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The Exeter Advocate, 1920-5-13, Page 2Age 'Ole •4 Address communications to. Agronomist 73 Adelaide St. West, Toronto Keeping Down Apple Scab. Fistula and Poll Evil. • e healthy,How comes it that so many' farm Spraying keeps the leaves ienabling the trees to form large fruit horses suffer from fistulous withers spurs, and by covering the fr. with- or poll evil? The answer to this ques- uit } p ia fungicide, such as lime -sulphur solu- tion is difficult tie find in some in - tion or Bordeaux mixture, the attack of apple scab and other diseases is prevented stances, but plain in many others. Bruise is the common cause of .fistula of the withers„ which" is ellen- Apple scab is most prevalent in wet acterized by formation of a large, hot, seasons, as the spores require water painful swelling at the highest point for germination. Serious losses from of the withers, or farther forward, this disease often occur even wben where the top of the collar rides, Pus the trees are sprayed, due to the fact forms, burrows, breaks forth, or is that at some thee during the season liberated by lancing, and the condition too long a period is allowed to pass then existent is termed a fistula. without spraying the trees. This has Poll evil is of exactly the same been especially true when there have been frequent showers during the first half of May or in July and August, when little spraying has been done. The character of the weather can- not be forecast for any considerable time, and as the sprays are of a p+e- ventive nature, it is important that the spraying be done just before a rain, or at any rate near erbugh to the rainy period so that the foliage and fruit will be covered, If this can be done there will be little danger of attack by, fungi, since the spores of tragi cannot germinate where there is even a thin flim of a fungicide. According to the condition of the weather there is danger from the at- tack of the fungi from the time the first leaf -buds open until the fruit has been harvested, and even after the apples are in barrels the scab spots may enlarge. In ordinary seasons we can figure that a thorough application of limo- sulphur solution to the leaves and fruit will only protect them from at - 'keel: nor two weel.s; tinea Lae wee- titter ea- titte °in dry its effects may last for three or four weeks. From this, it can be seen that in order to bold apple scab (pear scab is a nearly rel - Back: on the Farm. They said, "Ton must be lonely back here upon the fermi" 1 looked at them in wonder, and 1 wonder at it still; They did not know the mountains with their :ever-waningchnnn, or the glory of the setting sun woe the western hill, There `1ir thefine old homestead,' girt roundwith orchard trees, No queen upon her royal throne was happier than 1; The gardens with their singing birds and houeygathering bees -Were little plots of paradise roofed by a summer sky. The herdstnat=grazed the pastures, the white geese by the brook, The social chat of hens and ducks, the old dog, shepherd -wise, All these, the guardians of the farm; and everywhere we'd look The miracles of nature unfolding to our eyes. character, the swelling occurring at The children trudging off to school, the poll or nape of the neck and from the good man in the field, The evening hour around the hearth —all there, and safe from harm. tura the pages of the book, so many chapters sealed, And know We gave me of its best back there upon the farm. there slightly forward toward the forelock. In both conditions an abscess results from bruising,' and the pus burrows, forming pipes and pockets, and tissues, especially cartilage, be - coxae diseased or dead. Poll evil is generally caused by the aminal throwing up its head and strik- ing the poll upon a low beam, rafter, Shaded Rhubarb Was Best. branch of a tree, or other object. Oc- casionally a case is caused by a tight I once found some rhubarb, growing halter or bridle strap, or by infection in a shady place. When I cooked some of it I thought I had discovered the finest variety of rhubarb in the world. I took up the roots, set them in my garden, and gave them good cultivation in the full sunshine. When I cooked some of the stalks, I found. they made sour and unpleasant sauce. Since then I have been a firm believer ,in growing rhubarb in the shade. 'ley shading a few plants, at least, this season, and see what an improvement it makes in the quality. And so let us be cheerful, without regret for the past. With content- ment in the present, and with strong hope for the future.. Welfare of the Home Are We Giving the Child a Square Deal? The intelligence of a community is when he said that if Great„ Britain had being judged largely by the cons sera been caring for the health of her peo- tion that it is giving to infant and pie for the past twenty-five years as ^child welfare. This may be accepted she should have been, she would have .as a true ander of our capability to had over a million more men to put judge of the relative values of na- in the field, and the war would have tional assets. Whether we were pre- been over months before it was. pared to accept it or not, the war that Fortunately, there is' evidence of an a en g of a wound. Fistula of the withers is caused by bruising upon a hard ob- ject when the horse rolls, or lies down in the stall; or may be caused by irritation from a badly fitting collar, or swaying of the wagon pole, or from a blow or kick. It is a fine practice to let every hard -worked farm horse have a roll on grass after the harness has been removed in the evening., and if it can be allowed at noontime so much the better. Carefully examine the place eniere the horses . are to roll and re- move every hard object that might bruise the withers. If cases of fistula or poll evil have been prevalent a careful search should be made -for the sled disease and the following holds object that caused the bruises. On true with it eine) in check we should one farm we found that horses were make the first application as soon as hitting their heads on a big, horizontal any green growth shows on the trees, branch of an oak tree under • which and repeat every two or three weeks they had to pass on their way to pas- By LESTER J. MEREDITH. up to the first,or even the middle of ture. The path was narrow at that August in wet summers. point and the horses, in squeezing One of the most serious problems` hind some big red barn where you hat is known as the "pre -pink" through, sometimes reared and hit the with which the farmer must contend keep your prize cattle or is it near spray,or early cluster -bud, should not branch. See to it, also, that the har- is that of securing and keeping effi-the hog yards? Is there any ground be oitted. t se one gallon of lime- nese is so adjusted and so free' from cient hired help. Every advance in " about it to provide a garden or flow- , sulphur to forty gallons of water, and sharp or rough points that it does agriculture, every labor-saving ma- ers? Even Iiired mens wives love repeat in ten or twelve days if the not irritate, bruise or cut the top of chine means the use of better help on. flowers. A majority of men would be buds have not opened. Spray againthe neck orhead. the farm. Moreover, farming is a bet as soon as the fruit has set, and eon -When a horse has bruised its with- ter business, a cleaner business than tinue the applications on 'winter ap-ers or poll, retire it from work. Put it was. The old days of the rustic, pies until August first r even later. , on the bruised spot a cold, wet corn- o - no time should more than four press moistened with a lotion com- weeks elapse without spraying and it posed of two drams of sugar of lead should not be delayed more than two and half a pint of vinegar per quart or three ween�, in wet seasons. In of cold water. This is poisonous, so most, if not all Yf the applications, an care must be taken to keep the lotion arsenical should ee used. By fofowingg these suggestions and spraying the bees tiaoreughly, from ninety-five to niue.y-nine per cent. of the fruit will be free from apple scab ami worms. we have just passed through has tors- wak iu in all nations, especially en ed -upon us, the fact that man -power Great Britain and the United States. is the mvaluable aluable asset that'a ea- These nations have spent millions tion possesses. It -will require • probab- since the war began in Guild Welfare ly a quarter of a century to deteriilinel —amounts far in advance of what would have been entertained for one moment previous to the war. In fact, this is true to a greater or less degree of all nations. It may be interesting to our readers to know that some of the more enlightened communities are now spending nearly as much money on the care of the expectant mothers of our race as they are on the expect- ant Jersey cow and Berkshire sow, and our babies are fast falling in line in national importance with the young calves and the little pigs. `what nations have profited most by this war, inasmuch .as the destinies of all nations will then be for the most part placed in the hands of the boys and girls of to -day, The nations that are visualizing' this now will stand in the forefront a quarter of a century hence, • For the past few years we seem to have been vying with each other for first place as patriotic citizens. Have we been sincere? Are we consistent when we talk so much about patriot- ism? Patriotism has been defined as "devotion to the welfare and interest of one's country." As Bolingbroke said, "Patriotism must .be founded on great principles and supported by great virtues," Obviously, then, the nation that is most patriotic and the people who are most patriotic, are those who. are organizing best for the efficient physi- cal hysical and inental development or wel- fare of the most valuable asset the nation possesses, namely, the boys and girls, It seemed to require a devaste ating war such as we have passed through to impress on the nations of the world the significance of the re- mark made by one of Great Britain's greatest statesmen, that "Public health is the foundation of national strength and human happiness." The: Rt. Hon. David Lloyd. George practi- cally reiterated thislast August while advising the establishing of a Depart nment of Health for -Great Britain, Good Managers Attract Good Farm Help How To Make Spray Mixtures. Pour the dissolved copper sulphate alleged hay -seedy type of farmer and hired man have passed. The 1business ency of farm labor, farmer of to -day wants an educated, . Coupled with the , betterment of clean fellow who can 'see things and ' wort ing -and living conditions the knows ho* to do them. •••••firiildings and fields should be arrang- ed soas• to avoid lost motion and un- necessary hauling. It. is an easy mat- ter to save a vast amount of time during the year by giving these prob- lems a little study: The same holds good on all parts of the farm. Plan the Working Day:• . • It is business suicide for a farmer to employ labor without planning his work ao that each hour will add most n ane iy o to the net income of the farm. This bent Spencer once said; "The first re- quissite for any individual is that hel be a good animal." Professor Tait( McKenzie has said: "After the war Great Britain will become like a boatl in which there is no room for the man-` who cannot pull his own weight." Plainly, then, any nation is commit- ting suicide, that does not see to rt that the physical development of every child is kept in advance of the mental;: for the foundation of accomplishment, national or personal, must rest on the physical as well as the mental ability to accomplish what is attempted, and.' the nations that have vision to see and act on this will outdistance those that have not. Ever since the barbaric ages when infants were put•to death or sacrificed through superstition or delusions, down to recent date, promoters of Child Welfare have found themselves confronted at every turn with evidence of man's inhumanity to man, especial- ly through sins of omission or, shall we say, through cold indifference. R seems almost incredible that the eta. - tide of society towards the child could ever have been anything but tender_ It has taken over 1,994 years: of so- called. Christian civilization for na- tions to realize their obligations to the child. The awakening first oe- curred in a national way in connection with the development of the child's mind. Consequently, under the Tru- ancy Act, which has been in force since 1891, it was made coinpulsor•y for every child to attend school until fourteen years of age. This was an excellent move, but in making it it was not recognized that a pre-requi- site for a good citizen is a sound mind Any dealer will demon - Galton, a sound body. strafe the AutoStropRazor Galton, in his study of distinguished' men of science, in England, found that to you, guarantee satisfac- of those who had attained great tion, or refund of purchase eminence, 95 per cent. were men of price. unusual energy and were the children of parents noted for 'their energy. Physical growth, then, seems to be complete with strop and twelve both a sign of mental growth and a blades in an attractive assort - condition essential to mental power. went of cases to suit any pur- "The clay cottage," as Locke design- pees. ated our bodies, is more than a mere willing to live where they would not shelter for the .mind; it must aleo act as a support and an instrument of the . AutoStropSafety Razor C!o., emcee want to take their families. Let us mind. In other words, a sound body Acto -yap neo line, Toronto, cantle eat have more cottage homes for our men is essential as a safe dwelling place and help to raise the plane of office- fora sound, and developed mind. Her-" 6 , a%' >r•. ;':l' AutoStrop Razor -sI a peva itself XPERIEN'CE Shows T that only a sharp blade cangive a perfect shave, also that a blade cannot remain sharp with- out stropping. Couple these facts with the further fact that the AutoStrop Razor is the only safety razor that sharpens itself, and you will be in no doubt as to which safety razor to use. Only $5.00 away from persons anis animals. In The efficient management of farm very hot weather, when water can not labor is largely a matter of: studying be kept cold, use a lotion composed of human nature. Some men know too ane ounce each of powdered saltpeter lunch and some men know too little. and chloride of ammonia per quart of Itis difficult for one to secure a well - and fellow who will 'do his work water. This makes a cooling lotion which stays cold, and which will be promptly and efficiently. Besides, men found ubeful in treating all hot and vary so much in ' temperament, painful bruises or sprains. strength, and the ability to do certain If pus forms, and that is indicated kinds of work that one must make a y 1 . lt•, t end the mil':- of bine into the sprayer Try heat and pain persistent in the care ul study of sac i m� or point g net income is made up •of cash 'profits i 1 tank, t t' get him working under conditions and tank, or into �, :supply ar: � the swelling, and by softening sans. time. Adel ienough water to ing at one part, it must be liberated surroundings that will bring out the `and direct benefits. The ,food for the 'xrn- a s^fi ty gs :.one. by lancing. The operator should lay best that there is in him. One of the torts of theamily ifamil on the and rmode n the con- s z i best hired men I ever had on my farm y f con - For Bordeaux. -G-Fa4 use six pounds open every pipe and pocket to secure proved an utter failure for the first veniences, permanent improvements, o. lime instead. of four free drainage.one inSuch cutting may safe few weeks, because he had a natural and so forth, should all ::'De teken into To agar c '1` -be l::n•sulpliur 8- ly be done in the region of the •with- dislike for dairy cat $-50, u e eight pounds of unslaked ers, but lancing at the seat of the poll lime, eight pseuds of flowers of sur- evil is a dangerous business and should man who had charge of the team work niter, fifty chins of water. Place be done only by a trained expert. The was taken ill, which necessitated a the lime. .:n a barrel and add almost surgeon also will cut away all dead change in the working force. 1 hired enough wnser to eater the lime. When and diseased cartilage, or other tissue, a new man for the dairy barn and put the lime Leanne ne to slake add the sur- swab the wound with tincture of Tom in charge of the team work and ork. I never hada man who tie. Osie day the account' in figuring the profits from farm labor. A- careful study of the class of amen employed on farms shows that the most efficient men are found ' on the best farms, and the less, effi- cient on the poorer fares. This es, undoubtedly due to the fact that the tiurwhen sh u1d ee made into a. iodine, and then pack the cavities full h d t13 knack of, keeping things go best farms Loom the viewpoint of the pasta l a n.i..ii,,, it with water. Stir of antiseptic gauze saturated with an thl n the freld~ The hired glen are ,.hose where a system the cooking mixture and add water as neened to keep it in the form of a thick paste, which should become thin- ner as the mixture eooks. In ten or fifteen minutes the heat from the slaking lime will cook the mixture and enough cold water should be added to make fifty gallons. This is the stand. aransuBEAT• ray for peaches. antiseptic and stimulating solution. ing s° snroo y i • - Among new treatments for such cases long and straight furrows and corn is the filling of the cavities with bis- rows excited the admiration of people. muth paste or packing them with con- who passed the farm. The change centrated lye, after applying lard or from dairy work to team work made a' vaseline very freely to .the surround- loyal and contented man out of one ing skin. Veterinarians also give hypodermic treatment with serum or a bacterin. As waren weather approaches watch for the large head lice which some- times infest flocks of young chicks, especially those brooded with hens. Place a bit of lard on the head of each other sounds from the home of the chick and . rub it in thoroughly. Do new man: this on a cloudy day. It will usually "Aha! New lords, new laws!" they kill all the head lice and the chicks will almost immediately seem more lively and grow mare rapidly. Soaked oats ere a good feed for the breeding stock in the spring. They are less fattening than,a heavy corn ration and it always pays to decrease the corn as the days become longer and the birds gather more feed on the range. The oats can be placed in gal- vanized water pails and soaked over night in warm water or even in water as it comes from the. well.Some poul- trymen boil the oats and like them better for poultry feed than oats soak- ed in cold water. At the present price of hardware it pays to mend up all the pails and sail- itary water fountains rather than dis- card them because of small leaks. A dello 'invested with the tinner will 'often rejuvenate quite a little equip - Mont. And a dollar does Vet bey much new equipment at the present prices. A fop Iittle drains installed here 'A New Barn Started Them. A new. man moved into our neigh- borhood. It was the spring of the year when, most folks were not very busy—waiting for "the frost to get out," It was riot long, however, be- fore the neighbors heard pounding and laughed and strolled up to see what was going on. The old barnewas re- .ceiving a transformation that made it the pride of the neighborhood; the old house jumped up a foot and a half to a new wall; other improve- ments took place all round the place, untilpeople wondered where it was going to end. It will be a long time before the returns .are all in, .for the rest of the people •are doing • things, , too. Old barns are being overhauled And inade more comfortable the houses. which were weatherbeaten and grey are taking on brighter' colors;. old hedge rows are being dug up and. fences are being trade betto . Par tures that- never felt the loon of a pure-bred cow now are beginning to feel a good many. One fault of ready-to-wear clothes is that there is never a piece left for mending. In case of wool goods, match the shade do a woollen dress of stock farming furnishes steady work during the whole year. It is this feature of •stock fainting that has never been given due appreciation by the grain farmer who holds up the who had been a failure at first. I have `' -old argument that gelosis farming re - had many such cases and, though I am: 'quires too great an expenditure for living on the farm myself and take Hired labor. On the other hand, the the lead in much of'the work, I always' stock fanner can raise grain at less try to have each man satisfied with his work and proportion it so that each man. will know just what he is expected to do and not attempt to put his share over on the other men. Some' men will work well by themselves but are not much good when put with two or three .others. All of these traits of character must be studied and the work so proportioned that each man may do his best and be loyal and con- tented. Improve Working Conditions. •Farm labor is just about what we make it and before it will be in a fair way to be put on a better basis the working conditions on farms must be improved. Experts tell us how manu- facturers have increased the .efficiency of their men by providing more fav- orable conditions, eliminating lost motion and shortening the . working hours. It would seen that fatmers should profit by a study of these prob- lems and do everything possible to encourage better men to work on farms.. About the first thing to do is to provide work the year round and get married men and their families' into comfortable cottage homes. Many people Wonder why laboring men go to the city when : they are needed iii the country. Where, let me ask, would tt.ey go? Have you a pleasant tenant house on your farm? If you have one at all, what is it like? Is it as good as one of the muslin-fronthen-houses? scud thews often save a Initeh. 4larger braid, and from the braid pull threads pocket -hook, with w- tell to am per bushel than the grain farmer, because of the increased fertility of his land and the .more efficient organ- ization of his men and teams. The careful study .of the. relative' conditions surrounding the..inan who has steady. wort.- during the year, and who lives with his family .on the farm, shows that he soon 'becomes a permanent fixture on the farrn,..understands-the- methods of crop growing and stock feeding, and• so is able to 'save his` employer many dollars in. the ease with which he can do the work there is to be done. The varied demands of labor on the farm present a different,problem`from the management of `labor in the fee - toy. To further add to the :problem, there are unfavorable seasons and.un- expected factors to contend against. Therefore, any system that. will -die- tribute the labor continuously over the year and furnish the help with the right ainot.nt of workat the right time and give the owner means of planning against `these unusal: factors is a de- sirable one., Different crops. require attention at different seasons . and live stock calls for; the most attention :when crops require the leasteley"•an intelli- gent crop growing system -and the se; lection of live stock which will fit in with it, the labor.problem is greatly. simpplified. Many , scientific farmers' have failed because. they 'have disre garded this 'important problem of the most. efficient management 'of •. farm COLTDISTEMPER Pon can .prevent this loa•thsouie disease frann runetni. through your stable and cure all the calls surterinr with it when you begin the treatment. No matter bow young. ixPOSn's 51107►nx-Siem^ cos r'0TI-ND is sate to use an a.nY colt. 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