HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Exeter Advocate, 1918-8-1, Page 2By Agronomist,
ThIs Department is for the use of our farm readers who want the advice
of an expert on any question regarding soli, seed, crops, etc. If your question
is of sufficient general. Interest, it will be answered through this column, If
stamped and addressed envelope Is enclosed with your letter, a complete
answer win be mailed to you. Address Agronomist, care of Wilson Publishing.
Co,, Ltd., 73 Adelaide St., W. Toronto,
TIIE LITTLE ENEMIES YOU NEVER SEE.
It is important that the barns and! recent years coal tar products sold un-
cattle yards be kept clean and san- der a wide variety of trade names]
itary to prevent the spread of infecti- I have become popular disinfectants and
ous and contagious diseases. What -are gradually crowding out many of
ever measures are taken should be. re- I the older products. Some of the
inforced by the intelligent use of cresol solutions are effective disinfec
chemical disinfectants. What shall tants and if made by an honest con -
we use? How shall we apply it? There cern can be depended upon to produce
are so many new products on the mar- satisfactory results. These prepared
ket that we are likely to lose sight disinfectants are cheap and effective
of the virtues of some of the older ma- agents for use in dairy barns, but on
teriais in the maze of new prepare- aocount of their strong odor they
should not be used in the milk room
and the milk should be, taken front
the stable very promptly after it is
drawn from the cows.
No modern disinfectant excels fresh
older' materials are discredited because ly burned lime, According to labor -
of beingused under improper or in- atory tests freshly slaked lime pos
appropriate conditions. ,Almost any senses greater germicidal value than
substance will give good results under some of the phenol and cresol con
certain conditions when in reality the pounds on the market. It i$ import
conditions and not the materials are ant, howeverrto use fresh, water -slat;-
unfavorable for the development of ed lime. When slaked,' the lime should
the disease germs. If the substances be spread about the stable floors and
favorable as cultural mediums for the in dark places where the sunlight sel-
disease germs are cleaned up before don -reaches. ` If it is desired to use.
the disinfectant is•applied, an errone- the lime on -the side walls and ceilings,
ous impression will be obtained. as to it may be applied in the form of white-
the germicidal value of the disinfect- wash and is very effective if properly.
ant in question. applied. Use the stone lime and wa-
Heat and sunlight are the cheapest ter and apply while the mixture is still.
and most efficient agents for 'disin-
fectingIt dairy barns and cattle yards, pump. The addition of other sub-
stances may be used. to clean and steri-
lize stances to make the material stick to
the pails, cans, utensils and man- the walls reduces the efficiency of the
gers used in feedingthe calves and mixture and prevents it from filling:
co t dis- the cracks and crevices, which are the
cows. Sunlight will destroy most d favorite breeding places for germ life.
ease -producing germs if it can get at
them. For the cattle yards .a thor- Before attempting to disinfect the
laugh clean up will result in a fairly ef- premises it is important that all loose
fective disinfectant. The efficiency boards, litter and pieces of organic
of the clean up will be greatly iicreas- matter be cleaned up so that the sub-
. ed, however, if the surface of the yard stances may destroy all forms of germ
is covered with a light dressing of life. It is a waste of time and money
fresh burnt lime. The use of lime: in to disinfect a barn without giving it a
the yards not only destroys millions thorough cleaning before applying the.
of these disease -p producing germs but substances. It is useless to give the
P b
it destroys the breeding places of flies
and vermin.
tions.
Many new products are greatly
over -rated because in the hands of a
careful user exceptionally good re-
sults will be obtained. Some of the
walls, ceilings and floors an applica-
tion, of any material without going
over the -stanchions, mangers and feed
Of the various chemical disinfec- alleys with-some:sort of disinfectant.
tants that have been favorably ,recon- Nasal passages of infected animals
mended only a few meet the demands are usually highly infective and there-
for efficiency, economy and practice fore the mangers and feeding racks
bility. Probably the cheapest and must be given special attention.
most effective product at the present For use on the teat cups of milking
time is bichloride of mercury in a dila- machines the spread of gar; et; among.
tion of one part to one thousand parts the cows being milked a strong solu
of water. Itis poisonous and should time of lime water gives excellent re-
not be used on metal stanchions and sults. Other materials, such as a
partitions because of its corrosive ten- salt brine, are equally effective but
have a tendency to. corrode the metal
and injure the rubber on the cups.
Chemical disinfectants should not be
depended upon as a cure-all or as a
preventative of the spread of all dis-
Carbolic acid occupies a foremost eases of the dairy cow, but used in -
position among disinfectants, but it is telligently they are of great value in
far too expensive at the present time preventing the spread of infectious
to be used freely in the dairy barn. and contagious diseases and keeping
When used in, a five per cent. solution down flies, vermin and foul odors
it is very safe and efficient.. During about the -barns and cattle .yards..
deny. This proportion while_ very
effective on clean. floors,, side wails
and partitions is practically worthless
unless the organic matte? is thor-
oughly removed before it is applied.
farmers have ridden to independence.
For the sweet corn there is a good
market at canning factories, often
sold to on contract. The cornstalks.
Sweet Corn and Cows. are put through cutters and stored in
Sweet corn and 'dairying are. the silos. Other parts of the farm pro -
twin: horses on which. a number of duce hay for the dairy herd, which in
turn furnishes year-round employment
Tho Safest n vestm ant and year-round income, besides contri-
buting to solve the fertilizer question.
ee John E. Potter was one farmer who
CANADAS
i
Victory ond
` Due 1922, 1927, 1937
PRICE 991/2 AND INT.
esbiIt, Thomson & Company
Investment Bankers, - Limited'
Mercanffk.>Trust Bldg, Hamilton
222 St. James Street . Montreal
FAR
ERS
THE
TORONTO
FAT STOOK SHOW
will . this year offer large pre-
miums for classes of 3 Steerq
must- be fed ninety days by
owner,
Premium List ready August;
1st.
For further particulars writs
the Secretlrry, c/o 'Union Stock
Yards, Toronto.
made good with cows and sweet corn.
Mr. Potter bought an Intervale °Gfarm
capable of carrying, at the time of
purchase, 12 cows and 3 horses. In
six years the same land carried 35
cows and 6 horses, and the retail sales
of milk in town reached 450 quarts a
day. He raised 20 acres of sweet
corn. In one average year his sweet
corn brought $2,000 n cash, and his
milk $6,000. He doubled his barn
room in these six years, built two
silos, and cut off 50 acres of woodland
for pasture.
Of course, a farming business of
this type cannot be built up in every
locality nor by every man. Canning
. factories are not always close at hand.
Mr. Potter's farm was only a mile
from town, so that it was possible to
retail milk. Moreover, he had lots
of push and business ability. Given
the proper business conditions -and
they exist on hundreds of farms—
sweet corn and dairy cows will make
good.
Farmers who ship their wool
direct to ua get better prices
than farmers who sell to the
general store.
ASK ANY FARMER!
who hes cold his wool both
ways, 41ad not what ho says-.,
or, better atlll, write a for our
priceaithey will thaw ydn how
mucla yoia lose by aellbrg to.tha
Oenerat t;;tors,
Wo pay the keel a o$anyS
10 tAt�aeoitutrg yq i$ gest wool
dct)erq itt Cerin Ayi#i at le rq.
t>iil.tte thea eaaut day
eel iif"ritely a
Stip es your �,, wi ae
wore thna 5�yon win ate
°sae ed o4 arviiit daiaiomoia, 2
H. V. ANDREWS
3 CHURCH ST., TORONTO
Raspberry Leaf Curl.
In the interests of market gardeners.
and small fruit cultivators, this note
on Raspberry Leaf Curl has been pre-
pared et the Field Laboratory in
Southern Ontario at St. Catharines,
and is issued by the Central Experi-
mental Farm, Ottawa.
This disease has been known for
some time both under the above name,
as well as under the name of Rasp-
berry Yellows. Silaceie the curling of
the leaves is the most outstanding
feature in connection with the disease,
it is preferable to use the term
Raspberry Leaf Curl:
The disease affects the leaves and
shoots and is often confined to a sin-
gle hush or part of a bush, some of
the shoots being perfectly normal and
others with the leaves affected..-. The
affected shoots, instead of producing
normal large, broad leaves, bear leaves
which are conspicuously small and
badly curled downwards. In the early
stages this symptom is not so pro-
nounced, and while a Small amountof
curling may occur then, the disease is.
more noticeable on account of the yel-
lowing which takes place during the
summer because of the unhealthy state
of the foliage. Since yellowing of the
leaves may be due to a number of
other causes, such as wet feet, poor
soil, drought, ete., it is best to deter-
mine the disease mainly by the Leaf
Curl symptoms.
In the advanced stages, the canes
bear no fruit. When first attacked,
they flower almost normally, but the
fruit . is small and dry and shrivels.
up before ripening, so that little or no
fruit is ever produced from an in
fected bush. Of the three varieties
which are commonly grown in the
Niagara district, Cuthbert, Maribor-
ough aid Herbert, the Ilerbext seems
to be freest from the disease. The
other two varieties are quite suscepti-
ble, but one rarely sees signs of Leaf
Curl in the Herbert.
So far as is known the disease is not
due to any parasitic organism, It
apparently belongs to that type of
trouble which has been called physio-
logical disease, and could therefore be
'put into the same class with peach
yellows and little peach, and the
mosaic diseases of tomatoes, tobacco,..
potatoes and so forth. No recoriils.
are available as to how the disease is
brought into the field in the'first place,
nor how it is transmitted from one
plant to another. It undoubtedly
does spread once it becomes establish-
ed in a plantation and many fine
plantations are known to have been
-greatly injured by the presence of a
large number of Leaf Curl plants. If
the disease corresponds closely with
the mosaic or yellow disease, one
would suspect that it is carried" •either
by insects or pruning operations.
Although too little is known about
Leaf Curl to advise a sure means of
control, one should always remove the.
affected plants as soon as they show
signs of disease. They are of no use
in any case and are likely to spread
the disease to other parts of the
plantation. In taking out Leaf Curl
plants, one should be careful to get
the whole s f rcot system, otherwise
the parts that are left will start to
grow and produce new 'shoots which
will also show Leaf Curl. It is pos-
sible that some of our Leaf Curl
originates from nursery cuttings and
some care should be taken when set-
ting out a new plantation, to avoid
this disease. ---'Experimental Farms
Note: -
GOOD HEALTH QUESTION BOX
By Andrew F. Currier, M.D.
letters pretaining to Health. If your
be answered through these columns;
if stamped, addressed envelope is en -
for individual cases or make diagnosis.
of Wilson Publishing -Co., 73 ,Adelaide
Dr, Currier will answer all signed
question is of general interest it will
if not, it will be answered personally'
closed. Dr. Currier will not prescribe
Address. Dr. Andrew F. Currier, care
St. West, Toronto.
Dentrifices and the Care of the Teeth.
The importance, of the teeth is so
great that every means of protecting
them should always be welcomed.
Dentifrices do not take the place of
ordinary care; they are not a substi-
tute for the removal of those teeth
which are hopeless and decayed nor a
means for removing food between and
around them, which depomposes, and
causes decay of teeth, indigestion, of-
Pensive breath, etc.
But when combined with a suitable
tooth -brush, properly used, they may
help in the disinfection of the mouth,
im rov th diti f the ins and
The frequent recurrence of receding
and suppurating gums with, decay and
loss of teeth in Riggs' disease or
pyorrhoea is one of the arguments for
their better care and the persistent
Ilse of dentifrices.
The shockingly defective teeth in
early life among the poor, especially
in cities could often be prevented by
suitable hygenic ,precautions, includ-
ing the use of proper dentifrices.
People are beginning to realize the
important bearing of teeth upon the
general Welfare.y
Itis impossible to resist disease suc-
cessfully when', the mouth contains in-
numerable colonies of disease germs,
decayed teeth, suppurating gums, de-
composing food, together with ade-
noids and enlarged tonsils.
Poor teeth are said . to have em-
phasized the
mphasized;the pain and distress of many
of the soldiers in the trenches in Bel-
gium and
elgium'and France, and they have §uffer
ed not only from teethache and neural-
gia, but from 'the clumsy dentistry of
their comrades.
A good dentifrice can be made by
any competent pharmacist.
It is immaterial whether it is in the
form of powder, paste, or fluid, so
long as it is good and effective.
The pharmacopoeias of the nations
of the world show plainly what a good
dentifrice should consist of.
It should contain a fine powder of
some alkaline substance, pink, red or
black coloring material, fragrant pow-
der to give body to the alkali and in-
, vigorate the gums, something to re-
move stains from: the teeth and some
kind of aromatic oil to deodorize the
mouth and leave a pleasant and per-
sistent taste after the dentifrice has
been used.
Carbonate' of lime, perhaps in the
form of powdered oyster shells: or car-
bonate of magnesium or cream of tar -I'
tar is often used as the basis of a
dentifrice:
Florentine orris root, camphor,
myrrh, cinchona bark or sage leaves
may be used for the invigorating sub-
stance; charcoal is often used to re-
move stains and 'absorb bad odors;
carmine or cochineal to give the neces—
sary color and oil' of peppermint,
cloves or cinnamon for the flavoring.
With these substances andknow-
ing the condition of the mouth
in a given case, It is a
simple matter for a dentist or phar-
macist to compound a good dentifrice
and it would not be a difficult matter
for any one who 18 accustomed to
mixing and handling drugs.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Mrs. L. R. -Can infantile paralysis
be cured? My little girl is suffering
from its effects for seven years and I
have been told by different authorities
that it was incurable. ''
Answer—My advice to you would be
to take the child to the Orthopedic
Hospital in Toronto and have the con-
dition examined. It is true that many
of the cases of infantile paralysis re-
main permanently paralyzed, to a
greater or less extent, but an, expert
opinion on the subject would be desir-
able for you.
L. P.-1.TI should think it probable
that you were 'suffering from some
form of neuralgia. 2. If walking seems
to relieve you, the best thing for you
to do is to continue with this means
of relief, massaging the feet and legs
regularly every night," in addition to
the walking.
ruNlidle 011.0
CUT OUT AND FOLD ON DOTTED .LINES
few) ---rr
FOPAVARD
FOLD
(SACK -'Pi
15
Willie wrote a little song,
I hope somebody buys it;
Fold him up and listen while
Our young composer tries it.
. COMMUNITY
G PLANT
One Itindred Families Can by This Means Insure Most of Their
Winter's Food Supply.
The Caiaada Food 13oard conserva-
tion programme has emphasized the
great importance of drying vege-
tables, fruits and all perishable foods.
If each community would in fact save
enough home-grown food to care for
the needs of that community, thus do-
ing away with the habit of depending
upon factory -canned products during
the winter time, it would be a very
material aid to the government, re-
lieving the burden of transportation
and allowingall surplus food to go
directly for export.
Aside from the aid given to the gov-
ernment by saving in the community
the winter's food supply, the pre-
servation of perishable products eith-
er through canning or through drying
is highly desirable from' an economic
standpoint. Because of the stimulus
given to food production,= an enor-
mous surplusof garden stuff has been
produced last year and this year.
There is no possible market for this
perishable stuff aside from the local
demand and much: of it will necessar-
ily go to .waste unless it is preserved
for wintez; use either by canning or
drying. '
In either canning or drying it is
very practical for several families to
club together for doing this work.
Equipment can be purchased jointly'.
and installed in the schoolhouse or in
a vacant store or at the home of one
of the members of the enterprise. A
committee can be selected to pur-
chase the equipment and superintend
the work. Where a number of fam-
ilies do canning or drying together it
become possible to do the work much
more cheaply than it can be done in
the individual home and also permits
a trading of supplies so that each
family can have a variety of products.
A typical drying plant consists
merely of a cabinet about sixteen feet
long, two feet high and three and one-
half feet wide. The top and sides and
floor may be made of flooring or
ungrooved ceiling or compo board.
The top of thecabinet is closed by
hinged doors:
The cabinet is divided into five sec-
tions, four of which are large enough
to accommodate two stacks of drying
trays of ten each. These trays are
of convenient size for community dry-
ing, being' one and one-half feet wide,
three feet long, two inches deep,
made of half-inch material for sides
and braces and pearl -wire screen for
bottom with wire screen. at one end.
The trays are inserted in the cabinet
from the top and may be placed in
one at a time. The compartments
are lettered and the 'trays are num-
bered so that the product of each
patron can be identified.
An exhaust fan is placed at one end
of the cabinet, This fan may be
operated by electricity or by a Baso
line engine, and the air should be
drawn through the cabinet at a rapid
rate. The plant is operated by an
electric motor of two to five 'horse-
power or by a gasoline engine of
similar power.. The end opposite
the fan is covered with ordinary wire
screen so that flies may be kept from
the drying fruit orevegetables. Air
should enter the cabinet at a rate of
not less than one thousand feet per
minute and even better results will be.
secured if the speed is greater. A
good test of this air movement is to
see if a piece of card -board or a straw
hat can be held against the screen at'
the in -take end of the drier by the suc-
tion produced.
The patrons have their vegetables
and fruits all prepared when they
come to the plant. Two or three
slicing machines are provided for the
convenience of those who do not have
them at home. Every person is urg-
ed to have everything in readiness be-
fore bringing totheplant, even to the
slicing.
A plant such as this has a capacity
of one hundred trays, which will ,take
care of about twenty-five bushels of
green vegetables per day.
After drying, the product can be
stored in jars, -'paper receptacles or
any place where the product will be
kept dry and away from the insects.
No heat is used in connection with
these driers, although it would be..vell
to locate the drier with the open end
in a room; where a fire could be built,
so that, if a prolonged wet spell came,
the relative humidity of the air could
be lowered by the heat of stove or
furnace.
eAll manner of fruits and vegetables
may be dried successfully if due at-
tention is paid to their preparation.
Corn, peas, beans,• carrots, apples and
the like turn out unusually well.
The dried product can be stored in
fruit jars, paper sacks or tins. Mois-
ture, insects and rodents are the ene-
mies to watch far but it is easily pos-
sible to avoid them. In preparingthe
dried product for use it is only neces-
sary to soak in water long enough to
get back the normal supply. This
will depend on the product, soaking
over night being the usual rule. When
you dry vegetables or fruit in this
way all you take out is the water.
The food value and the flavor remain.
Put back the water and you have the
equal of the fresh product.
INTERNATIONAL LESSON
AUGUST 4.
Lesson V. Christian Growth—Luke 2.
42-52; 2 Peter 1. 5-8. Golden
Text, Prov. 4. 18.
Luke: 2. 42-52
Verse 42. When he was; twelve
years old -We have iio-knowledge of
the life of Jesus from his infancy to
this period. At the age of twelve
the Jewish boy was called' "a son of
the law" and began his instruction in
the law as to worship, fasting, and
the like. It was therefore quite in
place that he now should go up with
his parents to thegreat feast of the
Passover, which was one of the three
important festivals enjoined by the
law of Moses (Pentecost and Taberna-
cles being the other two). It was the
educational effect of these festivals
which was so important to the grow-'
ing boy, for in them were crystallized
much of the real essence of the Jewish
faith. After the custom of the feast
-Meaning that they ' follonved the '
custom of the annual attendance upon
this feast.
43. When they had fulfilled ` the
days -Seven days, according to Exod.'
12. 15: "Seven days shall yet eat un-
leavened bread," The boy Jesus tar-
riedbehind in Jerusalem; and his par-'
ents knew it not -Here is a picture of
the usual mode of traveling to the
feast—in caravans, neighbors and
friends moving freely back and forth,
and the children probably getting to-
gether in groups,' among their rela-
tives, as they traveled. Thus, as Luke
tells us, the parents supposed their
boy was somewhere in the caravan
and did not worry about him, I
45. Returned to Jerusalem, seeking
for him—A lost child was serious
affair, especially at this time, when'
great crowds thronged the city. It'
was an anxious and sorrowful time'
foe the parents, who doubtless pictur-
ed the disasters Which might have be-
fallen him.
46. After three clays—According to
the Jewish mode of speaking this pro-'
bably means on the third day. Sit-
ting in the midst of the teachers --
We may conceive of him at the feet of
a teaching rabbi, sitting in their cir-
cle.. But to conceive of him as on
an equality with the teachers is not
in aceordance with the text, since the
report would not have limited the ac-
tion of the child to the "hearing and
asking." The questioning like is of
the pure and holy desire for know-
ledge, not that of a guest joining in
the conversation.
47. Amazed at his understanding
and his answers—They were the re-
sponses of ail unusual "son of the
law," as indicating unusual discrim-
ination and spiritual perception for a
twelve -year-old boy:
48. Were astonished . Son,
why hast thou thus dealt with us'? ---
A natural rebuke that he had not told
them, of his wish to remain`' behind
and also a picture of the absorbing
interest the boy had in the discussions
over the law.
49. Knew ye not that I must bean
my Father's house—Literally, "in the
things of my Father?" "Why did
you have trouble in finding me, when
here would be the natural place to
look for me—where my Father's af-
fairs were concerned?"
50. They understood not -the say
ing—Thus his first,appearance'at the
feast was a marvelous revelation to
them of something extraordinary in
him.
51. He went down with them, and
came to Nazareth . . was subject'
to them—Here, after all, was the nor-
mal boy, not puffed up with conceit
but considerate and obedient. On
the so-called house at Nazareth to-
day is read the Latin phrase "sub•'
jiciebat parentibus"-"He was subjecl
unto his parents." His mother kepi:
all these sayings in her 'heart -Here,
evidently, was in Jesus a conscious-
ness of divine sonship, the expression
of which his parents did not under.
stand.
2Peter 1. 5-8
I Verses 5-$ Adding on your part '-
all diligence, in your faith supply vir-
tue -Faith' as an attitude of the soul
is to have certain elements of positive
strength in the progressive develop-
ment of the Christian character. Vila
tue-The word means literally ,any
eminent endowment or quality. In
one version it is used of God to de-
note his excellences (1 Peter 2. 9)'"and
in the Septuagint is used also to set
forth the. splendor and glory of God
(Iab. 3. 3) -Applied-to men it means
moral excellence, such as purity; mod-
esty. The term "virtues" is thus
used by the old philosophers to de-
note the distinguishing' excellences of
a man. Peter says in effect, Let your
faith he ` associated with noble qual-
ities of mind and 'heart. Knowledge
—This signifies in general intelligence
and understanding but here refers to
moral wisdom which is seen in right'
living. :. Patience -The characteristic
of a pian who is unswerved from his
deliberate purpose and his loyalty to
faith and piety even by the greatest
sufferings. Godliness -•A reverent
attitude toward God and a life con-
formed -CO divine ideals. Brotherly
kindness --The love which Christians
cherish for one another as brethren
the social bond which connects us as
children of the heavenly Father and
members of the family of God. ;(.rove
—Inadequately translated "charity"
in the Authorized Version. While
we are to have a special regard for
the "brethren." the chariecteristic o �
love is to mark our aelatioris wit i all
mankind; an attitude of good will
and benevolence and kind considers
tion for men generally. If ,'these
thing are yours and abound -�An idle
or unfruitful life le impossible 11 theso
great qualities mark your Christian
Character,' for 'they inevitably indi
cate the spirit of Christ and a grow-;
ing, knowledge of hint,,
A one to two -near old sod, when
ploughed under, will enrich, the soil as
much as would rnanure applied at the
tate of 10'to 12 tons per acre.