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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Exeter Advocate, 1917-8-16, Page 6Cone s<clea'4 - -111"20 . Terse -Caw' Moyers and daughters of all ages are'cordlally invited to write to:this department. Initiate only will be published with each question and its etnswer as a means of identificatIon,, but. full name and address must ba elven In each letter. Write on one side of paper only. Answers will be mailed direct If stamped and addressed envelope Is enclosed. 5 Address ail correspondence for this department to Mrs. Helen Law. 23 „Woodbine Ave., Toronto. E. h.:-1. A wrist -match with an it luminated face, a pocket flashlight, pocket drinking cup or a solidifie alcohol burner are useful gifts for man who has left fora military train tag camp, 2s To disinfect a Toonr. thoroughly proceed as follows; If,pos sible, 'nati:resees and comforts should be burned, `Wet everything else wel with a bichloride solution, bail and sui the blankets. Scrape the walls and ceiling, wash with bichloride, also the floor and woodwork, then scour witl carbolic soapsuds, Fill cracks with fresh putty, shut the doors and win dews tight and paste strips of papar around them. Closet doors should be taken off the hinges, but left inside. Place three bricks in the middle of the floor, put an iron pan on them, into which a pound of flowers of sulphur has been placed, wet the sulphur with alcohol, stick in a short length of fuse, light it, then go out quickly, being careful to see that the door is also made tight. Leave undisturbed for twenty-four hours. The fumes will bleach any colors in the room. Dishes may be disinfected by boiling for 5 minutes. H.R.:-1. Bureau drawers which stick can be made to slide easily by first rubbing over the edges with sandpaper, then soaping them. 2. A garment that has had an overdose of bluing may be whitened by boiling. 3. Brown sugar can be substituted for white in pickling. 4. Try benzine to remove the tar stains from your silk dress. 5. To make oatmeal gems, soak one cup oatmeal over night in one cup water. In the mcrning sift together one cup flour and two tea- spoonfuls baking powder; add a lit- tle salt. Mix meal and flour togeth- er, wet with sweet milk to a stiff bat- ter, drop in gem pans and bake im- mediately. 6. It is said that before eating is a good time to sleep, but not immediately afaftera meal. 7. Yes, raw tomatoes are good for almost' everybody w10 does not have ulcer of the stomach so that the use of the tomatoes gives him pain. If they do not cause pain one need not be afraid to eat them. 8. The diet of a child of two years should consist of fruits, grains, a moderate allowance of pure cream and cow's milk and vegetable purees. Purees of spinach and other "greens" are particularly good. Eva: -1. It is said that freckles can be bleached out by applying the follow- ing mixture to the face, being care- ful to keep it away from tie eyes: Two ounces of buttermilk or sour milk, two drams grated horseradish, six drams cornmeal. Spread the mixture between thin muslin and allow it to lie on the face at night. 2. The follow- ing method of cleaning black satin is given by some authorities: Boil three pounds of potatoes to a pulp in one quart of water, strain through a sieve and brush the satin with it on a board or table. The material must not be i - Wrung, but folded down in cloths for a three hours, then pressed on the wrong d side. a Reader: -1. Bavaria is the largest - state in the, German Empire after Prussia. 2 "Simi Fein" is. Gaelic. - for "For Ourselves". 3. Inflamed eye lids should be bathed several times a 1 day with a solution of half a teaspoon - 1 ful of boracic acid in a cup of hot wa- ter. 4. To test nutmegs, prick them with a needle; if they are good, the 1 oil will spread around the puncture. 5. "Neither he nor I were there" - should be "neither he nor ,I was there." 6. The 400th anniversary of the Re- ' formation will be celebrated October 31. Cook: -Perhaps the following notes may be of assistance; Salads and vegetables neutralize usual tendency of the body toward acidity, facilitate the elimination of waste products and poisons, and thus incidentally post- pone the coming of old age. Salads cool and purify blood and freshen complexion, give jaws and teeth ex- ercise necessary to development with- out which latter decay, facilitate digestion by encouraging mastication, promote oral hygiene by leaving mouth and teeth physiologically clean at end of meal, counteract tendency to anaemia, scurvy, gout, rheumatism, are rich in line, so necessary to bone building; also valuable`iaxative. Green vegetables are particularly valuable in cases of anaemia and of other dis- eases which are ascribed to diet de- ficiencies. Vegetables are deteriorated by the loss of their salts in boiling water. Not only do potatoes lose much when peeled, but carrots, as usually cooked, lose nearly 30 per cent. of their total food material when eu't into small pieces. Cabbage thus treated loses about one-third of its total food ma- terials, especially its ash or mineral matter. On the average 30 per cent. of the total salts is extracted when vegetables are boiled in water for thirty minutes. When, on the con- trary, they are steamed they lose only 10 per cent. Ilence vegetables should be either steamed or stewed in a casserole or covered earthenware vessel, so popular in France. If boil- ed the water should be saved for soup or sauces. Beetroots, carrots and parsnips con- tain a large amount of sugar, and when served at a meal there is less of a desire for excessively sweet des- serts. Cabbage, as usually cooked, is not digested for some five hours, but eaten uncooked in salad it takes less. than three. Salads, like vegetables and fruits, have little body-building and tissue re- pairing material, hence require to be supplemented by foods rich in these. and in fat, such as eggs, meat, cheese (grated by choice or the cottage varie- ty) and nuts. Cheaper Poultry Feed. Onaccount of the scarcity and high price of feed the poultry industry of this country is threatened by the prospect of the :wholesale slaughter of laying stock and a serious falling off in the number of pullets to be ma- tured. The necessity for retaining for mill- ing every possible bushel of wheat suitable for that purpose need not be emphasized. To provide poultrymen with feed for rearing their young stock without unnecessarily lowering the supplies of milling wheat, the federal Department of Agriculture has requested millers throughout Canada to put an the market the cracked and shrunken wheat removed from grain before it is milled In addition to small and broken wheat these cleanings consist chiefly, of the seeds of wild buckwheat, a near relative of the cultivated buckwheat. The Poultry Division of the Central Experimental Farm has used wild buckwheat in feeding experiments and reports it to be a highly satisfactory poultry feed and has ordered two cars of buckwheat screenings for the Cen- tral and Branch Experimental. Farms from the Canadian Government eleva- tors at Fort William. Fowls used to good grain do not take to it at first but when they become accustomed to it they eat it readily and do well on it. The mill cleanings from local flour mills also contain traces of many other weed seeds, including several kinds of mustards. These, however, would not as a rule amount to more than two or three per cent. of the cleanings in the case of the standard grades of Western wheat. This ma- terial is specially recommended for backyard, suburban and professional poultrymen. On farms the cleanings from yards and poultry houses where it has been fed would have to be dis- posed of so as not to disseminate noxi- ous weeds in grain fields. Those interested in obtaining this class of feed should immediately ar- range with local mills or feed dealers for a supply. The mills cannot be expected to keep this material for poul- try unless it is demanded for that purpose and that rests with the poul- trymen themselves:' INTERNATIONAL LESSON, AUGUST 19. Lesson VIII. Finding The Book of` The Law -2 Chron, 34. 14-33. Golden Text.•-Psa. 119. 16. Verses 1.4-18. Finding of the law in the course of the repairs described in e precedingverses. look of the law ,--Deuteronomy, though in somewhat riefer form than we now have it. ost ar seho 1 s believe that it a contain- ed what is now Deut.'l to 25, or 12 to 26, plus chapter 28. (For a fuller $lacus cion, see F. Cl. Eiselen, Tho Books of the Pentateuch, Chapter XII.) 19. Rent his clothes -A symbolof griefgor: horror. Verse 21 shows that thebook' contie dined t' .a his o terrible punishment for disobedience, 'Which made a profound impression on the king. Such threats are found in Dent. 28. 20-28. Full of fear and terror, the king makes inquiry of Jehovah through the prophetess Huldah. She reports that the book contains the law of Jehov'ch, and that the people must suffer the consequences of their sins. She promises, however, that the calamities will not fall during the lifetime of Josiah. 29-32. The assembly and the cov- enant. On receipt of the . reply of the prophetess the king called a re- ligious assembly. Elders -The lead- ing men, heads of families and clad. Levites-According to the Chronicler, no important function could be held without Levites. Covenant -The basis was the newly found book, hence it is called the book of the cove- pant. The agreement included the promise to observe the law, Before Jehovah-Everythinth>was done as in se iht gg g, of Joh ovate Stand to A- te o willing to observe the law.. 33. Abominations -The things de- scribed in verses 3.7. Israel -Josiah osrah extended the reforms to the territory which had formerl be ion ed y to Israel. ga1 His days -The Chronicler knew that after Josiah's death, under Jehoiakim the old abuses returned. ' recommended for summer feeding. Thz•ce liurid eel pounds wheat bren, two hundred pounds gluten feed, one hun- dredSteers which ha�'e been kept en roitt ound.. Mixed�whpat� feedlzna or low plane of nutrition (maintenance) y fora considerable time make more; be used in place of wheat bran: More economical gales when .put inion a birratio lutenrrght henEl1 be dded to are tri eeuily full -feed ration than steers which have iu,atched, been upon full feed for some time. Howe ser, steers receiving more than a maintenance but less than a full -feed ration make no more economical gains when put upon full feed than steers. which have already been on full feed Earning !Money' .at home. Very often a girl who has been wishing for some way in which to Whenever beef advances in price earn a little money suddenly finds a a demand goes out for' action that goo( c ea c ose a an n comely drs- will stop the slaughter of young ani- gorse; Not long ago one girl moult` mals. Since the reason always given for high-priced meats is the decreas- ing number of beef animals, it would seem the wise thing to bring more beeves to 'maturity. Ancl so legisla- tures and congress debate the advis- ability of prohibiting the killing of calves under a given' age. Would such action bring the desired results? Would the passing of veal from our tables make meat any - cheaper? Would an order to the farmer to mature his calves stimu- late him to raise beef or would it re- sult in his selling off his dairy. ♦ or feeding fewer animals than ever? In all probability the latter is ex- actly what would happen. The milk business and raising calves are in- compatible. The milk that calves' use is also needed by milk consumers, many of whom are babies. And so the calves must go. There is an- other reason why the farmer knows better what to do with his young animals than the public, or even the legislator.• It takes pasture and feed to ma- ture beef, Every successful dairy- man is using all his land to feed his cows. If he were compelled to feed calves he could keep fewer cows and beef would be grown at the cost of a scarcity in milk. More calves should be grown to maturity. There is no doubt of that. But legislation prohibiting the killing of young animals is not the way to increase the supply of, beef animals. During the summer while cows axe in pasture or on green crops a bal- When boiling fish remove all scum anced ration can be maintained by quickly as it rises to the top of, the combining with the green food the water as it deadens the flavor of the following concentrated feed mixture fish if allowed to remain in the.pan. ed, in wandering about the home farm that a large amount of the fruit on the trees was dead ripe and about too g to waste. She went to her father With a question: "May. I have one box of berries out of every four that I pick, and one basket of plums, one of peaches and one of apples, on the same basis?" He was skeptical but also a little re- lieved, for the prospective loss of the small fruit was worrying him, "Go ahead and see what you can do," was his reply. What the girl did was to get. down to business at once. She gathered and serted diligently, with a ,well-de- fined scheme in view for . every pound of her own share. The fruit that fell to her lot she put up in the form of jelly, apple buttery and peach and plum marmalade, which found a ready market. The project is still flourish- ing. She buys her jars and glasses at wholesale prices, and makes a point of getting such as are of odd, attrac- tive shapes. On each one she pastes a label bearing her name and guaran tee. She has never yet had anything returned as inferior or spoiled -a fact that, taken in connection with her suc- cess, is quite significant. By picking the fruit at just the right time and handling it carefully, she has greatly increased her father's sales, while her own income from the business is forty dollars a month, earned, for the most part, out in the sunshine and open-air. KEEP THE POTATOES GROWING Notes on the Cultivation of This Valuable Crop and How to Protect It From Its Enemies. Many are growing potatoes i Canada this year, for the first tin: and, as a result of the greatly increas= ed number of growers the crop will probably be greatly increased. But to insure a good crop there must be an abundance of moisture in the soil and the tops must be protected from in- sects and disease. CULTIVATION: -The soil.'should be kept cultivated with the cultivator or hoe until the tops meet sufficiently to shade the ground. As most of the tubers develop in the three or four inches of soil nearest the surface, and as the tubers will not develop well in dry soil, quite shallow cultivation is desirable at this season of the year. In soil which is dry there may be good development of tops but there will be few tubers. The roots in such cases. have gone down deep into the soil to obtain moisture but the tuber -bearing stems, which are quite different from the root system, do not develop well. Where the soilis a loose, sandy loam, hilling is not necessary and may be injurious, as the soil dries out more than if left on the level. In heavy soils it is desirable to hill the pota- toes as it will loosen the soil and the tubers will be shapelier than when the ground is left level. When there is sufficient rainfall and moisture in the soil hilling is likely to give best re- sults in all kinds of soil as the soil will be looser and the tubers can push through it readily. As a great de- velopment of tubers takes place dur- ing the cooler and usually moister weather of the latter part of summer, it is very important to keep the plants growing well until then. In ane ex- periment it was shownthat during the month of September there was an in- crease of 119 bushels of potatoes per acre. PROTECTION OF POTATO TOPS FROM INSECTS: -It is very import- ant td prevent the tops of potatoes from being eaten by insects, particu- larly by the. Colorado Potato Beetle. The old "bugs" do not do much harm to the foliage, as a rule, and usually the plants are not'sprayed to destroy these, although the fewer there are to lay eggs the less difficulty there will. be , in destroying the young ones. These begin to eat rapidly soon after hatching, and close watch should be kept so that the vines may be spray- ed before much harm is done. Paris green kills more rapidly than arsenate of lead but does not adhere so well, and in rainy weather it is desirable suable: to have something that will stay on the leaves so ,that they will be protected until it stops raining and thus prevent the tops being eaten. At the Central Experimental Farm a mixture of Paris green and arsenate of lead is used in the proportion of 8 ounces' Paris arts green, 1% pounds paste arsenate of lead (or 12 ounces' dry arsenate of lead) to 40 gallons of water in order to get -the advantage of both poisons. It may be that it is not convenient .._. to get both poisons When either 12 ounces of Paris green or 3 pounds paste areenate of lead (or 1%z pounds '',ry ' of lead) to. 40allon ' t' s water could he used or in smaller uan: `' q titles, say 1 ounce Paris green to 3 galkcns nor 3% ounces paste arsenate of lead e o. half that quantity of dry to 3 gal- lons of water. An experiment con- ducted for six years at the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, ,showed. that,- on the average, where the tops were sprayed to kill "bugs", the yield was 186.9 bushels per acre, while when the tops were not sprayed and allowed to be eaten, the yield was only 98.2 bushels per acre. It is desirable not to stopwith one spray- ing which usually does not kill all the bugs but to spray several times, if. necessary, so that as little foliage as possible is eaten. PROTECTION OF THE POTATO PLANTS FROM LATE BLIGHT AND ROT: -In some years the crop of potatoes is much lessened by the Late Blight disease and when rot fol- lows little of the crop may be left. It therefore, very desirable to pre- vent this disease from spreading. This is done by keeping theplants covered with Bordeaux mixture from about the first week of July, or before there is any sign of the disease, .until September. Sometimes the first ap- plication of Bordeaux mixture is made before the potato beetles are all killed when the poison for them may be mix.• ed with the Bordeaux. While the dis- ease is not very bad every year it is well to be prepared. There was an average increase per year of 94. bushels of potatoes from spraying with Bordeaux `mixture in three years. The formula for Bordeaux mixture for potatoes is 6' pounds copper sul- phate or bluestone, 4 pounds freshly slaked lime to 40, gallons of water. While the bluestone will dissolve more quickly in hot water; if it is not con- venient to get this, it may be sus- pended over night in a cotton bag in a wooden or earthen vessel' containing four or five or more gallons of water. The lime•should be slacked in another vessel and before mixing with the cop- per sulphate solution should be strain- ed through coarse sacking or a fine sieve. The copper sulphateution is now put into a barrel, if it has noir already been dissolved in one, and en- ough water added to half fill the bar ,rel; the slaked lime should be diluted in another barrel with enough water to make half a barrel of the lime mix- ture. Now pour the diluted lime mixture into the diluted copper sul- phate solution and stir thoroughly, when it is ready for use. The con- centrated lime on=centratedlime mixture should not be mixed with the concentrated copper sulphate solution, as, if this, is done, an inferior mixture will result. If the barrels are kept covered -so that there is no evaporation, stock soils - tions of the concentrated. materials may be kept in separate . barrels throughout• the season. It• is import- ant to have the quantities of lime and copper sulphate as recommended, but, in order to be surethat: enough lime has been used and- there is no danger of burning the foliage, let a drop of ferrocyanide of potassium solution (which can, be obtained from a ;drug- gist) fall into the mixture when ready. If rile latter turns reddish-broevn, add more lime mixture until no chango of color takes place. "v 1 arm .,� .,L;�ti v� .1'�'p`SI ht•'A' l;t r''.n''�r �i: �, x, i ' ria� �' 3 ' G , � .•:.,,.�:-.a�'•�� ,z . ,i' .. � • '^gyp' try,,y,�, ��� ..•tzs` ..,: �.,,. f�AwY,�il��1�:;�gL.,.:fiY-...} a, v....da-'=..^��_.....�. �.,,�. �: ,:a1°_•�,6•�•.w,!h,'4�:.L Conducted by Professor IIenry G. Dell. • The object of this department Is to place at the service of our farm readers the advice of an acknowl• edged authority on all subjects pertaining to soils and craps. Address all questions to Professor Henry G. Bell, In care of The Wilson Publishing Company, Limited, To ronto, and answers will appear In this column in the order In which they are received. As space Is 'limited It Is advisable where Immediate reply Is necessary that a stamped and addressed envelope be enclosed with the question, when the answer will be mailed direct. IIenry G. Bell. Question-II.S.S.:-Can I sow scid phosphate with a force feed grain drill? It has no fertilizer attachment but I thought possibly it might work. Answer: -You can sow acid' phos- phate with a force feed seed drill if the acid phosphate is dry and finely ground. Such a method of applica- tion would not ;,flow you to sow but a very light application. Be very care- ful to thoroughly clean out and oil the drill after use for acid phosphate sow- ing, otherwise, the metal part'will rust. If you have a lime spreader I would advise your spreading the acid phosphate with this implement and then thoroughly work it into the soil by disking and harrowing. This will give a better application than apply- ing acid phosphate through the seed- ing` attachment of the seed drill. Question-J.B.S.:-I have eighteen acres of oats. I intend to sow wheat after oats. is The field is somewhat run. I have plenty of marl near the river. Would it pay me to top -dress' the wheat with marl? If so, how much to the acre? Would it be all right to spread with a shovel? Soil isn't heavy nor light Answer: -Would advise you, after the'ancl is plowed, to top -dress it with marl atthe rate of about two tons to the acre. If you leave a lime spread- er and the niai•1 is dry, .after it has been pulverized it can be spread with the lime spreader to best advantage. You can spread it fairly weal with a shovel but you will not get it suffici- ently evenly distributed. After the lime has been spread work it into the ground by thoroughly disking at least a week' before the .wheat is planted. At the time of sowing wheat'- 1 would advise adding 200 to 800 pounds of fertilizer to the acre in order to give the young crop a vigorous start. The fertilizer should contain from 2 to 3 per cent. ammonia, 8 to 12 per cent, phosphoric acid and from 1 to.,2 per cent. potash would be valuable cif it can be obtained. This fertilizer) can be applied at the time the wheat is sown or spread in the same way as is advised foi`lime and worked into the soil thoroughly -just before the wheat is sown. If the grain is seeded to a mixture of -clover and grass seed the addition of the marl will make the soil sweet in reaction and the fertilizer will have a very beneficial effect in insuring a good stand of grass. Market Calendar. In August all surplus Leghorn cockerels and cockerels of other light weight breeds should be marketed as broilers. They are of little value as roasters. Green ducks are young ducks from 8 to 12 weeks old. They should be sold before they moult. Ducks on the Farm. The keeping` of, ducks calls for little outlay in the matter of building houses. Any kind of a house, so it has a good roof, and dry floor, will do. A plain shed with dirt floor, and hav- ingthe south side entirely open makes an excellent duck -house. The floor of the duck -house must be kept dry and should be well littered with clean, dry straw. Strange as it may seem, while ducks will thrive if they have access to a stream of water or pond, they must have dry quarters at night. Ducks compelled to spend their nights ' on damp floors or on damp ; litter, will surely contract rheu- matism. Ducks are conveniently kept in flocks of about thirty. A house fifteen by ten feet is large enough for this number. When kept in flocks of thirty or more one male should be al- loted to each seven or eight females. It is never advisable to keep ducks and chickens in the same house or run, for the reason that the ducks will keep the drinking water in such a constant state of filth that the health and life of the chickens are endangered. Ducks require a much more bulky ration than hens. A good ration is as follows : Two parts bran, one part each of middlings and corn meal, one-half part of beef scrap and five parts of green food. This green food may be most anything -chopped turnips, beets, pumpkins, cut clover, etc. As the breeding sea- son approaches it would be advisable. to increase the beef scrap to one full part. Little whole grain should be fed. If on range during the spring and summer months ducksrequire lit- tle feeding. Any of the larger breeds of ducks will yield quite a great deal in the way of feathers in a year's time, Feathers should not be plucked dur- ing the cold weather. When ready for picking, the feathers . will pull easily, without leaving blood on the end of the quill. _If not picked when "ripe" the feathers will fall out and be wasted. The Vain Crow. One day a fox that'. was very hungry was passing through a field. He saw a crow on the limb of a tree busily eating a piece of cheese, and at once trotted to the tree and sat down be- neath it. "Mr. Crow," said the fox in harsh and unfriendly tones, "you must share your cheese with me." ,The crow looked down at the fox, but answerednota word' as he took a peck at the piece of cheese. "Mr. Crow," said the fox, in a voice that was still- more harsh and un- friendly, "if .you do not give me part of your cheese, I shall climb the tree and take it all away from you." The crow looked down at the fox, but answered not word. He knew very well that the fox could not climb the treeand so he took another peck at the piece of cheese. The fox, finding that he could not get the cheese by threats, bethought himself of using the craft for which the fax family is famous. He re- membered how a fox once got`a, piece of cheese from a•crow by teIlint; the crow what a sweet voice shelled and then begging her to sing. That crow was holding the cheese in her bill, and when she opened her bill to sing she dropped thecheese to the ground, whereupon the fox seized it and ran away. Since that time ,all crows have carried their food in their claws and not in their bilis. Therefore, the fox knew• well that it would do no good to beg the czoa to sing. Ilow, then, could he get that cheese? He thought hard and looked hungrily up into the tree. "Dear Mr: Craw,". said the fox at last, "Y' was only joking when S spoke before, for I am ;your best friend, Only yesterday I was telling both the wood- pecker and . the blue jay how much more beautiful your plumage is than theirs." The crow answered not a word, but looked down at his glossy blank sides with great pride. Then he held his head a little higher and' forgot to take a peck at the piece of cheese. "And to -day I was telling both the kingfisher and the hawk how much .sharper and more graceful your claws are than theirs," went on the fox in very pleasant tones. The crow answered not a word, but lifted first one claw and then the other from the limb of the tree and looked at each with great pride. But when he lifted the claw that did not have the cheese and tried to cling to the limb with the claw that did have the cheese, he dropped the cheese to the ground. Whereupon the fox laughed loudly, seized the cheese and ran away to -the woods, where he ate every mor- sel of it. And the crow cried "Caw! Caw!" in very angry' tones, and flew off to find a dinner to replace the one that he had so foolishly lost. The moral is that, if a vain person is on guard at one point of attack, there are always other points of at- tack that are not guarded, and a craf- ty flatterer will have little trouble in finding a way to reach them. Electric Plants For The Farm. One of the recognized necessities in connection with our increased agricul- tural production is better and more attractive conditions on the farm, and among the many suggestions the use of electricity should be considered. Electric power is a great convenience in the farm home, and saves much time to the farm help. The farm or country home situated within the area of an electric system of transmission or distribution is fortunate, but the vast majority :trust look to the small isolated plant, This alternative, how- ever, is now much more promising than a few years ago. Many factor- ies manufacture this type of equip- ment, the operation of the plants has been simplified and cost has been much reduced. These small plants may advantageously used for many domestic purposes in addition to light- ing, such as ironing, washing, toast. ing, pumping water, etc.; and also :for the 'very important use of charging storage batteries. Because of 'the shortage of sugar anti the uncertain length of the wart mere:isccl honey production has been suggested as an emergency -measure. Potatoes should be kept free from weeds. Weeds absorb the moisture and plant food needed by thespotatoei to male a good yield Potatoes a1 present prices are very remunerative,