The Exeter Advocate, 1919-3-13, Page 2Y Agrenotuist.
This Department le tor the nee 0 our farm readers, who want the Oulu*
lain export any9
le
st10o reg
and_.l� sell, seed,crops,sr etc, It your
q
u s
ti
v
otIs of sufficient general interest, it will be answered through this coumn.I
Stamped and addressed envelops la enclosed with your tetter, a convict*
answer will be mailed to you. Address Agronomist, care of Wilson Publishing
0., Ltd., 73 Adelaide St W. Toronto.
Subscriber; `Is it profitable to use
a phosphate fertilizer with Is%
available phosphate at :$37,00 a ton
when wheat is $LOO per bushel and
oats 50e per bushel, on land that al- 1 Now I notice in your question you
ready appears to give an abundance say that the land gives an abundance
of straw?" of straw, Records show that the
Answer: The question yon have farmers in your vicinity main-
asked displays what appeals to me as taro a considerable number of
a most sensible attitude on the fee- live -stock, hence, undoubtedly, they
tilizer• question. After all, the use of return a fairly large amount 0 roan -
fertilizer does not depend upon senti-ure to the soil. In addition to this,
anent or custom or any other thing records show that you grow eonsider-
than upon the question you haveable clover hay, both of which things
asked, `:Will at pay?" I could gave tend to increase the kind of plant
f i_
yea bundaliee of examples of farm-aod-�•n.trogrelt or ammonia --which
tests which show very clearly that causes straw growth. The probabil-
fertilizers pay, but I choose rather its is that your land is slaort 0 phos-
the records of long-time experiments phonic acid and that you actually ob-
carried on by racials empiey:ed by tarn to much straw, If this is the
the Government and responsible to . case, the addititr 0 acid phosphate
the people. to the manure and the use 0 fertil-
The record 0 the 20 -year experi- izers high in acid phosphate Will be
iaas:nt conducted at Ohio Experiment an exceedingly paying proposition
Station shows the fallowing yields in; for you., I dealt with the question of
whole numbers for wheat and oats ob- the use 0 fertilizers alone .in what
;.,was ., .ald above. I wishonly nl toquote
ta...acd ts`llea«, no plant fool was added3
arid where a complete fertiliter was' the results of three experiment sta-
added. They are as follows: tions where the problem 0 supple -
Average yields obtained over 20 renting the manure with acid phos -
:rears. at the Ohio Experiment Stann phate bas been carefully investigated.
tion.
Wheat—Without additional plant
food, 10 bus. per acre; with acid pliose
and from the Dominion Experimental
Farms, all 0 which show that fertil-
izers properly used are a paying in-
vestment.
The results obtained are as follows:
Ohio Experiment Station.
"Covering a period 0 13 years the
pirate, 18 has, per acre; with corn- average ncreased production from
ii'"te tea til. er, 24 bus. per acre. soil treated with stall manure and
Oates—Without additional plant acidphosphate over yard manure
feed, 3t1 bus, per acre, with acid phos- was: --Corn, 15,2,ds
bu , • wheat, 6.18
plate, "3 bus. per acre, with come bus.; bay, 1,540 poun."
p:ete fertilizer, 45 bus. per acre. Peiins3lvania Etperia►lent fitation.
NOW as to your c,ue,tiari:-�-There is `By the addition of acid phosphate
a gain 0 8 bbus, 0 wheat per acre tsi manure at a cost of *5.9a, the gain.
from an application 0 a little less wren untreated manure was a23.74."
than 200 lbs. 0 acid phosphate or,
Indiana Experiment Station.
at the prices you sive, a gain of $8 i'The addition of 200 pounds of acid
for an Investment 0 approximately
$3.70 ---acid phosphate paid. phosphate to a six -tool application of
Thereis a further gain 0 6 bus. manure per acre per rotation 0 corn,
per acre of wheat by the application wheat, and clover has produced midi-
per
nitrogen and potash in fertilizer tonal crap increases valued. at $14.98
and $2L44 respectively."
appliedto elle v the crop,.. or a gain
1
0 14 bus, from the use 0 complettC. 1%.—What is the best fertilizere for a garden plot? 2. Is sweet clover
f'rtit
li�zer.It isnot uncommon to find profitable for pasture or is it best
gain
an from the application of
200 pounds of complete fertilizer to cut far hay?
the acre. This being the case, you Answer—For a garden fertilizer it
will see that such an increase would is well to keep in mind that you wish
even pay for fertilizer at $10 a tor.. to apply plant food which will cause
Now ws to oats, records show a rapid substantial growth of garden
gain 0 9 bus. or oats per acre from crops. The rapidity 0 growth and.,
the use of acid phosphates or, at your firmness 0 it have a great deal to
prices for oats, assuming that 200 do with the tenderness and flavor of,
pounds 0 acid phosphate was added the vegetables, hence fairly high,
per acre (which is over double what grade fertilizers are in all cases most
was actually added in this ease), an satisfactory. For general purposes;
investment 0 $3.20 makes a return I would recommend a fertilizer carry -
0 $4.50, or a little over 21 per cent. ing 3 to 5 per cent. ammonia, 6 to 8,
on the money invested. The addition per cent. phosphoric acid and 4 to 6
of complete fertilizer to the oats per cent. potash, When applying this
make a total application 0 about 501
ormade a gain your uvalu tion 0 oats. to 75 pounds to a piece 0 ground
This
w0 onb25 40 feet, It is a good
This would pay for 200 pounds per n7easur,inm x
practice $75 tl t a' -
o maketwo applications, ap-
ton.
re 0 o
P s
ccomplete fertilizer at app � p
ton. plying as 0 this amount on the sur
Let it be noted, of course, that I face of the garden when it is dug
do not recommend the use of come or plowed, working this in as the gar
pete fertilizer costing $140 per ton den as harrowed and raked. When the
for wheat or $75 for oats. I am crops are growing scatter a sprinkl
simply quoting these figures to show ing 0 fertilizer up between the rows
the actual money returns from the each tune before you cultivate. This
use 0 the material. acts as a continual feeding to the
To corroborate the findings 0 Ohio crop with all its desirable results.
F' quote the returns 0 two other Stas 2. Sweet clover is looked upon as a
tions, Purdue Agricultural Experi- very valuable crop for supplying
went Station, Indiana, as an average nitrogen and humus in building up
of 12 years test obtains the following
yields:
Wheat—Without fertilizer, 10 bus.;
with acid phosphate, 15 bus., gain 5
Nis.; with complete fertilizer, 19 bus,,
gain 9 bus.
Corn -Without fertilizer, 37 bus.:
tivith acid phosphate, 43 bus., gain 6
bus.; with complete fertilizer, 53 bus,,
gain 16: -bus.
The Dominion Experimental Farms
quote in their report of the Division
of Chemistry, 1916, the average yields
tphtained from potatoes at 5 .experi-
mental farms distributed over the Do-
minion as follows:
Potatoes.
Bus. per acre
Without plant food ... 75
With acid phosphate .. .,..: 103
With complete fertilizer 120
•15 tons manure per acre 131
7% tons manure phis complete
fertilizers 200
On the,basis+of our figuring above
you can readily estimate the returns
as obtained at the Indiana Station
a
Fertilizers
For Profit ..
;.'$I'i' he for Free BU lerin
Delano Fertilizers
revised
Toronto
poor soils. It can be made into good
hay cif the crop is nut while ?t is
green and succulent. If you allow it
to become woody, the fibrous material
is not palatable to the stock, nor is
it nutritious. As to sweet clover for
pasture, I have not observed instances
where it has been used successfully.
Livestock have to learn to eat the
crop since the -oil which the sweet
clover plants bear seems to be dis-
tasteful if any other green crop as
obtainable. I would depend on sweet
clover either for hay or green crop
to turn under.
H. II.—What is the best mixture
for a permanent pasture?
Answer For permanent pasture
the following mixture is good: Com-
mon. red clover, 6 pounds; a1•siice, 2
pounds; white clover, 3 pounds; tim-
othy, 4 pounds; meadow fescue, 3
pounds, per acre.
Enquirer—I have a tvrosacre field
which I would like to sow with some
kind0 seed which would make -pas-
ture for cows about the last of June.
Is there any kind, if' so what kind,
and how much per acre? 'Field is an
orchard.
Answer—For quick summer pas-
tures I -believe you.caanot do better
than to plant a mixture 0 oats, wheat
and common red clover. Use .a bushel
of wheat, putting . in a couple of
pounds of common red clover to the
acre. - This will seem fairly thick
t�.
seeding,,but it e
gives a good stand,
which if kept pastured down, provides
good pasturage.
Crop. Rotations.
Profitable yields of field crops in
the near future can be assured only
by the adoption and persistent, prac-
tice of suitable crop methods: There
are many. factors, Bich combined,
tend to infinence crop yields and the
cost of production, but the prime
factor in stimulating inunediate in-
creased crop returns and ,fn establish
nig for the future a stability in oro',°
RENNIE'S SEE
Produce Vi etory + prop
neensans
sF
® stttood 0tILQ7s9rrr
CEJ i--zra4-:
-
es
112.
._
rxc�^•��ct,�
TE Rennie Catalogue for
a 1919 is brimful 0 informa-
tion and suggestions an the
growing 0 flowers at".d vege-
tables. Beautifully illustrated
in colors, this catalogue is truly
valuable as a gardening. guide.
It you the practical re-
sults obtained by plantidg test-
ed seeds, and it proves to you
the best /clad of seeds to buy.
Use t� B�tftCatalogue
as a Ready Ri. efarencf
Make your :,erection 0 seeds from it—
thea go to your dealer and .have iur fill
the order. if he eanaot supply you with
all you require write as direct,
To safeguard our customers ail lacnnie':a
Seeds are tested at our trim greued.
This insures that buyers 0 Renniede
Seeds get nothing but the very best.
If you haven't racetved a cobs of ow
1919 Caitalogue, mite for one to -day.
THE
WILLIAM `s
KING AND M
ALSO AT MONT
w
COMPANY
LU ITEI
ici T ST$, TORONTO
aAL WlIsir•sumo YA$C0XIYER
C z,adars Rost Poultry Fencing
The :but -In and shut -out Fencing -•a poultry fence strong cnoucb to withstand tba combined
weight, of two bre i,u,e,. And tbat without a tap or bottom boo citbcr. Our lock la the secret
or its atrcnah'-a real protection to Targe fowls and Huta chicks wo.. If you arc interested in such
fencing.'tcrfttw, Ask for our litcrature. We also manufaetureterm fence aadornamentalfene+
int mulgates. Deaaerrnearly .verrwbtre.,Gfrtagents wantedfn,taa,aignedserum. -
THE 5ANWELL.l OXIE WIFE FENCE CO., LTD.
Winnipeg, Man. ,Howilton, Ont.
yields is the practice 0 crop ratatibn
under mixed farming conditions. This
term denotes a combination 0 dif-
ferent classes of trope which are
grown in such order that the preced-
ing one prepares the land for or
otherwise aids the crop following.
The essentials 0 a good rotation
include roots or corn, grain and hay
grown in the order named. The dura-
tion or cycle of the rotation may be
varied to suitn
articular eo ditio s.
P n
Moreover, it mays be advisable where
conditions warrant to combine two
or more rotations on the one farm.
There are innumerable combinations
of different classes of crops which
will prove satisfactory when applied
judiciously. Under any circumstances
it is absolutely necessary, hi order to
obtain even medium crops, to apply
at least the principles already indi-
cated as essentials in all good crop
rotations. The working 0 these
principles may be explained by the
accompanying practical illustration.
Such crops as corn, roots and pota-
toes require abundant supplies 0
food from the soil to stern, leaf and
root growth. This may bemost
profitably and practically furnished
by clover or other sod ploughed down
or by applications of barnyard man-
ure. The 'cereals such as wheat, oats
and barley require less of the readily
available food and generally clo best
following hoed erops for which man-
ure is applied or after leguminous
crops such as peas or clover.
Sod. too, well prepared, pro-
duces satisfactory yields of cereals.
The area sown tocereals, seeded to
clovers and grasses, will supply ex-
cellent hay crops the following, year
or two. The sod of the Iatter turned
down and manured fits the land for
corn or roots once more.
Suoh general plan 0 procedure or
crop rotation maybe modified ,by each
farmer as will best suit his soil and
needs. Several combinations of mix-
ed farming crop rotations are in op-
eration throughout the Experimental
Farm System in Eastern, Canada, an
outline 0 which is contained in the
circular. No. 9. Copies 0 ,this sir-
cular are available free on application
to the Field Husbandry Division.
The progress anade in the work
carried on to date has led to the con -
elusion that the following character-
istics are desirable under almost any
conditions in mixed farming rota-
tions
Grain fields should be seeded down
with clover, even though it be used
only as a fertilizer,
Grass and clover seedins should
be heavy. Increased Crops of hay and
rare failure 0 a catch have justified
this practice.
Hoed' crops should form a large
proportion 0 every rotation. An at-
tempt to Tann a small area without.
a hoed crop was not successful. Weeds
ccauid not readily bekevt in check.
No field should be left in hay more
than two years. The records show
that the second crop almost always
costs more than the first per ton, and
that succeeding crops are very liable
to be grown at a loss.
Barnyard. manure should be applied
frequently in comparatively small
quantities rather than at long inter-
vals in large quantities.
Poem
Judging the, profits 0 the flock by
the srize 0 the feed bill is not a fair
way to determine just what is made
or lost in keeping fowls. Never in
the history of poultry culture did
table eggs and table fowls command
the prices they did during 1918—and
never was feed so high.
Those who "put the hen in the led-
ger" last year, crediting her with
every egg laid (whether sold or used
in the family), with the manure sold,
and with the market value of her car-
cass, were surprised to learn that, de-
spite the high cost of feed, the hens
rounded out a profit.
It is practical to keep three books—
a cash book, a ledger and a day book.
Some prefer a diary instead of a day
book. In the diary they may record
not only the transactions, but also
the daily happenings on the place,
such as experiences, visitors, rem-
edies tried for -cases 0 sickness etc.
The cash book, as its name implies,
will show elle amounts paid and re-
ceived daily. The ledger :::records
running accounts, the amounts due
and amounts owed. To make the led-
ger even more interesting, an account
can be opened with each flock, or with
each breed kept, showing, the value
of the eggs laid,.tbe manure the flock
yielded, and the sale of the carcasses.
Approximately the 'lost of feed far
each flock cap be given, so that it can
be shown whether that flock is com-
posed 0 money-makers, or whether
it is not worth keeping. This is more
complex than keeping one set of
books for the whole flock.
Begin right now to adopt a system.
It is the only way to know whether
the fowls are really payingor losing.
el -------
When you start spring work; take
it easy for a few days. Nothing Bits
a horse so hand as to be compelled
to pitch right inafter "a winter, of
idleness. Manya good animal has
been ruined during the •first few days
0 the spring rush.'
Quit the work before the sun is
lost. If you don't, sooner or later this
practice 0 working .in the dark will
impair both you and your horses.
Pull off the 1iarness, letting the
horses take only a Tittle water. Feed
them the rclaining third of the grain
ration and half 0 the day's hay al-
lowance,
GOOD HEALTH QUESTION BOX
By Andrew F. Currier, AIM:
Dr. Currier will answer all signed tetters pertaining to Health. If your
euestfon is of general Interest It will be answered through these columns;
if not, it will be answered personally if stamped, addressed envelope Is en.
closed. Dr,- Currier will not prescribe for individual cases or make diagnosis..
Address Dr. Andrew F. Currier, care 0 Wilson Publishing Co., 73 Adelaide
St. West, Toronto.
Diphtheria.
a
Diphtheria is an acute infectious
disease, caused by a germ which doe-
tors call the Klebs -Loeffler bacilus,
The incubation period is four days..
The sure sign of diphtheria is a dirty
yellow or gray patch, or membrane
'which forms on the tonsils and in the
throat, sometimes in the nose. This ,
membrane does not appear at first!
however, being preceded for two ;or'
three days by a dull red color in the
throat, painful swallowing, swelling
0 the glands in the neck, chilly and
feverish sensations, and nausea. The
breath becomes offensive, the appetite
is lost, the heart beats rapidly and
there are liable to be complications
affecting the kidneys,the lungs and
.
the nervous system.
The diphtheria germ grows on the;
walls 0 the mouth and upper air
passages; and there they form the
poison (the toxin), which is absorbed
of
i bloc
lymph and way
i h . a
by thewa of tlel . i
w � 1
channels, thus, producing the serious''
constitutional symptoms mentioned.:
The germs pass from person to per-;
son by direct contact 0 infected`
hands or lips; also, in coughing or
even speaking vigorously, small par-:
tieles 0 moisture or spit or even
fragments of the virelent false neem-,
'inane (all gei•]n.soaked) are (lis-:
charged by the patient to the great;
jeopardy 0 other people.
If there is an epidemic in the
neig'hboa hood, or a case in the family
or in the house, be sure to have and
Food Control Corner
to use only our own
g.
ass, cups,
-spoons, towels, handkerchiefs and so
on; and exercise unusual cleanliness
—especially as to the bands and to
ail objects placed hi the mouth. You
can be immunized against diphtheria,
so that you will not "catch" it, by
submitting to prompt 'injection of
diphtheria antitoxin—that is, -with-
in twenty-four
ith-in•twenty-four hours of exposure to
the infection, This your doctor or
your health board will do for you.
Never neglect a sore throat. When
there are cases about, take no
chances.. have a doctor take a tun
ture from your throat; by this means.
in most eases, he can tell whether you
are corning down with diphtheria or
not,.
An Inexpensive Maple Evaporator.
For a bush 0 300 or 400 trees a
good practical evaporating plant eau
be, produced for about $31, Such a pan
would require;
8 sheets 0 tin 3 x 10 ...... $16.00
2 men 5 hours crimping .... , 75..0500;
Assembling
Extra iron .............. .... 2.50
Total .................... $31.00
The pan should be corrugated on
the bottom and divided with parti-
tions to give a zig-zag course to the
sap. It should be set absolutely level
so as to maintain a uniform depth 0
sap. A good rule is to allow ten
Isquare feet of boiling surfacefor
every .100 trees tapped. In addition,.
a stove and brick arch are required'
with the necessary length of stove
pipe.
For reducing syrup to sugar an ad-
ditional evaporator is necessary. This
is a simple pan, 2 to 23 feet wide,
from 3 to 6 feet long and about one
foot deep. The metal is preferably 0
heavy tin, but never of sheet iron.
This pan seta over an arch or fire
box and has convenient handles for
lifting it off the fire.
All maple sugar making utensils
.slaould now be got out and cleaned,
even though they were well washed,
dried and ,stocked away at the end
! of last season. The dust which has
collected during the year would help
to spoil the first zun of sap. Utensils
which have become rusty should he
Idiscarded for this season. They can
be painted, but if painted on the in-
side they should not be used until
next season as the fresh paint would
taint the sap. The best buckets are
of tin. Galvanized iron pails should
never be used, as they discolor the
sap, and being coated with poisonous
metal zinc and lead, they are objec-
tionable. Wooden buckets tend to dis-
color and sour the sap and are diffi-
cult to clean. Large pails are better
than small, because sap is not so
likely to overflow. Two gallon pails
should be used for trees farthest
away at least. Covers are coming
more generally into use for the sap
pails and are a great improvement as
they keep out falling leaves, bark,and
other impurities. The covers should
allow an air space for ventilation ;so
as to prevent the sap from 'souring.,
When the season has advanced and±
the days are warm fermentation is
likely to take place, causing the sap
to sour,, and slime to . accumulate
about the spouts, buckets and tanks.
It is wise then to draw the spout,
make a •new: hole a few inches from
the old one and scald and thoroughly
wash all utensils in hot water. A
double elpth • strainer should, be
stretched over the•tank used for haul-
ing sap to the sugar house. ``This
cloth should be thoroughly cleaned
after each 'gathering.. It is also well
to strain the sap in thesame way
when putting it into the storage vatis
which should be put on the coolest
side of the sugar house. The storage
tank should not be too big because if
too much sap is stored in the tank
it will not be handled promptly
enough by the evaporator and it is
likely to turn sour.
Questions and n5
Answers.
ers.
itis;, S. K. ---I have severe cramp:
in my Iimbs; sometimes they last
S
for a long time, and if they are it
bh. Ihubs 0 'satim, they
cauatse extreme at
the. me whate.is tit;
cause of this? I have alsoSan.
c
heart trouble.
.Answer• ---Cramps in the leg are dut
to muscular exertion, alcoholism, liver
ailment, gout, diabetes or hysteria
Neuritis may in your case be a cause.
Your letter givesInc no clue to which
ck
0 these ailments your cramps 11143
1)e114/111`3.•
I1ia•s. id. N. ---Can an injury or les.
ion in the body or any of the organa
be Iocated and its nature determines
by an X -Ray examination?
Answer—In most cases, yes.
Denmark has no. mountains.
Wateb the hoofs of your ewes
Keep dirt and manure from betwee,:
the clews. This att'ution may save At
a valuable ewe
.' When an old sheep does not eat well
or thrive on what she doe, eat, it
may be something wrong with her
teeth. Look at them and remove any
that are loose.
Wool buyers do not like fleeces that
are loaded with hay -seed and short
bits of bay steins, They want Wool,
not sticks and trash. That is one
reason why sheep should have a Clean
place to lie down.
Rams in winter should be provided
with dry, light, well -ventilated quar-
ters and plenty 0 room to exercise.
They should not be kept too fat.
Feed them as cheaply as possible,
keeping in mind their thrift and
health. Alfalfa or clover hay and
two pounds of ensailage a day are
sufficient, except for thin or young
rains; they need about a half pound
of grain 'in the ration daily.
Take things easy when driving
sheep, just as in. driving hogs. Sheep
naturally follow their leader, and the
leader isn't hard to handle. When
turning corners at crass -roads, a clod.
or pebble thrown so to fall in the
road the sheep are not to take, will
usually guide them auto the right
road, if the pebble falls just about the
time the first sheep` reaches the turn.
A. whistle accompanying the fall of
the stone will help. When driving
into a car, the sheep will go mare
readily if one of the animals is
eaught and cal rigid into the car
where the others can see it.
We have found that cows having
water available at all times will yield
more milk than where the supply is
restricted.
SPRIFIG
We pay the best price for Spring
Muskrats
Send any Furs you 'have. 'You are
assured 0 satisfaction in price and
treatment.
ABBEY FUR. COMPANY
310 St. Paul St. W., Montreal,:.Que.
In business for 30 years
Reference: Bank of Hoehelaga,
St. Henry.
If it is ,summer time, clean the
horses after supper, then turn them
into a corral or pasture, .and they will
add the finishing touches to the work
of currying and brtehing. During-
the
uringthe winter fill the manger full of
slightly, insist bay at night, give them
a comfortable straw bed, and con.
tented, healthy animals will result.
L
SP;IHG
MUSKRATS
In Big Demand
Highest Prices
Assured by
Sending to
Wagrm Brasier
• 8t company
84 FRONT ST., EAST
TORONTO
Established 1907.
Send a Trial Lot
Results Will Please You