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The Exeter Advocate, 1918-2-14, Page 2Tap Agronomist rtnlent is for the ,use of our farm readers who want the 1dVlcn o! ane l et- If aur question i Y rhh Department expert on any question regarding soil, seed, cr ops, ' etc, 1 to of sthis column. sufficient general interest, It will be answered through I, tee stampedenclosed ith .our letter,a cotnP e and addressed cnvaiopq is w y lulasver will be mailed to you, Address Agronomist, care of Wit Co., Ltd., 73 Adelaide, st, W., 'Toronto. 1 G owfi; ,i Lett nee.. €, f1_uons and Let nee To get with •reel g t the finest results'iYat g onions, starting this year you should lure good quality of white onion sets,. These' are 'not exensive, The best p ones have very short tips, and the bulbsare 'fireand Unwrinkled. Avoid those' with long sprouts and the bulbs of whic}z are withered and spent. The soil should be very rich, loose, and with a sandy base. They do net do so well in a stifr'iinxestune-clay soil. It will pay you to give the onion bed special treatment es to working be- fore it is planted,' Dig, chop t nd rake the soil to the limit, and when in good condition dig tinder heavy dressing of rich well -rotted stable manure. Make the top of the bed as fine as for seeds, ready to plant as soon as the soil dries out somewhat, as it shodld be drier far onion sets than for seed sowing, The usual -way, in ordinary soil, is to set them about three inches apart, . This is not necessary when the soil is rich and porous. As the onions will be picked before the bulbs get more than three-quarters of an inch in 'diameter you can set them with only an inch space between them—and get good results. A common practice is to make a shallow trench with the hoe or rake, in which process the bottom thereof is more or less compacted, making a solid mass of soil under the small onion=set. This makes it difficult for the fine roots of the onion, when they commence to forage for food and mois- ture, to penetrate this soil. In many cases the result is that the set is slightly lifted upward, checking its growth, and making a poor onion, of 1N'TERNA t'IO ,A I.,ESSO 4 F.EIxRl7.AItY 17. Lesson VB.—Jeans Teaching byPar,•x- � b1es 13'our Cititls u$ t roujjtl- Wilson Publisitinfo M irlc 4..1-20, Golden Text., Laike 8. 18, 1"', The way sidpt sue ^tiAar t•i ;s1an innately c h t se ''Who indeed hear rates t into whose. inner life th'a troth does MAI.. elites, SatLtnr---'tit trtitli r novel.,: from the mind by• evil flnc n c, presented by the arch enemy cif the i,t n 10, 17, Rocky placers' , no root in .theznselrei -*A. superficial reception of the truth and a t uiek lodgment of it, with a quick; germination, but not sufficiently deep to give stability, No. depth of soil, consequently, easily scorclied and easily washed away, Sun. and rain, which' nourish the seed' in deep Soil, only destroy it on rocky' x1nces- Tribulation or persecution— used green it is well to plant onion- Verse :1. Again b the sea -side__ e- A superficial religion is easily (Lis- sa The €'i Y cl to intrs'�red and destz�tived, Affliction z: satr'feeperilianif intended picture is clear—the vast multi,. con ,,, i doubtful quality. This can be overcome by planting them so that the soil under them is not compacted. Mark off the rows with 'the straight edge or use the garden- 1 line. With an old spoon or the point of, a bread knife, lift out enough soil to admit of the onion -set, insert the set, pour the soil around it, and firm the soil slightly around it. DO NOT PRESS ON THE ONION -SET' WHILE PLANTING IT. This method is very simple, rapid and effective. It is based on the necessity for quick growth and good green onions. Shallow Working Required six order to facilitate growth quick- _ I ly, onions when grown for eating green should be well and frequently worked.Only shallow working is zequired, and when planted intensively in the home garden this can best be done with the hand -weeder, working around the ; rows to keep down the weeds and a crust from forming on the soil, as well as a dust mulch over the top to prevent evaporation of moisture from the soil. When to be into full-grown onions This will re- tude on thebeach, crowding ,rowdin • down to and "Persecution cannot` kill a deeply the Praetor in the 'rooted faith. i stilt lzx longer white stems, � , g this fishlxx�. boat,which`18, 19, Among thorns , cares the edible;, portion;the more of „ is pushed out, a If little i•rom 'the shore, riches, lusts—Other things go deeper the more food value they have, I into the We, absorbing tunic attention when set 3: T1ie sower• --0n the liths about � _ the sets bah=e"not sprouted wlandinterest,and'ot'ersliiiclawnl mate' the tops the lake in plain view were the fields,g out;;plant them an inch belowthe various soil 's i tors mor 1 and religious The Seed s z d 11 tl d't"' 4 which is the water's edrne •4: .E TIOC Ey Earl W. Gage, 'lis'xe e splendid system of team- work in ic,e hartet;t down this way. One farmer helps the other, and all have plenty of ice and do not fool the labor' shortage or the "high cost' of Bnr But as fess* tools.are needed to cut the ice. A stool scraper is useful; some types of small road scrapers may he tied Inc this, or a very good homer made n scraper; 1 s e• lc p a may � be fashioned of wood and faced with a. strip of steel, , such as the back of an old Grows -cut saw, An ice :plow is almost essential if axiy quantity of ice is to be harvest- ed, though for small jobs it is not nec- ossary. This aids in removing the por- , , a, le con 1 ions, <, : ' ons surface .ice and simplifies which would suggest the arable — brings n,o'thing to perfection :for lack p'fins cutting theawes the path through}? i Of zxotuiislimcnt, room, and attention. into block. Half a dozen ice ,Pike Sewer, r outhe fields,r, the birds,the stony fields,the , Choke the word --Inevitably, 'for the poles, boarin , vertical points and hor- ground: . gaad material and worldly life crowds out izontal hooks, are necessary ht float - 4. The way side—Th. r • the higher lisle. ing the incto the loading - e l cancer foot I platform. path, 'falling ori which and haying no L4, The good ground --It goes al-, An ice saw maybe useful 6r an ordin- g most without saying that when the ary"cross-cut one hlindre ren v seed has favorin conditions it eves ,' z o ed the best results. Each kind of soil, inaY be substituted, Produces. accerding to its Capability. 1 Dividing the Work. It is not intended to teach that allper•- { Three squads of men Har=e bee* z their table -with 'delicious. :air of the bulbs. Soil For Lettuce As lettuce should be a quickly grown crop, it should have a t light,. rich, swarm soil, well filled with humus.; This latter quality can hardly be Over- emphasized. irer- lad 'most sn the crev'ce of 1 em hasized The best lettuce grown €� s the earth, P the seed fell an easy prey to the birds, in this country comes from the muck •5, Rocky ground=Not :ground farms, which are almost pure humus, mixed with stones, for in: those same This condition of soil applies to most fields to -day one sees much loose stone, of the succulent crops, yet the grain flourishes. This is, L initis --the rather; thin soil ozi, the surface, with Lettuce is of two general It , "loose hotel,°"or "cutting;" which does a bed 01 rock,beneath. The grain neon make tight heads, and the head could have no deep root and no ado- quate moisture, lettuce. Each of these kinds has its 7• Among thorns—Which absorb appropriate place and season in the the nolarishment of the soil and'thus home garden. The former is plantedt 1 s prevent ' the growth f th directly into the garden beds, for im- mediate -use as soon as large enough, While the head lettuce is sown in. the seed bed to be transplanted later on, separately, in rows for:heacling`-up. Two Ways in Cutting Lettuce There are two ways in which the all teachers of spiritual truth. The cutting lettuce is generally handled. men Word—Thedivine message brought to One is to sow it very 'thickly, and by the, Master. Historically, when it gets to be four inches high, cut the teaching of spiritually -minded it off just above the crowns for using leaders in all the•ages. as "snip" lettuce, allowing it to grow again large enos.igh for several more cuttings. This is a wasteful" and not very satisfactory way. A better way is to sow the seeds thinly in drills six inches apart in a warm, well -drained location, dropping the seed from the hand so that they will be about three to the inch. When the plants get to be four inches high, remove every other one and aepeat this process as they grow larger. This should insure good, tender'lettuce as long as there is any to pick. Make the top of the soil very fine the mucous membrane which lines the and mellow fel- sowing the cutting let-' bronchial tubes. tune. The drills can best be made by These are air tubes beginning like the straight -edge and should not the branches be over half an inch deep. Cover the seeds by smoothing with the straight -edge across the drills and press down firmly along the rows. As moisture is necessary to ger- minate, do not a,llow the lettuce bed to dry out until the young plants have come through. the. soil. However, the watering must be done in such a way essentially in the tissues, in; which the as not to invite disaster. Early in tubes are inbedded. the morning' of a sunny clay is the best Anybody can have bronchitis, from time, and it should be done with the Ian infant in ` arms to a_ centenarian; fine nozzle of a hose, pointed into the! the chief sufferers are those who lack air, or a fine-nozzled watering pot. good resisting power. Usually after the lettuce plants get to 1 When the large tubes only are in- a height of an inch at this season of volved the condition is' not usually very the year they will get enough rain to serious, it worse when the middle keep them going—but be sure of it. sized tubes are attacked and if the dis- ease attacks the' fine capillary tubes it TINGICE the rear of the sled gate. It is mach easier to 'handle the,` ice this way than over the sides of the sled: The best method is to pull the ice into the house by hand. Use about thirty-five feet of three -quarter -inch rope, the end at the house being hitch- ed ed to a rafter so it will be'handy and not slip. An ice tong should be tied to the other end, and with this ar- rangement one elan can pull up large- sized cakes to a height of twelve feet b on n twenty -foot chute. The tongs. must be good and sharp to prevent slipping, as handling' ice is dangerous work, and light tongs are preferable toheav `ones. It is well to have an Y. assortment of sizes on hand. Some fa.rmer�s think it is too ex en-" p sive to cut.ice,.yet its is the only crop we may say truthfully that may be se- cured on the farm or near it at cost of taking it away. And ice increases the value of farm products many times, and is.especially useful in handling milk, cream and- fruits, to say nothing of aiding the tarnx.fannily in supply - sons lnust,inevitabiy fall under one of found best ' • h" ng leer. . !trot ns this 'section, ea,cli with and cool drinks in summer. tlxese four classes. The point of the; aa team. The first , squad removes parable is that the seed, m order to the no v The Amount Required the best results, must have the right s t or spongy ice from the stir• face of the field and louts saws and The dairy farmer should put . up - of way in the life Of a than. The P ' about 1,000 pounds of ice for each cow, if used to cool cream. For a twenty-`. good ground is not only a well-pre- pared soil, but a soil steadily cultivat- cuts the ice into blocks of a size most convenient to handle and for the pur- roves le grow :1 0.: e ed and cleared of all noxious elements. pose for which the ice is intended. c8.ozy hard, ten tons of Inc will he need b grain. When these are the conditions the life •Larger cakes are best if theycan be ed. If whole -milk is cooled, consid- T Thirty, sixty, and a Hundred fold erablymore ice will be needed. der -The soil. on the plain of Gennesaret, is fruitful. ^_ ___. used since. the waste - will not be as to` day, is of marvelous fertility, and =' great: If the Inc is more than twelve average conditions it will take ,frons- two rom must have been the same at, that time. A kitchen in good repair inspires inches thick blocks two feet square two to tta=o and a half ,tons per cow 14. The sower—Primarily Christ the cook to keep; it neat, on the surface are more convenient. for`milk'cooling. As from forty: to himself, then,his apostles,'who go - —: to handle;is it is thinner than a foot fifty, cubic feet are required for a forth is his name. broadly speakin A new automobile clock is kept thick three feet square can be packed ton of packed . ice, Inc ten/ tens 500 a f J•e wound automatically by electricity. well. cubic feet of space must be .lulled. The second squad of the community The sides of, the ice house should he Japan is cuttiax = awayIt forests at co -o erative ice well insulated to protect the ice from 1 0 ,' p party cuts loose the summer heat. Sawdust is , good `for a rate of 1,000,000 acres a year. blocks and floats them to the stele of this purpose. About a foot should the open water, where they are ready b 11 1 h GOOD A I QUESTION BOX By Andrew F. Currier, M. D. Dr. Currier will answer all signed letters pertaining to Health, If. your question is of general interest it will be answered through these columns; if not it will be answered personally, if stamped, addressed envelope is en- closed. Dr. Currier will not prescribe for individual cases or make diagnoses. Address Dr. Andrew F. Currier, care of Wilson Publishing Co,, 73 Adelaide St. West, Toronto. Bronchitis. The cough is worse in the morning. Bronchitis mean inflathmaiion of after the secretions have accumulated during the night. The disease is .doe to inhalation through the nose or mouth •of some kind of irritant, either dust, gas or es of a tree at the end infectious germs, Hence the need of - of the windpipe, getting smaller and respirators in minis laboratorync smaller as they ramify, and ending in g• the balloon -like air vesicles in -which stork, fighting Germans, etc., and the the blood is relieved, in exha'-ation, of importazxce of destroying the ' ever - its carbonic acid and `which absorb present germs in the nose and mouth from the inhaled- air 'its oxy en.: be routine spraying or irrigation with. g antiseptics like carbolic oz• boric acid In pneumonia the bronchial tubes menthol or eucalyptol: may be involved, but the, trouble is Those who live in bad hygienic con - In every household there is a cer- tain amount of table scraps and kit- chen waste which finds its way into the garbage pail. Poultry is the only class of domestic animals suitable for converting this waste into wholesome food in the form of eggs and poultry meat. Each hen in her. pullet year should produce ten dozen eggs. The average size of the back yard flock is ten hems. Each flock should produce 100 dozen eggs, which at 50 cents a dozen, a fair average price, would be worth $50, and give the :family eggs of a quantity and- freshness difficult to obtain. Two-year-old hens had better be sent to the market. They seldom :pay for their feed if kept over a third season. Grit and • oyster shell should be in- cluded in the ration for both young and old. To neglect this would: he poor economy. Supplement the regular feeds with a wet mash -fed crumbly. Feed all the chickens will clean up before go- ing to roost, but none should be Left in the trough for it will sour. The dust bath should be where! the sun will shine on it in order that it may be kept city and warm as may be; On almost all sunny clays, one or more hens will be seen filling their plumage with the soft earth, 'azul that will do much toward keeping clown lice and assuring the health of the :flock. A high -sided box should he used to pre - •U vent the fowls from throwing the dirt out when using the bath. The Ioam. should' be changed occasionally so -that it will not become filthy. If potatoes that are to he. baked are 'boiled first•'in- salt water for ten mi- nutes they will bake in considerably less time than is the rule, The British will soon fix it so that a man can go :from Jerusalem to Jeri- cho without falling among thieves, Even honestTurks' will: not regret the change, The really big question is how to raise the heifer calves, for old 'dairy- men know upon the treatment accord- ed these youngsters will depend in no small measure their usefulness when they mature, as dairy cows. A few suggestions culled from the ex- perience of some leading milk pro- ducers, may accordingly be helpful First. The dairy calf should be:giv- en its mother's milk for the first ten days, and if it is a weak individual, for at least three or four weeks: Second. The calf should not be overfed. About two quarts' at a feed is sufficient. Third, Feed three times daily for. the first three weeks. Fourth. The change from whole milk to skins -milk should be made gradually, during a period of ten days. At the same time the number of feeds given daily should be reduced' from three to two. . Fifth. Increase gradually the feed allowance until the calf is receiving from four to five' quarts per feed. Sixth. Replace the fat lacking' in the swim -milk by feeding such things as""ground oats and corn, with a little bran. Seven. Teach the calf to eat grain by placing dry grain in the bottom of the pail, or directly in its mouth. Eighth. Food bright, clean hay, Ninth. Prevent scours by regular: feeding,` feeding •in clean ,by avoid- ing over -feeding, providing clean, dry stables; allowing plenty of sunlight to enter, and by keeping the manger :free from sour feed. If skim -milk is not available, calf meal can be used. The following borne- mixed calf meal, first tried by the Pili due Experiment Station, ;has been found to give good results: Hominy `or' corn meal, oil seal 0. 1., blood flour and red dog ':flour or flour mid - clings, in equal parts, at the rate of one pound of mixture to one gallon of water. This ehoul2l be :feel like skins - milk, though not in eiccess of One gal- lon at a feed, - Most birds' eat more than twice their own weight of. food every' day. 01'1 of citronella will restore the color to most shades of taxi or brown leather. is very, apt to have a fatal issue, Infants and young children are fre- quently victims of capillary bronchitis. The inflamed mucous membrane be- comes swollen and obstructs the en:- trance n;trance and -egress of air in this dis- easefl nd in the fine tribes'the passage m is almost obliterated. It also secretes more material than it does in health and this secretion in the mild cases 1 is plain mucous, in the cases which are severe and in which decomposition takes place it is purulent, and in those in which gangrene of the tissues oc- curs it is fetid and offensive. Cough, expectoration and difficult breathing are therefore the character- istic symptoms, of -bronchitis. The acute form of the disease lasts from a few days to a few weeks, the chronic for months or years, getting better and worse, being especially troublesome in winter: ditions, those whose habits are bad, and those who are physically weak from any cause, may get bronchitis. It may be tuberculous iri character, hence that must be determined. In -order to present it, breathe deep- ly, sleep and live and work in well ventilated rooms and keep the body protected with warm clothing, Beep the bowels open, use hot Iriiik t c s o promote perspiration, a hot poultice on the chest to facilitate breathing, and a hot water bag at 1 the feet. A suitable dose of quinine at the be- ginning of an attack 'may arrest it. Let the food be abundant, but simple and depend more upon nature for re- lief, than upon drugs, if you can. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, M. G. S.-1. Should one who has had a stone removed from the kidney drink only, boiled' water? 2. Is a tripoli stone water filter advisable? 3. Will it remove linfe from the wa- ter ? Answer --1. That would, of course; be the safest plan, but with reason able care, I do not think 'it essential. 2. It is well thought -of by some with whom 1 am acquainted. 3. Not that which is in solution, but that which is hlrecipitated. to be loaded on sleighs Here a I e allowed' for the two, outside, walls, ' which are filled between with sawdust. tramway with a pair of lee books at - When filling the lionise, keep thio top tacked to a r will • 1- loading ` opo tvl make a level and with a light stick tamp a relatively easy matter.Let the rope 1 extend across the sled -box from the'liberal quantity of broken, chipped, tramway; hitch one horse to' it axil and shaved Inc into the joints. An, drag the blocks from the water to be adz is handy fora shavingceand leveling the ice. Square, cakes are used in loaded, This saves heavy lifting and the middle and uneven ones are trim - keeps the men from becoming unnec med Inc the' edge. Goo tight essarily wet. Ordinary ice tongs! , g d t s lad joints may be attached to the cakes, are necessary. As the ice is laid and I swept with a broom plenty of water is -The third' gang of men work in the thrown over the ice to freeze'tlse cakes ice -house. They,place each lead into into a solid mass. position in the house, pack sawdust'as Caring for the Product rapidly as the ice is delivered.` Eight men and' three teams can work most Not more than twelve to fourteen. rapidly in harvesting a cropo£ Inc by inches should be left- between the Ovalis this Method. and the ice, the intervening space be - January and February = are the best ing filled with sawdust or,•olos=er ehaff; straw is too loose and will not pack . months for the 'ice harvest,• although tight enough:Sawdust is preferable in thissection some very good ice, , to chair, and both are better than the best oft the season, was put in dur- straw. Tar paper tacked on the walls ing March. - It is best to -'start cut- ting ice the afternoon before storing provides further insulation against the it, so that a good supply will be on heat. When the ice house has been filled, hand to complete storing in one day if the weather continues cold; it is well with two teams hauling to the ice Of to cover the top for two or three house. In case the weather is clear days, but before the weather moiler-- when beginning to cut, it is best to ares the top should be covered with leave the -cakes' in the water until even- two feet of sawdust or clover chaff. ing, when they should be drawn out to prevent freezing in, and to permit This covering, should be redistributed the water to freeze again. \ and packed into the sides about once a month until the house is opened for Packing the Ice summer ice. In conveying -the •ice from the sled Ventilation isan important provi- to the house two chutes may be used sion in an ice house owing to the pre sence of warm air which is certain to accumulate on top of the ice... In the newer ice houses it is necessary to place a small ventilator in the center/. - of the roof which carries off this warm air. An opening of this sort will not melt the ice, as an opening in the end, would, yet provides space forthe. warm air to pass out. Cold air is heavier than warm air and because of this fact the cold air, which tends - to keep the contents of the. building from melting, sinks to the 'floor and from , there adjusts itself around the sides of the ice. The warm air, on the other hanil, rises to the top and _escapes .N :' L fU T OUT AND FOLD' ON DOrTflP ,�^^.„--'�a�r-•.^.c��s.:r•ti. ....�sa�crzxxrEa..�&xasr�ts ��wer�.:awamsc��aw�s:.vaar-srsa�ci�uu,�zr..icii•�ix'–zs�r.C.:;TM^*r> 9T k • , t .,r s, -r Vas) 4 a1c6+V ;;Ia.,tV,,x k u vM,,g ct!t;', 4h,MYV4 , graa+e A`N:v.,'v Huxrayl 'W&re goitre to the panus Arid tithe. our c,ttppee.---what. if larit! hitt t iliie';t r ug h an appetite,. X doubt it he otto 'night, o advantage; one about twelve feet ong• for low work and another about wenty feet long to be used above eight or nine -foot doors. The smaller chug may be made of two-by-four's for, sides, with one -inch stuff nailed lengthwise of the chute. The long chute had better be made of two -by - six for the sides, with cross braces nailed about every four feet. Make the chutes strong to prevent breaking and injuring the workmen. Fasten with a two-by-four nailed across the top underneath ..-to hold it against- the door. Place the other end on the rear of title sled gate so that the ice may be placed on the other end on ,through the ventilator. A good grooming costs no money, and is equal to two quarts of oats. Keep your' Horse's feet soft, and have him shod often. More feet arc ruined in the stable than en the road. sHumal:nely •destroy the worn•out, in- curably lame horse. If you; sell him, the money that you receive is blood money. • . a• Punctuality in feeding and watering the horses is very 'important. They will worry and hose fresh if kept wait- ing beyond the regular time. If the hoof is kept supple and elas- tic by soaking, there will be much less trouble's from foot lateness, which starts because of a dry, contracted hoof that has no elasticity. a When -a hprse is -disposed to cough. in the. stable, have his teeth put in order by a veterinarian, as irregul- arities sometimes cause a cough. Keep the stable clean and well ventilated to prevent inhalation of irritating" gases. Wet all feed. If the cough`, persists give half an ounce ,of glyco=heroin three times a day, and if necessary -ii - crease to one -ounce doses. Table of Food Grotius. `• No. '1 -'--Body regulating substances. Fruits: Pears, peaches, plums, apples, strawberries, oranges, melon;;, etc. And vegetables, Celery, lettuce, greens, potatoes and root. vegetables, ,peas, bea,ne,tomatoes, squash; etc. No, i .— Muscle -building: mien,, cheese, nuts. eggs, -.Mat,. poultry, 11111, Pte. No. 3--f'oode which £utmelt'starchi Breakfast foods," cereals, rice, mac- aroni, cakes, cookies, pastes, starchy desserts, puddings, potatoes, etc. No. 4 ---Foods dependedon f.'br su- gar: ,Honey, syrup, sugar; ,candies, jams,: jellies, sweet cakes, icing, and other sweet desserts.: No. b.—Foods which produce 'Iat;• Butter, cream, lard, suet ; -salad and other oils, pork, etc.' If it is true,—and we believe it that the war will be won not only in the trenches, but 'in our kitchens and dining -rooms, then the more we know about food values the -better we will. be able to °`,carry on. . When to Cut Trees. Trees should be Cutin winter, as timber dries more slowly at this time of year and there is Iittle danger of. .damage from season checking, Logs can be handled most economically in, 1 the ?winter months, as four tunes as i many logs can be hauled on, sleds as `on wheels. 11 the logy or posts 'are cut in winter they become well season- `' ed before they are set, and proper seasoning is the most economical preservative treatment one can give to posts or poles. Ali the great in'tlustz•ial oi:ganiza- tions, such as kail•oads, telegraph, and telephone companies, that use enor- mous quantities of timber specify that it must be cub between October 1st and March 1st. Experience has Shown - that best results have beenobtained by, cutting the trees at this time, 'The cost of, living in Great Br.iitain,` has risen 100, per cent, since the wa,� accord•iiig to otrieial ligures•preeentet in the Ibouse of Commons..