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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Exeter Advocate, 1919-5-1, Page 6,..1..=ter... By Agronomist, This De.partinent is for the use of our farm readers who want the advies of an expert on any question reeardIng soli, seed, crops, etc. If your queetiae #at ois sufficient general interest, It will be answered through this column.. !f stamped end addressed envelope la enclosed with your letter, a complete answer will be malted, to you. Address Agronomist. caro of Wilson PubIlishint CO•k Ltd., 73 •Adetssidie at W., Toronto. When to S ra and What For. fifty gallons of water. Place the lime A E in a barrel and add almost enough. sable to use on a tree will not do, lime begins to slake add the' sulphur, much good unless the right applica-; which should be made into a paste as are made at the right time. by mixing it with water, Stir the These directions will tell just when, cooking mixture and add water as to spray and what for. needed to keep it in the form of a Spraying Applee.—Four or five thiex paste, which should become sprayings are necessary, depending: thinner as the mixture cooks. In ten an the season and how badly the or fifteen minutes the heat from the orchard is infe.ted with insects and slaking lime will cook the mixture disease. and enough cold water should be First spray: Apply juat after leaf added to make fifty gallons.. This buds burst lift before blossoms open. is the standard summer spray for Use either Boreeaux mixture 4-4-50, INMINNOMMINIMMERMMOPMMWWL ,1 LATEST EST SON: ., HITS 7 for B ma eraxa ri e . ► sivemo e= . ;:sox Kissable Child Sometime Between Midnight and lawn Nobody Elsa Will D' Alabama Ball Rea dross Girl oe sable Virginia from Virginia Wait 1' er Me X. Want to See if MY Dr-d04's Came IIQmo, The whole seven songs will be sent prepaid on receipt of price together with our complete list of popular music. �We will also place your name on. our malting Itstthe receive notice of the new songs as they come out. Send the dollar now and: get the music by return mail. p 3 � � 17 A3?F�.11.IA.s.,' ST. a» 11 the spray fru tures it iS pas eater to cover the lime When the Ideal MUSIC b 0 9's eeonc.oNTo oreon-menial limo -sulphur testing P- -s- 32 deg. or 33 deg. Baunie diluted 1; to 40. (See next .article for direc-; How To Get a Stand of Alfalfa. tions far inaltirer Bordeaux mixture.); Getting a stand of aifalfa is most Adii two pounds of lead -arsenate to .11- a question of soil. If the soil is eh fifty gallons of the spray mix- right your efforts still be crowned titre, This :,pray is for control of, with success. Generally the problem vale, cur ulio rind vaulter -worm, ` Is to make alfalfa succeed after you Second spray: Just after the blas, get the stand, Alfalfa requires a ss.ilsis fall nee r u' ie materials as for moderately dry soil, well drained first spray. This is for control ed. even during rainy weather. the codling -moth, and must be ape' If the soil becomes water-logged plied with a great deal of .force. A; for many days the alfalfa will be - power sprayer la Lest. } come yellow and unthrifty. It needs Third spray: Two er three weeks' moisture, but it likes to have the later than seeenil spray. Same mat—moisture in the air and soil at the el•ialls as far first spray. If blotch- same time. This is the reason alfalfa' is bad in the orchard, use Bordeaux, does better in well -drained soils. mixture 4-!1-50 instead of lime-sul-j Although drainage is a big essen- phur; add two pounds of lead-arsen-; tial in successful alfalfa growing, an, ate to fifty gallons of spray material.] occasional overflow of a creek or Fourth spray: Nine weeks after i river will do no harm if it comes the third spray. ,.Tse same material during the winter, or if the water, as for first spray. This is for con -di is moving in summer. trol of scab, brown rot and secondAlfalfa will not thrive, nor even brood of codling -moth. live long, without bacteria helping Fifth spray: This is necessary only, st. It has become used to them and; where blotch, black rot, bitter rot! depends upon them. Alfalfa-promot- and ether fungus diseases are; ing bacteria will not live in all soils. troublesome. Use same materials as j Carbonate of lime makes the alfalfa for third spray and apply two weeksor nitrifying bacteria thrive. They I after fourth spray. I do not seem to be able to live with- ' it. While it is not known definitely why carbonate of lime makes the should not be quite so strong. nitrifying bacteria do so well, many Spraying Plums. ---A dormant alfalfa growers advance the theory spray of lime -sulphur is applied for that alfalfa plants give off certain San Jose scale any time during the substances which are poisonous to dormant season, During the grow-. the plant. That is, the alfalfa roots give off a poison that is injurious to itself and to other alfalfa roots. When there is much carbonate of open apply Bordeaux mixture 4-4-50. lime in the soil this poison is in some Add two pounds of lead -arsenate to way neutralized and the alfalfa is each fifty gallons of spray material. kept in health and vigor. This is for control of brown rot and In addition to making the soil a etlrculio. ! healthful 'Home far good and useful Second spray: Just after blossoms; bacteria, carbonate of lime con- serves humus and stops a waste of nitrogen. When plants decay in the soils nitric acid is formed This is soluble and, unless taken up by the plants, soon leaches away. If there Pears and Quinces need the same general treatment as apples, except that when lime -sulphur is used it ing season several sprays are nec- essary. First spray: Just before blossoms fall rue same materials as for first spray. Third sprayi Same materials as second spray, three weeks after petals fall. Cherries need .the same general is a supply of lime present, the nitric treatment as plums. acid unites with the lime to form calcium nitrate. This locks up the How to Make Spray Mixtures. Since and holds it. Since the lime naturally sinks in To make Bordeaux mixture take the soil, it is best to put it near the four pounds of copper sulphate, four surface. It ought to be mixed as pounds of quicklime fifty gallons of perfectly as possible with the soil, water. Dissolve the copper sulphate as it is not effective when left in by putting it in a coarse cloth hag lumps. This is because the lime is and suspending the bag in a barrel not in contact with enough of the partly filled with water. r sail particles, f Slake the lime in a tub and strain! As ;round limestone is harmless, i the milk of lime into another tub or: a person may use as much of it as barrel. Pour the dissolved copper he wishes. It is pleasant to work sulphate and the milk of lime into , with and doesn't burn like caustic the sprayer tank, or into a supply lime when it gets on the skin, nor tank, at the same time. Add enough' does it cake together if it happens' water to make fifty gallons. 1 to get wet. One may put it on the For Bordeaux 4-6-50 use six, soil at any time. It may be put on pounds of lime instead of four. I with manure. as it does not burn out To make self -boiled lime -sulphur the humus. Soil acids attack the; 8-8-50 referred to in the first article, particles of limestone, and are neu- use eight pounds of unslaked limed tralized, but the lime itself does no eight pounds of flowers of sulphur., ` harm, no platter how much is used. aa The person who feeds swine for the purpose of producing park should know the indications •of - an animal• that will grain weight rapidly and thereby pay a . profit to its owner. If the hog raiser is feeding the lard type of hog .he should seek in ani- mals for fattening those which possess the characteristics of the fat hog type which are a short and broad face, wide head, ears well apart, full jowl, short legs, wide and; deep body with good full spring of) rib. If the farmer is feeding bacon hogs he should look for a little less, width about' the head and face and; for good length and depth of body at the same time avoiding coarse- ness. Whether a hog raiser should feed lard or bacon hogs will depend large- ly on arge-ly'on the location of his farm. When -i ever possible home grown feedstuffs should be used, because feeding pur- chased feeds is not always conducive to profit. If the farm grows an abundance of corn and clover or al- falfa ' it will be more profitable to grow the lard type, while on the other hand, if the main feeds grown are barley, peas, oats, etc,, having a narrower nutritive value, bacon hogs can often be raised to a better. advantage. 3y far ;he greatest number .f hogs are fitted for market during the summer and early fall months. Der - ng the summer the reou.ixements for shelter, maintenance and labor are least, while grains cheapest and greatest. Of these the greater num- ber is fattened on pasture. It is found that pigs fed corn alone on bluegrass pasture make equally as great gains as pigs fed in dry lot on a balanced ration. Clover or al- falfa give better returns than blue- grass or timothy when corn is fed in conjunction. Corn alone on abund- ant clover pasture forms an ideal ration, excelling a balanced ration of corn and tankage or middlings in rapidity of gains and excelling all bther rations on pasture when rate and economy of gains are considered. A satisfactory system of pasture feeding for pigs farrowed : in April and are ready for pasture in May is: The previous fall a field is sown to rye or winter vetch, furnishing a good crop for pigs when they are turned out; one acre of this supplies 100 pigs and their mothers for about a month; also a ration of corn meal tankage cr skim -milk is fed them. About the first of June the pigs are weaned and placed on clover or alfal- fa, which furnishes green feed for the next five or six weeks. About the 15th of July they are turned in a pasture of field peas and oats, thus supplying part of the grain ration; the acreage .is larger because the pigs are larger. Green sweet .corn is also fed at this time but not - be- fore it reaches the roasting ear stage, sparingly at first, being gradually increased. With this there is little' or no need of corn meal ration, until shortly after the green sweet corn is ready to be fed. This is also fed in the roasting ear stage and when bottom of the stalks become woody only the top portion is used. The pigs are kept on pasture, and cora which becomes more mature is fed until fall or early winter, when they are ready for market. When pos- sible it is a very pz ofitable plan to hog the corn down, thus saving a great deal of labor. Inn -this case a self feeder with tankage should be before the hogs. The feeding of hogs for market will be found to be one of the most profitable departments of the farm. Apple Bud -Moths and Their Contrail in Nova Scotia. The apple is attacked by a number of different insects. In Nova Scotia the caterpillars of the bud -moths are prohably the cause of more loss than all the other insects combined. The Entomological Branch of the Dom- inion Department of Agriculture has just issued Bulletin No. 16 entitled "The Apple Bud -Moths and Their Control in Nova Scotia," by G. E. Sanders and A. G. Dustan. This bul- letin of 24 pages gives an account of the life -histories of the four des- tructive bud -moths which occur in that province. The chapter on the control of these insects discusses re- sults obtained from spraying experi- ments,following which definite con- trol measures are recommended. Useful information is also included on parasitic insects and other natur- al enemies. 'Fourteen illustrations appear in the bulletin, These show injured blossoms and fruit, various stages of the insects, etc. This pub- lication will be of much value to ap- ple growers in eastern Canada. It can be obtained free of charge on applieat on to the Publications Branch, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. A technical edition of the bulletin giving seientifie descriptions, etc., has also been published. This will be of special interest to ecoin- omie worker:. Enquiries regarding insects in general should be address- ed to "The Dominion Entomologist, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Ont." Three bushels of oats an acre --- and be sure to sow ted .In.e., sweet elov,' aifal+:; -ii• soir,e other legume with it. Mustard plants should be sprayed with a twenty per cent. solution of • iron sulphate as soon as possible after the plants begin to appear, 'This makes them homesick enough to ' die and not hurt the small grain at all, WHEN CHILDREN CANNOT ATTEND SCHOOL By JANET THOMAS ORMSTO>.d. There is scarcely a district in the country that has not some child, or children who, for some reason or other cannot attend the public school. It may be that some physical disa- bility makes it impossible for him; perhaps mental deficiency debars him from entering classes with other children, or, if he is a very little child, it may be that he is too far from the school to walk there and back. Whatever the cause, the child who does not attend school will be seriously handicapped all through life unless an adequate substitute for the school education is provided. In that case his present misfortune may eventually prove to be his good for- tune, provided the home instruction is made all that it is possible to make it. Mothers may feel that it is out of the question to start hint in the paths of learning themselves. But, advanced knowledge is not so neces- sary as . is an understanding of the child, and who -should understand a child better than his own another? Nor does it take a great amount of time. Once a mother gets well start- ed in the teaching of her child she will not find it difficult; very likely she will become fascinated with the work. It is a wonderful thing to watch the daily mental development of a child. The pity of it is that so few mothers have the best oppor- tunity for observing it. The thing that will bother most the mother who knows nothing about teaching is the method to employ. The old a, b, c method has been al- most descarded, because a, b, c means absolutely nothing to a little child. The "work and play" method shows the best results according to mothers who have tried it. It would doubtless be best also for schoolroom instruction were it possible to em- ploy it under present conditions in the schools. However, it is not schoolroom education in which we are interested just now. The work and play method is really nothing but guided play. All of the child's amusement is made an aid to his education. He is not told that he is learning things, no set task is given him. He absorbs knowledge by the use of the games which he is led to play, by the answered ques- tion, by the suggestion here and there, as a sponge absorbs water. The instruction that goes with the games all seems incidental and a part of the play. Even a tiny child can learn the names of colors, learn them under- standingly as he looks ,at a ribbon, at the grass, at the sky. This will train the eye and the powers of ob- servation. If he knows, for example, the color red, and mother some day writes .it - on the blackboard in red chalk it will take him only a little while to recognize the written word as readily as he does the color itself. If she helps him when he is playing with his blocks it will soon be an interesting part cf his play to spell the word red. Games 'hill teach the numbers. Let a child play with a box of tooth- picks and have him sort them into piles of two. That .is -nothing but fun, But he learns how many two are. Later on he is delighted to be- come acquainted with the figure and the word two. He learns what one- half is when he divides his apple evenly with his playmate and he will soon understand the figure one-half. Pictures of birds and animals in the 'natural colors are of great edu- cational value. Children learn the names of these because they want to and they are eager to have stories told about them. The reading of stories and verse to children and the telling of stories is one of the leading helps in this Method of education. There is no limit to what a taste for right litera- ture may do for a child, and especial- ly for one who is any way handi- capped in life's race. In time, the mother may have the children read to her for her entertainment, not in the recitation of a lesson. They will forget themselves and do their very best in reading for another person's pleasure. There are a hundred suggestions that might be given, but in so brief an article only an idea of the method can be presented. Every mother who takes up the work will find sug- gestions continually coming to her and she will herself develop, al- though in a different way, almost as rapidly as does the child. A word about the child who seems mentally deficient. In too many cases no effort is made to educate such a child. This is a culpable mis- take. If he had an atrophied muscle it would surely be given nourishment and exercise in the hope of develop- ing it. Very often a child "not bright" can be drawn out little by little until finally he ceases to be subnormal: And he is far more likely to respond to any such efforts right in the home circle than he is if placed among strangers. Colors and bright pic- tures of animals, birds and flowers often appeal to such a child more than anything else. But it will rest with the mother -teacher as ascertain what particular thing is most likely to interest the child and start the raising of the curtain that obscures the mind. Something will probably do it and infinite patience must be exercised until that something is found. It is interesting and inspirational. to know what mothers have actually and easily accomplished by this me- thod. A little girl, now five years old, had lost the . power of speech through illness when she was a wee baby. Her mother began teaching her by. the work -and -play method while she was still a baby and gradually drew her out until she could speak. She recovered fully the power of speech before she was four years old and is ahead of the always normal child in every way. The three-year-old brother of this little girl can write on the type- writer. " While this may seem . pre- cocious, still is it any more so than when .a child of the same age can spell words with his alphabet blocks? It is simply a different method of playing vef'y nearly the same game. The three-year-old son of -Mrs. Wright knows every color and can read many words, while his big sis- ter of ten has been writing verse, for several 'years -and the verses are good. Mrs. Wright has used the work and play metilQf1 with both . of rtes;; childrer Dr. Huber will answer' all signed letters pertaining to Health. if you' question is of genera! interest it will be answered through these cetumns; if not; it will be answeree4 personally if stamped, addressed. envelope is en:,ctgsed, Dc, Huber will not prescribe for individual cases or make diagnosis. Address Dr, John la. Huber, M.D,, care of Wilson Publishine Co., 73 Adelaide St. West, Toronto. Stomach Ulcer. Stomach or gastric ulcer may reef suit from a blow an the abdomen, or from chronic hyperacidity (ex- cess of acid on the stomach), chronie catarrh of the stomach, blood pover-'. ty (anemia), heart it kidney disease.! It .is the most common in wort r =+e-! tween twenty and thirty, especially' housewives and domestics; among men shoemakers and tailors are most frequently attacked. , The usual symptom is pain be- tween the breastplate and the navel and in the back, usually sharp, in-, creased at once by food intake, and; relieved by vomiting. And when the' stomach is empty there may be, if, not pain, a gnawing and burning sen sation which pressure may relieve., Ther. later comes spitting of blood' which has a ground caffee appear-' ante, gradual loss of flesh andi, strength, dyspepsia and serious ane -t nein. We hare to fear perforation; of the Meer into the abdomen, with grave shock or hemorrhage, or the, development of cancer, or death from', starvation. A yet a patient well at- tended to may get well, the ulcer healing with sear tissue in the stom- ach wall. Some people who have gastralgia (neuralgia of the stome! heli) may imagine they have ulcer. Sufferers from peptic ulcer ought to give up all work and rest in bed: most of the time for several months, j Their diet at first should consist' practically entirely of plain milk or! buttermilk (half a tumblerful every; two hours), with the white of eggs, and beef juice, After several weeks i eggs, chicken, cereal and scraped' beef may be added. They should taker thirty grains of bismuth subcarbon-1 ate three times a day. For the pain,, sweet spirits of nitre, a teaspoonful in water, or chloroform water, in tablespoon doses. For vomiting cracked ice is preferable to water (a teaspoonfulevery fifteen minutes) or a mustard plaster over the stom- i aeh. For thii:t of any kind cracked ice is• preferable to water. For hemorrhage the doctem imperativeliv and at once. No food until he co -hese in such cases the :surgeon may tiara' to be called in,. Question'. end Amassers. Freckles --\hast is the eau: e oi_ freckles on tr,e face? Is there any. thing I can d.- to take them oft? Answer.—Fxcrkl"., appear mostly in fair-haired wonlea with dclaate skin. They are caused by exposure to strong ds to stroni, sun rays. Their to per dry rem , al is not difficult. PErnlul.ent removal is almost impossible. Those who have freckles are likely to consider them blemishes.. This is an erroneous point of view.- '1'hey are really signs of a good com lesion anal good -con- stitution and they ought to be con* sidered "beauty spots." Lace] prep, arations often contain corrosive sub- limate and other substances which may endanger the real skin—the derma. In any event the susceptibil- ity of the skin varies with the indi- vidual and what may not hurt one might ser erely injure another. The following ointmcrt Ita be had of any druggist) may at any rate he pro- nounced "harmless. Ammoniate of mercury, bismuth subnitrate, of each one dram; ointment of glycerine one ounce, to be applied every other night. Psoriasis. ---1. Is Psoriasis in the blood? 2. Can it be cured? 3, Is it hereditary? 4, Are such people otherwise healthy and strong? 4. Will it turn to Bright's Disease? 6. Is it contagious? Answer. -1. Psoriasis is not , 'a blood disease. 2. Yes, but the cur. is very difficult. 3. In some cases it is hereditary. 4. Usually they are healthy and strong but of a nervous temperament. 5. It will not turn to Bright's Disease. 6, It is not con- tagious. Good results can bo obtained with chicks by feeding rolled oats for the first week, about five times each day. Then fine chick scratch feed can be substituted and used until the chicks are large enough for whole wheat, cracked corn, etc. Plenty of sour milk induces a rapid growth. Little chicks cannot eat too much bran and it can be supplied to them in hoppers from the first day. Greenfood is important and can be given in the form of sprouted oats or cut clover until the birds can range and collect their own green food. Fresh water, charcoal and grit are needed. On stormy days a little fine chopped on- ion helps to stimulate young chicks. Pullets need a good range and plenty of dry mash before them at all times so that they will make a steady rapid growth and be ready to lay at their normal time, which should be about six months for the i Mediterranean breeds and eight months for the American breeds. The pullets should be separated from the cockerels as soon as the sexes are easily determined and pullets should not be compelled to range with old hens, as the hens will drive them from the feed hoppers and interfere with their growth. Pullets are raised successfully on about the same rations needed for laying hens. When wheat can. be used for feeding it pays to use about two parts of wheat to one part corn in the scratch feed. Broilers can be fattened on sour milk and corn meal mixed into a sloppy mash. The main point is to reduce the exercise and increase the feed that the broilers will consume: In growing broilers, it is important to. keep them developing rapidly and evenly from the day they are hatch- ed. Broilers cannot be half starved until eight or ten weeks old with the idea of making up for lost time and finishing them properly on a ten-day period of fattening. Twenty to thirty per cent. of beef scrap has been used successfully in some fattening ra- tions. Usually broilers can be sold with very little fattening if they have been well fed from the hatching time and are in good flesh. Fatten- ing poultry at a profit requires care- ful management and good vigorous young birds for the fattening crates, Many good, pastures .have been ruined by.: turning the stoc,- r( &been too early in the spring. Wait until the ground is firm and the grass well started. Mark the stock before. turning out to pasture. Lime floes ` not take the place of other fertilizrers or manures, but supplements them. When the use of lime in any form iscontinued alone, and no adequate provision 'is made for maintaining the supply of other fertilizers and organic matter, crop yields cannot be kept 'up and the returns from the use of Alone in such a system becomes less and may fin- ally drop below that of land unlimed It will not be ground wasted to set out fifty or sixty raspberry canes this spring. FENTIlo2ZN31 XXAR DENS. LAWNS. FLOwkir.5. Complete 2'ertiltzer, Write Ueorgo Stevens, Peterborough, Ont. ROOFING' MA8ATHON 33I1AND Ready Roofing, Asphalt Slate Shing- les, Wall Board, Building Papers. Roof Paints, eta. Write for prices and samples. Save money by buying direct. McDERM1D BROS.'29 ar ingest, RAW F"'"`° gh- est market price for, ast7SZ22AT8 and Ginseng Root. 22 years of reliable trading. Reference—,inion Bank of Canada Write for Tags. N. SILVER, 220 St. Paul St. W. Montreal. P.Q. NATIVE SEED CORN Grown is Sonth Mums Selected at husking time. Pegged and crate cured. Limited amount. ORDER 7ARLY. Wis. No. 7 ... ..... .$3.25 per bus, BaileyaP • • 8.25 ' " 3.25 " , Golden Glow 4.00 " " North Dakota ....•4.00 " Bags Free. Cash with order, Darius Wigle, Kingsville, Ont. VARICOSE VEINS? Wear This Non -Elastic Laced Stocking SANITARY, as they may be washed or boiled. ADJUSTABLE, laced like a legging: always fits. Cal Z OB,TABLB, made to measure; light and dur- able. COOL, contains No Rubber. 1,500,000 SOLD ECQNOMICliL, cost $3.50 each, br two for the- same limb, $6.50, postpaid. Write for Catalogue and Self -Measurement ]blank, Corliss Limb Specialty Co. 534 New 33irks 331dg. Montreal, Y.Q. FON SALE. Canadian Root Seed. Raised from the best stock by Dominion Experimental Farms. SUPPLY LINMITl7D. Prices as fellows:— - 7ilzangels- 50 lbs. and over 6br.. 1b, 200 0'8000c.. oa .. 70.00 45c. 20(.� • 430. Swede $.115nIp6-- . 50 ibsxand -ver SSc, ib. loo,_,. ... 'sod .. .500 75c. 73o. 'afield Carrots— 5 lbs, and over 25 , 85foe, in c. 100 500. 200 „ 7Sc, 'Freight paid an& sacks tree Net payment bank draft 60 days from date of invoice and 5 ,c ellonwed :For efts?, 1:0 days l'1•om date oi' invoice. Particulars about V5114 ties. on cation. _ DR. M. 0. ;Nr a oyer, Cenl:rai Experimental barn, Ottawa. 0 1.