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The Exeter Advocate, 1919-7-17, Page 2• By Agronomist. This Department is for the use of out -farm readers who want the advice if an expert an any question regarding soil, seed, crops, etc. If your question s of sufficient general Interest, It will be answered through this column. If stamped and addressed envelope ie enclosed with your Letter, a complete answer will be mailed to you, Address Agronomist, care of Wilson Publishing Co., Ltd., 73 Adelaide St. W. Toronto. Get the Binder in Shape. The grain binder is one of the implements which is used only a few days a year and then put away until 'another harvest has relied around, and because of this is ver,: likely not._ to be in first-class condition unless given a thorough overhauling before: being taken out into the field. An re pairs should, of course, have been ordered last fail and put on before the rush season began; but in this article we wish to point out some of the things v.hich are often overlooked entirely, but which help greatly to make the binder work satisfactorily,' The first thing for you to do is to. secure Peens your dealer or from the firm making the binder, a copy of tlic; r boehlet on hinder operation and troat.ales. Practically every firm puts out st: h a hack anti you can get it if you go after it hart enough. We can help you considerably through these segaestiene, but we are limited as to :race and mese over the points. gen ` - ea as to apply to all types of Lie than :Bowing a' see •.,1 reeeer i:y means of diagrems. Wr`t f 'r : egar booklet to-iley and they can be made quickly. A strip of thin leather put on the inside of the canvas will make the stick hold much better. The canvas straps should be gone over to see that all are in good shape and fastened firmly. Many op- erators: make the mistake of drawing the straps too tight, as the canvases should be run as loose as possible and net slip. A little powdered resin scat- tered inside the canvas will do away with the necessity of pulling up the straps so tight, which not only cuts the life of the canvas but requires more power to operate. The flap to a canvas should be long enough to cover up completely the op- ening. It is long enough to do this when new, but the majority of operat- ors, instead of tying it down, let it flap around and it soon whips off, If this has happened, a new piece should be sewed inside the old flap, or, better still, be tacked under it at the first stick. Seine means should be arrang- ed for tying this flap down at each buckle. Straw wrapping round the roller it- self is nearly always due to lad; o1 a proper flap to the car,v,ae, but etedy in]m et home and in the lna:le worse if the grain is allowed to fell,?. and it will chose you how to pre- go up tea nisell endwise,. whieh also vent elar.e :a Linder dor tm•oehle, makes it dit leant to make <a ret;t bun - Go evor the hireler cuefulIy to see die. Some help tonin.s keepleg the that na bolts: or nuts are missing or heads batik can be see':reel h settnae lees.', es there are is ::all.ya few the outside er ;•rain-rrhee', end. rel 1 l ane rens. re :ihelo•t to work ahead of the other end. It is of tea oft'. T1s:e is tecore likely to happen necessary, however, tea stave a fiat where two inks;; parts bolted togeth- strip of iron v. -bleb fastens at the er are seta . '.,.1 to .'ons,,ilraile vi-•.r'arn-C:...`:1 earl and lies over the br bila, The 'fno t satisfactc way platform �.^.,, in sueh a wey es to ,. them g3holes bake the heads , ta�s..eo•c... ,..cm from wor,.ln,, loose n .hr, .ears sufii.l�nt.;. a few s 1a '.'1, leek, washer. If thele merits male with a: prick-penLh or are stet :va:1;111e, a seeeed or loek-nut nail from the hewer aide should; make rase- be use.; if bait :, Ione en. gh, it all right. An'4her seethed is by putting a sheet Straw wrapping around the Mier of bass or heavy tin under the nut Pins or gudgeons may he due to the and trier, beeline,- it up so as to pre- canvas creeping to one side, to its vert the nut frim turning. Still an- being ;welly torn along one. edge or to other et e tive way is to take a prick- the flap not being ,sufii: ient to cover punct cr nail and make a slight nick in one of the belt threads just above the net. This will snake a little tra„ble :f the nut has to be removed, but will not be serious. Usually, how - the opening. It is aggravated by grain going up too much endwise and also by too much end play of the rol- lers. If this is caused by the supports spreading, the proper adjustment must ever, if the nut is turned down firmlybe made, but care must be taken that and then the tip of the bolt painted' the rollers are square after this is with heavy lead paint, little ar no done. If the end play is due to wea r,'tee-able front nuts coming off will be , it is advisable to slip heavy leatmer. eltperieneed, l washers in at the end to fill up the Where a mit is too loose on a bolt,{ space as moll. as possible. These can due to the threads being, somewhat! be split and slipped in with the roller worn, the threads can often be made: in place, but it is better to take the to hold by laying a strip of thin tin' roller out where it can be done, with-! or brass or even cloth along the bolt; out too much trouble. and screwing the nut on over this.1 Many operators make the mistake' Sometimes fine wire or cord wrapped! of running their sprocket chains too into the threads will make them hold, i tight, which not only wears the chain Another way is to set the nut on: too rapidly, but requires too much edge and strike with a hemmer until power to operate. They should be run it will grip the threw] on the bolte as loosely as possible and still not Sometimes when it is desired either' jump off. If a chain rides up on a to tighten or remove a nut, it is found: sprocket and produces a jerking ac-' to be "frozen" or stuck so t';glitly to tion, it is because the wear has allow the bolt that it is impossible toLtarn ed the chain to stretch, so that the it without danger •of twisting off the pitch is not correct, This can often be' bolt. In such a case, the nut can remedied by setting each link on end usually be loosened by holding are ax and striking et lightly with a hammer or heavy piece of iron aga,nst one so as to shorten it enough to make up face and striking the opposite face for the wear. Closing down the hooks with a hammer. The other sides, will do practically no good. ! should be struck in the :,•ame way Chains should be put on so that and then kerosene worked in around each link has its hook end pointing in' the nut. In working such a nut off , the direction of motion and with the after it has been loosened, plenty of open side of the hook out. Running in oil and patience should be used, and the other way will increase the trouble the nut worked back and forth until from wear very much. it is finally gotten off. y Probably no ordinary farm imple-; A round -headed bolt' which turns' ment suffers mor:' from poor oiling when it is necessary to remove the' than the binder. Part of this fault is' nut ma.y often be held by catching' due to the construct'on and location; with a pair of pliers or pipe wrench, of oil holes. They have no provision- the part which projects through the, for holding oil or keeping out dust, nut. Sometimes the head may ba, and many of them are put in such in - pried up enough so that it may be accessible places that the farmer is caught by the pliers or pipe wrench. more to be pitied than censured for Sometimes the head mal be filed on not crawling in to get at them as two opposite sides so that it may be, often as they need attention. The held by a wrench. If another nut is greater part of the fault is due to available, it ,is usually quicker and the fact that many operators have more satisfactory to split the nut off not grasped the fundamental principles with a cold chisel and put on another.; of machinery lubrication, that the Before such a bolt is replaced its ideal method is to keep a film of oil should be bushed by strips of tin puts in the bearings at all times. The near - on two sides. I est approach to this is to put on a All broken or lost cotter pins, small` amount of oil at frequent inter - should be replaced. In fact, it will vals, rather than a spoonful twice a pay any farmer to keep an assortment day. The oil which goes on the out - of bolts, nuts and cotter pins on hand! side of the bearing does no good and for such emergencies as may arise; I only helps in catching the dirt. There any day in the operation of the binderare many places on the binder, fast - or other farm machinery. I moving places 'with little provision for All broken reel arms and slats, and holding oil, which should be oiled every also any canvas sticks should be re- half -mile round. . placed, It is a good idea to have an All veil holes should be carefully extra one of each of these on hand,f cleaned of dirt so that the oil has or at least, some material`frorn which free access to. the ebearing. Shade and proteetion from the glare and heat of the sun mean better and more cheaply matured pullets, more summer eggs from the laying fowl. Plenty of shade should be provided, especially for growing chicks, in order that they may thrive and.prosper dur- ing warm weather. Shelter .furnished by plants or trees is much cooler than that afforded by buildings or other artificial means. Chicks allowed to range in orchards will not only find ample shade and green food, but will benefit the trees as well as themselves by destroying insects and worms. Corn or sunflowers will help to pro- vide the necessary shade, or artificial protection may be obtained by sup- porting frames covered with burlap or branches of trees a few feet above the ground. Beware of feeding too mach scratch feed! The chicks get in the habit of eat,ing too much of this and not enough mash, so that when evanter comes and they need a larger propor- tion of mash to help in their egg pro- duction they are not very willing to eat it. Co more scratch feed than the chicks will clean up in about ten min- utes should be fed early in the morn- ing, and in the evening they should be served out just enough to clean up in twenty minutes. Provide, large out- door feed hopperz in the ranges where they will be handy for the birds. They will need plenty of these to prevent crow, ding. 3ucceesful dairymen are nearly always good judges of dairy stock. Training in judging cattle enables one, first, to make few mistakes in buying stock; second, to get better prices for animals he has to sell; and, third, too • breed more skilfully, thus, building up a..profitable herd in the shortest pos- sible time. Judging receives such prominence at shows and fairs that the casual obaerver sometimes earries away the that it is a field for experts xp is cath- er than for the practical farmer. This le an incorrect coalcluslion. Practically everyone evho handles dairy cattle is benefitted by studying the art of judging, cattle. While actual performance is of course the moat convincing evidence of the worth of an ,animal, the exter- nal indications of qu+al,ity which are apparent to the judge of even moder- ate experience will go a long way. toward preventing mistakes. Such in- dications are frequently the only means of estimating the worth of calves, bulls, dry cows, and all stock in which accurate milk records and pedigrees are lacking. To take grease out of leather, ap- ply white of an egg, dry in sun; re- peat if necessary. Piga fed on good forage crops will make many times as mach profit as those fed in dry ;oto. The accredited gain in pork to an acre of forage varies, depending upon the crop, the age of the hog, and am- ount of grain fed. An acre of sweet clover. with corn at S1.50 and hogs at $15 a hun.lr'eii, netted $12.07; rape, $37.50; alfalfa, 65.00; and a combina- tion of oats, peas, and rape, /il.t30. Of all forage crops, alfalfa is the great permanent crop, while rape is the emergency erop, and green rye the fall and early spring crop. The ideal forage crop should show adaptability to soil and climate, permanency, pal - ;debility, reasonable coot of planting, and good pasture at any time during the growing season. Alfalfa, clover, and rape have most of these qualities. As soon as rambler roses are through flowering cut out all the old wood, the branches that bore flowers, and throw the whole support of the plant into the new wood of this year's growth that will flower next year. IN TEN YEARS 500 Dollars rf deposited at 3% amounts to $697.7 But if invested in our 5%% Debentures will amount to, .$860.20 Write for Booklet. The Great West Permanent Loan Company. Toronto Office 20 King St. West, Lambs make cheaper gains when fed corn or kafir with silage and al- falfa than on corn and alfalfa alone. Three rations are desirable for feed- ing lambs: First, corn, alfalfa, silage, and cottonseed meal; second, kafir, al- fal:a, silage, and cottonseed meal; and third, corn or kafir, alfalfa, and cottonseed meal. Lambs fed corn, alfalfa and cotton seed meal will make slightly greater but not quite so cheap gains as those ,, fed kafir, sit tge, alfalfa, and cotton-, seed heal. i Whole grain :should be fed to lambs; because it will not gum as readily as ground grain. A tenth of a pound a'; day is plenty to feed at first, but this should be increased gradually. Within two ar three weeks, when the lambs. are on full feed, two or three pounds of grain should be fed. It isn't wise to crowd or push the lambs, because if they once get off feed they lose rapidly in flesh, Al- ways feed plenty of alfalfa or some other kind of hay along with silage. A quarter of a pound of cottonseed meal a day is enough. Cheap feed, such as damaged hay, can be fed to leml,s with good results, From sixty to eighty days is the common length of the feeding period. The most desirable weight for fin- ished lamhc is between 80 anti 85 pounds. A quarter of a pound gain a day is a creditable showing for lambs: on full feed, Feeder lambs should weigh between 50 and 55 pounds.! ,. They should have a strong frame, be. rugged, show lots of constitution, and he :uniform in size and conformation. They should have size and substance enough to carry plenty of flesh and fat. Lambs of this bind can be bought' through any trustworthy' commission firm. Most sheep feeders drain their feed- ing pens so they will remain dry. No thing is more detrimental to health and thrift of lambs than 'quarters. the. wet: PARCEL POST MARKETING By CHAS. E. RICHARDSON. I have two businesslike, persevering friends who have made a success of parcel -post marketing. One of them keeps a herd of pure-bred cattle in a distrtict far frofp cities. Creamery prices did not satisfy him, and he had no way of selling his whole milk. So he conceived the idea of a farm mail business in certified butter. He learn- ed haw to make certified butter of a high quality. From numerous manu- facturers of paper and wooden ship- ping boxes he obtained samples and quotations, finally choosing a Iight wooden box of two -pounds capacity, manufactured in his vicinity. One dollar for two pounds appeared to him a not unreasonable charge, and that was the,, pries he mentioned ,in his advertisements. These advertisements be placed in the classified ad rages of high-class newspapers. They were short, six -line notices, but they were businesslike and to the point. When the adver- tisements had been running a month and a half, my friend wrote: "Results thus far are only partially satisfac- tory, but I believe a successful busi- ness can be developed if I give suffi- cient time and business effort to it. I mean to stick to it." He made nothing on his parcel -post business in butter during the first six months, but all the time he was mak- ing headway. At the end of that time he had several permanent customers. Their number steadily increased. He took pains to sell extra good butter. Week after week it was of uniform quality. Eventually he discontinued advertising altogether, because he was, getting more order;; than he •could fill. He is a successful parcel -post farm- er to -dray, and he would not think of marketing in any other way. The other' man, city-born,as a young man managed butter and egg stores: Consequently, he knows a good deal about retail market condi- tions and prices. On the farm he pro- duces butter, eggs, and dressed pout:.; try for parcel -post selling. A spring specialty which he makes much of is maple sugar and syrup. The syrup from the home orchard this spring, besides much he bought of neighbors, he sold for $1.75 a gal- lon delivered; allon'delivered; for sugar in 10-1b. pails he got $2. To local' stores at this time other farmers were selling their syrup for $1 to $1.25 a gallon. Within the first two zones `.his mail-order farmer shipped by parcel post, in other zones by express. His syrup sales -last year. exceeded 200 gallons. Yesterday 1 had a letter ox fr om him. "The parcel past can be made to do great wonders," he wrote. "Gan be made!" He bit the mail on the head with those words, "As soon as the buying people realize they are sure of getting their goods, and getting good goods, their orders come thick and fast," This man knows much more about marketing than the aver- age farmer, and he considers the par - eel post indispensable. There is no object in trying to build up a parcel -post business unless you have good stuff to sell. Without first- class goods you will not get repeat orders, and without repeat orders .you cannot sell goods by mail at a profit. Quality is one essential. Another is perseverance, The early days of a parcel -post business are the discour- ageing days, Remember you are build- ing ` up a business for •a lifetime, and i it will pay to build well. For the farmer who looks for quick results, the Thanksgiving and Christ- mas holidays furnish an opportunity. The right sort of an advertisement easily sells turkeys, chickens, and ducks at this time. Don't try to fill your advertisement with too many fancy words. In the early days of mail -marketing city 'people liked the sound of such words as "sweet," ex- quisite," "delicious." Like sugar, such words are all right in small quantity, but city people are sick of them now; they have had too many. So, in your advertisement say less about the flavor of your goods and more about the price and your business me- thods:, By parcel post you can sell a given grade profitably far below the retail price, or at the retail price you can sell superlative goods. Make the consumer' understand these things. You will sell goods by mail if you make your appeal not only to his palate but to his pocketbook. THE CHEERFUL CHERUB ars Z just mvstt wear my summer Furs Tlbotigk' not io- Follow F''asl-rioris rule. -- It's ca.,vse I look so wiatr Y then I m ..l. e m /'elF' ' believe.. I'm cool. aere By John ]3. Huber .A:Tvl,M.D sweep= wttsi.gal2%,":761 Dr. Huber will answer all signed tetters pertaining to Health. If you; question Is of general interest It will be answered through these columns; if not, It will be answered personally [f stamped, addressed envelope is ens closed. Dr. Huber will not prescribe for individual cases or make diagnosis. Address Dr. John S. Huber, IVI,D., care of Wilson Publishing Co., 73 Adelaidi St. West, Toronto Sunstroke and Heatstrokee,. It is very important to make the distinction. The heat stroke, the heat; exhaustion sufferer is prostrated, in! collapse; his skin is cool or cold ane clammy; his muscles are relaxed; hist pulse is slow and thready. His tem- perature is below the normal; and a couple of degrees below the normal (98.0) are much more serious than a couple of degrees above. heat stroke' is the result of prolonged labor at high temperatures, as 'among sto.ters; not necessarily in the sun or in the summer time. The condition may come on at night in closely confined, hot rooms. Such a patient has got to i be stimulated with half -teaspoonful: doses of aromatic spirits of ammonia' in water, until the doctor comes. A' warm bath with hot water bottles to! his feet. But no ice. Sunstroke or thermic fever, on the other hand, comes about generally through exposure directly to the sun's rays (hiring hot spells. ---•i Alcoholics beer drinkers and the like—are here easy narks. In severe cases the vie - On falls un onseioun and may die at once, or after a few hones of coma,' with snowing, deep ;shore:; breathing. Or, if eonei^fs, the suiserer m•ly speak of colored or indistinet vision and headache; there will he sudden arrest of perspiration, the shin dry and hot. The patient will all of a sudden become dizzy and nauseated. and he will vomit; then he will be- come unconscious and his fare wr.11 flush, his pupils dilating, and he will manifest muscular spasms. He is new like to have convulsions, a quiet: and bounding pulse and a fever like to burst the thermometer (11,0 or more degrees). Put such a patient ;in as cool a place as you can find until the doctor comes. Sprinkle him with ice water or rub him with ice or sponge his hot skin with lee water, especially his head and neck. If the doctor wants to bloodlet don't interfere with h:m; he knows his business. People v.hc have had one stroke do very badly indeed should they have another! especially must they cut out alcohol„ Questions and Answers. I would like to know what a spina! douche is, as my little girl is a mental case and it may help her. Answer ---The cold spinal douche is of the greatest tonic efect in nervous fatigue and in calces of neurasthenia generally. It is a powerful phy -ical as well as mental stimulus. In sani• taria it is ejected by means of various nozzles in the form of a strong stream up and clown the back of the patient far a few second, only and at a dis- tance of 10 feet. PaMente with it good reaction do not need any :retial pre- paration; but a week sufl'crer had better for a ]lrelimir.::ry take a warm bath. At first the water should not be very cola]; later it may s ra;'rally be lowered to 50 degrees, F. It should he taken if possible every day. Ill one's henle where one cannot have elaborate contrivances the water may le prinhleel from a have onto the pan tient standing in a l:tthtub or irezn the sprinkling at.taehnrent to tii) ordinary bathtub. Save tho Best Seed. 'When saving garden seed it pays' to select the seed from the best plants. Frequently the best vegetables are used and a few Bull spec: mens are allowed to go to. seed because they are so poor that they are unfit for use. Then the seeds from these inferior specimens are used and tried the next year. The grower often finds that the results are poor and then believes' that nothing is gained by trying to use home-grown seed. The plant that produces the seed! for next year's crop should be the best. Save the plants in the garden! that appear vigorous and free from fungous diseases or insect injury. i Allow them to go to seed and the re-' sults next year will be apt to be very! good, often better than from the seed purchased on the market. j Seed that has been left over this' year should be stored in labeled en- I velopes for use next year. Many farmers think that commercial seeds men replenish all of their seed supply! every year and never send out seeds; that are more than one year old. They l reason that they are purchasing ab- solutely fresh seed if they buy of the seedsman and think that their own seed is probably inferior if over a year old. Many seedsmen raise a large amount of seed during a year when nt is particulail,,y favorable for the growth of a certain plant and then have enough to last over if crop fail- ures ailures occur. Certain seeds retain their vitality for several years and the per cent. of germination will be very good if they are properly stored. A spool cabiinet makes a nice ease to store envelopes and packages of seeds. It should then .be placed in a dry room where there will be little clanger of inroads from mice. We save old coffee cans and frequently use them for storing garden seeds. A one -pound tin coffee can will hold quite a lot of garden seed and it will be safe from rats and mice. The seed will also be protected from dampness and it will not become mixed with other varieties, as sometimes happens when easily broken paper bags or envelopes are crammed full of seed. The farmer who studies varieties and saves seed from the best will find an added interest in vegetable garden- ing which will make the work mare profitable. Raising good garden truck is much like raising good live stock. Only the best should be allowed to in- crease. Undoubtedly there are many points • concerning 'seed growing and plant breeding which the average farmer must leave to the seedsmen, but under present conditions every farmer can reduce his expenses by trying to save seed from some of his best plants. The best results from the use of this poison are to be expected when it is used late in the afternoon. Tiles it w,:11 not dry out overnight and will be fresh when the 11urery hoppers ge for it in the morning. If put out in piles the chances are that there will be some casualties should live stook eat it, but if applied as recommended no trouble is likely to result, However, it .is bet to salt the cattle before applying the poison to their feeding grounds, as they evil. then he less attracted to the mixture. As one can readily see, the cost of making a bushel of this poison bait will be only the cost of the poison itself together with a little molasses and some salt. The sawdust, in re- gions where the grasshoppers are worst, can be had for the asking. The greatest benefit can be obtained, only when all of the farmers in a community, or in a group of coin munities, work together and spread poison on all of the grasshopper, breeding ground. One farmer using this poison without co-operation, will' get but temporary relief, and in order, to protect his craps he must keep on using it throughout the summer, for, the grasshoppers are sure to fly in from other breeding grounds. How to Take the "Hop" Out of Grasshoppers. Into a bushel of screened sawdust , thoroughly mix, by ,sifting, a pound; of poison, Paris green, white arsenic, or crude arsenious oxide. In a gallon; of water dissolve three-foutbhs of a i pound of salt and add onehhadf of a! cup of ,mola,s•ses. Slowly pour this.1 into 'the, poisoned 'sawdust while the mixture is being stirred. Then add enough water to make a good stiff , mash." This oisoned bait t can safely be! taken in the hands and :spread broad- cast. It should not be left m piles around the field, but should) be well scattered. ''A bushel of this _poison ought to cover about three acres of ground. How Farm Trade -Marks Help. Farmers everywhere have adoptee. farm names, but farm trade -marks; are scarce. To the producer striving to establish a reputation, the distine-, tive trade -mark, considered so indis pensable in mantlfacturin.g, has de-' cided value. And it is inexpensive. The trade -mark should carry a de-, finite message. One enterprising Wo-,, man has a pen -and -ink sketch of a. dainty little girl carrying e basket; overflowing with eggs. This trade-; mark appears on her stationery, fieri businesss cards, and her shipping' con -i tainers. She believes the trade -markt has definite value in her business, much of which is done by mail. Another example ds an apple farm going by the name "Applecrest," • which has for a trade -mark a colored crest in which apples figure. The farm trade -mark goes band in hand with quality. The producer of a first class article gives it a trade- mark, identifying it, and the demane grows fast. What it Profits a Nal To Fertilize His Crop At Rothamsted. England, ' fer- tilizers increased the yield' of wheat (01 year average) 18.4 bus. per acre, and at Ohio (20 year average) 13.5 bus. per acre, The unfertilized wheat of A. L. Hodgins, 7Jttricic, Ont. (1018) yieliied 12.5 bus. nor acre as against the fertilized yield 54.7 bus. per 'acre. 1 ertilized wheat yielded more than four three the unfertilized. Not total acl;eage but yield per [Lore is what counts. Fertilizers on winter wheat -pro- vide readily available plantfood whith''strengthens. the wheat to withstand. winter weather, starts it strong in the spring, and makes it go' 'over the top" with . a sub- stantially increased yield per acre over unfertilized wheat. Wheat Fertilization is Good Crop Insurance. Booklet on 'Wheat Production mailed on request. The 'Soil and Crop Improvement Bureau oc the Canadian fertilizer Association 1111 Temple nuil.aiia - p i; Toronto 82