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The Exeter Advocate, 1920-1-15, Page 5Now sold in a new waxed board package a grealt. improvement over the old lead package ED TEAise goocl -ea; Sold only in sealed packages POSE SINCE 11870 `30STQPSCOUGHS RAND TRUNK SYs EM THE DOUBLE TRACK ROUTh Between MONTREAL TORONTO DETROIT and CHICAGO Utowxoelled dining car gervLcc. Sleeping cars `oaf night trains and Parrtir carts on principal day trains. Full . imlforneatlan from any Grand Trunk Ticket Agent„ or C. E. Horn- ing District Passenger Agent, Toronto N. J. DOBE Phone 46w Agent, Exeter AUCTION • SALE OP CHOICE DURHAM • CATTLE AT • CENTRAL HOTEI EXFTER rr' SATtRDAY JANUARY` 17tf1',]9t0, i to'eloe lc sharp; the : following — '10 Cows walkh calves at eoOt; 10 Caws, springing to eaaf ; 5 Cows .due ,in Marelli; • 19 two-year-old steers about 100,0 lbs. ,Terms 9 months' credit offu furnish pr ing apoved piimt .notes;': with- 6' Per cont. ,per annum added W. -Robinson, Alf: Paul, ::. Auct,oneerProprietor pates, Clerk.; If ^ you are rene•wipg- ar subae�rib=" tog nor' any ` of the -, Cameron dailyoff' weekly papers, You may dos.ep,at this Office, We `have always looked ,after thla''1'or scores ofeotne subscribers arid: able stili doing so. We can give °:it: ."to •''cliewatpar'ass wvd11',as sav�'ail ezpen-.• say;: enr3Cissanniteen, rand ''noWadayra•'it• 7eneti"ateleast eight centS inn, cash be - des . tad »mery, to order a paper NEARLY 3,400 KILLED. In Ontario last year, the lives of 3,380 persons were claimed by con- sumption. This is all the more ter- rible because most of them might have been saved had they been helped in time. Here is a case in point. Several years ago a man came to the Mus- koka. Free Hospital for Consump- tives. He had been orf Active Ser- vice in Africa, where hardship and -exposure had broken down his health. Suspicious of his symptoms he sought our aid. A short time ago he wrote: "Through your Hospital a soldier of the South African War regained his health and a family ai happy home." - This is not an isolated `case, for many others have been restored to health and anxious families. It take( much money to carry on the work. Your gift, for whatever amount, will be gratefully received. Contributions may be ,sent to Sir William Gage, 8.4 Spadina avenue, or George A. Reid, 223 College street, Toronto. "The Fisherinan''. is the Mark of Supremacy" which for nearly five decades has^marked the fame of ' you need a tonic to help P feet ain put you on your you will want Scott's that is ' known ', around. the - globe, .. • known . '� hest the highesttypeof purity and .goodness fo.ad` or Medicine. Looks '; t); henrrnan. �tor, 6'c...i':w 3 , Buy Sciatf s. Soot( k LownwcrToronto. Ont. ih--35 r � Ihe' A hrocate int• anxiems to have correspondents in all districts,. . If your'terrktory is notreRresented by our' staff' correspondents will you n. es send us , the news, Or • suggest t tshe naive of someone' who would be likely to' do so•? We furnish stamped en- velOnes and writing supptliies.' ICONDITION1N6 HORSES ENRICH1NO THE SOIL Mus. t Start Four to Six Weeks Before Spring Work Begins. ' Time Now to Build' Hotbeds --How to Construct It, Ventilation and Watering Most Difficult Problems,. Injure Early Vegetables. • (Contributed by Ontario Department of Agriculture, Toronto.) THE experienced farmer knows the importance of having his Horses in the best possiblee condition to stand the strenuous work of spring. Upon his horse power depends, in no sniall =degree, his success in getting his seed sown early in a well,j repar- ed seed bed in the proper filth to bring best possible returns, for early seeding and a, deep, fine seed -bed mean more bushels in the granary in the fall. The actual practice of condition- ing for spring work should com- mence from four to six weeks be- fore the land is Likely to be ready for the plough or cultivator. Ali changes in feeding should be made gradually. Straw in the roughage ra- tion should gradually be replaced by bay until finally nothing but good quality hay is being fed. Careful. feeders generally save their best hay for the spring work, The horse that has been getting little or no grain must not be immediately put an a full ration. Commence with a small feed, say half a gallon of rolled oats or, at most, twice per day and grad- ually increase this as spring draws. near until the horse is approaching full feed, While the horse is still idle the' percentage of roughage fed to the whole ration may be continued Targe. That is, a full feed of eoneentrates Is not neces- sary until work begins but something approaching a full feed should be reached just before seeding opens. Once hard work has begun the grain or concentrate ration must be grad- ually increased and the roughage pro- portionately decreased. The more severe the labor the smaller the pro- portion of roughage and the larger the proportion of concentrates should be fed. From eight to fourteen pounds• of oats per day, according to weight of animal, should be enough for the average farm horse just be- fore seeding starts and something in the neighborhood of one pound to one and one-half pounds of roughage per 100 pounds of the animal's weight should be fair feeding, Regu- lar cleaning is important as it aids shedding and improves the coat of the animal. As the feed is increased so should the exercise increase, Farm teams should be hitched daily during the "conditioning" per- iod that their muscles become hard- ened and that their shoulders gain the power of resistance to prevent galls and sore later on. Preparation, for the spring work Should be a fleshing and hardening process, and it cannot be accomplished without good feeding, grooming and regular light work in harness. When heavy work begins, gradually increase the grain feed up to from ten to eighteen pounds daily according to the weight of the horse, and, the hay to such an extent that the animal is getting a total ration of grain and roughage of from two to three pounds per hundra pounds of horse, this de- pending on condition and amount of work done. Always,. give plenty of pure water, mostly before feeding grain if possible.—Prof, Wade Toole, O. A. College, Guelph, Ont. Starting Early Plants. Growers desire to have vegetables as early as possible, and for this rea- son it is necessary to start plants like cabbage, cauliflower and beets in hotbeds. Others like tomatoes and peppers have too long a season of growth to ripen a sufficient amount of the crop to make it pay. This method gives us from four to six weeks start. Hot beds should be on the_south side of a fence or building Obtain good fresh manure, turn twice to get fermentation well started. Put it in a pile about eighteen inches to two feet in height, and a foot larger each way than the frame, being careful to tramp it thoroughly. To do this put it up in layers of six inches. Then put on the frame, which should be eighteen inches at the back and twelve inches at the front, facing siiuth Put in. fur to six inches' of o soil and put on the glass. Air every days for; the first four days to get rid of the gases generated by the fermentation. The soilis then raked andmade ready ,for seed sowing. The seed is generallysown-in rows three inches apart, about 10 seeds to the inch. When the -seedlings are showing the first true leaf they are transplanted to other beds, the plants being set. two inches apart each way. With cabbage; ,cauliflower, beets and lettuce, this ,one. transplanting .is all that is necessary., Tomatoes, egg plants, pepper and such plants re- quire two transplantings, the last one four inches apart each way, or -into` -four finch clay pots or quart beery' baskets. Ventilation and watering are the two most difficultproblems : in hot- bed management. Ventilation should be given whenever possible., Even on stormy days the.sash should be lifted even if it is',only the thickness of a lath that is placed under et. Many. growers use a . piece of lath three inches long. This gives them three different distances of ventilation, and laid on the glass when not it may be o . in use, and will be always ready., Always have the opening .,away from. the wind. You should also''ventilate after watering to prevent scalding. Water carefully, only give what thea plant requires, especially in the early season, ; and .only in bright days, •in the morning. Thee plants must be dried off- by night. As the plants grow the watering; will, of necessity, be oftener, but. ,care and thought should be used at -ante. —A. ll: MacLennan, ' a`Vegetable • Specialist. Some flints Upon the Wise Use of Artificial Fertilizers. Fuller Use of These Fertilizers Likely •-fir Application Meet Be Handled intelligently s-- Stride' Your Own Soil, Closely-fieneral Farm Blois. (Contributed taro epartmof Ag =cbyultureOn, TioroDnto.) eat HE use of artificial fertilised in this country is bound to increase. These materials are, however, expensive and those intending to make use of them slaved make an effort to inform, themselves regarding the conditions under which they will give the best results. Toomany people are using fertilizers without fully realizing that they carry plants food and that the real object in applying them is to supply needed available food for the plant. To intelligently make -use of these materials there are three points to be considered. First the needs of the soil, second, the needs of th« Plant, and, third, the nature of the materials to be applied, It should always be kept in mind that the soil carries immense amounts of plant food, but that only, a small quantity of this is rendered available during the growing season. The acids formed by the decay of the organic matter in the soil is the chief natural agency operating to bring the big store of mineral mat- ter into a form that may be takes up by the plant. The organic matter is also the source of nitrogen to the plant, and it increases the water holding capacity of the soil as well as improves its physical condition. Consequently every effort ought to be made to maintain or increase the amount of decaying organic matter. Otherwise the crop will be grown largely from the added fertilizers and not from the plant food of the soil. It is for this reason that it is sometimes stated that if you com- mence to use fertilizers you must continue their use. However, no matter how much we try to render available the immense, stores of food in the soil, we cannot bring it about fast enough to supply, the needs, especially of heavy feed- ing crops, such as the mangels, tur- nips and garden crops. Hence the need of manures. Stable manure cannot always be got in sufficient quantities to fulfill requirements, nor does it always furnish the needed plant food in the right proportions to develop the plant properly. To supplement the manure is the place of fertilisers. Stable manure is essentially a nitrogenous fertilizer. Hence if used in large quantities it will force big leaf and stem growth and retard ma- turity. Consequently, a plentiful sup- ply of stable manure would help the growth of lettuce, spinach, mange!, etc.; but it would not be so satisfac- tory for tomatoes, sugar beets, or other crops that must be brought to maturity. What these plants need is some stable manure end some min- eral fertilizer to force early maturity. On the other hand, plants like let- tuce,• spinach, etc., are grown for their leaf and stem and maturity is not necessary point, hence e. soluble form of nitrogenous fertilizers may even be added after heavy applications of manure with good results. • The manufacturer of mixed ferti- lizers seeks to prepare special mix- tures that will be suitable for differ- ent crops, but the farmer or gardener should strive to inform himself re- garding his soil and crop needs that he may be able to select the form of fertilizer that will bring about the growth desired, and he should study the fertilizer materials available that he may' buy intelligently and econo- mically.—it. Harcourt, 0. A. College, Guelph. General Farm Hints. Put a plant or two of rhubarb in the cellar which should be kept at a temperature o2 60 to 70 degrees in sand, which is kept moist and in the dark so that it will produce stems and no leaves. Do som,,e reading on gardening work for this year, but more especially think aver the fail- ures of the last. If the roads are in good shape, get your manure out and spread. A dressing of 8 to 10 loads per acre will keep the orchard in condition. If buying in the Iarger cities, order early as the car situation is serious enough to delay shipments. Light pruning of apple orchards, taking put the -small wood with the long -handled pruners, may be carried out during bright weather. Grape trimming may also be looked after When the weather is suitable.. 'Before feeding or selling any grain crops: make good provision for your own seed supply. Finish cutting out of black knot of cherry and plum. Inspect and oil, windmill` before *inter. ` • If• weather is fine and warn ; may continue to spray peach trees and give ; first application to trees badly, infested with San Jose scale. On. rough days duripg this and=sue- eeeding months it is well to lib over all • packages, barrels, boxes, etc., mending broken carriers, _:handling. baskets. Be sure pumps are in good con- dition. It :is not too early to consider the question of getting help for the big crop1920. which will have to be raised in Depreciation of sketoi very. Didyou ever think otthe'relation of the farmer' 'batik ae "tint -t 'the' tool ,Shedf Machineryrdip rei fie s 'fater ire thee 'weatherthan dosoin , nee.•°>:The 't=ine- saved by;:hav:ing a ruM r.. Irnplenienf swill soonspal for rite ' GET ON LAND EARLY The Dates to Plant for iiaa�viesf Yields, To Make- Most Money Froth Wool Shearitg Drast Be Done Pro , fly and Wool needled . Carett ,y A Few Hints Which Have Saved Farmers Dollars. (Contributed by Ontario Department of Agriculture, Toronto.) IMRE is a best time to sow each class of farm crops to. secure the highest returns. It is difficult, however; to know which are the most favorable dates for the best return of the dif- ferent erops in all seasons. The re- sults' of eeperiments conducted over a series of years form a good gen- eral guide. Sonic crops give best re- sults from later seedings. Season.e vary so much that in some years the grains are practically all sown by the dates at which it is Only possible to start sowing in other years. it is of the utmost importance, however, to start cultivating the land as early* as it is dry enough to work to good :ad- vantage. The first cultivations sitould take place for those crops which should be first sown. in tbi 'eonnee- tion it is interesting to stt}dy the re- sults of an experiment which 'was conducted. in each of five ,^,ears at the Ontario Agrieultural_,College. Spring wheat, barley, oats" eh,.d' peas were sown on each of six.daths. One week was allowed between• each two dates, The experiment wF slicondect- ed in duplicate by sowing �aN!th the grain drill and broadcast by band in each instance. The following table gives the average results'far,tbe tee tests in the five-year Per%d. Bushels of Grain„i?er Acre, Spring Bar- Seedlings. Wheat, ley. Oats. Peas, last . , 21.9 46.2 75.2 25.4 2nd ...... 19.2 45.9 76.0 28.8 3rd .. 15.4 39.8 64',2 28.5 4th _. 13,0 37.1 55.8 25.5 5th 8,4 27.6 45.2 21.5 6tli , 6,7 18.4 37.0 1L5 It will be seen that the spring wheat gives de•idedly the best re- turns from the first date of seeding. There .is not mu. -h difference between the "first two seedings of barley and oats, but there is a slight advantage from the first date in the ease of bar- ley and from the second date in the case of oats. The peas, however, gave the highest returns from the second and third dates, and even the fourth gave a higher average yield than the first date. After the first week was past there was an average decrease per acre for each day's de- lay as the season advanced of 27 pounds of spring wheat, 47 pounds of barley, 48 pounds of oats, and • 20 pounds of peas. r . These esults are of special,inter- est and are worthy of careful atten- tion at this particular time. Sheep Shearing. Shearing and Tying the Fleece.— Shearing leece — Shearing should only be carried on under the most favorable conditions; upon bright, warm sunshiny days' when the sheep are: dry of fleece and the wool has "risen" somewhat from the body. Cleanliness and care in the removal of all fleeces is very es- sential and the shearing floor should be swept after each fleece has been removed and tied. This will elim- inate a great deal of foreign matter which, although it may add weight, does so at the expense of quality. Dung Locks or Tags.—It will be noticed with many fleeces that there are certain hard dung locks or tags adhering to the britcli ends. These contain a great deal of moisture and if left on and rolled into the fleece produce a damp heavy condition that means a higher shrinkage and hence less value. They should, whenever present, be snipped off; with the shears before the sheep' is shorn or else pulled off by hand after the fleece is spread out for, rolling. They can very easily be packed and. shipped separately, bringing more money this way than if left upon the fleece, The same is true of all paint clotted locks as' well. Rolling the Fleece.—Spread the fleece out on the floor, being careful not to pull it apart and with the flesh. side down. Then fold the belly wool and both sides in until your fleece re- presents a strip about 18 inches wide. end, roll tightly Starting at the tailg y toward the neck, thus leaving the shoulder wool, which is always the superior portion, on the outside of -the roll. The grader always estimates the grade by the appearance and quality of this wool over the shoulder and heart -girth, that over the .hied - quarters hind -quarters usually running a grade or two lower. Tying the Fleece.—Having rolled tightly, tie both ways with the spe- cial: paper' twine supplied by the, De -l., partment. Never under any consider -e ation use binder twine, as the ;fibres become attached to the wool and fol - lo right through into : the spleen+ where they always show up, suite prominently. Many mills have reftis ed to• have anything whatever for do with clips that have ' been tied ;;with binder twine. If the paper twine is not available use any stout cordpther than binder, twine. Tie each fleece separately, never tying two or three together in the same bundle. Furthermore, avoid' as much as pos- sible `the' shipping of loose wool. If, you have two or three different breeds of sheep, Possibly a 'gr de dock and a, pure-bred 'Hock, -it' is wise to keep the wool fi:om each breed separate and .pack it so.—Director: R. W. Wade, 13.S.A., Ontario ,Depart- went of Agriculture. number of varieties o A f ani ae are, in cultivation; lip( to mpe�t;:th�l' p resent demand the Small'White'.Pea heart is particularly suitable, ,'.. .,Care oho ltd be exercised in'securing 'welee- oiatured • seed. of `. stiong 'vita ity a,{. c. nany.of the. beans grown last''yeari ►reunsuitable for , plantin.g. New Treatment That Knocks Rheumatism 75c. BOX .i'REETOANY SUFFERER UP in. Syracuse, N. Y., a treatment for rheumatism :has been tounJ that Hundreds o users'sayis a wonder. •re.- portrng cases that seem a ,ii,tle short of ,niEraculous. Just a few treatments evert the very tworst-cases seem ,o accomplish wonders even after other remedies have failed entirely. It seems to n=eutralize the uric acid and l=ine salt deposits in the blood, driving all tite poisonous cloggingwaste from the system. Soreness, pain, ,.tiffnees, swelling lust scent to melt away and vattisb. The treatment 'forst introduced by itlr, Duane is so good that its owner wants everybody who suffers from rheumatism. or who has a friend so afflicted, to get a free 15c. package from him to prone just whet: it will do in every ease before a penny. :s Spent. Mr. Delano says ; "To pros„e that the Dellan,o treatment wt',i:l pos itiveiy overcome rheumatism, no mat- ter how severe, stubborn, or !r ere standing the case, and even atter all other treatments have failed, I will, iii you have never previously used be trdatment, send you a full eiee 75,•. �pa�chge free if you will send your name and address with 10c, to he'p- pay postage and distribution expense to me personally.” F. H. Delano, 1672, Griffin Square Bjadg„ Syracuse, N. Y. I can sen 1 anly one Free Package to an. addreee. Clutton--F:re ia•.st week seriously damaged the front part of the res, once of ..\V. A. McGuire, North street The firemen were able to save flu furodture. The blaze is said to have been causes by a defective chimney.. • Tuckersnri`h—Mr. D. Fothcringha •i thio week ,sold his prize draught tea to Mr tF T'latnrner, of Wi,,:nipeg wh l will take them to the West for showy purposes. --_ S et f of th—Minis Janet Lo '.. '.. dined 'n Egmorndvi.le on. S=unday.: of °r a alis -t Btlness from pneumonia! Mas Lockie who ts-ars ie her 6Sth year had spent Practically all her life in Tueket•Ismith. Township and Sea�fortb, and :or 15. years had been housekeeper for ,l••. late, John Campbell—The death oceer ed at his home, Goderiich street:, Eaee on Monday ,last of aria of the pi,one. r residents sof efe il1.op, and for the past few years Ia ijghly respecte�•t e sident pi Sea,forth, in th oersoa : f Mr. M.iehael Wash in his seven,:. - third year. Clinton—'The funeral of Sarah Tun•' relict of the late George Basal,;.=•i hook place cn Wednesday. 'rhe iseased diad at Detroit af:,e- a ego •. i ituesr l he late Mrs. Harland n• rs born dn. 1;-o o,.is_ock and afterwar.'s lereJ here where, she was marr:�ed. ':'- and Mrs Haij'and ;Deft .here about 15 years ago to reside in 1?eUtt.�..� Mr. Harland ,died a year ago last 24th of December. MITCHELL—Mize McDoaiald, wife e -f Robert Smith, died ,ori Jan. 11 aged f3-} years. She had resided here about 50 years, Besides -.her husband a fam- ily of sons and daughters survive. The funeral took plane an We=dnesday,. TO OUR CORRESPONDENTS We would ask our correspondents not to include in their news budgets advance notices of events, unless they add a note indicatiag to whom such items are to be. charged. ALMOST A WHOLE FAMILY - PERISH. Two sisters, sole survivors of a. once happy family, greeted ns ploas- antly, as we visited in a sunny ward at the Muskoka Free Hospital. The mother and.several other members of. the fancily had died of consumption, and ' the plague had marked these, two girls also for its own; but fortunately they- were found in time. One ed them said: "I feel the Hos- pital has done me a great deal of good; everything is lovely, and t like it awful Htill„'.' The other: "1 have gained,twelve pounds, and think 1 will be able to :go ' home for good. in six months.” Sue is the .work of the Muskoka. Free Hospital for Coneuriipt'ives_ Thousands of grateful patients can testify to the help they have received therein. 'It.costs a great deal of money to carry on the work: Will ,you help? • Contributions may be sent.to y S•ir William Gage, 84 Spadina avenue, or George A. Reid, 223 College street„. Toronto. OVER -ACIDITY of the stomach has upset many ,a height's rest. If your stomach is acid - disturbed, dissolve two or three 1-nom5 on the tongue before retiring and en- joyeshi see i refreshing 4g i. The urp p tY and i- guaranteed b goodness of IK molds guar t y SCOTT & BOWNE MAXERS OF SCOTT'S EMULSION 19-'2A Souvenir Cast Iron Range with Reservoir The Souvenir Range is a 1 i1�l guaranteed baker and 'wester. I : Will give every satisfaction and with care will last a '' -.".. lifetime. tail lee j4 ;,;F il '�` Special Features : Nickel- Base, Glass Oven • , V & plated Thermometer.. F ~t tiDoor and oven. Removable nickel Enamel Back full width the back. No. 9-20---1$" x 18" Without No. 9-22—the same oven, $69.50. Without W. J. Exeter, There is a "Souvenir" }oa cannot locate Bread cake etc. visible while baking. Thermo- meter tells exact heat in edge for easy cleaning, Porcelain. of warming closet, smoke pipe up oven as illustrated, price $84.50 warming closet, $65.50 Range but with 20" x 20" warming closet, $70.50 SOLD BY HERMAN, Ont. deafer is your town,; if him write us for his name. THE HAMILTON STOVE & HEATER CO., Limited Successes. to THE GURNEY. TILDEN CO., Limited HAMILTON - CANADA "SEVENTY-FIVE YEARS OF SUCCESSFUL MANUFACTURING" 2 SINCE 11870 `30STQPSCOUGHS RAND TRUNK SYs EM THE DOUBLE TRACK ROUTh Between MONTREAL TORONTO DETROIT and CHICAGO Utowxoelled dining car gervLcc. Sleeping cars `oaf night trains and Parrtir carts on principal day trains. Full . imlforneatlan from any Grand Trunk Ticket Agent„ or C. E. Horn- ing District Passenger Agent, Toronto N. J. DOBE Phone 46w Agent, Exeter AUCTION • SALE OP CHOICE DURHAM • CATTLE AT • CENTRAL HOTEI EXFTER rr' SATtRDAY JANUARY` 17tf1',]9t0, i to'eloe lc sharp; the : following — '10 Cows walkh calves at eoOt; 10 Caws, springing to eaaf ; 5 Cows .due ,in Marelli; • 19 two-year-old steers about 100,0 lbs. ,Terms 9 months' credit offu furnish pr ing apoved piimt .notes;': with- 6' Per cont. ,per annum added W. -Robinson, Alf: Paul, ::. Auct,oneerProprietor pates, Clerk.; If ^ you are rene•wipg- ar subae�rib=" tog nor' any ` of the -, Cameron dailyoff' weekly papers, You may dos.ep,at this Office, We `have always looked ,after thla''1'or scores ofeotne subscribers arid: able stili doing so. We can give °:it: ."to •''cliewatpar'ass wvd11',as sav�'ail ezpen-.• say;: enr3Cissanniteen, rand ''noWadayra•'it• 7eneti"ateleast eight centS inn, cash be - des . tad »mery, to order a paper NEARLY 3,400 KILLED. In Ontario last year, the lives of 3,380 persons were claimed by con- sumption. This is all the more ter- rible because most of them might have been saved had they been helped in time. Here is a case in point. Several years ago a man came to the Mus- koka. Free Hospital for Consump- tives. He had been orf Active Ser- vice in Africa, where hardship and -exposure had broken down his health. Suspicious of his symptoms he sought our aid. A short time ago he wrote: "Through your Hospital a soldier of the South African War regained his health and a family ai happy home." - This is not an isolated `case, for many others have been restored to health and anxious families. It take( much money to carry on the work. Your gift, for whatever amount, will be gratefully received. Contributions may be ,sent to Sir William Gage, 8.4 Spadina avenue, or George A. Reid, 223 College street, Toronto. "The Fisherinan''. is the Mark of Supremacy" which for nearly five decades has^marked the fame of ' you need a tonic to help P feet ain put you on your you will want Scott's that is ' known ', around. the - globe, .. • known . '� hest the highesttypeof purity and .goodness fo.ad` or Medicine. Looks '; t); henrrnan. �tor, 6'c...i':w 3 , Buy Sciatf s. Soot( k LownwcrToronto. Ont. ih--35 r � Ihe' A hrocate int• anxiems to have correspondents in all districts,. . If your'terrktory is notreRresented by our' staff' correspondents will you n. es send us , the news, Or • suggest t tshe naive of someone' who would be likely to' do so•? We furnish stamped en- velOnes and writing supptliies.' ICONDITION1N6 HORSES ENRICH1NO THE SOIL Mus. t Start Four to Six Weeks Before Spring Work Begins. ' Time Now to Build' Hotbeds --How to Construct It, Ventilation and Watering Most Difficult Problems,. Injure Early Vegetables. • (Contributed by Ontario Department of Agriculture, Toronto.) THE experienced farmer knows the importance of having his Horses in the best possiblee condition to stand the strenuous work of spring. Upon his horse power depends, in no sniall =degree, his success in getting his seed sown early in a well,j repar- ed seed bed in the proper filth to bring best possible returns, for early seeding and a, deep, fine seed -bed mean more bushels in the granary in the fall. The actual practice of condition- ing for spring work should com- mence from four to six weeks be- fore the land is Likely to be ready for the plough or cultivator. Ali changes in feeding should be made gradually. Straw in the roughage ra- tion should gradually be replaced by bay until finally nothing but good quality hay is being fed. Careful. feeders generally save their best hay for the spring work, The horse that has been getting little or no grain must not be immediately put an a full ration. Commence with a small feed, say half a gallon of rolled oats or, at most, twice per day and grad- ually increase this as spring draws. near until the horse is approaching full feed, While the horse is still idle the' percentage of roughage fed to the whole ration may be continued Targe. That is, a full feed of eoneentrates Is not neces- sary until work begins but something approaching a full feed should be reached just before seeding opens. Once hard work has begun the grain or concentrate ration must be grad- ually increased and the roughage pro- portionately decreased. The more severe the labor the smaller the pro- portion of roughage and the larger the proportion of concentrates should be fed. From eight to fourteen pounds• of oats per day, according to weight of animal, should be enough for the average farm horse just be- fore seeding starts and something in the neighborhood of one pound to one and one-half pounds of roughage per 100 pounds of the animal's weight should be fair feeding, Regu- lar cleaning is important as it aids shedding and improves the coat of the animal. As the feed is increased so should the exercise increase, Farm teams should be hitched daily during the "conditioning" per- iod that their muscles become hard- ened and that their shoulders gain the power of resistance to prevent galls and sore later on. Preparation, for the spring work Should be a fleshing and hardening process, and it cannot be accomplished without good feeding, grooming and regular light work in harness. When heavy work begins, gradually increase the grain feed up to from ten to eighteen pounds daily according to the weight of the horse, and, the hay to such an extent that the animal is getting a total ration of grain and roughage of from two to three pounds per hundra pounds of horse, this de- pending on condition and amount of work done. Always,. give plenty of pure water, mostly before feeding grain if possible.—Prof, Wade Toole, O. A. College, Guelph, Ont. Starting Early Plants. Growers desire to have vegetables as early as possible, and for this rea- son it is necessary to start plants like cabbage, cauliflower and beets in hotbeds. Others like tomatoes and peppers have too long a season of growth to ripen a sufficient amount of the crop to make it pay. This method gives us from four to six weeks start. Hot beds should be on the_south side of a fence or building Obtain good fresh manure, turn twice to get fermentation well started. Put it in a pile about eighteen inches to two feet in height, and a foot larger each way than the frame, being careful to tramp it thoroughly. To do this put it up in layers of six inches. Then put on the frame, which should be eighteen inches at the back and twelve inches at the front, facing siiuth Put in. fur to six inches' of o soil and put on the glass. Air every days for; the first four days to get rid of the gases generated by the fermentation. The soilis then raked andmade ready ,for seed sowing. The seed is generallysown-in rows three inches apart, about 10 seeds to the inch. When the -seedlings are showing the first true leaf they are transplanted to other beds, the plants being set. two inches apart each way. With cabbage; ,cauliflower, beets and lettuce, this ,one. transplanting .is all that is necessary., Tomatoes, egg plants, pepper and such plants re- quire two transplantings, the last one four inches apart each way, or -into` -four finch clay pots or quart beery' baskets. Ventilation and watering are the two most difficultproblems : in hot- bed management. Ventilation should be given whenever possible., Even on stormy days the.sash should be lifted even if it is',only the thickness of a lath that is placed under et. Many. growers use a . piece of lath three inches long. This gives them three different distances of ventilation, and laid on the glass when not it may be o . in use, and will be always ready., Always have the opening .,away from. the wind. You should also''ventilate after watering to prevent scalding. Water carefully, only give what thea plant requires, especially in the early season, ; and .only in bright days, •in the morning. Thee plants must be dried off- by night. As the plants grow the watering; will, of necessity, be oftener, but. ,care and thought should be used at -ante. —A. ll: MacLennan, ' a`Vegetable • Specialist. Some flints Upon the Wise Use of Artificial Fertilizers. Fuller Use of These Fertilizers Likely •-fir Application Meet Be Handled intelligently s-- Stride' Your Own Soil, Closely-fieneral Farm Blois. (Contributed taro epartmof Ag =cbyultureOn, TioroDnto.) eat HE use of artificial fertilised in this country is bound to increase. These materials are, however, expensive and those intending to make use of them slaved make an effort to inform, themselves regarding the conditions under which they will give the best results. Toomany people are using fertilizers without fully realizing that they carry plants food and that the real object in applying them is to supply needed available food for the plant. To intelligently make -use of these materials there are three points to be considered. First the needs of the soil, second, the needs of th« Plant, and, third, the nature of the materials to be applied, It should always be kept in mind that the soil carries immense amounts of plant food, but that only, a small quantity of this is rendered available during the growing season. The acids formed by the decay of the organic matter in the soil is the chief natural agency operating to bring the big store of mineral mat- ter into a form that may be takes up by the plant. The organic matter is also the source of nitrogen to the plant, and it increases the water holding capacity of the soil as well as improves its physical condition. Consequently every effort ought to be made to maintain or increase the amount of decaying organic matter. Otherwise the crop will be grown largely from the added fertilizers and not from the plant food of the soil. It is for this reason that it is sometimes stated that if you com- mence to use fertilizers you must continue their use. However, no matter how much we try to render available the immense, stores of food in the soil, we cannot bring it about fast enough to supply, the needs, especially of heavy feed- ing crops, such as the mangels, tur- nips and garden crops. Hence the need of manures. Stable manure cannot always be got in sufficient quantities to fulfill requirements, nor does it always furnish the needed plant food in the right proportions to develop the plant properly. To supplement the manure is the place of fertilisers. Stable manure is essentially a nitrogenous fertilizer. Hence if used in large quantities it will force big leaf and stem growth and retard ma- turity. Consequently, a plentiful sup- ply of stable manure would help the growth of lettuce, spinach, mange!, etc.; but it would not be so satisfac- tory for tomatoes, sugar beets, or other crops that must be brought to maturity. What these plants need is some stable manure end some min- eral fertilizer to force early maturity. On the other hand, plants like let- tuce,• spinach, etc., are grown for their leaf and stem and maturity is not necessary point, hence e. soluble form of nitrogenous fertilizers may even be added after heavy applications of manure with good results. • The manufacturer of mixed ferti- lizers seeks to prepare special mix- tures that will be suitable for differ- ent crops, but the farmer or gardener should strive to inform himself re- garding his soil and crop needs that he may be able to select the form of fertilizer that will bring about the growth desired, and he should study the fertilizer materials available that he may' buy intelligently and econo- mically.—it. Harcourt, 0. A. College, Guelph. General Farm Hints. Put a plant or two of rhubarb in the cellar which should be kept at a temperature o2 60 to 70 degrees in sand, which is kept moist and in the dark so that it will produce stems and no leaves. Do som,,e reading on gardening work for this year, but more especially think aver the fail- ures of the last. If the roads are in good shape, get your manure out and spread. A dressing of 8 to 10 loads per acre will keep the orchard in condition. If buying in the Iarger cities, order early as the car situation is serious enough to delay shipments. Light pruning of apple orchards, taking put the -small wood with the long -handled pruners, may be carried out during bright weather. Grape trimming may also be looked after When the weather is suitable.. 'Before feeding or selling any grain crops: make good provision for your own seed supply. Finish cutting out of black knot of cherry and plum. Inspect and oil, windmill` before *inter. ` • If• weather is fine and warn ; may continue to spray peach trees and give ; first application to trees badly, infested with San Jose scale. On. rough days duripg this and=sue- eeeding months it is well to lib over all • packages, barrels, boxes, etc., mending broken carriers, _:handling. baskets. Be sure pumps are in good con- dition. It :is not too early to consider the question of getting help for the big crop1920. which will have to be raised in Depreciation of sketoi very. Didyou ever think otthe'relation of the farmer' 'batik ae "tint -t 'the' tool ,Shedf Machineryrdip rei fie s 'fater ire thee 'weatherthan dosoin , nee.•°>:The 't=ine- saved by;:hav:ing a ruM r.. Irnplenienf swill soonspal for rite ' GET ON LAND EARLY The Dates to Plant for iiaa�viesf Yields, To Make- Most Money Froth Wool Shearitg Drast Be Done Pro , fly and Wool needled . Carett ,y A Few Hints Which Have Saved Farmers Dollars. (Contributed by Ontario Department of Agriculture, Toronto.) IMRE is a best time to sow each class of farm crops to. secure the highest returns. It is difficult, however; to know which are the most favorable dates for the best return of the dif- ferent erops in all seasons. The re- sults' of eeperiments conducted over a series of years form a good gen- eral guide. Sonic crops give best re- sults from later seedings. Season.e vary so much that in some years the grains are practically all sown by the dates at which it is Only possible to start sowing in other years. it is of the utmost importance, however, to start cultivating the land as early* as it is dry enough to work to good :ad- vantage. The first cultivations sitould take place for those crops which should be first sown. in tbi 'eonnee- tion it is interesting to stt}dy the re- sults of an experiment which 'was conducted. in each of five ,^,ears at the Ontario Agrieultural_,College. Spring wheat, barley, oats" eh,.d' peas were sown on each of six.daths. One week was allowed between• each two dates, The experiment wF slicondect- ed in duplicate by sowing �aN!th the grain drill and broadcast by band in each instance. The following table gives the average results'far,tbe tee tests in the five-year Per%d. Bushels of Grain„i?er Acre, Spring Bar- Seedlings. Wheat, ley. Oats. Peas, last . , 21.9 46.2 75.2 25.4 2nd ...... 19.2 45.9 76.0 28.8 3rd .. 15.4 39.8 64',2 28.5 4th _. 13,0 37.1 55.8 25.5 5th 8,4 27.6 45.2 21.5 6tli , 6,7 18.4 37.0 1L5 It will be seen that the spring wheat gives de•idedly the best re- turns from the first date of seeding. There .is not mu. -h difference between the "first two seedings of barley and oats, but there is a slight advantage from the first date in the ease of bar- ley and from the second date in the case of oats. The peas, however, gave the highest returns from the second and third dates, and even the fourth gave a higher average yield than the first date. After the first week was past there was an average decrease per acre for each day's de- lay as the season advanced of 27 pounds of spring wheat, 47 pounds of barley, 48 pounds of oats, and • 20 pounds of peas. r . These esults are of special,inter- est and are worthy of careful atten- tion at this particular time. Sheep Shearing. Shearing and Tying the Fleece.— Shearing leece — Shearing should only be carried on under the most favorable conditions; upon bright, warm sunshiny days' when the sheep are: dry of fleece and the wool has "risen" somewhat from the body. Cleanliness and care in the removal of all fleeces is very es- sential and the shearing floor should be swept after each fleece has been removed and tied. This will elim- inate a great deal of foreign matter which, although it may add weight, does so at the expense of quality. Dung Locks or Tags.—It will be noticed with many fleeces that there are certain hard dung locks or tags adhering to the britcli ends. These contain a great deal of moisture and if left on and rolled into the fleece produce a damp heavy condition that means a higher shrinkage and hence less value. They should, whenever present, be snipped off; with the shears before the sheep' is shorn or else pulled off by hand after the fleece is spread out for, rolling. They can very easily be packed and. shipped separately, bringing more money this way than if left upon the fleece, The same is true of all paint clotted locks as' well. Rolling the Fleece.—Spread the fleece out on the floor, being careful not to pull it apart and with the flesh. side down. Then fold the belly wool and both sides in until your fleece re- presents a strip about 18 inches wide. end, roll tightly Starting at the tailg y toward the neck, thus leaving the shoulder wool, which is always the superior portion, on the outside of -the roll. The grader always estimates the grade by the appearance and quality of this wool over the shoulder and heart -girth, that over the .hied - quarters hind -quarters usually running a grade or two lower. Tying the Fleece.—Having rolled tightly, tie both ways with the spe- cial: paper' twine supplied by the, De -l., partment. Never under any consider -e ation use binder twine, as the ;fibres become attached to the wool and fol - lo right through into : the spleen+ where they always show up, suite prominently. Many mills have reftis ed to• have anything whatever for do with clips that have ' been tied ;;with binder twine. If the paper twine is not available use any stout cordpther than binder, twine. Tie each fleece separately, never tying two or three together in the same bundle. Furthermore, avoid' as much as pos- sible `the' shipping of loose wool. If, you have two or three different breeds of sheep, Possibly a 'gr de dock and a, pure-bred 'Hock, -it' is wise to keep the wool fi:om each breed separate and .pack it so.—Director: R. W. Wade, 13.S.A., Ontario ,Depart- went of Agriculture. number of varieties o A f ani ae are, in cultivation; lip( to mpe�t;:th�l' p resent demand the Small'White'.Pea heart is particularly suitable, ,'.. .,Care oho ltd be exercised in'securing 'welee- oiatured • seed. of `. stiong 'vita ity a,{. c. nany.of the. beans grown last''yeari ►reunsuitable for , plantin.g. New Treatment That Knocks Rheumatism 75c. BOX .i'REETOANY SUFFERER UP in. Syracuse, N. Y., a treatment for rheumatism :has been tounJ that Hundreds o users'sayis a wonder. •re.- portrng cases that seem a ,ii,tle short of ,niEraculous. Just a few treatments evert the very tworst-cases seem ,o accomplish wonders even after other remedies have failed entirely. It seems to n=eutralize the uric acid and l=ine salt deposits in the blood, driving all tite poisonous cloggingwaste from the system. Soreness, pain, ,.tiffnees, swelling lust scent to melt away and vattisb. The treatment 'forst introduced by itlr, Duane is so good that its owner wants everybody who suffers from rheumatism. or who has a friend so afflicted, to get a free 15c. package from him to prone just whet: it will do in every ease before a penny. :s Spent. Mr. Delano says ; "To pros„e that the Dellan,o treatment wt',i:l pos itiveiy overcome rheumatism, no mat- ter how severe, stubborn, or !r ere standing the case, and even atter all other treatments have failed, I will, iii you have never previously used be trdatment, send you a full eiee 75,•. �pa�chge free if you will send your name and address with 10c, to he'p- pay postage and distribution expense to me personally.” F. H. Delano, 1672, Griffin Square Bjadg„ Syracuse, N. Y. I can sen 1 anly one Free Package to an. addreee. Clutton--F:re ia•.st week seriously damaged the front part of the res, once of ..\V. A. McGuire, North street The firemen were able to save flu furodture. The blaze is said to have been causes by a defective chimney.. • Tuckersnri`h—Mr. D. Fothcringha •i thio week ,sold his prize draught tea to Mr tF T'latnrner, of Wi,,:nipeg wh l will take them to the West for showy purposes. --_ S et f of th—Minis Janet Lo '.. '.. dined 'n Egmorndvi.le on. S=unday.: of °r a alis -t Btlness from pneumonia! Mas Lockie who ts-ars ie her 6Sth year had spent Practically all her life in Tueket•Ismith. Township and Sea�fortb, and :or 15. years had been housekeeper for ,l••. late, John Campbell—The death oceer ed at his home, Goderiich street:, Eaee on Monday ,last of aria of the pi,one. r residents sof efe il1.op, and for the past few years Ia ijghly respecte�•t e sident pi Sea,forth, in th oersoa : f Mr. M.iehael Wash in his seven,:. - third year. Clinton—'The funeral of Sarah Tun•' relict of the late George Basal,;.=•i hook place cn Wednesday. 'rhe iseased diad at Detroit af:,e- a ego •. i ituesr l he late Mrs. Harland n• rs born dn. 1;-o o,.is_ock and afterwar.'s lereJ here where, she was marr:�ed. ':'- and Mrs Haij'and ;Deft .here about 15 years ago to reside in 1?eUtt.�..� Mr. Harland ,died a year ago last 24th of December. MITCHELL—Mize McDoaiald, wife e -f Robert Smith, died ,ori Jan. 11 aged f3-} years. She had resided here about 50 years, Besides -.her husband a fam- ily of sons and daughters survive. The funeral took plane an We=dnesday,. TO OUR CORRESPONDENTS We would ask our correspondents not to include in their news budgets advance notices of events, unless they add a note indicatiag to whom such items are to be. charged. ALMOST A WHOLE FAMILY - PERISH. Two sisters, sole survivors of a. once happy family, greeted ns ploas- antly, as we visited in a sunny ward at the Muskoka Free Hospital. The mother and.several other members of. the fancily had died of consumption, and ' the plague had marked these, two girls also for its own; but fortunately they- were found in time. One ed them said: "I feel the Hos- pital has done me a great deal of good; everything is lovely, and t like it awful Htill„'.' The other: "1 have gained,twelve pounds, and think 1 will be able to :go ' home for good. in six months.” Sue is the .work of the Muskoka. Free Hospital for Coneuriipt'ives_ Thousands of grateful patients can testify to the help they have received therein. 'It.costs a great deal of money to carry on the work: Will ,you help? • Contributions may be sent.to y S•ir William Gage, 84 Spadina avenue, or George A. Reid, 223 College street„. Toronto. OVER -ACIDITY of the stomach has upset many ,a height's rest. If your stomach is acid - disturbed, dissolve two or three 1-nom5 on the tongue before retiring and en- joyeshi see i refreshing 4g i. The urp p tY and i- guaranteed b goodness of IK molds guar t y SCOTT & BOWNE MAXERS OF SCOTT'S EMULSION 19-'2A