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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Exeter Advocate, 1920-1-8, Page 3Address communications to Agronomist, 73 Adelaide $t,. Weet, Toronto Clean Milk With a Milking Machine, myriads of minute pores. Live stean. There is .,an old proverb, "Where employed in this case caned -be used Ignorance is bliss, tns folly to he or the rubber will soon be destroyed, • n these days of commercial The method employed at the present emu: ti,,on and id the application of time is that of fminersing the rubber scientific principles to the every -day parts in some kind of sterilizing :solu- worl of the.farm, this proverb no tiou betty e the milking*, . after first longer holds. Ignorance, or let us thoroughly'rinsing out any milk that •y more kindly, lack of knowledge, is may remain behind. The success of to -day one of the big, factors limiting this method depends, as can be readily the profits made on our farms, Ig- understood, on the germicidal property noreince to -day means poverty, and of the solution employed. When a poverty is not bliss, as anyone who suitable solution is used the results has ever tried it knows well. There- are very eatisfectory indeed. fore, let us lay hold of knowledge, and It is very easy to see that unless we shall find that lit means money in the milking machine is carefully ster our pockets every time. We must be Mud, it may be made the lurking g and g students always, as new problems are breeding place of - billions of bacterin, It ie obviously gross neglect to use such centurion agents as plain water, either hot or cold, lime water, soda and water, salt and water. These solu- tions are absolutely worthless as re- tardants of germs, and it is but -a waste of time to use them, Water alone possesses no power to destroy bacteria, uacteria, and so is useless for, We shall not enter lutea discussion ateiiliaing rubber tithes. Lime water •e,, of the construction of the various ma- has weak germicidal properties if chines, but shall consider the sanitary made frown unslaked lime,• if made operation of all machines. This ;is our that s thlakin limo it hseless,and problem them What must we do to, that u lye kind t Lime that we find get clean milia when using a milkingt usually used; the lime also tends machine? It is a problem that d to cake on the thin rubber parts of elands the closest attention of ct e the test cups and inside the tubing: men, of milkings-urachi er aa,, and for this reason it should not be ue risers, of used. Tile germicidal properties of prospective milking machine users, or even a ten per cent. solution of salt manufacturers of these machines. are very hunted, and .in weaker solu- If it once becomes established that tions we find bacteria flourish a , machine milk is usually of an inferior red grow. Therefore, we must find so ne- sanitary quality, there will grotty up a thing that can °be easily used some - Fire against ;it, and factories will P thi Y r w arising constantly, and methods of farming change from time to time. One of the newer problems that is confronting a number of dairymen to- day is that of securing milk of a satis- factory sanitaryu l"' ld method of milkiig by bandlis discaen the rd - ed and the newer method of milking by , mzucliiner� is adapted on the farm, Fire Fib on th e Every year millions of dollars' line is :to stoxe it. in a tank buried worth of farm property is ..destroyed•: underground, and,under no circum- This loss is a total one, too,for the stale:es should it be kept inside any material burned up cannot be ebmpen-1 building ling where Leis n .ecedary to take I sated for by such °tnsuranee as is care; an epee li 'ht or where a gasoline en ried, and in practically every instance gine.capable of producing a spark is the. fixes are preventable; 1 operated, If the gasoline container ' � �` a 'a �'�4 y One 'of. the most efficient parts of permits v „s > - m �` p is vapor to escap et fire may be Address communications to 73 Adelaide St, West, Toronto every city government is its fire de-• : the result, for the valox from a singlet pa t ent„ en axe .aisle in ie ax pint u z len( er .e air t influenza, o me etc mar r fir _. e#z h n g ti � and powerful engines sited recon explosive. It is heavier and fighting equipment stand ready at than air, and it will acceimulate near all times to respond instantly to an the floor where it is liable to be ignit- alarm. In the country no such system' ed by th 'flame of a'. •lantern set on is available. Farm dwellings are more the` ground near the or less remote; the water supply is tainer. gasoline can- often -made PP �' Many an explosion and fire inadequate to cope with a seri- has occurred by'a farmer entering a ' ous . blaze, and many inflammable closed room with a lantern ,in which materials are kept constantly on band, open asoline an such as hay p g tank is ;jocatecl. ^i'or and oils, 1't is the part of this reason open flame lights should wisdom for ever ' farmer,therefore . Ynever be allowed ' 1 edma ",seer to give serious � g tha o • th ught to all methods building containing the'farm tractor for the prevention of fires and means or gasoline engine, and such. a build f or overcoming them should one occur. Every farmer should study lois buildings and their contents from the same point of view a fire inspector would in a city building, to see that ing should never be heated with a stove. The automobile or tractor should be run outside while the tanks are being filled. The tank of a gaso- line engine should. be filled only 1 y all the things are done that can be daylight and not when the engine is done to improve ''conditions so that running. Gasoline fires are very di fi- fire canlittle .not easily l s start, and t t Y ode -c uI t ventral, on of 0 tr forv water a r re has Ii • l r to terrain() the best '.ways of fighting any effect upon them ,and in most cases t fires -that may start. Ile should bear merely spreads the flames. an mind t that any or f �' preventive ilTany farm fixes are caused by burn- ing brush 'tar rubbish getting beyond control, Where rubbish "is burned near buildings, it should not' be left until the last ember is dead,'and no b fire should he built so big that it , could not be scattered and extinguish - a ed in a few minutes if the wind should .„4" oulel • 0 doubly protected, as well as get too high. No such fire should be o�,iding adequate protection ;for all left T Influenr,*a or grippe is an e diiseeee which extends with ordinary rapidity. It is like1 ""get,,, some 40 per cent. of the lation it visits, and to be epi from six to eight weeks. Its sp germ, 'without which, of, cours existence were impossible, is Bacillus influenzae. "Cold in hoe he<.(coryza); d "n ar S all over P o r the bones"; ehflls r'zd fever; s ing, sometimes ser, enoug prostrate, are the distinz:;ve feat In the respiratory (the.most com- mon) form of the grippe, the eyes are watery and inflamed; the handker- chief is—or ought to be• -.in con requisition to keep the germ others as it is sneezed, coughe spat out. p t o t Sore throat, bxont pain in the •chest and profuse pers ion are in evidence. Orth i e digestive apparatus r.zay er most: nausea, vomiting, coil colie, jaundice perhaps, debility i ably, Or the nervous symptoms ma est manifest. intense headache aekache, pain ;in the eyes, a TS ulse, inflammation of partie erves or a :group of nerves, depre spirits and a profound prostra he suffering inay be so great 12e diagnosis of meningitis may ade. Or there will be the fourth the eculiarly febrile Toru., in which the eniperature may go up to the danger- ous height of 105 degrees; this febrile form es to be differentiated froze, t '; h. v e o fever. ,d P e mat G i y omia" lh esti n:. o of extra-grippe—he t net oat, and kidney s:isesase,` :y to middle ear disease, and xnastoa ab- popu- scesshave to be feared; also pleur- demie •isy and peewee:nig and, ;n young chit ecific' dren; broncho-pneumoni,, e, its Toe ofte't, ale°,griple leaves in its the train chrome ill health, a wobbly heart the and a pathetie listlessness in era,;while " ^ strong •a red Vl virile r le e21 ` '! m and many a offer- case of latent tuberculosis has thin �h to become na logger dormant. ures,' Influenza does not defer to etimate, wind, or weather. Cases are, how- ever, more frequent in the winter months. Stant ^ from Questions and Answers. or Gould a married woman of 35 have hi i insanity t s, or •something wrong with her pira- brain, and still do all her housework for a family of six, keep her house suf- spotless and her four children in Rel.. apse, neeri,. pro- tective measures be may take are for his own benefit, and that the cost of preventing a fire is cheap as compared tie the loss entailed by the average farm fire. Every building has cer- tain pointe which are more susceptible to fired than others, and these points feet order, but get very eross and irritable at times? Answer:---S.uch a" mother might in- deed have insanity, but not on account Y be and of the things you mention. Most any ting mother who does her part in, the world ular will get cross and irritable at tures; ssed but if every mother who had family time nares. got something wrong with her that be Piunattended for even a few aline the faint units. utes, for a burning ember may be m Special care should be taken with blown into some nook where it will. cause damage. Where there is a good deal of rubbish to be burned in 'the p farm yard, a good plan is to build of t t rough brick furnace or use a discarded metal container which will prevent' matches. From the standpoint of "Safety First" only such matches should be allowed on the premises as ill light only when struck on the box. The ordinary parlor nnatch will take fire at a very low temperature and can be lighted in 'many way% They sometimes fall on the floor and are Iighted by being stepped upon, or when one is scratched az part of the flaming head may fly off into some in- flammable material. Children like to refuse to t k li nag that is cheap and so th by ue of the machine, of the we should lea no stone unturned in our efl'orte. avoid the establishment of such a pr judice while there is time. There is considerable evidence show that the quality of machin drawn milk in many sections is n what it should be at the present tin For this undesirable state of affai we cannot, with any frankness, la the blame on the machine. We a satisfied that with proper care an attention, milk, satisfactory in ever respect, can be produced by any o the leading machines that we find o the market. It is the man on th farm who handles the machine, an the methods employed by hien, tha provide the weak Iink in the chain. Decently a creamery manager re a em k unless it is drawn nze ing that will give us a solution :free from zz¢ gernte and tubes free from germs and ave then we shall findthat the quality o q f' to the milk will be improved. e'" In chloride oaf lime we have a cheap and effective germicide with which a to very satisfactory sterilizing solution e- can be made. One pound of chloride of lime as mixed with ten gallons of 'Ater and after beislg well stirred the lime is allowed to settle to the bottom and the clear. solution is poured off for use. R only a pint or so o£ the water is added to the chloride of lime to start with, the lumps care be more easily broken up and a Strength solu- tion will be obtained. of 0. rs re ever f n A soluttion made up aa above will t retain its germicidal properties up to nearly full strength for about two weeks in summer and three to four I pay with matches, and often cause fires, and it is always a safe plan to put the match holders well out of reach of the younger member's of the fam- ily. Never throw away a used match unless you are sure it is entirely .ex - the spread of any sparks. lin is desired to burn •stubble in the a few furrows should be plowed the fence lines to act as a firebreak. Person when first discovered if the During the warm summer evenings means are at hand, The apparatus when it is sometimes the custom: to should be known tie everybody and 'use Chinese lanterns to l fight the Placed within easy access, A ladder grounds coxing a children s party, long enough to reach to the roof of ,care should be taken, to see that the the tallest building should be kept on candles are put ,in straight and ars hand. blownout before being entirely con A pailof water is the oldest, limp sunned. Care and thoughtful attention lest, and also the cheapest fire extin- brain in eonsequence'the whole world wouldhe just one universal sanitar- ium. Most wives and mothers are never so happy, no;: so healthy in their minds, nor feel so natural, as when they are fussing over their husbands and their children. ore it first aid is to have some kind 6f a field, fire.-extinguistner within easy reach. along Most fires can be put out by a single, h NV e un c h tl i n "1 agree thoroughly," was the store- keeper's reply. "I often have thought ow discouraging it must be for that omen who brought in the 11 dozen xtra quality eggs when she finds that er quality eggs sell for the price of omnnon eggs. I wish T could reward er foe' her efforts but I cannotfor ne reason that she is the only woman this ciuununityy who is trying to produce a standard quality egg. The other women think that an egg is an gg. The, dirties come in with the can ones; the undersize eggs come n with the oversize eggs; the browns re mixed with the whites, So I have buy on an average price, based on verage eggs•because I have to resell n the same 'basis." be An Egg Marketing Association is Ice needed in that neighborhood. ter ng ch be. ice, is- ing tingu,islied, and the best plan is notare even the watchwords that should govern to throw it away at all but save it ofy act of the farmer inthe handl- e to ing fixe or inflammables in what - put in the stove. By having tin recep ever form, for if not he znay not only tacles hung at such points where mat- get his fingers burned but all. hi rhes are struck, it is easy to place the worldly wealth, too. s used match therein, Matches ;should Stoves and chimneys are frequent never be struck in the `barn, or around causes of rums fires. Stoves should h not be placed too close to papered walls or woodwork unless a sheet of zine is placed between thein, The w ecks in winter, depending on net loose ay, and snatches should never of temperature at which it is held. As mo tarried loose.in the pocket for they long as it will turn blue a sari might fall, out and be stepped on, p of narked: "My experience with niilkin machine -5 has proved to me that n more than one-third of the patrons who own a machine really knaws how to handle it successfully,' From what I myself have seen of'milking ma- chines, as operated on the average dairy farm, l: would say that in nine eases out of ten the methods used could be easily improved and the quality of the, milk very considerably raised, In days gone by every farmer and his good wife told you that the milk produced on their farm was always clean. But p,long came the sediment tester, ai.d we found that much of the so-called clean mills was really very dirty milk, when it reached the test room. Those little eaten discs showed up the milk, and cony/fixed the farmer that at was time to'turn over a new leaf, and that he really must clean up and keep clean. This is a simple test - and one that 'is easily understood. Every factory should make sediment tests of their patrons' mills every once in' a while and the discs obtained should be returned to them on mailing cards. Baeteriologi- cal tests are more complicated and not so easily understood by the average farmer, but to one who has a knowl- edge of the subject, they yield infor- mation regarding the quality of milk that can be gotten in no other way. Clean milk is produced from clean and healthy bows and sanitary stables by healthy and `clean employes; ;it must be handled in clean employes; of suitable material and construction and in a satisfactory 'sanitary ma:~lner from the moment it leaves° the, udder of the cow. No farmer who fails; sys tematically and regularly to wash his 'milking machine can hope to produce clean milk, although he live up to all the' other essentials, because the'new milk' is quickly contamir. atecl with germs which lurk in every corner of– a dirty machine. No farmer who leaves the rubber tubes and teat -cups e his machine soaking in a solution' teeming with bacteria can produce clean riiik,'�as, every drop of• mile that is drawn soon becomes contain•inated with• : germs :from these test•,.ups'' and • t 'tubes. Let us turn to the question and see' what we can learn abanr, the sanitary problems of the milking machine: In the first place let us consider the rub t -fiber teat -cups • and tubing through which the' milk has to pass in all the t machines, with one exception, that.are- G on the market. Owing to the porosity h of its structure, we find that rubber, m which. comes into .frequent coptact s with milk, is very difficult tai keep!„ clean, in fact, we may say^ thea' it 'is''''. impossible to keep it really clean by bl many of the ordinary methods that have i been lased. for cleaning the ordinaryrb dairy apparatus on the - farm ' `'" " °r pe Although 'washing powder, hot y water and lint rhes will remove a lot U. ' t'•.^' d lee"they cannot tune "enLthe 1 h' • have lodged' in the 0 starch-potassumiodide test pap diiiped into it, its germicidal proper ties. are o. k.; as soon as it fails produce this change its germicidal properties have gone and it must be thrown away and a new solution made. The: metal parts of theneilking ma- chine should be thoroughly clean and scalded each time after the m chine has been used, and then plat in a place where they will be ke clean until -needed again. The teat cups and tubing should be fitted on th machine and well rinsed out befor and after use every time; warm .ate should be used for rinsing befor milking to remove all traces of th chloride of lime; warm water an washing powder .should be need firs after milking and then hot water, put ting the -tubes in the sterilizing solu- tion. All teat -cups should be taken apart at least once a weak and given a thor- ough scrubbing with hot water and washing powder, and the tubing must be well washed outwith the brushes provided as well. They should then be rinsed in hot water before:putting together and returning to the chloride of lime.: If this can. be done `twice a week so much the better, but it must be done at least once a week if satis- factory results are to be obtained., A.point that i soften` overlooked is the necessity of having the teat -cups and rubber "'tubing completely immers- ed in the-- chloride of lime solution; a sufficiently•large container and a suf- ficient quantity of the< solution must be used, as We do'.not get the required results if these parts, as we often see them, are'stickingiup out.of the solu- tion into the air.. -We must be careful to, see that the solution fills the tubing and' net, as we find iti sonie cases, where the ends dip into it but the centre of the tube remains filed, with air. Producing clean milk with a milking. machinle is no automatic ;affair, nor is it as easy as it -is •ofttinies pictured, but with proper care and; attention to- essentiial' details it'can be very, eel,. airily done. , ringshould be prohibited in barns er:. or in the vicinity of oils ante greases. " `Kerosene is used on nearly* every to farm and carelessness in its. uae has resulted in many bad fires. An over- turned lamp or :lantern quickly sets fire to surrounding objects, and from the standpoint of fire protection the d installation of electric lights will be found cheap in the long run, even. ed though the cost of 'installation nn•ay Pt seem high at the start. Where oil - lamps are used those with metal hod - e floor near stoves or open fireplaces Should be protected from hot coals which might drop out. Wherever stove pipes pass through wooden partitions or roofs they should be protected by tile insulators or other fireproof material. Chimneys should be examined frequently for cracks, and when these occur, they should be filled with plaster or cement. All chimneys should be cleaned regularly to remove the soot and other inflam- mable material that may gather there. les should be preferred, as they are Often the birds will build nests in e not as likely to break if overtufned as' chimneys not used, and a considerable glass ones. For lanterns the farmer e should choose the type especially de - e signed to avoid danger wlhen handled d carelessly, such as are used on rail - t roads. The week should always fit ' We /Mist agree that it is .better to wear out than to rust out, but better than either is 'to wear;• so that one may attain three score and ten with. he unimpaired, . faculties that the good od gave. It is hard to persuade the igh-powered youngster of this truth; ost men. have to learn it in the dear chool of experience, o-• Luck means rising at 6 o'clock din le morning, living' on a' dollar a day, f you earn two, minding your': own usiness and not meddling'' with other colt's; luck means "appointments ou have never failed to; keep,] t ains you have never failed to: catch; ick means trusting in,«od and your: wn res spew, quantity of straw thus accumulated. Stoves should never be allowed to be- come overheated, and spark arresters, made of wire netting, should• be pnt over chimneys, olianing near wooden tightly. Enough Vapor to produce an: roofs,. By seeing that the pitch of explosion may be generated if a lamp is • refilled while hot, 'and this filling should never take place in the imme- di"ttte vicinity of a hot stove, Keep lamps away front the edge of tables; the roof on: new buildings constructed is sufficient to prevent any sparks lodging on the shingles, or by painting them to provide a smooth surface over or where they can be easilyknocked winch cinders will roll easily, many fires may lie prevented., off or overturned, On. the modern farm, which is too far removed from'city power lines, eiiher an individual electric • lighting plait -or some one of the seveiral good gas lighfing plants si ould'be lhetalled. The=coet-is not'eiccessiVe and besides Often hay, especially clover and al- falfa, which has been -stacked or plac- ed in the barn when wet with dew or rain, will generate sufficient heat to start a fires Spontaneous combustion has been known to take place in damp fodder and straw, and bins of moist the comfort and convenience they will grain and seeds are also dangerous in give,. the.proteetion against fee ,will this respect. Fires can be avoided easily' repay the investment within a from these causes by' frequent inspee- short time, In these days °it is about as common to see a'faini without'an atttotnoliile as to find one without work stock. On tion or the _use of wrong material. To many farms v likewise find gasoline guard against serious loss from- this engines to turn the cream • separator; source the smoke house should be pump water, or a dozen other neces- placed at a safe distance from other sary duties. Gasoline must be kept to buildings, and should be: watched care - feed these mechanical workers, and fully when in -use. - usually i1= is kept' in fairly large guars Where poultry is raised,• incubators, tities, such as drams or barrels. Gaso-brooders, . feet] -cookers, and all :other line is a dangerous product to have equipment, requiring oil stoves or around,•for even; under ordinary temp other ':heat, are used, and such ecluip- r �• tion of stored materials. 1Sinoke houses are frequent causes of farm fires,• due to faulty construe-. e atv_ es 't g es o a very explosive merit .should be carefully watched.•In vapor, and it burns very'fierdely when purchasing these things, only the best ignited. The safest way to keep gaso- and sun•plest. should be bought, and • THE CHEER?UL CHEF JB>: eseeematiearaelameeeeeemeaseeseeesee The winter brims -vs sparkling And cheeks a.s red -e s roses A� least it a.lwe.yts does in books --- In lire it bring$ blue noses. 11: then, installation should be carried on with a view totiiepbssible fire hazard, Lightning is said to destroy proper- ty to the value of over eight million aiinvally, most of which is , in the country. Where' thtniderstorms are frequent the danger from lightning, is the greatest, and practically the only protection which the farmer can pro- vide against this danger is the, lightn- ing rod.' Properly installed lightning rods 'reduce the'probability of a barn being destroyed by fire by about nine- ty nnie'p i cent„ end ' of a house by over eighty per cent. While the easiest way to fight fire is to prevent it,. and 'the foregoing e ggestloi's ate made with that object iin view. yet fires do occur and every farmer should make some provision in advance for such a eontiagency; Practically every fire` is a email one ! at the start, and -the ' most effective guieher. : They are so' effective in ex- e tinguishing small fires. that no farm el should be.without them placed at i a to 0 strategic points, The usefulness of the fire bucket depends upon its being instantly available, and to insure this the water ,should never be used for any oth r th ca two bu us Fi tin use d I sid su sta kep The the of be tha less aPP up T. has many advantages over wate buckets. Since it can be used fo nothing elee, it is always sure to be its place and ready when neede Furthermore, muck types of chemical extinguishers are' effective in subdu ling fires among oils; where water i er purpose. The buckets should culled at frequent. intervals to k e 'water fresh. Where there is de er of freezing in winter, the •w'a n be kept, from freezing by addi pounds of ,common salt to ea" cketful, or calcium chloride may ed if metal .buckets are in sere' re buckets should be painted a d etive color to' preyent their bel e for ordinary purposes. n buildings which are located con- erable distances front the water pply, it is a good precaution to in - 11 a cask or barrel. which can be t filled with water for fire use. presence 'of this water may save Estimating the Hen's Capacity. There are features about the index method a elassifyieg hens for egg production which appeal strongly to the poultry keepee who wishes to keep intelligent record of egeprodue- tion, yet shies at the labor involved in year-round use of trapnests. The flock is trapnested for tout months during the season a most fav- orable production couditions—IvIareh, April, May, Junea In this period' a hen's best sixty-day record of consecu- tive laying is recorded. The nuinber of eggs laid during the first thirty days is called the "rate"; the number of eggs daid daring the second thirty days is called -the "persistency." The two are multiplied together to obtain the "life" index number, then divided by three to obtain' the estimated one year's production,. d. The Great West Permanent Loan Company. s Toronto Office 20 King st. Veest of no value. There are many varieties of these extinguishers. Their con- struction is simple and they are easy to operate. The extinguishers can be refilled many times. Two farm women came into the town one afternoon las, freagust, ea.ch with a basket o,f eggs. -One beeket held 11 dozer). extra quality eggs, eleane even in size, uniform in color and of ,stalsdard 'weight. The other basket contained 12 dozen fair qual- ity eggs, many dirty, not ueiforin in either size or color. The storekeeper counted the eggs in. each basket, transferred them to a case containing' - eggs vvhich had previouslY been brought hy other we/nen, and paid' each Woman' the same price per dozen.' "Is there no distieetion made be -1 tween extra quality and fair•quality?" I asked, after the women bad gone. "As one who bas shipped tho,usands of dozene of eggs you must know that.! good size, even eolored, clean eggs' sell more readily and command a bet -e' ter price on the retail markets than' mixed eggs." 4% allowed on Savings. Interest computed. quarterly. Withdrawable by Cheque. 81/2% on Debentures, Interest payable half yearly: WANTED Poultry, New Laid Eggs Dairy Butter, Beans, Bolling Peas, etc. Write for our Weekly Price List and advise what you have to offer. Special Prices for Fancy Qualizty Gunn, Langlois, & Co., Ltd. Montreal, - Que. HIRAIVI JOHNSON The oldest established RAW FUR DEALERS In Montreal Highest Market -Prices Pate. Satisfaction Guaranteed to Shippers. Send for Our r•rice L3.st. 410 St. Paul St. West • Montreal. W,g are Buyers of Ontario Grains and Sellers of Western Feeding Oats and Barley, ROYAL BAN( WM-Nilo., "O-EVATA 4693 TO kONTo