The Exeter Advocate, 1918-5-9, Page 6BY Agronomist.
Y use of our tarn+ readers who want the Advlcs
ht,9 Gleparthrollt le the iour question
f an expert on any question reeerding soli, seed, craps, etc. If Y If
a of sufficient general Interest, it will be answered terouph one eemenn.leta
stamped amped and addressed envelope is enclosed. with yaw letter, a con7p
a!7 Agronomist, cares of Wilson Publishing
awor`wr1U be mailed to you. Address 9
Co., Ltd., 73 Adelaide St. W., Toronto.
Cultural Methods for Eastern Canada.
Soil management or: cultivation in
its several phases is a very import -
eat factor ie crop production. On the
Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa,
and several of the branch Experimental
Stations in eastern Canada, methods
have been investigated for several
years. The results obtained have war-
ranted the following recommendations
being made as applicable to average
conditions on eastern Canada farms.
Cultural Operations and Imple-
nients.--Plaughing is the basic cul-
tural operation. It is therefore im-
portant and should be performed with
care and judgment. No definite rule
can be laid down as to the best me-
thod of ploughing. A safe rule, how-
ever, is to plough only when the soil
is in shape, not too wet especially if
of a heavy clay nature. Plough deep-
lyr in autumn, as deep as the surface
productive soil will allow turning an
up -standing furrow. Plough, shal-
low in spring, turning a low-lying
or flat furrow. Plough well, turn
all the land and finish with straight
even furrows and lands. Let the
ploughing he a credit to the farmer,
a reflection of his character, a• stan-
dard for other operations and an in-
centive to less thorough, though
willing workers to do better.
Harrowing—Of the several imple-
ments on the market for performing
this work the disc harrow is the most
suitable for preparing soil for seed
after it has been ploughed. Thorough
cultivation at this time is indispens-
able and the disc harrow should be
used until the surface of the .seed-
bed is smooth and friable and the sail
immediately below is firm and solid.
The drag or spike tooth harrow,
too, may be employed advantageous-
ly in seed -bed preparation especiallY
following the disc or roller to restore
a mulch or blanket of soil to cheek
evaporation of moisture. It is also
a useful implement in the corn field a
few days after sowing corn and after
the corn is up to stimulate a rise in
temperature in the sail, to destroy
small weeds and encourage germina-
tion of weed seeds and to restore the
essential mulch.
Seeding.—This operation is now
done by means of seed drills. Several
types are on the marketbut the single
disc drill is probably most popular.
Rolling.—The roller is too fre-
quently used to rut a finishing touch
to the field after seeding. It may be
so used to advantage on light soils but
even then should be f,ollowed by the
drag harrow to break the smooth sur-
face. The chief use of the roller,.
however, should be to firm and
crumble the soil before seeding. It
should not be used on very damp soil,
especially clay; let the surface dry
first then use tha roller to break the
crust.
Where implements are to be pur-
chased it should be borne in mind that!
larger implements requiring from:
three to six horses handled by one
teamster provide a means of solving
to some extent the present manual;
labor problem. Besides, the work,
done in this way is accomplished;.
economically and thus tends to keep t
down the cost of production of crops.;
Ploughing may be speeded up by
using two -furrow ploughs. Double'
disc harrows make 'a thorough seed-
bed :n the least time. The horse disc
seed drill is efficient. More sections
added to the drag harrow reduce the1
time required for this work.
A hoary -headed poultry theory is
that thunder spoils the hatchability of
eggs. We got this idea from old-
tiniers as soon as we commenced keep-
ing chickens, but our own experience
proves that it is largely a superstiti-
ous myth. We have had many hatches
that could not have been better, in
spite of violent electrical disturbance
of the elements.
Quite often severe thunderstorms
have conte up at the time supposed to
be most dangerous to the success of
the hatch—just a few days before
the eggs were due to start pipping—
yet the number of chicks that came
out of the shells appeared quite nor-
mal, and the chicks were strong and
healthy.
We have also had good hatches in
spite of blasting or other such shocks,
except when the vibrations were so
near or severe that they leveled build-
ings or broke window lights. Even
then we have found that the embryo
chicks are not always killed, or even
harmed.
While we take no stock in the thun-
der theory any more, yet we try to
avoidall sudden jars or shocks direct
to the egg, as well as rough handling
in shipment • The success of hatches
is almost always in direct proportion
to the care given the eggs when the
fertility is strong.
Tin Can Swells Income.
"Farming in :. rut," says my neigh-
bor, who was in a rut and now re-
joices in being out of;, it, "is getting
sofirmly settled in a treadmill rou-
tine of growing certain crops as to
make it seem well-nigh impossible to
attempt growing other crops known
to give better profits."
A leaf from his personal experience
in breaking away from the old-time
grain -hay farming system I believe
will inspire setae others to do likewise
to their profit and satisfaction, Here
is his story:
"The establishing of several vege-
table and fruit canning factories, in
POULTRY,
TEEGGS and
FEATHERS:
Highest Pr ccs Paid
rompt Returns—No Commission
P. POULIN & CCD.
89 Borsecouar•s' Attarkn5 7 oatze
,Absolutely cured, in any horse any case,
no atattet Prow bad. 22 years of eucceseis
oth Eenaori for taking
CAPITAL HEAVE:REMEDY
tvi th oar money -bank guarantee. It irrust
Zuru your hots?.or your znonoy is refunded:"
A FC%.li. WEIali'$ TRIAL
On receipt of 5c, (stamps ora,lVer) tocover
postage and wrapping, we will Solid yeu a
full week's trial with full
particulars and guarantee
of satisfaction. write noW.
VETERittAgY SUPPLY 116u$E
Tea CooporStaait, Ottawa, Oat
my own and adjoining communities
furnished the stimulus needed to help
me out of my own rut. Now, in I
place of confining my efforts to two
or three staple crops which formerly
produced only a meager living, I grow
limited areas of several canning crops
in a more intensive way, and have
averaged a nice addition to the income
from the staple farm crops which. I
still produce.
"The plan followed in growing the i,
canning crops is to contract with the
manager of the canning factory to I
grow a definite' acreage of some of the
staple canning crops, such as peas, I
beans, tomatoes, sweet corn, and small
fruit. By planning for sueh of the
canning crops as will best work in)
with a decreased .number of standard!
farm crops, I can intensify my efforts'
and in some seasons doublemy farm'
receipts over my old style of farming.
"For example, strawberries,' beans,
and corn grown for the cannery may
best combine with my regular farm
crops; and asparagus, cane fruits, and
tomatoes may break better in regard
to cultural and harvesting require-,
rents for my'neighbor But many{
of us are finding that we did not make
the fullest and best use of a consid-f
erable part of our time until we be-
gan to plan and systematize our work,
as was necessary to do when we took
on the growing of several canning
crops under contract.
"I feel -sure that there are many
general farmers who will read this
who might with advantage contract to
grow a few acres of some of the can-
ning crops I have mentioned by join-
ing with several neighbors to deliver
co-operatively their produce ' to the
factory, even if some distance away,
with a motor truck. Such a plan of
delivery our neighborhood has found
to be a great economizer of time, and
enables the growers of the canning �
crop to realize several hundred, or
even a thousand, dollars more from a
small area of land that will not be
missedfor the regular farming opera-
tions. Moreover, the building up of
a great canning industry in this coun-
try is one o:E the important ways of
bringing the Kaiser to his knees—by
making sure of a great reserve food
supply in addition to the regular har-
vested products."--W.G,
Message to Farmers.
I•Ion, T. A. Crerar, Minister of
Agriculture, has sent out the follow-
ing message to Canadian farmers,
asking .them in order to avert a fam-
ine to plant every possibleacrein
wheat: "Let me again draw the at-
tention of the farmers of Canada to
the great need there' is of planting l
every acre of land in wheat that seems
favorable to growing it. The news
that comes daily of Chet awful, grim
struggle now being fought in France
and Flanders brings home'to us clear-
ly and unmistakably this fact—that,
after almost four years' war, human
liberty is still in the balance. The call
for men is urgent, and they must, to
the full lir'klit 'of our power, be' gent.
Their plbees' at home must be taken
by'those who remain. Despite the
difficulties, we mustaeroduce mare food
than we have ever -done •before. ' Set
apart all your land fit for • growing
trope and'Irlant as much wheat as you
eon. Plan to bring as much new land
on your farm under cultivation as
possible, and this increase your acre-
age for next year. It will be needed
then just as much as now,"
Barley As Hog Deed.
Barley will supply grain for hogs
sooner than any other crop. A large
number of farmers have been asking
about this crop because of the scarcity
of mature cern for feeding. hogs this
spring and summer, and because com-
mercial hog feeds are so costly.
Barley is about equal to corn, pound.
for pound for feeding hogs, But
while corn does not need to be ground
for pigs, barley should. The grains
are too small and hard to be masticat-
ed and digested readily when whale.
While the pigs may not like the barley
very well aV}..first, they will soon be-
come aceustbmed to it. But they will
do better if ground barley is mixed
half ,and half with middlings or some
other palatable hog feed. Gains are
more rapid, too, when some high pro-
tein feed like tankage is fed along
with the barley and: other feeds.
1j.
Spray The Orchard.
When the leaves begin to grow the.
canker -worms may comrnence to move
up on the trunks of fruit ane other
trees. Bands of tar, tanglefoot, or
printer's ink, if put on the tree trunks
in time, will catch many of the pests.
The best sticky substance to use is
tree tanglefoot,' as it will stay sticky
longer than the other substances.
These sticky mixtures may be applied
to the bark of the tree, but they may
disfigure the, trees for several years,
It may he necessary to renew the
bands from time to time with the
sticky material, especially if the tan-
gle foot becomes hard or stiff or cov-
ered over with the bodies of dead
maths. The use of bande is especial-
ly recommended on fiery large rough -
barked elm or haekberry trees that it
would be difficult and expensive to
spray. Maples and oaks 'are not so
badly attacked by the pest. The ap-
ple, elm, and plum are the :favorite
food plants of the canker or measur-
ing -worms. When the injury from
these insects in severe, the trees may
appear during May or -June as if a
fire had swept over them. They may
be entirely stripped of their leaves by.
the worms, For small shade and
fruit trees any of the arsenical sprays
will kill the canker -worms easily if ap-
plied about the time the leaves begin
to appear. The regular summer
sprays applied in the apple orchard
for the control of the codling -math and
curculio will also kill the canker-
worms. The first summer spray in
the apple orchard should be applied
just before the bloom, and the second
spray should be made immediately
after the blooms fall. These two
sprays should control the measuring
worms very effectively.,
FLIT CORN FOR GRAIN
Flint corn, as a grain crop in east-
ern Canada, has not received the at-
tention that it merits. At the pre-
sent crisis of food supply it is the crop.
that can be increased without disturb-
ing the system of rotation or cutting
down the acreage of any other cereal.
We do not increase production if we
cut down the acreage of one kind of
grain to grow another. By growing,
flint corn we can increase the total
output of cereals without alteration or
detriment to our system of farming.
Utilization
Its value lies in its feeding adapt-
ability.
As meal in a fattening ration it is
without an equal, for cattle, hogs ..or
poultry.
. In the unground or cracked state it
is valuable in a ration for laying hens.
On the cob if used judiciously it can
be profitably given to working horses.
The immature and small ears can be
fed without waste in the autumn- to
fattening hogs.
It can be "hogged" down in the field
with profit. An acre or two of corn
will fatten the hogs on an average
farm. This method can be adopted
with profit` by the Ontario farmer in
these days of labor scarcity.
The dry stalks make excellent
roughage for dry cows or, young cat-
tle.
Last, but not least, corn can be-
come in Canada an important factor
in the human diet. Many bushels of
wheat could be released for shipment
if we would use the various appetiz-
ing foods into which corn meal can be
converted.
Range of Profitable Production
The crop should only be grown
where it will mature ` in an average
season. Using the proper variety,
corn can be grown in practically all
the older parts of Ontario, the East-
ern Townshipsand many counties.
north of the St. Lawrence in Quebec;
also many districts in the Maritime
Provinces. The District Representa-
tives of .Ontario, with the exception.
of those in the northerly counties,
state that maturity is not the factor
that prohibits the growing of ' corn,
the Secretary of Agriculture for Que-
bec snaking a similar report for that
province. e
Varieties
Quebec Yellow No. 28 is the variety
Y
that will succeed best over the greater
part of the area indicated. It is a
short stalked variety giving a• high
yield of grain, and maturing in the
average season on well drained soils
in a hundred' and fifteen days. Where
the season is sufficiently long, Long-
fellow and Saber's North Dakota will.
give an equally .large yield of, grain
with a larger tonnage of stalks. These
varieties should' be grown principally
in' southern Ontario although they ma-
ture perfectly in certain portions of
Eastern Ontario and Quebec. Earlier
varieties than Quebec Yellow No. 28
do not return a commensurate yield
for labor expended.
Labor
The work involved in growing corn
for grain is but little greater than
that of growing for silage, husking is.
the additional item but this task can
be done at the most convenient time in
the autumn and made an evening - of
neighborhood festivity.
Who Should Grow It
The dairyman who disposes of his
milk to the local creamery is the man
who can most profitably grow and use
grain corn. If he is using silage, at
the present price of shelled corn he
can afford to decrease his acreage of
silo corn in order that he may 'grow
flint for grinding.
The farmer who wishes to increase
the output of grain yet does not wish
to break his system of rotation. By
growing flint corn he is producing
grain from his hoed crop.
The man who is without a silo, and
wishes to increase his hoed crop. He
can grow corn for grain purposes with
profit likewise improving the tilth and
cleanliness of his fields. ,
Seed
Owing to the 'disastrous failure of
the seed corn crop in the United
States and Canada, seed is extremely
scarce. Each farmer should consult
with his cot my representative as to
a possible source of supply.
Wherever flint corn has been grown
there can generally be found a few
men who have developed early produc-
tive strains out of old varieties. Not
having made a practice of disposing
of it for seed, these men are occa-
sionally a valuable source of ' local
supply too often overlooked.
Conclusion
Any person who is desirous of
growing this crop and failing to ob-
tain seed this season should plan to
secure it early in the autumn for an-
other year. As long as the price of
corn, mills feeds and live stock re-
main as they now are, corn for grain
will be one of the most profitable
crops that can be grown --on - a farm.
Any farmer. so situated that he can
mature flint coria will find it profitable
to plant a few acres even though Tye
has to Cut down correspondingly his
acreage of silo corn.
CUT OUT AND FOLD ON DOTTED ,LIKES
"Iou rlc L „,s rhe utri walk the rive,"
Scid Will, "it's leads of fen;
Just let ane take that parasol, •`
And 111 shrew you how it's done."
GOOD HEAI„TH QUESTJON: BOX
By Andrew F. Currier, M.D,
Dr. Currier will answer all signed Tetters pertaining to
question is of general interest it wilt bo answered through
If not, it will be answered personally if stamped, addressed
closed. Dr. Currier will not prescribe for individual' cases or
Address Dr, Andrew 1', Currier, care of Wilson Publishing
St. West, Toronto.
flypnotics.
A hypnotic is a drug which is given
to produce sleep; it may do other
things, too; but in it causes sleep
it is a hypnotic.
Seale hypnotics will produce sleep
and will also roduce bad and
desirable effects, like depressant ac-
tion of the heart.
Such drugs are dangerous, and
particularly sb when taken by the ad-
vice of a well-meaning, but inade-
quately informed friend.
It is always best to have the ad-
vice of an intelligent physician be-
fore 'experimenting with such danger-
ous tools.
Even, physicians are not infallible
in such matters and have been known
to overlook heart weakness or heart
injury or underestimate its importance
in their desire to relieve one who is in
need of sleep.
Want of sleep, or insomnia, is a
terrible affliction. What would one
not give for sleep when suffering pain,
hour after hour? When one is sleep-
ing, physical pain does not exist, for
there must be consiciousness in order
to appreciate pain.
Sleep is more refreshing than food;,
you can live without food a -long time,
many days, but not without sleep.
The discovery of hypnotics was a
blessed thing for those who suffer, and
the new ones are, in manyrespects, at
least, better than the old ones:
By the new ones, I mean those
which modern chemistry, by analysis
and synthesis, has given us in great
numbers, sometimes embarrassingly
so, and which also are greatly Awed.
Among the old hypnotics are al-
cohol; opium, Indian 'hemp, hyos-
cyamus,`le'ttuce and hops.
The soothing effect of a hop pillow
or a hap poultice, used to be known (in
the country, at any rate), as a first
class remedy, but we seldom hear of
it, or use it, now. •
Drowsiness from the free use of let-
tuce is familiar, and the quieting ef-
fect of hyoscyamus, or henbane, was
once highly esteemed.
After the exciting effect of alcohol
passes off, it causes deep sleep, as.
Health. It your
these columns;
envelope is en.
make diagnoate.
Co.. 73 Adelaide
every drunkard knows, until the
organs have become so saturated with
it that sleep may be replaced by delir-
ium tremens.
Opium wens formerly used by many
physicians, not only to induce quiet
and freedom from pain, but sleep as
well; now it's comparatively little
given for that purpose, I am happy
to say.
The most important of the new
hypnotics are the 'bromides, paralde-
hyde, chloral, the coal -tar derivatives,
and the synthetic preparations. The -
bromides are often very efficient as
hypnotics, and as little harmful as any
powerful drugs I knew of.
Paraldehyde is a relatively safe
hypnotic and I have often wondered
why it was not more generally used.
Chloral is one of the best hypnotics
we have, but very dangerous, must
be taken in larger and larger doses,
and sometimes forms a habit which
ends fatally,
The coal tar derivatives and the syn-
thetic preparations,'many of them, at
Iea:st, are of German origin and are
now tremendously expensive and hard
to get.
I am very glad they are not avail-
able, for we were being swamped with
them, they were producing very bad
habits, and I earnestly hope that for
all future time the Germans will be
pompelled to be the exclusive users of
their' own medicines.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
M. E.-1. Is whooping -cough con-
tagious? 2. Can it occur more than
once in the same person?' 8. Can ii
be caught by simply going where there
is a person who has it? 4. Is there
a cure for it, or must it run -its
Course?
Answer -1. yes. It is extremely
contagious. 2. It is possible, through
not a common occurrence. 8. Yes. 4,
There are sedative drugs which may
Abe taken to alleviate the cough. I'
know of nothing which will, stop the
disease after it has once started. The
best plan is . careful attention to
hygiene and diet.
41
INTERNATIONAL LESSON
MAY 12.
Lesson VI. Jesus Faces The Cress—
Mark 10. 32-52. Golden
Text, Phil. 2. 8.
Verse 32. On the way, going up to
Jerusalem --Moving steadily ° along,
talking as they went. That it was "up"
to theholy city, may be remembered,.
when we consider .that Jerusalem
stood nearly four thousand feet above'
the level of the Jordan valley. Jesus
was going before: and they were
amazed afraid=It is Mark
alone who notices the position of
Jesus and the mental; perturbation of
the disciples. It seems that it was
unusual for Jesus to ,•go ahead of the
company. Then, there was •some-
thing in his appearance and spirit
which awed them. A crisis was im-
minent. His anticipation of the -seri-
ous conflict made itself known in his
countenance. And he took again the
twelve -That is, fell back from his ad-
vanced position and resumed his place
with them in ordinary conversation.
Began to tell them the things that
were to happefi unto him—This' is now
the third time that he seeks to impress
upon them the gravity of the 'days
ahead of him, but they seem not to
comprehend, so unwilling were they
to entertain any thought of disaster
to their Messiah and to the kingdom
he was to establish.
'33. The Son of man shall be deliver-
ed unto the chief priests and the
scribes—He saw clearly that there
was no 'avoiding tire clutches of his
enemies. • He did not seek to evade
the inevitable issue, but marched
directly toward his goal, caring not
for himself but for these trustful dis-
ciples to whom he was to 'handover
the great work he had inaugurated
and who were pitiably ignorant of the
great meaning of it all. Condemn him
4o death . deliver him unto the
Gentiles—To him the approaching
dearth was "snot an accidental tragedy,
but an event which .clearly lay in his
pathway as a part of his Messianic
program. It was not an incident but
a necessary part of his work. These
were butter words to the disciples. The
thought that he was to' die.and was to
be delivered to the Gentiles instead o#'
leading them to victory over the "na-
tions" must have thrown thein into
utter confusion.
84 Mock spit upon .
scourge. . . kill The climax of
indignities. "Crucify him," says
Matthew., Put hint to death, like the
meanest and mast abandoned criminal.
After three days he shall rise _again
riere is a prophecy which makes this
utterance a revelation. Foresight
might suggest that to go into .the very
midst of his enemies would mean dis
aster and death, but to affirm that he
would rise from the dead at a stated
.time lifts this prediction above com-
mon foresight into divine knowledge,
35. We would that thoushonldest
do for us whatsoever we shall ask—
Certainly
Certainly a large request and in any-
thing. but a modest spirit. This is a
very painful episode. Al. a time when
/their hearts should have been deeply
touched by the thought of the suffer.
ing which awaited their Master they
were thinking about securing the best
places in his kingdom.
87. Grant that we may sit, one on
thy right hand, and one on thy left
hand -The positions of honor, next to
the throne itself, the right hand hav-
ing the post of precedence. • In thy
glory—The glory of the Messianic
King.
38. Ye know not what ye ask—They
were to learn the difference between
standing first and being first, and. that
there is a vast difference between: ap-
pointment and achievement. They
were also to learn that it is suffering,
not honor which marks the first place
in the high roll of the kingdom. Are
yeuable' to drink the cup . . to
be baptized --Figurative expressions
to indicate a man's portion in life and
the overwhelming power of calamity.
39. They said, We are able—We are
hardly to suppose that this indicates
they had an adequate idea of the cost
of drinking thne cup and undergoing,
such a baptism. It is rather an in -
considerate' and superficial answer:]
The cup that.I drink ye shall drink--;
He administers no rebuke for their
self-seeking, but assures thein that
they shall verily share in his suffer-
ings
uffer
in gs in the pathway of their apostle-,
s 40. To sit on my right hand or on
my left hand is not mine to give
for them far whom it hath
beeri prepared—Not personal influence
but fitness, and that fitness is deter-
mined by the service' rendered. So,
the bestowment as a matter of per-
sonal favor is out of the question. No
personal equation enters into it.
42. ' Jesus `called them to him -Such
a display, Of ,selfish ambition must',
have intensely : grieved him. They..
who are accounted to rule over the
Gentiles—That is, those who seem to
rule: IIe would show them that men
rule by force, by heredity, by choice,
by flattery, by intrigue, but that few •
possess the real qualities of leader-
ship. They lord it over them, and. the
people became their servants.
43. But it is not so among you—
In
ouIn the Kingdom the leaders instead of
being lords become aervannts.and The'
very highest become bond servant of
all. The essential principle of the
kingdom of God is to achieve great -i
neess—nob through preferment, but
through service rendered.
45. The Son of man came not to be
ministered unto, but to minister --
Even the San' of man isnot exempt
From this r'ul'e. Ile Is the Head of
umanty and yet he is the servant of
all; To give hie life a ransom for
many,—llis death is the supreme ser -1
vice for 'humanity. He gave his life
not merely in behalf of many but in::
Stead of marry. Here we have before'
ars the profound truth of; the vicarious
sacrifice of Christ. His life becomes
the "lutron" or price by which men are
freed from bondage
A fine story comes from the front
ttelating to King George's recent/visit,'
Seeing a slightly wounded Austi.'a-
lean at the railway station the King
walked up to him and said:
"I've often heard about you Austra-
liens in this war."
The Australian, holding out his
hand, responded: "Put it there!"
The King shook his hand warmly
and appeared immensely pleased to be
taken as an "equal."
This incident is symbolical of the
democracy for which the Allies ere
fighting,
at