Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Exeter Advocate, 1917-11-1, Page 2, By Agronomist This Department le for the use of our farm readers whe want the adVice of an expert en any question regarding soil, seed, crops, eto. If your question is of sufficient general interest, it will be answered through this column. If etampeo and, addressed envelope is enelosed with yew letter, a complete, answer.wii be mailed to you. Address Agronomistcare of Wilson Publishing CQ,, Ltd, 73 Acielaide St. W. Teronto. SELECTING SEED POTATOES Will potato parings reproduce Pota- toes ? In this day of conservation, eonie truths are being impressed which wonld never have dawned had it not been for the agitation which was kept up this spring and through, the sum- mer. To -day, I saw potetoes dug from tl e hill where only eyes were planted, in many ca.ses, as high as five market- able tubers being produced from a single hill. In like manner, a large number of potatoes were produced from hills where only cones were planted, each cone containing an eye and as much of the potato as would be secured by rem.oving the eye with a pen -knife. While perhaps good as an economy measure, if this were kept up for some time we would no doubt hear, "this variety of potatoes has completely run out," which is equivalent to saying that the seed was not selected careful- ly. Almost all cases of varieties of farm stocks running out can be direct- ly traced to the fact that the seed was not carefully selected, We are prone to run to extremes on various ideas and do not stop to see Whithe_ we are 'tending with the thing we push. Some growers plant large potatoee and cue:: to keep up the vitality of the seed. Such a procedure, of course, depletes the natural re- sources of the plants and results in no potatoes. Continual breeding from large and overgrown individuals in- evitably results in retrogression for the variety. Again, there are those who planted real small potatoes this year and they are this fall gratified with the results. It will result in that they will continue to plant the small potatoes and the course of a few years will see these varieties running out from the same cause. Reprbuction from the dwarfs of a plant will eventually result 'in dwarfs; in other words, running out. If we follow the same line of reason- ing that we pursue in other matters, we would be forced to conclude that to keep the potatoes from running out, it is necessary to plant each year specie meris or parts of specimens that are as near the average for the variety as possible In the loug run, the aver- age will hold its own wheee the dwarfs and giants are both overthrown. A man said to me the other day: "I would rather have the poor bull in a family of good cattle than the good bull in the family of poor cattle. I believe that „the first one Veould stand far greater -chance of transmitting the desirable qualities of his family." The same identical reasoning ought to hold with potatoes. Better to plant the poor potato among a hill of good ones than the good potato among a F411 of poor ones. In these busy times, one is likely to meet up with the contention that th,e potato grower has not time to bother with selecting his seed potato -es but because of the busy and momentous times, it is all the more appropriate and necessary to insure a plentiful supply of •good seed for next year. Like produces like, and to get good crops without planting good seed is next to impossible. Hill selection has been known to in- crease the yield of potatoes as high as ten bushels per acre when kept up for two years and with potatoes at one dollar per bushel, the extra seed guaranteed would go quite a ways 'to- ward insuring a large supply of pota- toes. / If one continues to plant small seed each year, he multiplies small ones. For instance, here are two hills, one with a single small potato and the other with four. By using thie" seed, the unprolifie hill is multiplied by four while the prolific hill is multiplied by only one. The same thing may go on another year and the poor hill is multiplied by sixteen while the other is again multiplied by one, untilln four or five years a new kind of pota- to must be imported. Practical results show that it pays, and pays well, to select potatoes from the field. Select for seed from those hills where there are the largest num- ber of -potatoes and all of them mar- ketable. The hill unit is the only sat- isfactory unit for the improvement of potatoes. known, a proper idea of the advis- P minability of making a special effort tb secure winter eggs may be obtained,__ also a notion a the age at which birds' may be expected to begin to produce profitably. ee ---.:*--- The chief aim of the poultry keeper at this time of year is the production of winter eggs and the course fol- lowed by many in endeavoring to hit the mark is that of excessive feeding —Very often without sufficient regard for other items that are of importance. One of the first requirements for suc- cess in this direction is the selection of early -hatched pullets and the sec- ond is the provision of comfortable winter quarters, while the matter of regularity in feeding should receive as much attention as that of providing a sufficiency of feed without waste. In planning for the wintering of the entire flock of the farm, or poul- try establishment, a distinction be- tween the layers and breeders must be made in the matter of feeding. The pullets should be fed heavily from now on in preparation for the laying season, while the old hens may be fed sparingly. Exercise is necessary to maintain the health of any bird arid especially of those receiving a heavy ration so, to enforce this, the grain supply should be fed in a deep litter, night and morning. A mash consist- ing of bran or middlings, cornmeal, and a little beef scrap may be kept before the pulletS with advantage, but should only be offered at intervals to the other birds. An account should be kept of all expenses and receipts in connection with the flock in winter, also a record 't)f the date at which each pullet be- gins to lay, and if possible, a count of each bird's production of eggs. By this means, if the age of a pullet is HIGHEST PRICES PAJD For POULTRY, GAME, EGGS & FEATHERS Please write for particulars, P. xsolameer te co., as sonnecouro „aearket, zeontreal Bow 13 'the largest fur house in the world neecie our fees. lefo stieV cosh, ,Write_fOr 'but new pilled list e -a coon, Muskrat Skunk', Cleos, sum, imx and other, Furs. Trill:melt send us their furs a..\•ater yearl?ecause they moron -Loney and a square ,new book win tell o tran•-shows the dif. iri beautiful,natural yes the game laws,' smokers, etc. Send tti CO. ,Loii, Mo. Glanders is an infectious' disease affecting horses and .sometimes at- tacks man. One of the symptoms is the formation of -ulcers in the nose and -a discharge, mixed with blood, but without ,an offensive odor, from the nose. . The glands under the jaw of- ten swell.- Swellings often occur on the legs, ulcers sometimes form on the skin, the coat is apt to be dull, and thee affected horse loses flesh. The discharges from the nose 'con- tain the germs which shows how easy it is for a glandered horse to infect a watering trough ot manger. It also giyes an idea of the care that needs to be exercised when glanders is in a community in order to keep well horses from becoming infected. Horses that come from a distance, whether brought by horse traders, immigrants, or gipsies, sometimes are affected and so spread the contagion. There is no eath for glanders and being so contagious it has been found hest to kill glandered horses. The sooner they are killed and destroyed the less danger of other horses be- coming infected. It is not always possible to diagnose glanders from the symptoms. A test called the Mallein test can be used to determine whether a horse has glan- ders or not. This test is very reliable. Glanders also attacks humans, and is usually fatal. Care should be tak- en in handling a glandered horse. The infection comes through 'goine of the glanders pus getting into the eye or gaining entrance through the skin where it is cut or scratched. aff The kicking cow is easily cured by the proper methods. To cure the offending animal take a rope with a loop in one end of it or a truhk strap and pass it atound the body of the cow. Draw it tight, The cow usually will jump a little at first, belt when she finds she 'catniet get out of the rope she will stand—and cannot kick. If this Method' causes the cOw to give bloody milk, place the ,rope or strap behind the, Udfiel, and draw it up in the sante mantier. With some cows this cannot be ddne beeause of the shape of tlio udder. Another method is to hobble the cow by pessing the rope armuld each leg behind the udder, and tyiug euet above the hdcles. This is rather elarigerotnn, for the Man tying \the tope. After the preventive eneasefee has been repeato several theme the ednr will fitand rac1ily to be milked, . ' 'ouiiy be di Some day by an imitation a 1311.4 and possibly you will uof detect,thiS inlitation the tea-pot reveals it Demand always the genuine "Salada".in the sealed aluminum:packet, and see that you _g_ciliti, if you want that ',unique flayoth: 02, fresh, clan,leave$ properly prepared and paeked. MOTIIER-WIS jiOM To Teach Children Obedience Is to Be Able to Protect .Them. By Helen Johnson Keyes and John M.,Iteyes, M.D. Obedience is a necessary tool in the hands' of parents. Without it.. they can not preserve -their children against dangers because the children are toe) young to understand those dangers and save themselves. Obedi- ence should begin at birth when the baby fg taught to nurse at the hours appointed for him, to sleep when he is laid down without rocking and coax- ing and to endure washcloth and soap- suds. As he grows older and gains power to disobey it is necessary somethnes td punish him for doing so or for being slow in his obedience. It is almost as important, for the sake of safety, that a child should Obey quickly as that he should obey at all. Unless he comes quickly when he is called, the horse may run over him; unless he lets go of the knife at once when told to do so, he may be cut. Danger usually ap- proaches swiftly. There is nothing which develops the habit of disobedience more 'Surely than a mother's giving commands ‘vhich she sloes not insist on having carried out. That makes a child disobedient and desires stretch up toward grown- up ways while their powers and judg- ments remains young and unreliable. More than ever then, mothers must be careful not toesay "do" and "don't" more often than is necessary. They may even allow their children to run some risk of trifling hurts in order that they may learn by experience. These risks, however, should have `to do only with the child himself; when the happiness of the family or neigh- bors is in the balance, the child mest be centrolled by the wisdom of older,. heads. He must learn definitely that nobody can risk the well-being of oth- ers for the sake of pleasure for him- self. If the mother has always heldethe love, respect` and confidence Of her child, as he grows older he 'will con- tinue to yield to her without very fre- quent rebellion. She will reap what she sowed in the preceding years. If, on the other hand, ishe gave orders and did not insist on his obey- ing them, he will escaprher control when he is old enough to hold the rnuch faster than giving him no corn- 'Power to do so; if she filled his child- mands. I was very 'proud one day hood days with unnecessary "do's" and because of a conversation I overheard b'etween my small -daughter and a playmate. Said tny-little girl: "Can you tease youe' ellother into changing her mind after she has etbld yon you mustn't?" "Of course!" answered the little comrade, quite as a matter of course, to which my child replied with con- viction: - ' "Well, I can't." The necessity for insisting on the orders we give, makes it very import- ant that the orders should be -wise and just. How easy it is to be unwise and unjust, to say "don't" too often! A child annoys us by rubbing hie hands over the tables, chairs and snloyments. If they are not early papers, by rolling on the floor or lit- taught how to reason, to choose and tering the room „Ivith scraps of paper to decide, their development into, well' 'and we begin our impatient "den't's!' poised men and women inter - By doing they things he is in fered-with sadly. "reality educating; himself, sending We are justly proud that our coun, himself to school. try has no peasant class as Euriipe has By touch, the child under six years and that our farmers are as free as of age learns much about shapes, tex- our merchants. ,Let us not forget tures and nuMbers; and if the delicate this in the way we bring up our chile - power in the tips of his fingers is not •dren. We are training them for lives allowed to develop at this early age, of independence, not to be the servants by his seventh year it will lose its of employers. Country life needs lead - keenness. ers. 'Farm women will perform for By rolling -on the floor in his un- their country one of the greatest ser - mainly fashion he gives' himself his vices -which could be performed if they first miii military training! Physcal train- bring up their sons and daughters so . ing is now being made a part of public that they become leaders in'that larger ....school work and is the first grede in life which has dawned for the military preparation. Canadian farm. This will not be ac - by cutting paper—a great delight complished unless we teach them to to every little. child—he- teaches him- ,think, plan, invent, imagine; as well self skill ,-with his scissors and the as to obey. power to put his ideas into form; that Each child is a problem by himself, is, if he thinks Of a bird, he cuts out different from his brothers and sisters. something a little like a bird, which he One child may be too self-willed and calls a bird and with which he plairs. need much discipline in obedience; he These acts are the self -education of reay be a dreamer and need the train - children; let u; understand that and ing of many, hard, regular tasks. An - hold back our "don't's," even though other child -may obey too easily—for the play may' annoy us. this also is possible, may lack decision We mothers xnust learn, then, to in --,and the -wishp.nd power to assume re- sist on obedience whep we ask it but sponsiloility. This second child al - also we must learn to let the child though sweet and lovable, has far less alone much of the time. ' prOnaise in him .ehan his stubborn As our boys and girls grow be- brother. He must -he forced to de-" yond little childhood, they begin td cide for himself and released as far like control. They want to decide for as possible from strict government if e themselves what to do and how to do he„is to become a strong enough man it. This is jfist as it should be; if a to shape his life usefully. child were content to be ruled, he ! This brings us back tb our opening would not learn self-reliance. 1 statement, "Obedience is a necessary -The mother must have very good tool in the hands of parents." It is judgment about the manner in which a tOol, not an end.in itself. It is the she demands obedience as her child Power with which we protect our boys "don't's," he will have made up his -mind that there is no sense in her commands and that ,Lis advancement depends not On obeying them but on disobeying them. .. The period is short when we can protect oui:..children against hurts,and evils; soon they must defend them- s'elves. Froem the beginning, there- fore, we must have this idea in view. We must train the will power and the reasoning power of our boys 'and girls along with their habit of ebediefice. The -days should not be so full of rules and duties and tasks that no tine is left for children to make their own decisions and choose theirc"-'21 em - grows older. In the first place, she must realize that his desire for in- dependence is not naughty but just as natural and just as necessary as the lengthenine-of his legs. His growth causes the inconvenience of altering his clothes or ',buying new Ones but what mother would blatne him for growing tan? Neither must he be blamed for desiring independence even % though it makes thinge harder for us, for thatisthe growth of 'his character. After the age of about -ten, there- fore, childeen become more and more difficult to train because their wills add gills while we know more than they. But a time will come when they must learn to know more than we know—for life would be worthless if the neve generation did -not progress beyond the old one—and from' the be- ginning we must prepare" -them and ourselves for this change. If we do so strongly, lovingly, 6nerously, oue children, grown to, be young men and wegnen, will give us respect, gratitude and love, Which are as much Warmer and more „life-giving than obedience, as faith i'warmer and more life-giv-, ,ing than a body of laws. eep poorly fed will possess ,.ae harshefleece' Jacking in oil, ahd- fre- quently witha feeble or weak fibre. In marking sheep never use oil paint or tar, which are insoluble, and will not scour 4roxri the wool. Sheep must be dipped in some re- liable material nit least once a year, and tettea twice, in the fall before en- tering wintet quarters, and in the spring after shearing, When lambs develop a diarrhea it is„, an indication that the feeding opera- tions„ are at fault. A change of feed ie dangerous, and such change must be rrnade gradually and alaimals given etithe to adapt ..heniselves to the new conditions before crowding the feed with the hopes of making gains. Change of feed or overfeeding is dan- gerous -to all 1/4 of,„our domestic animals. Do not try to fire the engine too quick- ly. Tokio, evith 2,000,000 people, has 761 newspapers and magazines, beSides thity-eight news agencies. The city consumes $10,000,000 worth 6f fish annually. GOOD HEALTH, QUESTION 'BO By jcilin B,' Huber, 14.A., iden. 'Dr. Huber will answer, all pigned letters, pertaining to Health.It yout. /question is a general interest it will be answered through these colunans ;' I t not, it wilt be -answered Personally it stamped, addressed envelope, is en. ' closed. Dr. Huber -will not prescribe for individual cases,or make diagnosis. Address Dr. John B. Huber, care ot Wilson Publishing Co., 73 West Adelaide St., Toronto. Early to bed and early to rise--Inut you can't if you're a doctor. IMPETIGO IN A BABY. My baby of 9 months has blisters in thefeacxeuns'fim which a great deal of mattr Answer—This would' sewn to be impetigo, an inflammation that gen- erally settles around the mouth .and nose of infants andschool children Sometimes it is not, but generally it is, "catehieg." There are pea to finger nail sized, 'blistery eruptions that within a few days dry into straw- colored, flat and wafer like crusts. The child is likely to be peevish. when the crusts fall off, the surface beneath is red as if from a burn. There is no scarring, Poor and ill nourished chil- dren and those having digestive dis- turbances suffer most. The trouble is curable within a few days. The salve known to druggists ne Lasser _Paste should be constantly applied. The contagious variety may be carried froin one part of the body to another by scratching, As the disease is, however, not very itchy, children are not much tempted to use their finger nails. That makes the diffdlerice be- tween this trouble and eczema, which ie, always itchy. - QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. - Eye Strain. For about 6 years I have had ner- vous breakdown the result of eye strain.. "My eyes crossed butehave 'straightened thrOugh wearing glasses. If I cove e the affected eve and read with the other My head „pain ceases or lessens, At times there is movement in the eye which it seems to be impos- sible to control and of course this takes a lot of strength out of me; `makes me despondent and hinders my, ,getting better.' I have asked my doc- tor to takeout the affected eye but he will not. Do you think this is iritis? Aswer—Your doctor is right. The fault would seem to be not 'within the eye .itself but with one or more of the six muscles' by which the valious movements of the eyeball are controlled. By operation on' the mus, .cles ,at fault and by the right use of prisms. in spectacles this malady should be cured; and then your nor- vousnese will no doubt also become a thing of the past. Iritis is an inflam- mation of the irie, that doughnut shaped part of the eye which gives to the eye its color:----broWn or gray or iolet., The hole within this dough - /nut is the pupil of the eye, - Dry Mouth. , I am 86 years of age. For 3 or ,more years I have been a great suf- ferer (nights especially) from extreme dryness of the throat', tongue and month, caused by the inaction of the salivary glands. Answer—There may be some ca, tarrh of thepose and throat by which you are Compelled during sleep .to keep your mouth open. This your excel- lent physician would do much for, Have the kidney excretion examined, The cause may here be 'found—pos- sibly a mild form of eliabetes or kid- ney ailment. Dry month (Xerostomia) may also be due to nervousness or some strong einotione_ Sometimes, the fault lies in sill:Pita/Ices inhaled or tak- en with food; sometimes gas., on the stomach is a reason. Very frequently excessively 'dry air is inhaled, es- pecielly„when sleeping in a room heat- ed by hot air eadiators ethis cauee may be removed by placing -a -vessel of wa- ter upon the radiators. I must com- pliment you on the beautifully, written letter sent rne by a lady eighty-six years young. That is what 'Oliver 4, Wendell Holmes said of himself on his eightieth -biethday, that he was and felt "eight- years young:" INTERNATIONAL LESSON, ;NOVEMBER 4. Lesson -y.—Defeat Through Drunk- enness (World's Temperance Sunday) -1 Kings 20. 1-21 Golden Text, 1 Kings 20. 11. Verses 1,11. Benhadad proposed,. term e of surrender. Ahab wee ready to adept the first proposal (verses 2- 4), but the second was so humiliating (verses, 6) that the king; with the full endorsement of elders and people, rejected it (verses 7-9). Whereupon Benhadad threatened the complete destruction of the city, to which Ahab replied: "Let not him that girdeth on his armor, boast himself as he that putteth it off" (verses 10, 11). 12. At this point of the story the lesson text begins. The defiant mes- sage of Ahab -infuriated Benhadad, who -gave orders for an immediate at- tack upon the city. Drinking—Here, as in Verse 16, the implication is that the drinking incapacitated the king for ielligent action. In his drunk- en condition the king would be .more easily stirred up by the irritating words of Ahab. Kings --,,The „thirty- two vassal kings ' aiding Benihadad against Israel (see verses 1, 16); they were the chiefs of cities or small dis- tricts subject to Damascus. Pavilions 'etents;" probably . the group of tents, or, he camp. Set— A tecfinicalmilitary term, meaning, to prepare for an attack, either by the formation of storming parties er by the!„plaeing of battering engines (see margin), or both. 13-15. Measures of defense. Prdp- het—Like Isaiah, Jeremiah, and other later prophets, this unnamed mes- senger of Jehovah acts ag an adviser of royalty. It es worthy. of note that the prophet. Elijah; the outstanding figure during the reign o,f 'Ahab, doee not appear. Ahab—The son of OrenH,. .••••••••••••• and the most prominent member -of his dynasty; he -Wag. king' of rsrael from about B. C. 875 t, bout B. C. 853. It is not clear to what period -of his reign the event e here described belong. Jehovah -The deliverance will prbve that. Jehovah...is in truth the God of Israel; he is the saviour df his people now a.s lie has\ been in the past. Young men—The personal attendants, pjeked nien, of the dis- trict leaders, The districts are the divisions of the kingdoms referred to in 1 Kings 4. 7ff. Begin—That is, marshal the forces for the attack. 16-21e Defeat of the 'Aramaeans. Nocin—That is, during the 'intensely hot period of the day. In the Orient the middle of the day is a time of rest; henceanattack at that hour would be unexpected and, consequently, throw the enemy into confusion. Drinking —In their drunken stuper the leaders were he no condition to devise ade- quate plans to meet the attack. Ben- hadad—This name, meaning "Son of (the god) Hadad," is borne by three 'kings of 'Damascus pamed in the Old Testament (compare 1 Kings 15.' 18 and 2 Kings 13. 24). Since Hadacl was a popular deity, personal --..iames containing his name as an -element are not uncommon. Sent—The text should be_cleanged so as to read: "And they sent and told Benhadad." The initiative was taken, by the observers nestle/the city wall. Take them alive —The arrogant boast of a drunken rnan who could not understand -why he should not have- his own way. The thought expressed in verses 19-21 seems to be that the Aramaeans gave their attention to the small band of picked men who wentout of the city first. When the main armyappeared, the attackers were taken by surprise and utterly defeated. Syrians—Or, ".Aramaeans;" group of Semitic triber Which settled near the upper Euphrates as 'early as the middle of the second millennium B. C. The Old Testament is concernekshiefly with the western Aramaeans, who had.theie- political eenter in Damascus. The conflicts of the Israelites were chieflY with this western group. The modern name,' "Syrians" is derived frern "Syria," which has been the narrieof the\country for centuries and mine/1- niums. Hogs are the quickest and largest meat producers in the world. It is well .,to remember that the 'Youngest pork is the cheapest pork and that the fattest hogs are the most expensive. This is only another way of 'stating "tw9e facts that should ,be constantly kelt in mincrloy the feeder' of hogs, viz.: 1. The older the hog the more feed it takes to make a pound of gain. 2. The longer the feeding period the more feed it -rakes to make -n pound of gain. The above facts have been repeat- edly proven by experiment 'stations and by expert feeders; hence the farm- er should depend on young hogs for his market pork, The should he finish- ed as rapidly as possible and as soon as they will comehand a good price, rushed to the market. --- - It seldom pays to prolong -the feed- ing period far into the winter, Pork made at this4 time is cestly for three reasons,—the two stated above, and the third one that hogs cannot lay oti fat rapidly3p mold weather. This is because it takes so Much feed to keep tll`e animals warm. , It is usually the wisest plan to fat- ten hogs as rapidly as possible, and then dispose of them before winter sets in. Pork made in this wayhie the „cheapest pork anti' hence .returns the largest profits. , An English Joke. • The subject of theqesson was "The Cow," says the,London Opinion. To- ward the end the teacher was asking -the class about the uses to which,the parts of the dead animal were put, and it had been -established that. the flesh fwoar, ,seAbnotdttesnww,haaanstdodauie made. 0,t the ahkied e ,olfe a t ht he er - 'horns?" lie queried. 'At first all' were silent, and then one sharp little boy put up his Maid. "Well, my,134?" "Hornarnents, sir." n Acrobat in the Squad. ...Berg ant (drilling awkward squad) -L"Oompany! Attention company, lif1 up your left leg and hold it straight out in -front of you!" One of the squad held up his right leg by mistake. This t brought hig right-hand companion's left, leg his own right leg close together., Th4 -officer, seeing this, exclaimed,angrilyf "And who is( that blooining galooi over thele holding up both legs?" A jointed ice sitato is a iloys,Ity, th idea, being that it bends with ite wear, f s foot.