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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Exeter Advocate, 1919-3-27, Page 2i 9 okr By Agrononeet. This Department ie for the use of our farm readers whe want the advice stn expert on any question regarding'soil, seed, crops, etc. It your question fs of sufficient general interest, It will be answered through this column. If *tamped end addressed envelope ie enclosed with your setter, a comp answer will be malted to you. Address Agronomist, care 0 Wilson publishlns Co., Lttl.. 73 Adelaide St, W. Toronto Research Work on Poultry Diseases, For a number of years investigate Cons have been conducted in Canada to determine the nature and preval- ence of diseases of poultry. The need for further research is As previously* stated, where only one or two deaths occur, the express charges usually total more than the market value of the birds. We trust, therefore; that poultry- men will assist us in our economic emphasized bythe fact that the ex- I Polley and send fowls only when sev- ig rcies of war -time have given a eral deaths have occurred simul- stizaulus to the poultry industry, arid taneously and the cause cannot be it in natural to assume that this ad- determined at 'home: A. B. Wick- ditional interest has led to ase in ware, Assistant Pathologist, Biologi- crease, rather than a decrease, of cal Laboratory, Ottawa. poultry disorders. When the work was first started by this department, very little was What Strawberries Shall We Plant and Why? known about the diseases of fowls Strawberries are grown either for in this country. In order to cover the home eonsumptieii or for market. ground thoroughly, poultrymen were While those grown for market should requested by press notices, eorres- be as good as those grown for home; pondence and personal appeals to eo- use, the fact is that in some cases' operate as fully as possible by send- those produced for market are grown' ing in sick and dead birds for study more because of their produ;:tiveness end diagnosis. In pursuance of this policy, the department guaranteed express charge:;, and in the Iast five!, <sr six years, the examination of specimens has become a task of con- siderable magnitude. It therefore seems timely, when economy is the watchword, to make a few suggestions as to what work we desire to undertake, and point out the various causes which result in individual deaths in flocks, and which can be easily recognized by the poultryman at home. In this eon- nection,, it may be pointed out that live and dead fowls are frequently forwarded to us via express from re- mote districts in British Columbia, Alberta and Saskatchewan, and the expense of transporting these birds Beauty and Glen Mary there are two is wholly unjustifiable where the commercial varieties which are suc- losses are Iterated to one or two fowls. From a study of our records, indi- vidual losses may be attributed to the following conditions, none of which can be transmitted to other members of the flock: Affections of the Marti—These are usually manifested by a quantity of fluid within the covering mem- brane, and in some instances by an accumulation of yolk -like material, the result of inflammation. Rupture of the Liver: This oc- curs in fowls which are excessively fat, and is recognized by sudden death, and the filling of the bowel eavity with blood. Apoplexy, or a rupture of a blood vessel in the brain:—This disease can be determined only by the ab- sence of other lesions, and the sud- denness of death. Peritonitis, or inflammation of the bowels and covering membranes:— Peritonitis is caused by the partial development of eggs in the bowel cavity; closure of the egg -duct by large eggs; or accumulated yolk material, etc. Frequently the dis and shipping quality than because of their flavor and general palatibility, The most popular variety, taking the whole of Canada, is undoubtedly the Senator Dunlap. This is a very hardy variety, and the fruit is hand- some in appearance, good in quality, and is an excellent variety far cann- ing. It is desirable both for home use and market. Like all varieties, it has some faults, the chief one be- ing that on account of its making such a large number of plants the fruit begins to get small too early in the season in parts of Canada where dry, hot weather often occurs during the fruiting season, hence, where there are such conditions some other sort is desirable, and in the Parsons, eeeding very well in many places in Canada, especially in Eastern Can- ada. These are both large varieties and keep their size well to the end of the season. The Parsons Beauty is better in quality than Geln Mary and the latter is not very desirable for home use, but should be tried to determine which succeeds best ,in the particular locality and soil where they are grown. The Williams is a firm berry, which is a very popular commercial sort in Western Ontario, but is not very popular in most other parts of Canada. It has a white tip which increases lits shipping qualities but lessens its value when it is to be eaten raw. Splendid is a rather early variety whioh has made a good record in Eastern Canada, and Beder Wood is also another reliable early sort. The Marshall is one of the best in quality but must be grown under high cultivation in Eastern Canada to get fair crops and is not now much grown. on account of its light cropping, but on the lower mainland of British Columbia it does well and is one, of the best commer- cial varieties there. The Magoon is .•M - ter.% • • %" ree,„e.r �,.-+�. ^r.�i.,l •,ei,�.-yam • Neeessity proved. the ti value of the back -yard - -Al- garden. Sine the com- mencement of the war thousands of Canadii ne have learned by experience that even a small garden will pay—and pay well. Make your garden the big provider this year,. VEI TABLES Bean Parsnip Improved Golden Wax hollow Crown 'Lettuce Radish NonpareilCabbageSteacl French Breakfast Beet Garden Peas Detroit hark Red Improved Stratagem FLQWie,stS Aster Select Comet, Mixed Colors Sweet William Finest Mixed Sweet Alyssum For Borders ' Sweet Mi*moreeette Grandiflora Morning Glory Climbing Nasturtium, Climbing Mixed Make your selection from the Rennie Catalogue and have tbe nearest dealer fill your order. If he cannot suppy all your requirements, write us direct. A copy of our tool catalogue will give you full par- tieulare on garden tools, Write for one to -day. Ct1MAANY WILLIAM LIMITED 349 PORTAGE AVE, WINNIPEG, MAN, ALSO AT TOa%ONT0 MONTREAL VAHCOUVEa GOOD HEALTH QUESTION BOX By Andrew F. Currier, M.D. or. Currier will answer ail: sighed letters pertaining to Health. If your question is of general interest It will be answered through these columns; if not, it will be answered personally if stamped, addressed envelope is en, closed. Dr. Currier will not prescribe for individual cases or make diagnosis, Address Dr. Andrew P, Currier,care of Wilson Publishing Co., 73 Adelaide, St. West, Toronto, The Wrong Idea. Some parents carry the idea that it is a good plan to let their children 'become exposed to contagious lis- eases:' so they will have them all and get over ahem, This idea is entirely wrong. Most of the children's dis- eases are very serious propositions and the younger the child is when it encounters them, the rrore serious they are. From infancy until fifteen or six- teen years of age the child under- goes a period of development during which the tissues of the body are easily damaged by infection. This applies to teeth infections as well as to other infections like eontagious diseases. The damage is often, in fact, gen- erally permanent but does not mani- fest itself until considerably later in life. Such damage is often recog- nized by the observing dentist, who can frequently tell the Age at whioh the person suffered soane illness. After the age of puberty the system is more resistent to disease and indi- viduals occasionally escape some of the ehildren's , diseases altogether. le my opinion, it is the duty of all parents to protect their children as long sad as well as possible from contagious diseases. Bear ,in mind that measles and whooping' cough are not trifling ailments but quite formidable because they are accom- panied by more serious complications than are many other diseases. Fore Lunate indeed is the child who escapes measles altogether. When there is more than one child in afamily the ane first complaining should be iso- lated with entirely well. This pre- caution can always be arranged with • FOR CANALWS BROAD ACRES Put up a lepra teat 'edit last a lisetime—a Ienco that can't sag or break down --than will hold a nfla horse—that hags can't nose through— that can't rust --a Ience that t stands rou-husa ebvanimalsorncathcraudissuaran- teed. P1-.ImLISB rI.1u'cc,rwer Fencing to made of heavy Oven Dearth Steel Wire with all the Impurities ° burned out and all the strength and toughness left lm ; l5 vifyRalvf�nizcd. St. Every intersection:slacked together :,, stia frith the reerleod LOt {{or Cpwl:L Rol 1t s at ctho.ln ar..tt1nzpost. irnt"3 thn.at,,.mn t ,,,d,alon t rt vu hout C.n.d. hwdl. oar tom lot, he.. THE BANWELL-HOXIE WIRE FCPNCE CO., Ltd. Winning, Id en Itob. H.mlity Ont.rlo eased ovary is responsible for this also a commercial variety which is latter condition. also grown mainly in British Col The above diseases are those usual- umbia. ly responsible for individual deaths, The foregoing are the leading' and may easily be detected by exam- commercial varieties in Canada al- ining the birds. though to these might be added The infectious diseases which Sample, Pocomoke, and Warfield as spread rapidly through flocks . con- succeeding very well in some places. cern us chiefly. Such diseases as Por the prabies, a variety called fowl cholera, tuberculosis, blackhead Dakota, rather small in fruit but in turkeys, roup and coccidiosis may very hardy, has proved one of the be classified as infectious, and it is most reliable, though Senator Dun - essential that they be recognized lap also does well if well eared for. early, so that their spread may be The best varieties for home use checked. in Eastern. Canada are Senator Dun - Worms are also very troublesome, ap, Bubaeh, Parsons Beauty, and and we have already published direc- ,Wm. Belt, the latter and the Subach tions for getting rid of these para- being large varieties of good quality. sites. These bulletins may be ob- In British Columbia the Royal Sov- rained upon application to the Publi_ ereign, Paxton, and Marshall are cations Branch of the Department. three of the best for home use. The If poultry owners desire to have two former are English varieties not parasites identified, the parasites— preserved in alcohol - and securely packed—may be sent by mail to the Laboratory. With reference to tuberculosis and blaekhead, our bulletins fully des- cribe these two diseases, and any poultryman should be able to diag- nose thele after reading our litera- ture and seeing the illustrations. To :prevent misunderstanding of the aims of the department, we wish. to restate that we are desirous of investigating affections which are responsible for large losses. In cases of suspected poisoning, a public analyst aihould be consulted,, as we do not undertake work of this nature. . satisfactory except in the mildest sections of the Dominion. The overbearing strawberuies are par- ticularly desirable for home use, and two of the best of these are Pro- gressive . and Americus. An idea, like any other thing, if worth having, is likely to be expen- sive. Father -"You sat up very late with George again, Doris." Doris— "Yes, father; I was showing - him some of my picture postcards." Fa- ther—"Well, Doris, whenever he Tants to :sit up again show hlim some of my gas bills." SI :ice sW. Ora I I:9 c , aimN Sue. is.9oltaos tEe asking, Vide todel.it is Free MEAN SUCCESS uour seeds mem fijir four se ?slam: 011e` /ears .o'r. stabsunbroken, suc,c as spez.k5`I'br,Itselt .•SEEDS j.A.SOMMERS LtivfT 'D,T i,EON"' ? . RECONSTRUCTION IN THE BACK YARD There's Plenty of Work for the Whole Family ---Bring Out Spade and Roe and Get Busy, �•.:4 •ss�, �a� ��:t �\'``,^?r>, �.. a JJY+, �+', e. seSeSeSeeesSeS. 4,, The day of the war garden is over and the era of the peace garden has dawned. In the spring of 1918 people plunged with such energy into the untilled soil around their houses that the whole country seemed to blossom overnight into serried rows of vege- tables. They were answering : an emergency call. The enthusiasm . of patriotic motives :lay behind their in- dustry and they achieved their ob- ject. By united effort something like $60,000,000 worth of vegetables was added to the country's food +supply. But much of the energy put into the war gardens was misdirected and futile. It was the first venture on the part of many, and 'mistakes were made,effort was wasted, results were in some instances discouraging. Now, however, the fever that mark- ed the war 'gardener has died out and theneed far peace gardens as a per- manent part of the work of recon- struction becomes apparent. The peace gardens of 1919 and suc- ceeding years will be tackled morec systemati ally than the war gardens of 1918. The foundation was laid. la1t year for work that, as the years roll on, ,ill expand and be an ever- increasin source of'revenue, health and pleasure'to everyone. ' The gr eat teacher, experience,;, has given the war' gardener his first les- son But urlihee guidenoe is needed before e barking on the 'peace gar- den den ven ,e First teps for the Gardener. w g e f m S 1. Find out all about the: garden— (a) its size; (b) the type of sail;, (c) whether it will need manure; (d) whether there are -facilities for watering it in dry weather; (e) what tools are likely to be required, t '2. Decide what vegetables 'are not a little extra trouble on the part of parents, The moral, then, is protect your children from contagious disease. I wish to emphasize that parents should co-operate in every possible way with school doctors, dentists, nurses and- teachers its their efforts to detect the presence of contagious and infectious diseases in then' :chile dren, questions and Answers.. Miss E. R.—I have a friend who has had alopecia for seven years, She bas no hair left except short hair that comes in and stays perhaps a month, then falls out and in a short time is renewed. Do you think her ease can be cured? Answer—Yes, that kind of alopecia can be cured. If there is any dan- druff, cure that first with sulphur ointment which you eau buy at any drug store. Rub a little into the scalp every night, Shampoo with Ivory soap every ten days. If there is not dandruff, write pie again. N. M.—My upper lip constantly puffs and swells eo that it interferes with any speech: Which of these causes do you think it conies from: Three year's ago I Ives operated upon for cancer an the lip and in order to prevent recurrence, they cut not only the cancer out, but the glands on the side of any neck,•. I have also had pyorrhoea and other trouble with my teeth ---now can eiou tell me, what causes the l'up'to swell? Answer—The operation has inter, fered with the circulation of the parts, The teeth have nothing to de with it. Try X-ray treatments foe it. addition, it is advisable to have some kind of simple sprayer, particularly if the garden includes potatoes. 2. The seoond step relates to the it helps to make the soil more spongy, Sowing the Seed: The seed should be sown either immediately before or crops which are to be grown, Some after rain. The damp sail ensures gardeners make the mistake of grow- quicker germination and this gener- ing too much of one kind of vege- ally results in more vigorous plant growth. After sowing the seed the soil 'should be firmly pressed, to en- sure its close contact with the seed. I the weather is likely to be dry table because it happens to be par- ticularly easy to wise. For instance, carrots and beets yield well, and a few rows will supply a household's needs for the winter. Corn is a de- just after sowing, it ,is wise to cover lieious summer vegetable, but is not the row with a little loose soil to very profitable for the small garden. form a mulch. The purpose of the Peas, also, although popular, occupy =loll is to prevent the drying out too much space for the yield they of the soil. give, Therefore, if one has to cut Subsequent Care and Culture: This down on vegetables for lack of space, it is well to remember that there are certain varieties which take up too much room for the returns they give. 3. The third step relates to the best varieties of vegetables. A great deal of experimental work has been undertaken to find out what varieties are best suited to the home garden, and much information on this subject is available in pamphlet form. It is well to remember that there is a vast difference in varieties. Take pota- toes, for instance. Some varieties yield twice as much as others, and the householder who fails to plant the right kind may find his supply of potatoes exhausted before the suitable and what quantities will be necessary. Plan garden on paper. 3. (a) Find out what varieties of vegetables are most highly recom- mended; (b) how iifuoh seed of each kind will be required; (c) the dates on which the seeds should be sown. In order to 'obtain the information suggested in the first three steps it is necessary to secure some .garden- ing bulletins and seedmen's cata- logues. A list of free publications on gardening is appended. The Soil. 1. The fundamental question of soil is referred to in the first step, and to become a skilled gardener it is necessary to buy some simple books on this subject. However, all that it is really 'necessary to know in this connection is that soils are of three general types light soils which, in the main, consist of sand; `good loam soils, which are ideal for gardening purposes; and heavy soils, which consist mostly of clays. If the deeper the seed bed, the better the garden soil is of the loamy type, e I craps.. This is because the roots of very little homelandmlanure will en- l the plants have a greater feeding able it to produce good crops and area and the soil being more like a make it retentive of moisture. Should sponge, is better able to hold mois- the garden contain a light soil, how- ever, it will require a much 'larger quantity of manure in order to en- able it to produce crops, and if it has a tendency to be heavy, the clay can be lightened by the addition of barn- yard manure. Lime is also splendid for heavy soils. A bulletin on man- ures and ,fertilizers .given in the list of free publicationscontains all the necessary; information on this sub- ject. Tool requirements are of the sim- plest. A good spade, a 'digging fork, a •'hos and a rake generally suffice for gardening on a small scale. In consists of keeping the young plants free from weeds and the soil loose be- tween the rows. It also entails thinning out the young plants and keeping them free from insects and diseases. Frequent cultivation is very' necessary, especially when the plants are young. After every rain it is important to loosen the soiland break any surface crust which may have been formed. Harvesting4the Crop: Some of the root crops have a fine flavor when harvested -before they are fully ma- ture. This is especially true of beets. As a rule, however, it is wise to let most of the root crops mature. If they are left he the ground too long, winter is half over. A good thing to the fibre is apt to become hard and remember in the case of the potato is that the source of the seed is an important factor in the yield. Local seed :should never be planted if seed from a more northerly location obtainable. Prodigal sowing of seed means a great wastage annually, and the be- ginner is usually the transgressor in this respect. There is no advantage in sowing seed too thickly if it is bought from a reliable •sdedmen. For instance,carrots and parsnips, if sown profusely, have to be thinned out several times. This only entails additional work. In the case of beets and onions, however, thick sowing is not so much of a disadvantage, as the beets can be thinned out and used es beet greens, while the onions can be treat- ed similarly and used as small' on- ions. Themost important .point is to sow the seed at the might - date. Too much emphasis cannot be placed on this, and the gardener is referred to the bulletins on this subject for fuller details about sowing. Practical Preparations. The practical work, covering a per- iod of from six to eight months, in- ,eludes: (1) soil preparation; (2). sowing the seed or putting out the plants; (3) subsequent care and pal - thee; (4) harvesting the crops. Soil Preparation:,,Tlie more thor- oughly' the soil is worked and the ture. Stable manure is valuable as a fertilizer, partly because it : con- tains plant food and: partly because RAiT i LE Better quality preferred. WRITE FOR PRICES STANFORD'S, Limited 128 Mansfield. St. Montreal. stringy. Exceptions to this rule are parsnips and salsify. These crops may be left in the ground until the following spring, if desired. All roots should be harvested on a dry day anclee left on the ground for a few hours before they are taken into the cellar.. This will prevent taking in too much of the soil which is sure to • adhere to them if they are pulled during pa wet peeled. Their keeping . qualities are also likely to be enhanced •wher. harvested under proper conditions. It is when we forget ourselves that we do things that are remembered. We on the torn fields of battle could only harden our purpose to keep on fighting until Christianity, and civilization were vindicated and re-established. And now we have reached our goal. The foe is van- quished. The powers of darkness are defeated. ---General Currie. .,- SEED CORN. as xepa l ' IRA L. GPIAIIAM - WistdCor, Ont. Essex County POTATOES 60 New Varieties can positively be grown from one Packet of hybri- dized Potato Seeds. Every hill will be different. AN coleus, shapes and sizes, May be worth a gold. mine. 'Don't miss these rarbat and most wonderful of Seeds.' Packet, with Directions I6c.4 for 60e. 10 .f or 51 ,00, -with our' ootl Y, L Sng the G Arden PRY.' AE;82'S S.t;EIb $TO$E Dent. H 560 Oorehecter St. :91. MO1'tT ;:4:.1.7,, ONE, SP,INCV .111181 AT;t We pay the best price for Spring,, M uskrats Send any Furs you Have. You are assured of sa:tisfactiozl iu•price and treatment.. ABBEY :FURL COMPANY 310 St. Paul St. W, 'Montreal, Cue. In business for 30 years Reference: Bank of Hoclielaga, St. Henry. "