HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Exeter Advocate, 1920-2-12, Page 3CANADA IS BUILDING A GIANT FENCE BE-
TWEEN ALBERTA AND BRITISH NABL
Far seven years a hard piece of
back -lot forming has been going on in
the Canadian Northwest and the clod
of it is still several years off. Just
such a piece of work was never under-
taken before by any fence builders,
kind of country and method of opera-
tion considered, and when it is fully
completed a *Ord will have been e
tablished.
It isa fence litre-'--ilartly visibl
like any good fame fence, and partl
invisible, like the equator-betwee
the provinces of Alberta and Brit's
Columbia, and its purpose is simpl
to mark off where each of these p
vinces begins and ends. To do tha
however, involves an altogether uniqu
and exceptional layout, for the 30
tulles qr more of interprovincial bou
Bary runs aver mounta'ns and int
long stretches of bush cowl* an
through deep wilderness woods, efher
any kind of a line is hard runnin
But the three governments, Dominic
and two provincial, said to do it, an
it is being clone.
Purposes of Administration,
The neighbor provinces have neve
known precisely where the dividin
line between them is or ought to be
AB by law provided, the boundary fo
lows the Rooky Mountains and th
120th meridian, which Is a (suite suf
Aoient definition fur school mains an
guide books, but not for purposes a
administration. An official interpre
Wien of the boundary terms in 19.1
made the watershed line of the moun-
tains from south to north the real die
vision, and in order to ascertain the
loeation of such a line a full and
thorough survey of the iuterprovineial
border was undertaken in that. same
year.
Where nulling water along the
mountain ridges divided, flowing on
elle side toward the Pacific Ocean and
en the other side toward the Aretig or
the Galt of Mexico, was thus to be the
imaginary fence line through the hill
country, and an actual line was'to be
marked where possible, as in the
wooded belts. These were the orders
given the Wee makers, the carrying
out of which is proving to be a task
it such unusual kind and proportions.
The reason for it all is that Inoreas-
ing settlement and development in
parts of the border country make it
necessary to know which province bas
administration rights at any particular
point. Confusion has at times arisen
over mining claims and farming Iands,
which could not be accurately located,
all existing maps showiug, errors (of
sometimes two or three miles on one
side or the other, To. avoid further
trouble on this score:the entire boun-
dary line, even across the mountains,
is now being determined. There is to
be no more uncertainty about these
neighbors' lots,
The work began in the summer of
1913, a general plan of operations and
an equal division of costs having been
agreed upon by the three govern-
ments.
overn
ments. Boundary commissioners were
appointed in the persons of three ex-
perienced surveyors, who undertook
first to mark the border line through
the• passes, following approximately
the watershed, and then to carry it be-
yond the passes, over the hills and in-
to the wilds; by photo -topographical
surveys.
Concrete Monoliths.
Open to the Sky.
In the timber d sections of tineboun-
dary which are many and long, tb.e
finding of the watershed and the erec-
tion of tnouutnents are almost dwarf-
ed in point of physical effort by the
work a, cutting lines through the
woods to connect up the monuments.
s- These lines are cut so as to give a
clear opening to the sky of six feet,
e, which means a width of about four -
Y teen feet on the ground, half on either
n side of the border, In many places
h there are miles 'upon miles of such
Y forest vistas, for the cutting of which
pr
the survey party mutt always include
t, experienced axemen,
e
0
5
o ,are selected at the summits oftthe
d peaks or et other heights where com-
e mantling views may be bad and to
g. these high place, camera and transit
n theodolite are carried, the climbing
d not infrequently involving some hard
adventuring. The purpose is both to
establish bouudary monuments across
the heights and to make topographi-
c Cal surveys extending a few miles on
g each side of the bou;ldary, Precision
itt this work is secured by a process
1- of triangulation, which explains why
e, transit outfit is taken even en the
c hardest climbs.
Beyond the passes the watershed
line along the main ridge is delineated
photo -topographically. Vantage points
'Mountain top monunteuts are rock
calves built up for identification purer
poses at the points selected for the
3 survey. There is always abundant
material for cairn building, and mono:
meeting of this kind is done stare
quickly than that below. But the
main feature of the work on the sum-
mits is the photographing of a series
of views in directions to either side
established by the use of the transit,
When these photographs in due course
are developed and printed they give
the contours of the whole sgrroanding
area and from them are prepared con-
tour ,naps that will farm part of the
permanent boundary records.
Settled For All Time.
There will thus be a means of as-
certaining at any future time the ex-
act location of the Interprovincial
boundary. The maps, compiled from
the survey data and printed at Ottawa
for just such use, will show the na-
tural watershed line along the moun-
tain range, as photo -topographically
defined, and in the passes a series of
straight lines only approximately fol-
lowing the watershed, but clearly and
definitely marked out. For the hill-
top border line, 'that is' to say, one
will have to consult the map, which is
drawn with due regtrd to the stale of
previous towndliip surveys, .and for
that on the lower levels there are
half -mile monuments and skyline cut-
tings through the woods that anyone
may see.
Though the work of border • fence
making is hard and the country some-
times desperately, rough, surprisingly
accurate results have been obtained.
by the Boundary Commission, Com-
plete field notes are taken at every
nage of the work and the preliminary
calculations and observations, when
the first attempt is made to find the
line, are carefully checked up in the
final surveys, records of whichsare re-
gistered with the three governments.
A degree of precision not attainable
in any other way is thus assured and
Alberta and British Columbia will pre-
sently be able to distinguish their re-
spective properties all the way from
South to North with certainty and
.definiteness.
It is the stiffest piece of fencing
yet undertaken in Canada, but per-
sistence and genius are seeing it
through. When it has been ,ail done
the survey maps will be ratified in
Parliament and the boundary thus
marked out will he officially adopted
as the dividing line between the two
provinces.
te-
Be-rnstorf's`Name on List
Of German War Criminals
The border line in the passes is es-
tablished by a series of straight lines
which approximate the true position
of the watershed. Concrete monu-
ments are built at favorable points on
the 'watershed, and the lines between
them are the boundary, care being
taken so to place these monnments as
to equalize, as nearly as possible, the
area of land that the connecting lines
may cut off. •
Placing monuments on -a boundary
line corresponds to setting posts . for
a fence. It is considered a most im-
portant part of the work and is carried
out with great thoroughness under ex-
traordinary difficulties. i The monu-
ments are concrete monoliths three
feet high above the surface and 2,700
pounds do weight, built solidly into the
ground, not more than half a mile
apart and each visible from the next
nearest ones Brass name plates, bear -
in; numbers
earin;"numbers and letters by 'whieh the
respective passes have been desig-
nated, are bolted to 'each Monument,
one on the Alberta side and one on
the British Columbits side. The boun-
dary fence posits, : thus placed acid
named, are there to stay.
A despatch from Berlin says: -One
of the most surprised men in- Berlin
was Count yon .Bernstorif, ,, former
,Ambassador td" the United Statesa,.
who, it is said, is desired by the Allies
for his alleged connection with Bolo
Pasha. The .Count, despite his 'sur-
prise, declared that he was not afraid
to face trial. He added' that he was
ready to go, if wanted, and that he
Wright even put the .Allies'in a quand-
ary if they attempted to:prosecute P
him. e
NIAGARA DECKED IN WINTER GARB.
The exceptionally cold weather this winter has made the scenery
around Niagara Falls a fairyland of c rystal. This 'slew shows two tourists .
clad in oilskins at the foot of the in line railway on the American side,
where everything Is coated with see.
U.S'a:d,T.: IJ.F Ifl.O. i e1 ti!'al tai?:%cess. ' Y.i'C, :.:i'?: () 'onre
that rettialu to be seen. hut the,• out -
It has-been suggested that the
articles be more "historic" and ed
cative in character than seine of tit
previous ones have been. We shall
therefore. begin at the beginning
some fifteen years ago,
Those seven discouraged farms
who met in the little town -as it wva
then --of Indian Head, Saskatchewan
had not the faintest idea that tate„
were malting an historic move. They
were 'utterly disccureged, and me.
simply to consider this question
"Shall we go back to Ontario beaten
or shall we fight this 'natter out?"
They decided to stay and fight
Fight what? The elevator trust, that
absolutely controlled the wheat, thei
sole dependence. This trust paid wha
look is fair.
u, But why do thstse Farmer C)rg t z:t-
Mons lay emelt, st f ws luIPM ( -:spew',:•
ticn? lehl,t is ihr•ir intim; to td:n?
-shnisly this: That the farmer ehail
eartrol hie ewe haus'' ,sas every
farmer
ether ,rent ser controls hl;
• "Whet do you far_eeis want to Cr-
gani ,€s for?" her gme cr asked a i''rin
• friend of mi e, In ansv ct It nil:
"Here are ten dczea fie'h la i!l r�,,qz
t that basket." Of. ' course he cc.r, t: l
them. ''hen she `nought, among ether
Weekly Market Report
Bre idstuffs. tins, 25e; buckwheat, .60 -ib, tins 18 ttW'
Toronto, Feb, 10. --Manitoba wheat! 20e; comb, 16 -os., $6.00 to $40 doo.;"
--No. 1 Northern, 2.80; No. 2 North- ! 10 -oz-, $4.25 to $4.50 do
ern, $2.77; No, 3 Northern, $x.73, in, Maple products -Syrup, per impel
store Fort Wfiliam:
144 gal;, $4.25; per 5 imperial' ga1tk;.
Manitoba oats- No. 2 C.W., 92%c; $4.00; sugar, lb., 29 to 30e,
Na. 3 C.W., 90%e; extra. No. 1 feed':
90%c; No. 1 feed, 871, c No. 2 feed;1 Provisions -Wholesale.
85 1-3c, in store Fort Vi lliam, 1 Smoked meats --Slams, medium, 84
Manitoba barley -No. 3 C.W., F to 86c; do„ heavy, 29 to 80e; coo !
$1,70%; No, 4 C.W., $1,40 tic, in store 47 to 50e; rots, 30 to 81e; breaI as
Fort William. i bacon 40 to 44e; basks, plain, 49 for
American corns -Na. 8' yellow,`$1,91;' 51e; boneless-, 53 to 55e.
No. 4 yellow, $1.88, track Toronto; I Cured meats -Lon clear bacon, 81
prompt shipment. 10 32e; cl ear bellies, '0 to 81e.
Ontario oats- No. 3 white, 98e to; Lard -Pure, tierces, 31 to 311, e;
$1.00, according to freights outside, i tubs, 314, to 32e;',ails, 31% to 321/ac;
Ontario wheat -No. 1 Winter, per : prints, 32 to 3214e, Compound
ear lot, $2,00 to $2,01; No. 2 do,, $1.97: tierces, 283 to 29e. tubs, 29 to 29' c
to $2.03; No. 8 do, $1.93 to $1,94," pails, 2'9M. to 29f'�e; prints, 80r% to
f.o.b. shipping points, according to 31c,
freights. 1.
Ontario wheat "n, 1 Spn:ng, $2.02, Montreal Markets.
to $2.03; No. 2 Sprio„', $1.98 to $2.05; Montreal, Feb. 1(1 -Flour -Kant.
No. 3 Spring, $1.95 to $2.01, f.o.b. i tuba, new standard. grade, $13.25 to
shipping points according to freights-, $12,50. Boiled •oats -Bags, 90 !lbs,,
Peas -No. 2, $3.00, ` $5.25. Bran -$45.25, Shorts et$s5, 2.25.
Barley -Malting, $1.80 to $.1.82,, Hay hia. 2, per ton, carlots, $20.
according to freights outside. tCheese-Finest Easterns, 30 to
Buckwheat -$1.45 to $1.48. ,a.+e-' 30:zc, Butter -Choicest creamery",
cording to freights outside, " f,6c to 65i c- do- seconds, 55e to 60
Rye ---No, 3, $1.77 to $1.80, ac- Eggs -Fresh, 7b;, to 8Oc; do, select ,
cording to freights outside. :60e to 62e; de. No. 1 stock, 50e to 52c.
Manitoba flour -Government stan- Potatoes -Per bag, earlots, .50 to
dard, $13.2;,, Toronto. S4. pressed frogs --»Abattoir lriiled,
Ontario flour -Government start...$25 to $2i,. Larda_Pure, woo' pails,
dard, $10.80 to $11,00, Montreal: 20 lbs., net, 29e to 301k,e,
$11.00 in Toronto, ,in jute bags..
Prompt silipinent, Live Stack Markets,
Millfeed re Car lots - . Delitwcred' Toronto, Feb. 10. ---Choice heavy
Montreal freixht, bags included--, steer;,, $13,75 to $$14.75; good heavy
Bran, per Ten, 845; shorts, per ton, steers,$ ,
;. T:frXtat1 fried fle.Ir, $8•f0 to $1.75. $12,50 to 13; butchers' cattle
art !^- • o, 1, per ton, »a�»7 to $.i8; choice, $LL2 to $nmdi; the., good;
�- $11 to $11.4; do., medium, $9,%50 to
mixed, oer ton e, o, track f'oreseto,
.
Strew -Car lots, per tet, $10 to $alis dello comme. on,
50 25 to to $11. $ r cio :
.,fid t Grace, Terceto. , r , ,
medium, $9,50 to x,10; do,, Tough,
., "` c ,� $6.75 to :; 7.00; hatcher cows, ehoi'ee,
G,s;'ntry x re lute 1, holes -ale. $10.x:0 to $11; do„ goad. $9.50 to $10;
Butter ---Dalry, tris and rolls, 1 do., medium, $8 to $8.50; do., common,
to •4.; prints, 48 to :,0e. Creamer,:, $7 to $7,25; stockers, $7,50 to $10
frceh =vie solids, f:0 to Ole"; prints, feeders, $10 to til; canners and cut-
e! to 63c. ters, $ .25 to 10.60; milkers, good to
Egg -e -Held, 54 to 55e; new 'itehl, shaiee, $110 to 5.165; do., comuton
72 to 731. # and medium, $05 to $+5; springers,
L r e;.�.' l roultry--.Spring ..hi°ekens, 890 to $105; sheep, $6.50 to $11;
3'2 to 35c; ..'..,osters, 25e; fowl, 25 to lambs, per cwt., $14 to $19; .calves,
34e; geees, '28 to 30c; ducklings, 22 to good to choice. $18 to $21; hogs, fed
`:p :; tura ey a, 45 to 50e; squabs, �(!az., and watered, $19,50; 'da„ weighed off
$4,50.
x
•cars $19,75- do. f.o.b. $18.50; do.,
9 t
Lts,e peu,tr •---Snring chickens, 20 do., to farmers,' $18,'26,
tr!ix'A,$, (,ltd fl(1Z4":r d3x fi gfi•, t - to 2 roosters, 20c; fowl, 2a to 322;
twisted. : 1 it inttr, the htg , rand t,+a iia;, :vest, 22 to i30 .., du;klings, `2`2c, torr- Montreal, Feb. 10, ---Butcher steers,
M friend
cacou tioh tsw;:;.d..l :keys. 27 to 40. `medium, $10.75 to $11,75; common,
• oa angel out iiia;' counted th,-rn.: Cheese -New, large, 31tte to 32c; $8 to $10.550; butcher heifers, medium,
✓ "What's the nl freer ht; :h•litti i vsiw, 32 to 32,se, triplets, 33 to $9,50 to '$10.75; nommen $7.50 to
t "Weren't there a dr'saa oraeses, ;' '��' es; Stilton, 34 to 35e; old, large, $9.50; butcher cows, medium, $7 to
it pleased, took the wheat when it
pleased, graded it at will, and tie
fanners could not get car; to ship en
their own account. They were Hee
hand and foot.
They went to Ottawa, The Railway
Commission said they must have the
Cars. They got them, but in a place
where they could not drive to then.
Three trips to Ottawa were made be-
fore it•was possible for the Notth-
West farmer to market his own grain.
Out of that Iittle meeting of serest
-the Greeks called s oven the com-
plete number --has grown the greatest
organization on the continent, the
Grain -Growers of -the West, through
whose hands passed the grain that the
Allies bought during the great wear,
and 'whose bininess the past year
totalled $300,000,000.
It is a great concern -co-operative,
which means that there can be no
wate-i d stock, and no'profit exceed-
ing 7% on the -stock held can be :rade.
It is to the help of this organization
that the Ontario Co -Operative Com-
pany owes its existence.
The'C.F,O. recently held its seventh
annual convention.
Seven years ago the Grange, which
at one time bicl fair to become' in-
fluential, had dwindled to an - insignifi-
cant handful. But some. of , its mem-
bers realized that it failed because it
did not attempt enough -its aims were
too superficial. One of then', quaran-
tined for small -pox, thought out the
U.F.O. nonstitution, and when the
quarantine lifted called a°'little meet-
ing of four teen. They approved the
plan and the U.F.O. was launched.
Later three more joined them. One of
the mm,, furnished some money, all of
them worked, and inch by inch they
gained ground. , The Grain -Growers of
the West furnished $1,000; that help-
ed over the hardest place. Their first
big venture was . a few tons of twine
from Ireland. That succeeded, and
last year's report said a ;business of
$3,000,000 had been transacted.
In the West, and Ontario as well,.
the.men who planned the organization
havehad their reward. So far the
Western people have had their Vest -
est success, a commercial success,
We of Ontario, just as unexpectedly,
erhaps even more so than they, have
thieved the first reaLy big • result in
What's the tuntter." ; 13' retorted.„Weren't there ton dezea eggs+n-1
as a queer Icok sprea'i over tit.,
grocer's face she continue,l:. "Yen.
ask why we farmers aro organizing.
'1 want to know wiry our gren,,f,ather;
3;tz to 34c; do,, twins, 34 to 3434c. $9,50; canners, $5.50; cutters, $5.76
ll; ans-Canad;an, hand-picked, bu-' to $6.50; butcher bulls, common, $7
.l -'c 1. S.5 "5 to $5.75; primes, 34,25 to to $9.50. Good veal, $17 to $19; rne-
l 5; ''anatac. :5.50 to $5,75; Cali- dium, $15 to $17; grass, $7.50 to
forrie l-•'.mas. 1735 to 183 c; Madagas 38.50. Ewes, $9 to 312; lambs, good,
.ar Limas, ;b., 15c; Japan Limas, Ib,, 816.50; common, $15,50 to $16.60.
11e.
Man t organize. Hero we are. the only
people on earth who neither count,
weigh, Ineasure, grade, or v.ihx', o:'.s'
siugle thing that we either buy or sell,
and yen, a bus ue s man, nee tine why
we organize!" "Well; by Jove! I
never thought of it in that light," was
all the replyishe got,
We are not antagonistic to city or
town. The country towns depend ab-
solutely upon the prosperity of the
surrounding country for their pros-
perity, But more of this anon.
-Margery 'Mills.
Giving the *Totals
• For War Honors
A despatch from London says: -
War honors published this week, Can-
adian, names of which have already
bean - cabled, constitute the final
awards in respeet of theatres of war
where hostilities ceased at the sign-
ing of the armistice. The honors
awarded were as follows:
Victoria Cross, 578; C.M.G., 2,136;
D.S.O., 8,970, and M.C., 37,018.
The total number' of officers and
men •serving was approximately six
million, and the total honors were
• Hogs, off car weights, selects, $20,50
Ho, 3•--i47xti a :ted clover; 51b. tins, • to $21; bights, $18.50 to X$21; sows.;
27 to 174; 10-1b, tins, 25 to 26c 60-1b. $17.
25,CCO U.S. Farmers
Entered Canada in 1919
A despatch from Ottawa says: -
More than•25,000 persons of the farm-
ing class emigrated to Canada from
the United States in 1919, according
• to government reports. The United
States furnished 52,064 persons --
nearly half of the Dominion's total
immigration. They brought with
them cash and effects valued at ;18,-
410,406.
Total immigration for tete year was
117,633, an increase of 134 per cent.
over 1918. The British Islands fur-
nished 57,251 immigrants.
Near Nine Millon
People in Canada
A despatch from Ottawa says: -
Canada's population is estimated by.
the Census Branch of the Trade and
Commerce Department at 8,835,102..
The Census Branch has based its
estimate for the year 1919 on the
254,158. known increases ,in population as
In No Hurry to Surrender.
A despal h from Berlin says:
Berlin ,is agog with gossip. Every-
body is eagerly speculating as to whe-
ther those named will surrender them-
selves voluntarily or wait to see whe-
ther the Government can be forced
to arrest' them. Interest in the ex-
Kaiser'•s fate, which was never more
than lukewarm, is completely eclipsed
by the {interest in the fate of military
leaders.
"The. life of -a husbandman of all
others, is the most delectable, and
has ever been the most favorite occu-
pation of my life." -George Wash-
ington.
shown by the census . of 1901 and
1911. Such calculations have in the
past proved to be approximately cor-'
rect.
ONTARIO HOUSE
OPENS MARCH 9
; Fifteenth Legislature Promises
to be a Notable One.
A despatch from Toronto says: -c•
Tuesday, March 9, has' been definitely
decided upon by the Ontario Govern-
ment as the date for the opening of
the Legislature, according toan an:
nouncement by Premier E. C. Drury.
1Between now and that date the one
big task at the Parliament Buildings
will be to get the machinery oiled
and everything in readiness for what
will be the first session of the fife
teenth Legislature, and which prom,
ises to be a notable+ one.
That there is much to be done be-,
fore the second Tuesday in Marsh is
agreed on all sides. The Govern-
ment intends concentrating at this,
its first session,' on imps,y�mmg legis-
lation dealing with educafaon, good
roads, reforestation and fire protec-
tion. While the good roads policy
has been elucidated in considerable
During his active career as a pro-
fessional pianist, Paderewski, the
present Premier of Poland, could play
from memorymore than 500 compo-
sitions.
Sonie plants do not do well in glaz-
ed china pots. These pots are not
porous and, although they have, a'
drainage hole `in the bottom,.the soil
does not dry out quickly, and some
plants will not stand sal that is con-
stantly wet. Usually shifting these'
subjects to the ordinary porous clay
pots used b florists,and keeping
1
YP gi
them somewhat warmer�"for a short
time, will revive and save them.
•
, proposed changes to the oder
cation and reforestation and fire pro-
tection laws have not been outlined
except in a general way, and the bills
will have to be drafted by the Govern-
ment and its legal advisers.
Then, too, the Government will have
to prepare the way for hninging in
legislation to carry out certain
'changes in the Civil Service adminis-
tration, that have been foreshadowed
,i r'
in add�resse�s wwlsncli the Ministers have
'made in recent weeks. A pension bill
to enable many long;servioe employ,.
ees to retire is receiving the consider-
ation of the Government, and will
likely be introguced. The estimates
will also have to be gone over.
A man needs all his religion when
he undertakes,to teach a eaif to drink.
from a bucket.,
BRINGING UP FATHER.
osh-I T s.
THAT?'
THE DCCTtela SENT THIS BASKET
DF FRUIT TO YOU.- HE SAID ITS
400D :1 RYOU-'MY-THIS
APPLE IS DEL ICIOU-
I•C.rAVE A Coupt.E`
OFPEARs TO
1 1'IS� JONES -
ON, 1 MUST
EAT ANOTHER
ORANc E- I'LL . `-•
GIVE' THE HALL
BOY AN APPLE-
coto
4kAisailizart
BY cDLLY-T14 M'C,RAPES IS
OoD;GEE THEY'RE ALL GONE
• JUST oNE. APPLE LEFT-Wtee-
I'LL EAT THAT -
YOU ARE LOOKIN C, BETTER- THAT
FRUIT SENT YOU 13 DOING YoU
A WORLD ot=