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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Exeter Advocate, 1917-6-28, Page 6aradurXed „raw Mothers and daughters of all ages are cordially invited to write to this department. Initials only will be published with each question and its anewer as a means of identification, but full name and address must be given an each letter. Write on one side of paper only. Answers will be mailed direct if stamped and addressed envelope is enclosed. Address all coreespondence for this department to Mrs. ieelen Law, 235 Woodbine Ave., Toronto. F. Sea -1, Dingy rubbers can be made to look like new if they are wash- ed with ammonia and water, then cov- ered with a thin coating of shoe black- ing and allowed to dry thoroughly be- fore wearing. g. A silver mesh bag can be cleaned satisfactorily by wash- ing in warm water •with pure white seep, using a small toothbrush to clean the links. Rinse and pat dry between cloths. 3, A sprinkling can which leaks slightly should have a cup - fel of melted paraffin poured into it and shaken around so the bottom will be evenly covered. When the wax hardens the can will be found to hold water without leaking. 4. In convoy- ing food to the mouth it is proper to change the fork from the left to the right hand after cutting the food, al- though this rule must not be so strict- ly adhered to as to appear awkward. Mrs. C. T.:—If your pillow cases have worn hi the middle you can use the enci as a bureau cover. Cut the seam the depth of your bureau, open the pillow case and you will have •a bureau cover ready to hem along back and ends. If your cases are em- broidered or hemstitched, so much the better, because this will form the front of your cover. Inquirer: -1. It is not considered good form to say"Pleased tomeet you," or "Glad to know you," when intro- duced, but rather "I am very glad to meet you, Mrs.—", or soxne such sen- tence. Always use the personal pro- noun "I". 2. Pig sandwiches are un- usual and delicious; also gingerbread sandwiches. For the first use two cupfuls chopPed figs, one-half cupful water, one-half cupful sugar, one-half cupful butter, white bread. Put the figs through a food chopper, add the sugar and water and cook until thick. Cool, add the butter and mix well. Spread between thin slices of sand- wich bread which has had the crust removed. To make the gingerbread sandwiches, cut thin slices of ginger- bread which has been -baked a day or two before it is to be used, otherwise it will crumble. Butter each slice and spread with honey. 3. A woman should rise to greet a man if she is the hostess or when a man much older than herself is presented to her, espec- ially if he is distinguished in any way or is a elergymae. Under ordinary circumstances a woman need not rise when a man is introduced to her, but it is gre.cious and courteous for her to rise to greet an old acquaintance, whether man or woman. Busy Bee: -1, A Pena= hat which has become etained wiLbeperspiration can be cleaned in the following way: First immerse the hat in a solution of sodium hypophosphite; follow this with, a dip into oxalic acid, The stain should disappear in an, hour or two; evaen it does, rinse .the hat in clear water and afterward in a weak gYlcerin solution. The bat will be ready for blocking. 2. For an oily skin try boric acid, at dram; alcohol, 312 ounce; rose water, 5a4 ounces. Mop off the surface night aed morning with this waah, then dust with a fine rice powder. Anxiousi—To pasteurize milk heat it to a temperature of 145 degrees Fahrenheit for 20 minutes. It should then be cooled quickly to 45 degrees Fahrenheit and kept at this tempera- ture till used. Pasteurization ac- cording to these directions will kill the typhoid and other disease germs in milk.g. Silver which is to be given as a wedding present to a widow should be marked with/the initials af the bride's maiden name. F. D.:-1. The first airplane actnal- ly to leave the ground was made by Sir George Cayley in 1796, 2. The newest submarines are able to im- merse in sixty seconds. 3. St Paul's Cathedral, London, is 864 feet high. 4. The "Old Lady of Threadneedle Street" is the Bank of England, so called from the street in which it is tocatecl. Maid:—At• a home wedding the bridal party enter as follows: The officiating clergyman should enter the room first and he is immediately fol- lowed by the bridegroom and his best man. When they reach the part of the room where the ceremony is to be perforrned they turn and face the guests, who stand on either side, leav- ing a space or aisle for the bridal party to walk along. The two brides- maids enter side by side or singly, as you prefer, then the bride, who slips her arm through the left arm of her father or the person who is to give her in marriage in his place. When they reach the- improvised altar the father steps aside and the bridegroom takes his place. for we Azoturia is caused by high feeding during a few days' rest. After going a variable distance, the horse shows pain and lameness, sweats, falls or lies down, may or may not be able to rise, urine becomes thick and very dark in color. Prevention consists in giving daily exercise or materially reducing grain ration. To cure, give .puragtive, make comfortable, give 2 drams iodide of potassium 3 times daily. . Draw urine off with catheter. The draft horse is the safest pro- position for the average farmer. Keep on good terms with your horse; he will feed better and develop a better character. Let him increase the number of his humai friends as rapidly as possible and attach himself to them so that he will leave his animal associates to go to them. A little* care and quiet rest may save a horse's Iife and also a vet- erinarian's bill. One can learn that a horse is sick as easily as he can that a human be- ing is out of temper. Many horses are timid by inherit- ance. It is not a fault, but a mis- fortune and should not be cured by whipping but by good treatment. The trouble lies not in his will, but in his over -delicate nerves. You will lose time by becoming angry with him. -Suppress your angry tones and cruel strokes. External and internal parasites, such as lice and worms, may cause the' loes of 26 to 50 per cent. of feed and horsepower. Rid t'he animals ,and stables of these pests. A few cheap window and door screens will do much to give comfort to the horses, not only in the keeping out of flies but also in the providing of good stable ventilation during the summer months, ummawnoNAL LESSON JULY1. Lesson I. Isaiah's Call To Heroic Service --Isaiah 6. Golden Text---Isa. 6. 8. Verse 1. Uzziah—One of the most 'successful kiegs of Judahreigned about B. 0, 789-740. The vision might be regarded as an answer to the anxious questionings; With the old king gone, what will become of the people? Answer: Jehovah is still King. SaW—In a vision or trance. The important thing is the reality of the spiritual experienee, not the man-, ner in which it came. 2. Seraphim—Mentioned only here in the Old Testament as supernatural beings. Their function in the vision is purely symbolical: they are attend- ants at Jehovah's court. The same Hebrew word is applied to destructive serpents in Num, 21. 6 and to the Image made by Moses on that occasion. Since the latter seems to have had a prominent place ill the temple at this time (2 Kliegs 18. 4), it may have illaaiehe4 1,4 basis for these sym- bolical figuree. 8, Holy—The repetitien is for the sake of emphasis, The Hebrew word gleam otiginally "separate." When Applied by the prophets to the deity, it means (1) deity is separate or dis- tinct front his creation; (2) he is sepa- rated from all that is liniited, in a physical as well as moral sense; (3) it includes the entire essential nature Of God, especially in its moral aspects; practically equivalent to "God head." Glory --The divine holiness reveale it- self in his gorious manifestations, which may be seen everywhere in na- ture, history etc. 5. Woe—The enlargement of the conception of Jehovah was followed immediately by a keener appreciation of his own shortcomings and the short- comings of his people; hence the cry. The rest of the verse gives the reasons for his fears. Unclean lips—Isaiah's consciousness of danger springs from his consciousness of sin. Seen the King—The sight of God brings death (Exod. 19. 21. 30, 20. etc.) 8-10. —The purification has fitted the prophet for intercourse with :Jehovah; now he hears the divine voice for the first thne. Go—not) one of the prophets is forced into his office, but there must bc'a can. and commis- sion. Hear—In order to understand verses 9 and 10, the reader must try to appreciate the mental attitude and reasoning of the ancient' Hebrew. They did not consider secondary causes or inevitable natural or spiri- tual laws. Every extraordinary event -was explained as due to direct divine interference, The stubbornness of the people was so monstrous that it became explicable to the proehet only on the assumption that Jehovah had ordained it. 11-13. How long—The divine holi- ness cannot permit the hardening to coetinue forever; but when will the end dome? The answer is disappoint- ing. There is nothing in sight but eetile and desolation. Only a prophet sure of his call would stick to his post under such circumstances. Holy seed —The remnant that escapes, though small, will become the nucleus of the new Isreel. To sum up, the truths impressed upon Isaiah during this spiritual crisis Were: (1) The holiness and sepremaey of jehovah; (2) his own uncleanness, eleansing, and call; (3) the corruption and stubbornness of his people; (4) the certainty of judgment; (5) the preservation of a remnant.; and (6) the conviction that this remeant is to be the eeed of a new Istee1, Drying Fruits and Vegetables Man's primitive effort to avail himself Qt nature's gift in conserving and storing of foods for winthr use was by sun -drying. In many parts of Europe this method alene is used in caring for the abundant harvests, To success- fully dry fruits and vegetables a drier is essential. Asmall one may be constructed at home, This will enable the housewife to hriag it indoors in case of sudden storm. By the drying procees the housekeeper can take care of all surplus foods for which she caneot find cans or jars. Small quantities can be dried dailY, these may be ground with meal or elateand made into palatable bread. entailing little work. , Peas, beans and corn may be dried, and, if the necessity should arise, HMV 'Po Dry Peas: Shell peas, spread on tray of the drier, place in the sun or a place where a strong current of air will strike the drier. At first have a single layer of peas. After the drying has, commenced several trays may be thrown together, Peas should be dried until, when one is dropped upon a plate or table, it gives off a hollow sound. This usually will be accomplished in three to five days. It is possible to dry vegetables and fruits and even beef in this avay. • After the peas are thoroughly dried they must be cared for in a manner that will insure their keeping qualities. It is necessary to make bags of cheesecloth. Place the dried peas in these bags, wrap in newspaper, then again in a piece of cheesecloth. Now give the bag a coat of whitewash, taking care to apply it thoroughly about the string -end of the bag. Hang by string from ceiling in dry, cool store- room, or cellar, or they may be packed in an old washboiler. "Olean old pillow slips or other pieces of muslin may be used in place of the cheese- cloth. A good size to make bags is 8 by 12 inches. Beans may be dried by the same method. HOW TO CONSTRUCT -VEGETABLE AND FRUIT DRIER garev fiRONT ViZW Er.c atantreeeereareate eaaltileaa-Meeeeetieer I • • s , To construct the drier, have twelve Pieces of lumber, 2 by 2, each 16 inches long. Put together to form a skeleton box, using screws to fasten. Place alaate screw -eye at the bottom at each of the four corners, so that the drier will set on these screw -eyes. Every four inches down the foui uprights of the drier place a screw eye, these to act as holders for the shelves, which will be placed upon' them. Make skeleton eleelves from 1 by 1 lumber. Each shelf will take two pieces 16 inches long and two pieces 18 inches long. Cover witheecreen wire and paint with white enamel to prevent rusting. These trays will slide into the skeleton frame. The whole thing may be ,covered with a clean piece of cheese- cloth while the fruit is drying, so that dust cannot come in contact with the drying foods. • eeeteeltelentsialeaae VeSees -easel aettae<aale. Put a pair of old cultivatda wheels on the front end of the hog chute and it can be moved from one pen to an- other in half the time and with less work. Poisoning rats in the hog lots is rather risky business. Pork is too high to be killed in that way. It is well to be alarmed over the cer- tainty of a decrease per capita in the number of cattle, hogs and sheep. Meat, milk, butterfat and wool con- stitute a great reserve force in our preparedness campaign. Less crossing of breeds is respond sible for fewer spottedswine than were common several years ago. One breed to a farm and one standard—the beat --are pushing the swine industry ahead. WHEAT AND NEXT YEAR'S FOOD Careful Directions For the Culture of Winter Wheat—A Very Necessary Crop in View of the Present Food Shortage. By Henry G. With maximum swing „wheat yields both in this country and in the United States, the total production for 1917 will total about 1,132,764,000. bushels. Estimating 6% bushels of wheat per capita for home consumption there is a remainder for shipment abroad frorn both countries of only about 339,000,- 000 bushels. The figures for spring wheat of course are entirely prob- lematic. Full reports have not been published as to the probable area seed- ed to spring wheat in North America and weather conditions in some parts of the continent are none too favor- able. There will be a demand for evety bushel of wheat that this contin- ent can produce. There is consider- able talk of price guarantee at $1.50 a bushel or over. Wheat at a dollar a bushel is profitable; what the farmer gets more than this makes wheat growing all the more profitable. The time for reseeding winter wheat is but three months distant. Every- thing possible should be done to in- sure a good successful seeding next autumn. High Points of Wheat Culture. Wheat thrives best when fed "to the limit". The pla.nifood of good sub- stantial soil should be supplemented. Well rotted manure worked into the seed bed. supplies considerable food. Big results areebeing obtained by drill - Mg in 200 to :400 pounds per acre of fertilizer at the time the wheat is seeded. For an average wheat soil this plantfood should carry from 2 to 3% ammonia, 'about 8% available phosphoricic and 1 to potash. The ammonia gives the young plants a quick start. Phosphoric acid as- sists the root growth of the young crop while the potash gives the plant disease -resistance and general vigor. All three do for the young wheat crop what whole milk does for the young calf. Wheatdoes best on a ‘well-prepared, medium loam soil, The big thing that the crop needs first is moisture. No plantfood can enter the wheat crop unless it is dissolved in the soil water and root juices. Poesibly you are planning to summer -fallow land in preparation for wheat. If this is the case, be sure to keep the surface of the summer-fallowed land tilled euf- ficientlY often to kill all the weeds and preserve a surface dust mulch. If you allow the soil to pack and harden, as it does after latheavy rain, enorm- ous qtantities of water will escape by evaporation and your soil will be ehorter of water when wheat :seeding comes than it would have been if it had growna. large crop this summer. The point it.s—keep the surface of the summer followed soil stirred. Bell, Agronomist. e Your winter r wheat will probably follow early oats. If • such are your plans, be sure toiadw the oat stubble as early as possible after the oets are harvested. The growing oafs. shaded the surface of the soil from direct sunlight and to that extent pre- vented the escape of 'soil moisture by evaporation. As soon as the oats crop is harvested this shade ia,remov- ed and enormous quantities of water escape that should supply the crops that follow. For this reason get plows and disks into the oat field as soon as possible 'after the oats are cut. If the ground is-rairly mellow do not plow too deeply. Three to five inches should be sufficient. As soon as the soil is plowed have it disked and if it has not worked into a smooth seecl bed follow the disking with a rolling and then with a light harrowing. If you have not a sufficient supply of seed write your experiment station at the earliest opportunity and inquire where you can locate the seed. you wish. Do not leave this until late in the season,' but let your inquiry be in the hands Of theexperimentStation by the time the crop is harvested. It may be necessary to delay Wheat seeding a week or ten days to escape the attack of the first 'brood of the Hessian, Fly. If so, be Sere to use at leasethe maximum amount of fertiliz- er advised in order to give the young wheat the additional vigor that will enable it to recover from the effects of late planting. In order to combat wheat smut, spread the seed on the barn floor, and thoroughly sprinkle it with a solution of one pound of forrnalin to forty gallons -of water. Shovel the grain while it is being sprinkled and when it is completely dampened cover it with a pile of sacks, so as to keep .the gas in among the seed as long as possible. Profits in Wheat Growing. If wheat maintains anythingnear present prices, (anclatheee iS good rea- son to believe that it will do it is surely going to pay the Canadianfaam- erto give more attention to this import. ant 'crop. A bushel and a half of good seed is sufficient for an ,acre. The preparation of the sed -bed requires the mejor amount of labor given to this crop. Once the wheat is started it needs no further dere until hatvest time. Harvesting labor may be short, but remember that the crop which yields the heaviest makes most effici- ent use of fasen labor. rFurthermore, remember that the leadirig expeeirrient stations of North Areerice have .de- monstrated beyond a doubt the profics of abundantly feeditig f,lre young wheat crop with Suitable fertilizers. n't Ire eric51 , 46, Conducted by Professor la:::Y1G:;13.4:1141. The object of thls department is to place at th service of our farm readers the advice of an acknowa' edged authority on all subjects pertaining to sons and crops. Address all questions to Professor Henry G. Bell, In care of The Wilson Publishing Company, Limited, Ttei ronto, and answers will aa'ppear in this column in the order irt which they are received. As space is limited, it Is advisable where immediate reply is necessary that a stamped and addressed envelope be enclosed with the Henry G. Bele question, when the answer will be mailed direct. ' Question—C, li. :—I have a piece of red clay land and for years I have tried either corn or oats or something and it always, fails to catch, then turn the stock in the remainder of the sea- son. What is the best way to get it seeded? Which kind of clover should I sow? The land is high and dry, and most always is so hard one cannot cul- tivate it. It has lots of Canadian thistle on it. Answer:—Evidently you have been unfortunate in working your clay land at the wrong tune Clay must not be worked while it is too wet else it vrill break down and puddle, preventing circulation of both air and water in the soil. When you can roll a ball of clay in your hand, and on striking it with your finger, it breaks into several parts, the land is ready to plow. If, however, it is sticky like putty, do not work it. If left until it is too dry, it will break into hard clumps like bricks, which means a bad seed -bed. Some farmers, after plowing clay soil, leave the furrows to dry out for a day or, two. This is exceedingly bad practice. If the clay soil is in right condition, just enough should be plow- ed so that it can be disked or harrowed the same day. It will help your soil to apply about 1,000 pounds per acre of an burnt lime. Scatter this on the soil and harron -it in carefully. The lime will correct the sourness of the soil and will make the texture of the seed bed better. Any kind of clover should do well on this soil. When you have produced a good seed- bed, I would advise drilling in barley or oats at the rate or about a bushel and a half per acre and at the same time 'seeding the ground to a mixture syeefoeuedl.ohvaevi, eaumseadkignogodsugrer,alsisoevaenadeleatlohveet!i In order to insure a good catch of grass, put on 200 pounds of fertilizer() at the time of seeding. It will b well to apply the lime, at least tw weeks previous to sowing the g•ree and grass seed. The fertilizer should analyze about 2% ammonia, 8 to 10% phosphoric acid and possibly 1% pot ash. It is available plantfood and awcircillegsetilvie strength to the young oatsif and clover the same as whole millo helps the growing cattle. demt—haji hS1.1:d—sWode pirovweedd a under three years ago; it was cropped, twice with corn and once with oats. Thist spring 1 put it into ensilage corn, and' want to seed it next spring. As this, field was never manure& much I won) dered if there was anything I could sow to get a good catch of clover the last tune cultivating, to plow under as) green manure this fall. • Thi e field iS partly low, black soil Ansv,-er:—I would advise you to ap- ply 200 to 250 pounds of fertilizer analyzing 1 to 2% ammonia and 8 to 10% phosphoric acid. This will ma-; terially help your corn and at the same time will supply available plantfood to start off your clover vigorously. If the soil is at all sour;—that is, if you, can see moss or sheep sorrel growing; in the fiold—I would advise you to, scatter ground limestone over the field at once at the rate of a ton per acThe This should be worked into the soil as you cultivate the corn and will sweeten it so that conditions will be proper; for the growth of clover. The ground limestone will not materially help the corn, but will sweeten the soil. Market Calendar, • The culling of non -layers from the flock should be continued throughout July. The season of highsproduction is over and at the high price of feed, it does not pay to keep hSns as board- ers throughout the summer. Sell in July old hens, brailers, green ducks and old ducks. Heat is the great enemy of eggs, both fertile and infertile. Follow these simple rules, which cost nothing but time and thought, and you will add dollars to the poultry yard re- turns: _ Keep the nests clean; provide one nest for every four hens. Gather the eggs twice daily. Keep the eggs in a cool, dry room or cellar. Market the eggs at least twice a week. Sell, kill or confine all male birds as soon as the hatching is over. With poultry costs so high, why not keep an accurate account of the re- ceipts and expenditures? A simple way to keep track of the grain used is to build a supply bin in the poultry house. The 'grain can be easily weigheel and the amount recorded each time the bin is filled. A tabulated sheet tacked upO'n the side of the bin may also be used for recording the egg yield and receipts: The poultry house should be placed away from other farm buildings where the drainage is good. Dampness is very dangerous and the floor of the poultry house must be higher than the outside soil. A house should never be less than fourteen feet deep and four square feet of floor space should be allowed to each bird. When a cement floor is used in the house it should be made in creases to prevent the hens from slipping. Don't build the houses too high or it will be difficult to keep the birds warm. By using one-fourth inch mesh wire on the windows the wire will break the wind and keep out sparrows. ; Little pigs that are given plenty of exercise will not over-' eat. Feed all they will eat up clean of a well-balanced growing ration; if they will eat what is put before them' they are not being overfed, A Woodland Quarrel. Reddy Squirrel was having an after- noon nap in his cosy home, deep in the heart of an ()la chestnut tree. -Mrs. Squirrel was out fora little airing, and had left Reddy to mind the babies while she was gone. The little fel- lows were sleeping so quietly that 'there seemed no geed reason why Reddy should not have,a nap, too. His sleep had been badly broken of late by one of the b'abies that was having trouble with' its teeth. So he curled up in a fat red ball and in seven winks was sound asleep. Rat-tat-tat-tr-r-r-r-rt! That was the noise that made Reddy Sqeirrel wakd up with a sudden start. He raised his head and listened hard. What could it have been? A moment later he heard it again. Itat-tat-tat-tr-r-•r-r-rt! Then Reddy SquirrePknew very well what the noise was. He had heard it many times in the forest. It was Downy Woodpecker drilling a hole in the bark of the old chestnut. Reddy Squirrel was very cross when he jump- ed out of bed and ran to the door of his house. .upo away from here!" he chattered, as he pushed his head outside. "What do you mean by such noises on the trunk of my tree?" Rat-tat-tat-tr-r-r-r-ati answered Downy Woodpecker, as he pushed his long, barber tongue into a hole in the beak and pulled out a choice morsel. "Go away, I say!" chatterea Reddy Squirrel, louder than before. "-You will wake up the babies!" "You seem to be the only one to wake up so far!" retorted Downy Woodpecker, and his tones were just as unfriendly ea) those of'Reddy Squir- rel. "And don't bother me, for I'm busy getting dinner.' "Well, aren't there trees enough for you without trying to knock mine to pieces?" asked Reddy Squirrel. "This is not your tree," replied Downy Woodpecker. "One of my cousins used to have a home here long before you came along. Moreover, you corne to my tree for nuts when you feel like it, and only the other day you frightened my family almost out of their wits when you were climbing round there." So they scolded and argued, but they got nowhere at all. And meanwhile the baby squirrels woke up and cried, and Downy Woodpecker made no fur- ther progress toward getting' his din- ner. It was Reddy Squhael who finally) put an end to the quarrel. "Pll tell you what I'll do," he said at last. "If you will not come to my tree to drill for your dinner, I will not go to your tree for nuts or to harm your family. 'In that way things will be Much more pleasant all round." "Agreed!" said Downy Woodpecker. "That is a sensible arrangement. Why not go further than that? Why not get all the sqterrels and woodpeckers in the foreet to live up to the sante ar- rangement ? There are frees enough for all of as "Very well," agreed Reddy Scathe rel. "I will see all my cousins at once, and you must explain the plan to all the woodpeckers, My, it will be fine to sleep in peace hereafter!" That is the way the quarrel between the squirrels and the woodpec'kers, a ' quarrel of very long standing, came to an end in the big forest. If you ever hear a squirrel and a woodpecla er scolding away at each other you may know that one of them has brok- en the agreenieet, and that Elie council Of the wood folk will punieli hni tom it,