HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Exeter Advocate, 1920-2-5, Page 3Address communications to Agronomist, 73 Adelaide St West,'T`oronto
The Flock at Lambing Time. j their mothers and allowed. only 'a lit -
Plan farm work so the shepherd I tie milk, A tablespoonful of milk of
can keep a close watch over the flocks magnesia will help cure the trouble.
day and night. Keep ewes about -WI Milk the udder out before letting a
lamb away from other stock, and ire lamb nurse.
separate pens. Portable lambing pens Orphan lambs can be raised on
4 x 4 or 4 x 6 feet are good for the cow's milk. Until they are three
ewe until the lambs are three or found weeks old give each lamb one-half
days old. Close openings through: Pint at a feed, and feed four times
which lambs might creep and wander E a day. • •
away. 1 From the -time they are three weeks
After the lamb is born note wheel old until two months old, give one'
ther the ewe casts the afterbirth. If i pint at each feed and feed three times
she does not she should be washed" a,.day. At six weeks old the laamill begin to eat grain. After they Will
out daily with liquid stock dip dilute! are two months old feed a quart of
ed one part to 100 parts of water. ilk night and morning and about a
Milk the ewe if the lamb does not take ! milk
pound of grain for each lamb at
all the milk, Give her all the water:
she wants, but not in too large quan- noon.
titles and not ice cold water, Give
grain sparingly: for a few days after How to Feed for Winter Eggs. •.
lambing. Let the ewe have clover Too many poultry raisers are feed -
or alfalfa hay and a little oats. ing too much grain and not enough
When the lamb is a week old the ewe green heed. In the first place, grain
must have more feed, and must have is too expensive and in the second
plenty from that time until there is place too much food element is burn-
an abundance of grass. ed up in reduoing it to a state of
When the ewes udder swells, keep digestibility.
it milked out and paint it twice a day I have obtained the best results so
with tincture of iodine until the far by the following feeding system:
swelling begins to go clown. There- The first feed in the morning con -
after, paint it once a clay. Lambs sists of whole oats thrown in the
should not be allowed to have milk litter. I use about one pound to every
from a swollen udder, since the milk twenty-five hens. At nine o'clock 1
is poisonous, Use milk from another L give- the fowls plenty of sprouted oats,
ewe or from a ow. which I produce in one of these
Sore teats should be washed with modern sprouting machines. It takes
a solution of sheep dip, one part to but three or four days to have sprouts
twenty-five parts of water. about an inch long. The greatest
A lamb too weak to stand should food value in sprouted oats is when
get a fill of its mother's milk as soon the sprouts are short. This supplies
as possible. If it refuses to nurse, the absolutely necessary green ele-
feed it from a bottle, ment in the ration.
One of the best ways to warm a At noon I feed a wet mash, com-
chilled lamb is to put all but its head posed of equal parts of cornmeal,
in a$ warm water as the elbow can ground oats and wheat bran to which
.bear, When the Iamb becomes Iively, is added one teaspoonful of salt to
rub it briskly with a coarse cloth until every six hens. Then I pour boiling
dry. Then feed at, wrap ail but its water over the mash, stirring it thor-
nose in a thick cloth or blanket and
put it away in a warm place to sleep.
Keep it away from its mother no
oughly, using about two pounds of
water to ono pound of mash. This
mash ip then left 'standing an hour
longer than absolutely necessary. before being fed. A good deal of the
When a ewe will not claim her moisture has evaporated and the boil-
ing water puts the mash in a fine
digestible condition.
In the middle of the afternoon I
again feed an ounce of sprouted oats
to each fowl. For the last feed in
the afternoon I provide for each
twenty-five hens two pounds of equal
parts cracked corn and buckwheat in
the litter.
Charcoal, grit and oystershell are
before the fowls at all times. Water
of a drinkable temperature is pro-
vided at all times with the help of a
fireless non-freezing drinking foun-
tain. Plenty of water and plenty of
green feed must be suppled .to the
hens if plenty of eggs are desired.
lamb rub on her nose and on the rump
of the disowned lamb some ,of the
ewe's milk.
To avoid navel ill in lambs dip the
navel cord in a cup of tincture of
iodine as soon as the larnb is horn.
For sore eyes put a drop of a six-
teen per cent solution of argyrol in
the eyes once a day. Do this with a
medicine dropper.
Frothing at the mouth is a sign of
acute indigestion in lambs. A table-
spoonful of castor-oil is a good rem-
edy.
White scours in lambs is caused by
digestive disorders. Lambs with this
trouble should be taken away from
Efficiency on the Farm.
Efficiency on the farm saves: 1.
Human labor. 2, Time, 3. Money—
by having:
Gas ;engine for pumping water for
the housewife, and for stock; ,for
grinding feed; for milking;, for separ-
ating the cream.
Houses for all farm machinery and
wagons.
Sanitary hog pens, houses and cow
barns.
All buildings painted when in need.
A silo,
There is no room on thef ace of the
earth for a poor hen. There is lots of
room in the earth, but none on top
of it.
Success with poultry is not so much
in getting a great quantity of eggs
as it is in selling those eggs profit-
ably. Seek the best market possible;
having found that market, stick to it.
Hens enjoy pumpkins. Cut 'the
pumpkins in halves or quarters. Give
to the flock and see how much is left
by night. Pumpkins are an excellent
food for hens. It is said that the
seeds have a particularly good effect
upon laying hens,
To keep off "cooties," I used to
paint my chicken roosts and egg
boxes with 'kerosene, but this year
I wrapped tar paper around the
roosts, tied it fast with string, and
Gut a piece of the' paper to fit the
bottom of the nests. I was not trou-
bled with lice the entire summer.
Tightly -built houses are too warm,
and are likely to become damp. If
moisture collects on the walls, or if
the house smells damp, there is not
enough ventilation. In that case a
window or a door should be left open:
There is little danger of freezing the
hens by giving them a little air; if
the air is dry and their bloat is in
good condition, they are able to keep,
„warm.
After harvesting our grain we rake
together that, which has dropped and
would otherwise be wasted, and place
It on a platform that we burnt in the
barn. The bottom of the platform'
is not tight. Hens that scratch on the,
platform work a lot of the graindown
underneath. Other hens pick it up. , I
prefer this plan to dumping this grain
On a pile for the hens to work on;
this -plan helps to make eggs. °
The egg crop fell off just about
one-third when we began to shut up
our hens in September to keep them
Cut of the growing, crops. Being new
t the, business we wondered what
ad happened. Now we know it was
the lack of green feed, 'bugs and exer-
else which came with the confinement.
When we keep our hens in Off the
rase range now, we :.give. more ,green
Stuff, more meat feed' and a larger
dand in which to exercise. It makes
great difference in egg 'production.
In running my incubator, when the
beat gets too high just at the last, I
dip a cloth hi cold water, waging it dry
and wrap It around the pipe at the
front, . tucking it up well so that :it
does not touch the eggs. This eepla
the egg chamber, and as the water
evaporates it puts moisture into the
machine, softening the shells and
bringing off a better hatch. If the
beat is not sufficiently reduced repeat
the process as the cloth dries, This
has helped me to make a number of
good hatches when the heat seemed
about to get beyond control, and the
eggs were tbo near hatching to bear
cooling outside the machine.
Improved implements.
A balanced ration for the animal.
A place to save all manure.
A system of rotation and stock
farming, to preserve the fertility of
the soil,
alfalfa and sweet clover on the
farm.
A definite plan to work by.
After heavy snow -storms it is a
good plan to shake the snow from
evergreen branches. Too much- snow
is likely to • cause them to break
down.
Well -rotted manure scattered over
the lawn will hold the snow and give
better grass.
Have an extra alarm clock to take
with you when you go out tothe
workshop to do any job. Shape your
plans by that clock.
Are rabbits or mice enjoying the
tender wood of your apple trees?
Better examine the trees and take
steps to destroy the rodents.
No more profitable work for a
stormy day than to go over the farm
accounts thoroughly and see how you
stand with the world. It will help
you to shape your plans for the new
season.
This is the time to study spraying.
spraying is serious business and the
spraying campaign should be well
worked out in advance. Know what
insects or diseases you are going to
combat, get the best materials to
meet them and learn when and how
best to apply the materials.
More farmers -than a few are going
back to the woodlot for their fuel
these days. They are setting out
the coal -stove and putting in. wood -
burners. By doing that they save
some money and get more comfort
out of the wood; for there is no
warmth like that which comes from
good body wood.
Boys and Girls Come First.
All over the land small feet are
trudging daily to their tasks at school.
In the country the distance is often
long, and the prospect at the end of
the journey not always inviting.
It is a peculiar thing that we build
fine houses for our cows, pigs and
poultry, and yet are often content
with miserable shacks in which our
youngsters are to, get the rudiments
of learning. Time will come when
this will all be changed. We will
recognize that the boys and girls are
the most important product of the
country. The country not only furn-
ishes its own future population, but
the major portion of our city popula-
tion as well.
We are beginning to recognize the
fact that an uneducated country
population can not compete on equal
terms with an educated city popula-
tion. Consolidated rural ,chools,
Were the Schools to Blame?
Many theories have been advanced
concerning the cause of the numerous
physical defects discovered during'
the examination of recruits for the
army and navy and it is quite pos-
Bible that our modern school system
may be at fault.
As most of the handicaps have been
present since childhood I firmly be-
liever that a system which forces the
attendance of children at an early
age, and also the conditions under
which the children are placed while
attending school, has much to do with
physical deficiencies in later life.
It has been proved that the aver-
age, natural gain in weight of chil-
dren is less during school months
than during vacation. Too many
hours of close application are requir-
ed• for the different ages; especially
the younger children, and there is too
little pure air for those who are not
robust; and for those who are indoors
much of the time. between school
.hours. Too much fatigue, mental es-
pecially,. means "poison," and poison
hinders the mental and physical de-
velopment.
I can do no better than to quote
from. Oscar W. Hallin, a teacher of
' ripe experience: "Poets used to de-
light in extolling the card -free happi-
ness of childhood.' But times are
changing. The prosaic business age
in_which we live has as little respect
for the joys of childhood as it has
for the beauty and sublimity of the
forests. Before 'children have fairly
ventured beyond the nursery' titres -
d h sh r d into the mad
not key are u e e
rush and worry- of a `strenuous life.'
As a result we find them facing the.
responsibilities of adults before they
can ` share the privileges : of grown-
up people. Theyare stunted and
overworked physically and mentally,
ant thereby hastened to a premature
old age and death." Dr. L. W. St.
John,
There are over 400,000. hymns` ex-
tant, Covering „more than'two hundred
languages ands dialedtse
THE CHEERFUL CHEF3J
The world-mays'eerr ,
rather unfair
and; it Nrt..in
15vt I E'eel it'9 more.
dignified. not to
core plain.
carrying the pupils through the first
two years of the high school, should
take the place of the little one -room
affair. This permits some division
of the pupils into grades, and above
all it makes possible the employment
of well-trained teachers. The little,
red schoolhouse will soon be a thing
of the past in most localities; its
place is being taken by modern struc-
tures, equipped for efficient work.
(By the way, did any one ever see
a schoolhouse painted red?)
Competent teachers, well -arranged
and properly -equipped buildings, and
attractive school grounds go a long
way toward, removing the irksome-
ness of the early years at school.
They create a sense of community
pride, and enable country boys and
girls to hold up their heads and
look city students squarely in the
face, as they have a right to do.
Farmer's Account Book.
Farming is a business. If it doesn't
pay the farmer wants to know why
it doesn't pay, Some record of re-
ceipts and expenses, together with an
inventory taken at the beginning and'
the end of the farmer's year, must
be kept if lie is to find out why it
doesn't pay. Keep a record of your
farm business. Find out how much
you are making and why you are not
snaking more. T e Commission of
Conservation, Ottawa, will send you,
free on request, a well -bound account.
book in which to keep your Farm
Record. You will find it very simple,
and a great aid to success in farm-
ing, Send for the Farmer's Account
Book to -day.
The Welfare of the Home
"Thirteen pounds and seven and
three-quarter ounces. She's '„ gained
ten ounces and a half this week," the.
gray -gowned nurse lifted the tiny
baby from the scales and, with a look
of satisfaction, handed it Oita flushed
and radiant mother,• "Doesn't look
mueh like the wraith yo>r brought be
here two months ago, does she?"
It was at a regular'session of the
baby clinic.
"It's just a miracle," the mother
said gratefully, "I never can be glad
enough I brought her to the clinic,"
' "Miracle, nothing," laughed the,
nurse, "It's just knowing how to feed
her right and having the will to do it
after you are told. Better take her
over in that corner out of the draft
to dress her."
An Easy Riddle.
Soft and fluffy, down they come,
White and very feathersome.
Bobby says they're butterflies
Fluttering in companies.
Edith says they're angels'' birds.
Harry says they're fairy herds.
Walter thinks they're winter bees
,Swarming over all the trees.
Soft and silent, chilly, white—
Have you guessed the answer right?
Exports must pay our war debt
and so the encouragement of live-
stock farming to add to our export
trade is a national benefit.
The Profitable Tractor is the Busy One
A horse that does no work when
horse labor is needed on the farm is
far from profitable; the profitable
horse is the one that works the great-
est possible number of days in a year.
Likewise, the profitable tractor is
the busy one.' If a tractor can be used
for only one job, and only during a
short period, its value is less to the
user than if it were used for various
jobs throughout the year. Tractors,
to be profitable, must be kept busy
whenever possible.
Of the work which a tractor can
do to good advantage perhaps plow-
ing stands first. From a survey
made on twenty-seven farms on which.
tractors were used, the following
crops predominated: Oats, corn,
wheat, clover, potatoes and hay.
Of the kind of work done by trac-
tors on those farms• the following
operations were done on the greatest
number of farms—plowing, disking,
harrowing, hauling, rolling, sawing
wood, filling silo and grinding feed.
Besides these the tractor was recom-
mended for baling hay, loading hay,
spreading manure, harvesting grain,
pulling stumps, threshing and hulling
clover. Not all of these kinds of work
could be found on one farm, of course,
but a number of them might be in-
cluded • in- the list. -
Large Tractors foe Large Farms.
Where the size of farm will' permit,
the large tractor will use the oper-
ator's time to best advantage. On
the other hand, the smaller tractile. is
less injurious to the soil and is adapt-
ed to more varied conditions. Where
severe conditions are to be met in
plowing,• it is not safe to figure on
less than ten -belt horse -power per
plow. The belt horse -power of a
three -plow tractor should be between
twenty and thirty. A tractor of this
size and weight can also be used to
good advantage for other kinds of
work, such as disking, harrowing and
threshing.
Tractors Should Not Race,
Select a tractor which will travel
from two to three miles an hour. A
road speed of four miles an hour
might be selected, but the occasions
on which that speed could be used
would be rare;" certainly never with
heavy loads, for the racking strain
would be too much on, wagons.
•
Other mothers crowded around
with babies of assorted sizes, undress-
ed and wrapped in the little blankets
provided by the clinic, awaiting their
turn to have baby weighed before the
doctor came in. There were all sorts
of conditions represented. Babies in
perfect health whose mothers believed
in preventive measures and wanted
to be sure they were feeding right as
they went along. Babies like the first
who had been under direction long
enough to begin to .pick up, but still
show the effects of a wrong start.
Babies just brought for the first time,
whose pinched, weazened faces and
plaintive little wail told all too plainly
to the experienced eye the effect of
wrong feeding. There must have been
fifty mothers with infants in the
room, and wandering through the
crowd were two-year-old brothers and
sister's who had to be brought along.
It was an interesting crowd viewed
from any agle, full of pep and noise
and human nature, from the two
mothers who. wig -wagged their disc
gust at the crowding and elbowing
of a third, to the small son of the
aggressive mother who showed his
devotion to her side by pulling the
Burls of the other women's small
daughters.
But the greatest interest lay in the
purpose underlying the clinic the
attitude of the city in saying it is
fully as important to give money to
start children right as it is to keep
up courts and jails to correct them
after they go wrong. The baby clinic
is maintained by the city, plus a few
private contributions, and any mother
of whatever station in life is privi-
leged to go there to get advice on the
care of her children under five. A
staff of doctors donate their services
and instruct in the proper method of
feeding. If the baby needs further
attention, operations or medical care,
the mother is told so. If she can af-
ford to pay for the care she is requir-
ed to do it, if not, the city takes care
of the case. Only instructions in diet-
ing are given free to all who come. s
Working with the clinic is a corps
of nurses who go out to homes when
it is impossible to bring the child to
the doctor. One baby who was
brought to the attention of the nurses
too late to save its life had twenty-
two calls from nurses in six weeks,
and a part of the time two nurses
were together working to save the
little life. Not many cases are lost,
however, unless there are other com-
plications besides wrong feeding.
Even the most hopeless looking tots
are brought along if it is simply a
question of what to feed. One thir-
teen -months- old baby was brought in
who weighed .only ten pounds and ;six
ounces. She had never had a tooth,.
could not sit alone, and was altogether
as helpless a bit of future womanhood
as you could ever find. A diet of
modified milk, thoroughly cooked
cereals, and orange and prune juice
was prescribed. In six. weeks. Miss
Baby had perked up amazingly, had
suspicion of color in her cheeks, posi-'
Lively smiled when you looked at her,
and even acted as though she „night
cut a tooth some day.
Then there was the five -months -old
baby whose mother had to Live with
grandma. Grandma had strong no-
tions on "giving them a taste of real
food." "Peal food," however, was not
baby food for this young man, and
he somehow didn't thrive on grand.
ma's formula. Mother took him to
the clinic and learned that milk is the
only real baby food for a five-month'a
old boy. She took her lesson to heart
and insisted on trying the doctor's,
way, so long as grandma's way hadn't
proven altogether a success. Six
weeks of clinic feding converted even
grandma, and now baby is as rosy and
fat as the best.
Many pitiful cases among the older
children are treated, and warped lives
straightened. There was the four-
year-old boy with club feet. His par-
ents couldn't pay for an operation,
but the attending physician told them
the city could. The child was oper-
ated on, one leg is now perfectly
straight, the other ie still in a cast,
but the child has no trouble in walk-
ing.
When you hear all the things ac-
complished by the clinic you wonder
just why they call it the "Baby Clinics
For while it is primarily intended as
a place where :pothers can get .advice
on the care of babies, it seems ass
though the nurses thought they had
to take the whole family under their
wings, There was the mother who
brought her eighteen -months,' -add boy
down. The nurse took one short look
at the child and two long ones at the
mother. Then she asked a few kindly
questions. She found out that the
mother was again in a delicate condi-
tion, that she was tired all the time,
could not do even the lightest house-
work, and lived in conditions not of
the best. She advised the mother to
go to the anti -tuberculosis society for
an examination. The attendants
found that the woman was developing
tuberculosis. They prescribed a rest
period morning and afternoon, some
time daily in the open air, got her
to sleep alone in a large room with
three windows open, and prescribed a
diet. The mother made her visit
to the clinic in August. In October
she wen in good condition and able to
do her owh housework,
Every week, in fact, every day
brings to light even asimportant
cases of human beings helped to
health and enjoyment of life by in-.
struction in right living.
Can there be any better way. to
spend a part of the tax money? It
doesn't cost nearly as much to main-
tain clinics to keep people in health
as it does to keep up hospitals and
homes, with their staff of nurses and
help; to take care of the invalided.
The new way, prevention rather than
cure, is surely the best.
Why should not clinics such as this
be established in every rural district
through Canada?
1
HOW BOSS GOT
HOME
row morning; what shall I do with
him ?"
Here was a puzzI.e. Tom and his
father talked the matter over hur-
riedly. They had no way of going
for the dog themselves, and so what
were they to do? At length Tom had
an idea. He whirled back to the tele-
phone. "Is your cottage near Picnic
Point?" he asked.
"Bight on the Point," was the
answer.
"It's that cottage that we passed
just before the wagon stopped," Tom
Toin never knew how • he became
separated from Boss at the corn roast
but when the time carne to start home
the little dog had • disappeared. The
wagon waited while Tom called and
whistled. But he could hear no
answering bark, though he called a
long time and listened with all his
might. said to his father. . Then he said to
"We shall have to go without the span, "After I speak to my dog,
will you take him straight, to the pic-
nic ground at the end of the Point?
Maybe he can trace us from there."
The man agreed. Presently he said,
"You can talk now. I'm holding him
up to the telephone."
"Hey, Boss!" Tom cried. ,
There was a little squeal of delight
at the other end of the line, and then
a loud, "Bow -wow!"
"Coned home, sir!" said Tom. "Here,
Boss, here!"
"He's wild with joy," said the man,
"I'l+l take him down to the picnic
place now and, see if he can't pick;
up the trail."
Later on in the evening, Tom heard
a sharp scuffling sound on the porch)
It was followed by quick scratches
at the door.
He flung the door open, and Bose
dashed into the room, a leaping,
wiggling, joyful brown ball. He was
so happy that he could hardly keep
still long enough to eat.
' Tom could not stop laughing at his
antics. "But be careful how you run.
away again," he warned him. "An.'
other time you aright not be he a place,
where I could telephone to ,you," '
hint," said one of the older boys.
Boss was a young dog, not much
accustomed to find his way by using
his nose, and Tom felt very much
worried. All the way home the boy
kept wondering what the little dog
would do when he cane back from
his run in the woods and found every-
one gone. He doubted whether he
should ever see Boss again.
"If I only hadn't let him come!" he
thought.
The other boys laughed at Tom's
anxious face. "Ten -to one Boss will
be, home when you get there,"- they
said.
But there was no sign of Boss at
home. That night heavy clouds
gathered and the wind howled dis-
mally. Tom stood for a long tithe
with his face pressed against the win-
dow. "Boss will miss his comfort-
able kennel," he said.
Just then the telephone rang:
"Corrie here, Toml" his father called
when he had answered it. "Here's
news of Boss, I think.."
Tom rushed into the hall and
grasped the receiver. A pian was
speaking. "I've been calling up first
one person in your village and then
another to find out Who owns a lit -
Salt' From Ocean Water.,
Experiments in Norway' with a view
tie brown beagle dog with a white to extracting salt from ocean water'by,}
face." moans of electricity, have been sue
"I do!" cried Tom. "Yes, air, 1 eessful, and. two salt factories will bat
•ted for stats ui' ase int e ne
do!" - ,, star P P b ar,.
„ u future
ure
.
'Well, the man went on, he
strayed ,into my. place a little while
ago, and he looks pretty homesick.ie bvhnny-oak�'
I'm leaving this cottage early to -mor -
1 in It peace, thanetter onto mliineseon pieJoits abxollil
� Y gr
1•
A mistaken notion is sometimes
held about plowing. In plowing, a
certain amount of energy goes to cut-
ting the soil, some of it to pulverizing,
and a large part of it to lifting and
turning over the furrow slice. When
too high a plowing speed is used, a
great deal of unnecessary work is
done in throwing the furrow slice over
on the plowed ground instead of lay-
ing it over into a smooth, well-turned
furrow.
As much work can be done at slow
speed, as with high traveling speed.
The engine is capable of only a de-
finite amount of work. If this power
is used up in speed it will be neces-
sary to sacrifice in the number of
plows which can be pulled or in the
size of load which can be hauled.
Pulling a larger load at a slow ospeed
does not necessitate moving the trac-
tor such a great distance to get the
work done, which will be a conveni-
ence to the operator at }east.
Paints to Consider in Selecting.
There are some features of con-
struction which are essential, if good
results are to be secured with a trac-
tor. The ,following list includes most
of these features:
1. Simplicity.
2. Durability:
a. ,Good material.
b.Good workmanship.
e. Good design.
3. Accessibility.
4. Interchangeability.
5. Protection of working parts.
6. Adaptability.
a. Plowing.
b. Tillage.
c. Hauling.
d. Belt.
7. Ease of operation.
a. Turning . small radius.
b. Visibility of work.
,Easily manipulated.
&l. Safety of operation.
8. Weight.
a. Heavy enough' to secure
traction.
b. Light enough to prevent en
jury to soil.
9. Cost.
• a. Initial cost.
b, Cost' of operation,
c. Maintenance cost.
Simplicity, of cowrie, is taken for
granted.
{ Fa!S•��Atn per",.+.++� �+wA.� .du.0 dlWl43 -1--.
•
4
1
1
•
1
4
a
1
r