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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Exeter Advocate, 1917-5-10, Page 6Conducted by ProfessorHenry' G. Bell,. The object of this department Is to place . at the service of our farm readers the advice, of an acknowl• edged authority on ail subjects pertaining• to soils and crops. Address all questions to Professor Henry G, ,Cell, in care of The Wilson Publishing Company, Limited, To- ronto, and answers will appear In this column in the order In which they are received; As space islimited it is advisable where Immediate reply Is necessary that a stamped and addressed envelope be enclosed with the Henry G,. Bell. question, when the answer will be mailed direct.. Question -W. E. A.: -Have a piece of lazed I do not wisht,t work this Bea- von except to summer fallow. Can I plow it about June to kill weeds, and sow it to oats or anything else good for pasture? By not pasturing it too close and turning it under in the fall, will land be in good shape fornext year? Answer: -If you intend to summer fallow the lana, I would advise you to plow it sooner than. June,oprobably ;early in May, and keep it harrowed and disked about once in two or three weeks, so as to root up the young sprouting weeds and to preserve a dust mulch which will prevent the es- cape of the water from the soil. If you wish to establish a temporary pas- ture I cannot advise you better than to try the mixture aevised by 'Prof. Zavitz of Ontario Agricultural Col- lege. He advises sowing 88 lbs. per acre of a mixture composed of .51 lbs. and re -enforced with from 1,000 to .2, e well supplied with humus in order that there may be a reasonably good supply of moisture held in the soil. Straw- berries are not very hard on the soil. A ton of strawberries is worth say $200 and only takes from the soil about 85 cents worth of plantfood, yet because•, their growing season is so short,the soil` must be well supplied with available ) lantfood. This is best done by getting the ground ready a year ahead of time, Pick out the place where you expect to plant the strawberries andcultivate it to a hoed crop covering the ground before this crop is put in with anywhere from 20 to 40 loads of manure to the acre. Absolutely clean cultivation is neces- sary in order to free the land of weeds. • If manxre is available that is well decayed and free of weed seeds, ten to twelve tons, to the acre may be applied before ` planting the berries P P S POLLR `O KT... It Pays in ,°Maris tuud Cents To .Aid The F inialsing Touches, To P1;odnee Intended ,'ar'rab1e tfse., (i3ti• 1+ (, 1:11urd Dominion i'oultry i':iu5li rndmFszt,) if all the dressed poultry that goes HOW 'I'0 KILL Atte 11.1".4)- into the market was of ail <r netizin I , tratior'tta 1'24!t'; r e p'eae uhe , appearance and of good quality, the root o1' h briri':e snoutt'e producer would get a better price, and. ani} the r the consurnee would be willing to pay la vpr slily ' for something he Could enjoy eating. being looney- oeys It is a good Object lesson for the pro- ducer to© queer to see wliat'h'- •p• duce looks -rein ou 'ire ' like just before it goes into the con - left side or the bird's neck (A) is the ninon to 001 to bleed. The mark in the root of the month (n) indi- cates'ront the original draw- nlace to she en- ing by 1)r. A.. B. Viok ter the blade ware. • to strife the brain, Putting the finishing touches on' a product before offering' it for sale yields th"'e greatest proportionate re- turn • of any labor ,done on the avera farm.. This lack of "finish" - is %W Mk"�• efait ur ea andante- -h d Phew .76sle- m Lour Mothers and daueliters or all ages are W0. this g e cordially invited to write to departient. Initials. only will be published with each question and its answer as a means of identification,, but full name and address must be Oven in each letter. Write on one side of paper only. Answers will be • Mailed direct if stamped and addressed envelope is enclosed. Address all correspondence for thls ddpartment to Mrs. Helen Law, 235 Woodbine Ave., Toronto, M. M.-1, I'or a home wedding the sumer's hands, If he saw it, he bridal party should enter the room in would sometimes wonder how it the following manner: ll 8• as big The- clergy- bria price as it does. man leads, followed by the bridegroom Warm weather and long hauls, and best man. When he reaches the coupled with rough handling in teen lace sit all have a share in depreciating ,, p before which%, the bride and depreciating the bridegroom are to stand quality, but it must be borne in mind for the people that produce never molly ho 'turns and faces the peopl° e arrives on the and the bridegroom and the best market in better shape than it leaves stands at' his left hand, al mag the shipper. so facing Why per. ' the guests. When they have taken 3 intelligent farmers will per- their places the, rid sist in selling their poultry in any- room f bridesmaid maid enterr the thing but the best of condition is' hard followed left a bride, who rests her arm on the left arm of her father. go to explain. Possibly , present-day As she advances and reaches o-, conditions could not help but create where the bride roe the place g' mstansed h steps where so clearly seen as in oi2i•you try products as shipped to market, 'To prove that producersdo not put the care they should on their poultry products before offering them for sale, one may visit any 'market `and he yvi find that a 'large proportion of th poultry exposed for sale .eahibits carelessness that no other business a could stand. Good farmers who fol- low a systematic crop rotation,, who conserve all the available Moisture ( a, carelessness that has left the trade forward and offers her his left in its resent state, arm, p Her father^ steps to one side and the There is, however, no reason :for let- .:bridesmaid steps ting it remain there. The bride,careful'p to the ride the be - producer should while the best man remains get a higher price"for side the bridegroom. All five now u his good quality products than does face the clergyman, who -performs thee e his neighbor who cares' nothing about ceremony-. After the father 'has -iv_ a how his .areg produced or where they en his daughter in marriage, which he re marketed. does by a simple nod' of acquiescence nferior Produce -Who Loses when the clergyman asks who gives )here- her in marriage; he steps bacand the soil,, who never market a" bullock xcept in a :finished condition, see o forget a their business principle when poultry: is being disposed of, an only of getting rid of them 1 the quickest and easiest way possible usive poultry plants, and expeiienc loam soil. If the ground is extra b thin and manure is not available a lit- fa tle more ammonia should be used in re e take even ordinary care in the prepare ti n e d again early in the spring and thor- oughly worked down to prepare a fine, firm meed bed and to eradicate all the weeds possible se In the choice of varieties the soil,be climate and market must be consider- to ed. Varieties, that under certain conditions of soil, climate and market, may prove profitable, may under I th changed conditions prove worthless. i th In selecting varieties the beginner i of oats, 30 lbs. of Early Amber sugar 000 pounds of commercial fertilizer to t cane and 7 lbs. of common red clover. Professor Zavitz says to sow this early in May. The oats and the Early Am ber sugar cane can be drilled in through the regular grain drill and the clover seed through the grass and clover seeder attachment of the grain drill. At Guelph thus mixture has been found to be ready to carry cat- tle late in June, This pasture has carried more than one steer to the. acre and in 1911 was successfully used to maintain milk cows. If this ma- terial is not pastured down too close it will form a valuable addition of humus to the soil if turned down late in the fall. Land under such manage- ment as outlined should be in good shape for next spring, •if plowed fairly deeply in the fall.. Question -M. C.: -Kindly tell me 1to.v I can get rid of thistles and:quack grass. Answer: The killing of thistles and quack grass requires heroic methods' Plenty of muscle, horse flesh or gas line used through a tractor will k them. The top of the plant sery much the same purpose as the lungs animals, so that if the plant is depri ed of that vital part it must soon d' If this principle is kept in mind bo thistles and quack grass can be kille No one method will work 1 i all soil' and in all locations. If the, thistl are cut down and not a single spear a lowed to donee .above the surface, the must soon die from Iack of power breath, in air and ability to dige food. Usually some form of cls cultivation is the best method eith with a crop or by bare fallowing. Th thing to do is to outline a systematic plan of attack and :to keep in, mind at all times the fact that you must keep every leaf cut off. The same persistent methods apply i•, the killing of quack grass. How- ever, if the quack grass is' in sod it is best to plow the ground shallow dur- ing the summer, say about three inches deep. For this it is advisable to use a special type;of plow with a Scotch bottieur "having a real long gradually sloping mold board. This pei•1nits the"easily turning of the sod. The next thing to do is, within a week or ten days, go on the land with a dis and thoroughly crit up the land. Yo should disc' this every ten days o two weeks until fall when the quac grass will be completely Billed out Don't count the number of times you go over the land. Keep on going, go ing, going until every spear of th grass is killed out. Question-J.G.:-What is the coin parative food value of oats cut while green and cured4and fed in the winter as hay, especially as a milk; producer? Answer: - The following is the the acre. A good fertilizer for straw-. berries should analyze about 2 to 8 percent. ammonia, 8 to 12 percent phosphoric acid and, 4 to '6 ,percent potash, if it can be purchased. This analysis is suitable fora good sandy f t 11 li think t There are comparatively few ex in s d n e in Canada, as a rule, has nit been encouraging' to that system. But rmer's could make considerably more venue . front poultry if they would el the fertilizer and more pounds'to th acre applied. The -ground should be plowed late i the fall if possible and allowed to 11 over the winter and preferably.piowe on. Preparation -Its Value. The tiine it takes to prepare pro- duce before'it is shipped from the farm is time well spent. No matter lidlat is being sold, it should never be nt from the farm until it is in the st possible condition. Especially is is true when'produce is intended for ble use. Well -finished broilers of roasters st less per' pound; to the producer an those that are poorly fleshed, and ey are much- more palatable to the. nsumez'. Though he ma er have to y from 25 to 50 per cent. more per and for such, as `'a rule the edible rtion really costs lss o: should be guided more by the' advice of c0 ill progressive growers in his community Its es: than by what catalogs Say. If his pO land istearly he may find profitable p° °f plants from the earl varieties such Th v- Y as Crescent, Barton's Eclipse, Senator te:cDunlap, Warfield„oand Beder Wood. t11. If his land ' is late he will find it ee d' more profitable to plant some` of the to s> i later varieties such as Sample, Wil- ca es i Hans Belt, Commonwealth and Brandy- - e Y - I wine. Just as soon as the planting fe is finished culti ation should begin. s5 st l The first two or three cultivations o° an should be rather deep so as to revel- the n 1 low the soil trodden down inplantin.g. an e , All later, eultitiatin, should be shal- e Old System of Pelarketing Dress- ed Poultry -Its Defects. Possibly nine -tenths of all the dress poultry produced has found its way market through what is sometimes fled "the system," the outstanding attire of which has been the lack of stem. The peddler or; country re was the first handler; there was encouragement to be careful, for same price was paid for all, good d bad. In some cases the •pro- cer-•broke away from the system low. The land should be cultivated at least every ten day;, ;and after each rain. If you will write and get the Annua Report of the Secretary for Agricul- ture, Halifax, Nova Scotia, for the year 1910, you will find therein two splendid articles on strawberry culture that go quite a good, deal into detail regarding best methods, of handling this crop. THE WAYS OF TIIE WIND. by? There is less reason every year wh producers should put up with this std of affairs. By more care in productio through co-operation or direct cons inunication with better markets, bett prices may be received by the produc- er and more satisfaction given to th consumer,, but the first step is` for:th producer to produce' a higher and mo uniform quality, for.all producer whether their product is good or ba lose on any bad produce that goes to the - market. The producer loses on this because the dealer loses on the'poor quality ani he cannot pay as much for the good, for on" it he has to 'make `good his loss on the poor; the bad produce has already cost for transportation which comes out of the producer; these poor quality birds are retailed and the producer again 'loses by the decreased consumption. Not a pack- age of dressed poultry is offered for sale but either helps' or hurts the -sell- ing. It 1s quite'' probable that many a chicken dinner has been changed. to beef because of the way these products are exposed for sale and the producer is first responsible for this and is. the heaviest loser. Inferior Produce -Who is to Blame? Though it hits been' pointed out that the producer might improve his pro- duct and his methods of selling, it must not be imagined that he alone is guilty,,: Each person who handles the product even to the consumer it some- times at'fault. Though it is possible to improve the quality delivered ;by the producer, it too often happens that stuff that is good when it leaves the farm is spoiled before it is eaten. It might therefore be noted that all; y toc.�L`' �"-- c` bridge Bible). See: especially Paul's description of its energies in 1. Cor. 13, joins his wife, who is standing near, After the clergyman has given the blessing he steps to one side and the bride and brides. room turn and face the guests, the best man aa1d brides- maid' taking their places, one on each side of the newly married pair: The family and friends the advance . to offer '•heir, congratulations' and after all have spoken to the''bride,and bride- groom the wedding breakfast is serv- ed, after which the happy pair, if iii wedding clothes, change for travelling costumes and depart amid a shower of friendly confetti and old shees. 2. Displayin • the .'resent isentirely a R presents e1 zy matter of personal taste. Some per' sons do not care to do so, but it has collie to be considered quite the thing, and it is very pleasant for the guests to see them, when they have been well arranged. It is in perfectly good form,- therefore, and is expected at most weddings, 3. The bride should acknowledge each present herself. If the donors are bind enough to think :of you, you should be gracious `enough to acknowledge them yourself. 0, .. , . R. i �: 11, Myjoy-Which . , ./ , _ J Y h was his already .,.: :. even before 'he "endured the cross". er (Heb. 72..2 . They y are Molted, to , en- ter into the boy of their'�Lord. -The e words presume that they have enough e ` INTERNATIONAL LESSON of it already to long for more:.to see re MAY a redeemed world has become a sup - MAT ambition with them. d, 12. This takes .0 John 13. 34; its on t sd shipped direct, to the dealer but from the.•producer to the consumer,, did not preps his birdsas he should."are more or less to blame for tlie.con- 1 In many cases the birds were bought ht of the poultry market and every by a middleman on' a commission link of the chain should be strength- • Effect of Wind Currents Upon Air- craft: and ir- craft:and Steamers. u The question has been asked: "Does ✓ wind affect aeroplanes as it affects k steamers? • Both are affected, of course, but not in the -same way or degree. Wind in- - fluences a steamer mainly by its effect e upon the sea. That is to say, it the roughnees of the sea, rather than of - the wind above the sea, that a steam- er has to reckon with. An aviator, on the °thei` hand, has the actual wind to ` contend against, anti -air currents complicate his pro- , gr•ess very considerably. His trace, analysis of oats cut in the milk stere: Oats ?lt'i' ti "iiia stage"-, it end a' "'lay in winter.' 2 c - may: k,a p - ZH Oats in T rt t rittn 10.4 1.2 .11..4 1A.5 . 59.4 4.8 It is seen from the above analysis that oats' cut in the green stage make a very good feed for all classes of livestock. They should not be fed alone to milk cows; but supplemented with alfalfa hay and concentrates' in the form of bran, cottonseed, or oil meal ; The chances are that better results will be secured and perhaps a larger quantity of food can bo har- vested if tiie oats instead of ,being sown alone are seeded with Canada field peas. Question --A 8, L..- T am thinking of planting a few acres In etrawbei•- ries for the merited. What is the best soil, fertilizer, and variety of plant and the best time to begin? A. detailed answer will oblige: . ruoVer: - ", trawberries are not ovet•ly par'tioular as regards .the soil in which they grow; however, they will tisually do beat on soil that is suitable for potato'e's, They should be grown in a riele friable seedbed 3 the pace of the wind and its direction,, all have to be taken into account; and when you realize how varied are the currents met with in a day's journey through the upper atmosphere, you „ ... will understand what this means, ACASs; or C/niexir rrar, wrier. p;aaic-a vxiosnses basis, and too often the quality was not good and there was absolutely no grading. This • system, ,or rather lack of system, in selling meant, and still means, a lower net return to the shipper, because of lack of uniformity,. poorer qualityaand rlunierous commis- sions. Fortunately such producers are be- ened,'though 'the wholesaler and the producer are the two most important. However, as it is the producer that we are writing this information for, it is his responsibility that we are em- phasizing. The Improved System -Its Methods and Advantages. Thanks to demonstrational work coming fewer every year, but they and to co-operation among the pro -1 th have been responsible to a large ex -E ducers, better business' methods are c Lesson VII. -Jesus The True Vine- John 15. 1-16. Golden Text -John 15. 5. Verse 1. We have another instan here of John's halit of comppressin parables by fusing the parable an the interpretation. Matthew wou have omitted the references in thes two verses to the Fathea and th t5on, and 'added the exposition at th end, True vine -The adjective "true, or "real," becomes here practieall "ideal" -that which alone answers t all the thoughts the eye of Jesus see in the parable. 2. In nie-This parable may os sibly be the starting point of the high ly concentrated phrase "in Christ, repeated in varying forms sons seventy times in Paul's. letters , an constituting the very:kernel of. hi theology. CIeanseth.--Not by prun ing,-.which is in the first clause: it i a washing that is meant. 3: Clean, as in the Greek, recall cleanseth in verse 2. The teachin which Jesus; has given them throb' •h- out their discipleship has achievedits purpose for those eleven' 'men: see John 13. 11. It has purged the branches from blight and parasites, and prepared them for more abund- ant productiveness, which is their only reason .for, existence, 4. And I'in you -Just so Paul is'al- ways setting by, his great formula "in. Christ" the complementary "Christ \in me." It was no figure of speech, or pious phrase: for him the -Master was literally living his 'human life over again withinehis soul. And no- repetition.recalls ho.' story •of John in his extreme age, carried into the. church and never saying anything but, "little ' children, love one another." The family love of . the disciples of Christ, is God's'. new. way of teaching ce the Hitherto unattainable command, g "Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thy - d self": compare 2 Pet. 1. 7. ld 13. This great verse sweetens e bereavement for: multitudes of us in e the horror, of this war, "In thus • e citing his own love as a model for "'their imitation, he intimates . Y that he is about to give tl.e highest o possible proof of his love by laying s down his life for them" (The New Century Bible) No man. a _ man -It is safer to render no. one . one -the word main is not there. " 14. Friends--iSo does James (2. 23) connect Abraham's great'name "the d. friend of God" with.his doing God's' s command.' • _ 15. Here again the -case of Abra- sham comes in. "Shall I hide. from Abraham that which I am doing?" says Jehovah (Gen. 18. 17). Even s I g so here" the Divine Friendship is "larked by Christ's taking them into confidence. That he would no long- er call then `bondsmen" did not pre- vent them from- claiming that title as a glory; .thus James 1. 1, Phil 1. 1, etc. Compare -the phrase in a' fine' old prayer, cui "servire• .regna•e est, "whose slaves are kings." s - thing leswill' ever give real: life .to any of us. Except ye abide -"There is this mysterious; property in the branches of the spiritual .vine, that theycan cut themselves. off, as Judas hadone. Nature does `something; and grace does more; but grace may bo rejected" (The Cambridge Bible). 5.' The vine -The whole vine ,"in - eluding the branches. Paul has the ought with another figure when he ails the chiircla.the body of Christ 4R I 5 ,A: According to expert calculation, if Fourteen in this box but they are well, fleshed, uniform in size and packed tii;h't en hour, the wind fifteen miles an hour oast, the aviator's compass must be ' set to about fourteen degrees west of north to secure a true northerly course. HIGH COOT 1)1? eaRTILLERY. j CoHt for Army of a Million Men se More Than *120,000,000. Always a costly arni,'field artillery is ":more so now than ever, due to the ooneplieated' engines it uses. Tho etiuip- tnent alone, exclusive eff 10011 and hor.eec, for the artillery of a corpslin our army reaches a cost of more than $12,000,000, its visible supply of am- munition twice that amount. For an army of a niililon mens the cost is more than $120,000,000;; that of ammuni- i tion, tnore th at. $240,000,000, it need scarcely be :aid that such costly 'ma- s chinery 'o! was -: must ho 'provided in l irons of 'peace,••---Nationei Service Magazine •C i tent for the condition in which pro- duce arrived on the market and for the state in which it has been exposedfor sale, even in sonic of 001 larger elties. On one of these markets 'visited by the writer there was hardly a bird young or old that Could not, by a very. little attention, have been .improved, at least in appearance, - Chickens were there in dirty crates, chickens of all colors and sizes There were old hens that were lousy, hens with sealy legs and some that looked as if they might Clio before the axe Dame. ',There was not one live bird in the lot that one could relish on the table after' seeing it as"it was. Nor wore the dressed birds much better. Thci: Jacked -het neetnr.:s aiid finishthit, makes one wish he were Carving: one for his dinner. Msny were thin and . those that .were fairly wee fle he l were poorly pluelell. The skim wits; torn or blotched fawn 'Scafdino', some, Were bled, eeme had lost their headsel and some hard thin necks dislocated. 1 being adopted: ' Conditions,in some each Christian being a Iimb or organ of it.Do nothing -The verb -is that of 'Matt. 3. 8, and quite possibly -we should render "produce ' nothing," keeping up the figure. • 6. ' This is the parable of John the Baptist (Matt, 3. 10). "A metaphori- cal description of the fate which awaits an unfaithful disciple. He is like a useless branch which is broken off and thrown away, and after it gets .withered and dry is consumed as rewood." ` 7. Observe how this illuminates' prayer, which is not mere �ppetition, but s vital harmony with God. Such union with ~God in Christ will make it impossible to ask what is out of ac- cord with the Will, except ir, the spirit of Jesus in Gethsemane. If a man thus blessed does ask something that God does not will, it shall he done un- to him still, in that something better will come. Compare Paul's experi- ence,- 2 Cor. 12. 9. 8. Is . glorified -The tense of the Greek is a little difficult. Pro- bably it means "has been this moment sections are greatly improved but the Yr Work has only started and this im-;t}i provement must become more general, it if producers are to get the returns' E they, oughts°. The demand for good ve stuff is steadily increasing and with it the price.Fifteen years ago`farm-..� e s occasionally, sold poultry for.6 to' at 8 cents a pound, Now dressed peel- ; gi try veils for. 12 to 20 Cents a pound,; fr arid in some cases much: higher'. There I seem to be iew industries that promise I R' blighter prospects "t'u the farmer than th poultry Managed on a business basis. In some sections farmers ,are co -i. operating, thug putting on the market M 0. more uniform product in better con- � :I d bore anti at less expense; more carol se i being taken in the. production and wi finishin. , and consum.el•s arc dis- I Ce erihinating more in the quality they! puvchsise. Some o.f'the 01kldiemo en's 1 m. eltrmmisssi.ons are beim elimina;tcd anci 1 tv` 1 ," eeceivec, ho time of tilt -bearing ls seen so vividly , by ,e Master (compare John 4. 35) that is spoken of as already present. ven in actual time, Pentecost'..was the tense is sflppnyteti by the fact at it iseused hi John 13. 31, 32, wheee tained.P And be my disciplee (mar- I n) --A disciple who does not bear' a p Lord is spealeing of his earthly life' ' plies "even so niust ye lOve me": love far them must act and react. y love ---"Primarily, the love which e have shown, and in a secondary a n,se, the love whic'h 7 inspire, SO th his love in verse 10" Mao Neev „ ntory 10. Note how the idea of love aS vier. lo keep itts The Fesolish Hen. . "Please give me a piece of your bread," said the cat to the old ben that was trying hey best to eat a loaf of''' bread that, was almost as big as she was. It was fae more than she needed for herself. The old hen only ouffleO up her fea- thers and clucle.ed something that could not be understood, im the , poor, hungry cat heel to go without. ' "Please give me a piece ol• yeeir bread," grunted the little lige But the old hen only ruffled up her feathf ers, took her big loaf and turned off e' to one side where she thought she would not be bothered. "Please give mo piece of your bread," said the pigeon, as it flew down from the dIence right by her side. The old hen was getting very angry by this time. She flew at the pigeon, and scared the little thing out of the "Please give- me a piece of yotft bread," said a big, old clog. The- old hen only ruffl,eci up her feathers, sts usual, and statted at the big dog; but he did not mind that. "If. you will not give me a pieee, I will take it all," he Said, as he started tewited th,e big loaf. The eld hen seized the 'Oaf of bread in her mouth and started on a :ran but the dog could outrun her. She saw that she would have to do some- thing quick, -So she epread her wings and tried to Fly over the fence. But just its she got, to the top "of the fence a little bird pecked ut the loaf: and away' it went tuinbling beck. to the, ground ; and in her fright, instead of ending on the fence.. she fell eight into barrel of water Close by. The old hen calred the cat to help She called the dog ta help her, „ xis she ,even pleaded,,"0 little bird, Aoase help me! I am about to droWn." They all l'worked as 'hard as they ould to get her out, but they could ot, Just tis -Ober old hen was bout to ,±sink to 'the bottom of, the ine eat, the pig', tho pigeon, the. 'og and the little bird all had a gtr)6(1 egg otr'the old hen's loaf, end it was long 'Urge tieford She Wits 'able corning closer together. ' se t proves our love for him, but a At :mother crumb of bread '