sleep, for in- stance, after a few times, you will find it difficult to put it to ; sleep without rocking. The same applies to singing children to sleep. All such devices are means of engaging the baby's atten- tion until overcome by sleep. The "Comfort," of all habits, is the most filthy, the most dangerous, and the most unpardonable. Every nation should pass legislation prohibiting the use or even the manufacture of these public nuisances. Mothers that would not think for a moment of taking their babies to a place where there is any infectious disease, do not hesitate foe a moment to give their child a "com- fort, and they have been seen tQ put the "comfort" in their own mouth to moisten it before putting it in the infant's mouth; and after the babe has had it fpr a while, it falls out, and may fall on the floor, and become con- taminated in that way,—or, if it lies out for a while in the child's cradle, in the sultry summer weather, it soon becomes covered with flies, It is then picked up and put into the child's mouth again; and still you wonder how the child contracts disease! It d'VA pat recittire ani' scientific 1k11¢ ie. edge to recognize what a filthy habit this is, and what an appalling eourr.e of danger; and, unfortunately, these "comforts" are riot frequently used with children in a run=down, fretful condition, when they are most sus- ceptible to infection. In addition to. this, there is a great ,danger of producing deformity of the mouth. It is claimed to be not an unusual explanation for a change in the arch of the mouth, and for the production of protruding mouth, par- ticularly the upper jaw, which, aftet the front teeth are ou4., may even ex, tend out over the lower lip; Remember, in iso instance whatever is a "com- fort" a particle of good, and, there: fore, nothing will justi'y its use: It. is probably one of the greatest hien• aces of modern times, and its menu,facture should be condemned 1.v all governments, 7 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 41 1 A w w v y 1 1 w 44 41 4 1 4 r 1 4 1 a 4 4 4 a 1 1 1 4 i eseiesetee