HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Exeter Advocate, 1917-8-2, Page 7ISE TAX RILE";�...
R MINISTER F FINANCE
-Canada's Wealth to Contribute Full Share in Prosecution of the
War.
A despatch from Ottawa says: -The
wealth of Canada will be made to con-.
tribute its f1311 share toward the cost
of tZ calleY in • on the war, In the Com-
mons Sir- Thomas White introduced his
income tax proposals and the extent of
the toll to be taken of the incomes of
the rich met with decided approval
from both sides of the House. The
Finance Minister proposes to exempt
the incomes of single men and
widowers without` children up to
$2,000, and all other persons up to
$3,000: `-'.:,
Income Tax and How, it Works Out.
Four per cent. upon incomes exceed-
ing`$2,000per Annum in the case of
unmarried men or widowers without
children.
The same tax on incomes exceeding
$3,000 in the case of other persons.
In addition the following super -tax
is to be imposed:
Where income exceeds $6,000 and
does not exceed $10,000, 2 per cent.
Where income exceeds $10,000 and
does not exceed 20,000, 5 per cent.
Where income exceeds $20,000 and
does not exceed $30,000, 8 per `cent.
Where income .exceeds $30,000 and
does not exceed $50,000, 10 per cent.
Where "income exceeds $50,000 and
does net exceed $100,000, 15 per cent.
Where ,income exceeds $100r 000, 25
,
per cent.
A tax of 4 per 'cent. on incomes, ex -
needing $3,000 in the case of corpora-
tions or joint stock companies.
The plan will work out as follows:
Income. ,. Uumarried. Married,
$ 4,000' $ 80 $ 40
5,000 120 80,
7,000 220 180•
10,000 400 360
12,000 550 540
15,000 850 810
20,0007,300 1,260
30,000 2,500 2,460
50,000 5,300\ 5,260.
75,000 10,050 10,010
100,000 14,800 ' 1,4,760
"150,000
29,300 29,260
200,000. 43,800 =. 43,760
WAR COSTS CANADA
$850,000 A DAY
Statement Showing Financial
Burden Assumed by the
- Dominion.
A despatch from Ottawa says:—
Canada's war expenditure both in the
Dominion and overseas now amounts
to over $850,000 a day, This state-
ment of the extent of the tremendous
financial burden the nation is assum-
ing,, in carrying on her part in the
great struggle, was given in the Com-
mons by 'Sir Thomas White. The
Finance Minister gave the figures to
the House in explaniing the necessity
for the new income taxation. From
the. beginning of April to July 20th
war expenditure in Canadaamounted,
to $39,700,000, and estimated expendi-
ture elsewhere, including France, dur-
ing the same period, was $52,600;000,
or a total of $92,600,000. Taking that
total as a rough basis Sir Thomas
estimated the daily war outlay now at
$850,000 to $900,000.
CANADA. OBTAINS
$100,000,000 LOAN
A despatch from New York says:—
J. P:xg & o an Company: announced
M
that arrangements had been perfected
° for the flotation of a $100,000,000 loan
of the Government of the Dominion of
Canada, which will be offered to the.
American public upon a basis to yield
approximately 6 per cent. The loan
will be.unsecured, and it will run for
two years. The loan to Canada will
be the first foreign, Government trans-
action that has been undertaken since
America's entrance into the European
war.
FRENCH AND ITALIAN
SHIP LOSSES LIGHT
A despatch from Paris says: -Dur-
ing the week ending midnight July 22
not a single French vessel either over
or under 1,600 tons was lost, according.
to the official statement. Six French
merchantmen were attacked unsuc-
cessfully ";during that time by, sub-.
. marines. Ships of all nationalities,
-. numbering 1,063, entered port' and 937
departed:
A despatchsays:—Two
from Rome sa s: -Two.
Italian steamers were sunk and one,
small sailing vessel was damaged dur-
ing the,week"ending midnight July 22,
says an official announcement Five
hundred and ninety-three vessels, with
a gross tonnage of 389,815, arrived,
and 550 of a tonnage of 403,450`;left
port.
LOANS BY BRITAIN
TO ITER WAR ALLIES
A<, despatch from London says:—
Bonar Law has made a stateinent in
the House of Commons in regard to
loans to the allies and 'the dominions.
The total.- advances F to the allies are
£1,025,000,000 in addition to £146,000,-
000 loaned to the 'dominions, the total
being £1,171,000,000. ,
RUSS TRAITORS
R
PUT TO
Capital Punishment to be Meted
Out to Seditious Troops.
A despatch from London says: The
Russian Government's policy of
"Blood and Iron" is to be carried out
along lines which bodes i11 for the se-
ditious troops along the Eastern front
and those persons within the country
who are trying : to nullify the good
work that has followed in the wake of
,the revolution.
Capital punishment; abolished with
the advent of the new Government,
again. has been put into force on the
demand of the military commanders
at the. front, who will now be able to
assemble field courts-martial and put
to death summarily traitors in the
army. Gen , Korniloff, commander of
the forces. in Galicia, whose disaffec-
tion and ' desertions have wrought
havoc, in*4Yie Russian morale, was the
most insistent of the military chiefs in
calling for a free hand to check the
refractory troops, declaring that the
death penalty was the only means of
'saving the army.
FRENCH CAPTURE
ENEMY TRENCHES
German Losses Are Very Heavy.
in Aisne Region.
London, July 26.—Again the Ger-
mans have made a vicious thrust at
the French line in the Aisne region
of France, and again they have paid
dearly in men killed or wounded for
a slight gain. The attack was de-
livered over a front of, two miles, from
Hurtebise to La Rovelle, but only to
the south of Ailles was the Crown
Prince's army able to penetrate
French first-line trenches. In'
Champagne the French have captured
German trenches.
PLACE NEW BR1DGE;.SPAN
ON SEPTEMBER -12TIi
A despatch from om Qu ebeo says:—The
centre span of the Quebec' bridge will �
be put 'in place on the morning of
September 12, The event was planned
to take place quietly; without wit-"
nesses, but an engineer of the com-
n isslon is . supposed to have told the
secret to -a newspaper man this morn -
SUBMARINE TOLL
.,WAS'24 VESSELS
A despatch from London says:—
Twenty-one British vessels of more
than 1,600 tons each, and three of less
than 1,600 tons each; were sunk last,
week by mines or submarines, accord-
ing: tothe weekly Admiralty report on
shipping losses. ' One fishing vessel
was,also lost.
VN
Markets o the World
tosaetuieay..
Tnrentc, J'uiy 31 --*Manitoba wheat—
No, 1 Northern, $e.341; No 2 Northern,,
nominal store Port William.
Manitoba oats --No. 'r C. w„ 844, track
lip v ports,
American corn --No, 3 yellow;, nominal,.
track Toro1At0.
Ontario oats—No official' tluotatttons,
Ontwrio;wheat—No, 2 11"hirci, per oar
lot, $2,05 No., 3, $2,52, nominal, accord-
ing to freights outside,
Peas ---No. 2, nominal, according to
freights s outside.
l Grley--4i'altltzg, nominal, accoraing
to fr itts ude.
Rye-pi'-No,o2,tinominal, according; to
freights outside.
Manitoba flour—First patents, yn jute
bags, 312,50; second patents, in jute
bags, 312,40; strong bakers'. 1n jute
bags, 312,00
On tart() flour—S\rinter, according to
sample, 310.75 to 310.85,1n bags. track,_
Toronto, prompt shipment,
Ivlillfeed—Car lots, delivered Montreal
freights, 'bags included , --Bran. per ton,
325; shorts, per ton, 343.;, middlings, per
ton, 344 to 345; good feed flour, per bag,
$3.25.
Ifay—lDxtra No. 2, per ton, $11.50 to
312,00; mixed, per ton, 39 to 310, track
Toronto.
Straw—Car lots, per ton, $8.00 to 38:50.
track Toronto.
Coiihtsy Produce—Wholesale
Butter—Creamery, solids, per lb., 348
to 35c; prints, per lb.; 35 to 353c; dairy
per lb„ 29 to 36c.
Eggs—Per doz 35 to 36c.
'Wholesalers are selling to the retail
trade at the following prices : -
Cheese --New, large, 224 to 230; twins,
221 to 234e; triplets, 23 to 233c; old,
large, 30c; twins 8930; triplets, 3040;
Butter—Fresh dairy; choice, 34 to 35c;
creamery prints, 38 to 39c; solids, : 37.2
to 38c,
Eggs -New -laid, in cartons, 43 to 44c;
out of :cartons, 40c.
Dressed poultry—Spring chickens,
30c; fowl, 20c; squabs, -„per doz., $4,00
to 34.50; turkeys, 25 'to 30c; ducks,
Spring, 20c.
Live poultry—Spring chickens, Ib.,
22e; hens, 16 to 18c; ducks, Spring, 15c.
Honey—Comb—Extra fine and . heavy
weight, per doz., $2.75; select, 32.50 to
32.75; No. 2, 32 to $2.25:
Beans—Imported, hand-picked, $9.00
to 39,50 per bush.;' Limas, per ib., 18 to
19c.
Potatoes. on track—Red. Star, new,
bbl., 35.50 to $5.75; North Carolinas,
new, bbl., $6.50 to $7.00v seconds, bbl„
35.50.
Provision's—Wholesale
Smoked meats—Hams, medium, 30 to
31c; do., heavy, 26 to 27c; cooked, 41 to
42c; rolls, 27 to 28c; breakfast bacon,
33 to 36c; backs, plant, 36 to 37c; .bone-
1ess, 39 to 40c.
Cured meats—Long clear bacon, 26 to
269c per ib.; clear bellies, 25 to 26c.
Lard—Pure lard, tierces, 26$ to 27c:
tubs, 27 to 271e; pails, 273 to 273c;
compound, tierces, 21c; tubs, o2130;
pails, 2110.
Montreal Markets
Montreal, July 31—Oats—Canadian
Western, No. 2, 84e;, do., no. 3, 'r83c;
extra No. 1 feed, 83c, ]3arley: M'an.
feed, 31.26. Flour Man. spring wheat
patents, --firsts, 313; seconds, $12 50 to
312,60; strong bakers', $12o $12.40;
winter patents, choice, 312.50 to 513.00;
straights rollers, 312 to 312.80; do.. bags,
36to 36.15. Rolled oats—Barre s. $9.00
to 39.35 bags,' 90 lbs,; $4.40 to $4.50.
Bion, $35 to 336,• Shorts, $40 to $41.
Middlings, $43 to $50. Mouill]e, $60.
Hay—No. 2, per ton, car lots, 311.00 to
511.50. Cheese—Finest 'Westerns, 213c;
finest Nasterns, 218e. - Butter—Choicest.
creamery, 379 to 353c; seconds, 363 to
378c. 13:ggs Fresh, 48c; selected, 44c;
No. 1 stock, 40c; No. 2 stock, 36 to 38c.
Potatoes—Barrel, 34 to 56.
Winnipeg Grain
Winnipeg, July 31 -Cash prices:-
Wheat—No. 1 Northern, $2.34; No. 2,
do., 32.31; No. 3, do., 52.26 No. 4, 52.14;
No 5,3.1.89 No. 6, 31.59 feed, 51.50.
Bads contract—July, ,$.,2
.34; feed,
52.29. Oats—No. 2 C.W., 78c; No. 3, do.,
77c; No. 1 ex ra feed, 77c; No. 1 feed,
75c; No. 2, do., 713c; Barley—No. 3,
31.25; No. 4, 31;20; rejected, 31,10; feed,
$1.10. Flax—No. 1 $2,954; - No.
2 C. '35r„ 32.919; No. 3, do., $2.779.
'United States Markets
Minneapolis, July 31—Wheat—July,
closed $2.68; September, $2.17. Cash—
No, 1 bard,.,$2.93; No: 1 Northern, $2.85
to $2.93; No. 2, do., 32.80 to $2.87. Corn
3 yellow, $2.18 to 32.20. Oats—
No, 3 white, 75$ to 76.3c. Flout—iin-
changed. Bran -$31 to $33.
Dulu%,.,
th, July 31-Wheat—No-:.1 hard,
$2.81; No1' Northern, $'2'.80; No: 2, do.,
$2.76. Linseed—$3.37;• July, $3.17;
September, $3.19; :October; $$3.17.
Live Stock Markets
Toronto, July 31—Choice heavy. steers,
$10,25 to. $10,76; butchers' cattle, choice,
$9.75 to $10.25; 50., good. $9.25 to $9.60;
do., medium,
to $7 $8,25 .25; td b$8.85;utchersdo.,' bullscom-
mon, ,
choice,, $8.00 to 3.8.50; do., good bulls,
37.25 to 57.50; do., medium bulls., $6.50
to 36.75; do., rough bulls, $5.00 to 56.00;
butchers' cows, choice, 57.75 to 38.25;
do., good, 67.10 to $7.25 do., medium,
36,50 to 56.75; stockers,' $6,40 to 38.25;
feeders, $7.75 -to $8.75; canners and cut-')
aet,s, $5.25"to •35.75 milkers, :: good to
choice,"380 to 5100; do.. corn. and med.,'
.340 to $50; springers, 380 to $110; light
ewes, 32.25 to $9.25; sheep;, 'heavy, $6
to' 37.25;' yearlings $10. to $].1; .calves,
good to. choice, 513 to $14; ` springdhmbs,
13:25 to $13.76; lambs, yearlings. $9 to
10.51;,hogs, fed and ;watered; $16.76 to
16• do.i weighed off cars, $16 to $16:25;
do., f.o.b.,' 515 to $15.25..
Montreal, July '31—Butchers' cattle,
choice, $10 to 510.25; do,, medium, 58.75
to 39.76; do., common, '57.50 to 58.50;
canners, $7 to 37.25; butchers' choice
cows, 39.25 to 59.75; butchers' cattle,
med., 57,50 to $8; do., bulls, 39 to 59.50;.
milkers, choice, eaoht:$70 to ,515`0; -sheep,'
ewes, $8.50 to 59; bucks and culls, $8
to $8.50; lambs, 514 to ,$1,4.50; hogs,
fed and watered,` $3,5.90 to 516; calves,
milk -fed, 512 to $12; do., grass-fed, $6
to $8. •
In the firt three months this year
the United States consumed 83,652,-
907
3,652;907 pounds of cotton fiber in the manu-
facture of explosives.
Dahlias, gladioli' and hollyhocks and
other tall plants should be staked up
if exposed where they are likely to be
broken by the wind.
HUN AGEN
RSY.' :Pt....RUSSIA
Offer Money to ,!nate Rebellion
Against Provisional
Government.
A despatch from New York says: It
pis true that Germanagents under the
guise of Socialist and Anarchist
speakers havebeenopenly engaged in-
spreading
nspreading revolt against the Republic-
an Government of Russia, and German
money is being freely used to encour-
age discontent and dissatisfaction with
the progress of the war, according to
;Mrs. Alexander Lodyguine, wife of a
former New York construction en-
gineer, who arrived here on Thursday
after spending ten years in Petrograd,
where her husband i$ employed.
She, asserted that. she had seen Ger-
man agents circulating among the
crowds surrounding street speakers
and openly distributing ten -rouble
notes to those who would agree to
Ishout for a separate peace or the
overthrow of the existing government.
1 She added that these emissaries are
1 everywhere in Russia, in the army and
among the civilian population, and
that their: work is aided by shortage
of food, due -to the existing disorder.
"We are confident,, however, that
Premier Kerensky will bring about
order out of chaos. He iS a wonder-
ful man, and the best people. of Rus-
sia are ready to follow and, obey him.
There will be no separate peace, I am
sure, and Russia will continue to stand
on the side of democracy." -
FOUR SENATORS
ARE APPOINTED
n —
Five Seats Are Yet Vacant,
Three in Ontario and
Two in Quebec.
A despatch from Ottawa says:
Four new Senators, two of whom have
up to thepresent occupiedseats in
the House of Commons, have, it is
understood, been appointed by the
,Government. They are Richard Blain
of Peel, John Henry. Fisher of Brant,
David Ovide Lesperance, •chairman of
the Quebec Board of Harbor" Conemis-
sioners, and Lendrum McMeans, K.0 ;
ofWinnipeg.These appointments
'
e-
Iiduce the number -of vacancies in the
Senate
to five, three in Ontario and
two in Quebec. It is understood, how-
ever, that two further appointments
will be made on Friday or on Satiar-
day, leaving only three seats then .to
be filled.
•
:1.
I'� AliC RULE
.r.
CONTROLS GREECE
King Not Present at Opening of
Parliamenthen
at Athens.
A despatch from Athens says: The
meeting of Parliament on Thursday
was `signalized by a complete re-
sumption of popular rule and the end
of autocracy in Greece. King Alex-
ander did not take part in the func-
tion, the speech from the throne hav-
ing been abandoned on the ground
that it would involve criticism of a fa-
ther by his son.
The Chamber presented a pictur-
esque scene, with Greeks, Mussul-
mans and Islanders ,dressed in their
quaint native costumes. Premier
Venizelos was acclaimed by a large,
majority of the deputies. The new re-
gime completely controls the situation
and is in full accord and co-operating.
with the Entente.
ITALIAN GUNS BUSY
ON WIDE FRONT.
A despatch from Rome says:—The'
War" Office statement..regarding mili-
tary operations on the,Austro-Italian
front reads: "On the whole front the
artillery and patrol activity was nor-
mal. During the night an isolated at-
tack by the enemy southwest of Cas-
tagnavizza was broken up by our fire.
One of our airplanes paid -a surprise
visit, under adverse atmospheric con-
ditions, to St. Lucia-Tolmino, drop-
ping, a ton of high explosives on the
railway works and doing considerable
damage."
cutlxigescot t•Icluat
No, 0 tvi A'4 JI4RtCK5HAW,
ONE of 714o55 MAN POLI -E.1)
CART'S Ti U5E 'Ih( JAPAN.
1-f MS 1'WO BIG Wiiee1.5
lJ oN
FROM SUNSET COAST
WIIAT THE WESTERN PIi'.OPLEE
ARE DOING.
Prog,,resa of the Great S3'est Told
in a Few Poipted
Paragraphs.
With the arrival ofC
he. T.' G
t P.
steamship Prince George at Victoria,
Capt. D. Donald completed his - two -
hundredth round trip to the North as
commander.
The greater portion of Sumas prairie
is still inundated, as well as a part of
tike through highway from Chilliwack
to Vancouver. Traffic over these
roads has practically stopped.
That tourist travel to Alaslca is re-
markably heavy and compares 'well
with that of. last year is the statement
of Mr. C. E, Jenney, general agent of
the Grand Trunk Pacific liue, which is
now operating its summer service' to
the north,
According to news just received in
New Westminster, Lieut. S. F. Knight,
who went overseas as machine gun of-
ficer, has been' awarded the military
medal for bravery du -ring the struggle
at Vimy Ridge.
To have something over thirteen and
a half hours oe bright sunshine every
day for a week is somewhat of a re-
cord. That is what Victorio and
Nanaimo have had for a week.
An
order -in -Council has been issued
at Victoria permittin4g the Canadian
Northern Railway to operate a work-
men's train between that city and Port
Mann without paying bridge tolls.
The proper conservation of the few
remaining spawning grounds and,
sources of fish food on Vancouver Is-
land is being strongly agitated'for by
residents- of the Cowichan district.
At Nanaimo the employees of the
Granit Colliery Company, the new mine
in process of successful development
at Nanoose Bay, have -just received an
advance of eight per cent. in their
wages.
The danger period from bush fires
is again upon the province of British
Columbia, in the coast district as well
as 3n the dry belt, and the part that
members of the general public canex-
ercise in reducing the number of fires
is once more emphasized by the for-
estry department. '
"Cordova" is to be the name of a
new station on the Canadian Northern
Railway at Cordova Bay. The erection
of the building has commenced, and
but a few days will be required to
carry out the necessary work.
The Nelson Patriotic fund total' is
$14,377.41. During the year the Nel-
son men's auxiliary committee of the
Canadian Red Cross has collected over
$3.000 and has paid a regular income
of over $200 a month' to the local
branch.
Next to Australia;Hanse, at Aid-
wych, British Columbia's' new home
at the bottom of Lower Regent street,
close by Waterloo Place and Pall Mall,
is undoubtedly the most imposing of
all, the overseas Government offices in
London.
The fifth of the six mining engineers
who are to be in change of the several
Mineral Survey districts created by
legislation of last session was selected
.by Hon. William Sloan, Minister of
Mines. This is Arthur G: Langley, a
Victorian.
At Mission City the feeling against
the Japanese seems to be lessening.'
The Ja,p will buy cheap land that white
men will not touch, clear and "drain
it, and, the following season produce a
crop equal to his white neighbor.
A. cougar is skulking in Stanley
Pari.;, according to Mr, H. Irvin of the
Heaver Rooms, Vancouver, who claims
that while walking in the park, near
the, "Seven Sisters," he saw a big
inountain lion in the underbrush.
M. S. Middleton, who was assistant
provincial horticulturist at Nelson for
five years, has been temporarily ap-
pointed by Hon. John Oliver, Minister
of Agriculture, as provincial horticul-
turist to succeed R. M. Winslow.
We often hear people say, "I could
have amounted to something if I had
had a chance." The person who has
it in him to amount to something does
not wait for a chance, he just goes
ahead and makes it. The man or wo-
man who makes up his or her mind to
succeed can do so. In order to
succeed we must have faith in our own
abilities. If we start out depending.
on "chance'e alone, and thinking "may-
be we
will succeed and maybe we
won't," we night as well give up at
once, for will power is the foundation
of success.
Lel" s SEg,
ld0W
J- 1- M
IR- l-�
K_sr_�.»
AR L ERS
DUELS RESUMED
Fighting Ras Been Resumed ha
1, ianelerf ' on a Very
Large` Seale.
A despatch from British Headquar-
ters in France,.. .seye:--The German
and British fighting lines in France.
and Belgium, which have been'°com-
paratively dormant for several weeks,
so far as any large offensive is con-
cerned, have tensed perceptibly in the
:last few days.
Out of the stiffening have grown
numerous fierce artillery duels, espe-
cially in Flanders. #' The Germans
have developed what is known among
the British as "nerves"; that is, they
have become exceptionally sensitive to
any movement of their opponents:
whicli"deviates from the routine, and.
give evidence of this condition in furi-
ous bombardments at suspected points.
From this the conclusion is drawn
that, for reasons of their - own, the
'Germans ,may be fearing that t ouble
is impending ;in some section, •unci tre
not certain where to lookfor re1t
s ap-
pearance.
Lens and Hill 70 nearby have been
under heavy and almost continuous
gun fire. Even the battle -scarred and
barren Vimy ridge, which overlooks,
the .valley above Lens, has been the
object of vigorous shelling which has
accomplished nothing exceptto add
still more shell craters on the already
badly punished hill.
WILL STOP ALL
PROFITEERING
British , Food Controller Will
Regulate Prices.
A despatch from London says:—
Lord Rhondda, the Food Controller,
outlining on Thursday the policy he
purposes to follow to regulate food
prices and eliminate profiteering, said
he intended to fix the prices of com-
modities of prime necessity over which`.
he could obtain effective control, at all
stages, from the producer to the con-
sumer.. Every efl'fort would be made
to' prevent .speculation, and unneces-
sary middlemen would be eliminated.
Existing agencies would be utilized for
the purpose ur ose of distribution under
ex
license and under the control and sup-
ervision of local food controllers to ,be
appointed by the local authorities.
HOW MANY LANGUAGES?
There Are Over 4,000 Languages
Spoken by the Human Race.
How many men, if asked how many
languages there were in the world,
could give anything like an accurate
answer? The average man's knowl-
edge or ability to speak languages
rarely exceeds two besides his native.
tongue. The, late Emperor Francis
Joseph, when visiting a Red. Cross
hospital, spoke,with the patients in
their own language, which showed the
aged emperor to be master of six.
It may appear strange; ,but it is
nevertheless true, that there are over
4,000 languages spoken by mankind,
while the number of, dialects exceeds
this. There are more than sixty vo-
cabularies in Brazil, and in Mexico
i n
the Nahua i broken up"7nto 'some 700
dialects: There are ' hundreds in
Borneo, while in, Australia there is ria
classifying the complexities. Let us
assume that fifty dialects, on an aver-
age, belong to each language, and we
have the colossal total of a quarter
of a million linguistic abilities.
A century hence the probability is
that there will be only four languages
ofimP ortanee in the world. Central
Europe may produce a :. newer' and.
more straightforward German lan-
guage, Imperial English may reign
alone,, over the North American Con-
tinent, and a more businesslike Span-
ish will be used in - South ' American
States, while Russia may take on
some more rich Slavonic dialect which
will blend the races of Eastern Eu-
rope and Central Asia into a harmoni-
.eus federation. So that in future these
four languages will enter into what
may be a never, -ending competition.
Make your own dustless.=dusters by
wetting good-sized folds of cheese-
cloth with .liquid veneer or floor oil,
and allowing it to dry. These work
first-rate.
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