HomeMy WebLinkAboutExeter Advocate, 1914-6-4, Page 2GREAT
IRRIGATION ON WORD
BASSA.NO DAM, OVER BOW
RIVER, IS COMPLETED ,.
Br C.P.R.
RiI1 Turn a Great Desert Into a
Land of Milk and
Honey.
The construction of the huge Bas -
saw dam across the faanous Bow
River, 83 miles, east of Calgary, by
the Oanadian Pacific Railway Com-
pany, has been eompleted. As a
result of its opening a million acres
of prairie land, previously looked
upon as of little or no use for agri-
cultural purposes, is now placed
tinder irrigation and will prove as
productive as any other portion of
the Dominion. The gigantic work,
which has entailed the expenditure
of several millions of claims, has
been ea cried out under the supee-
visi,on of Mr. J. S. Dennis, assistant
:to the President, and head of the
Department of Natural Resources,.
About three years trice been
sspent thiso w, �itis
peoxk, probable
that the remainder can be built
daring the year 1914. The greatest
part of the earthwork for the ca-
nals, aggregating twenty million
cubic yards, has been ;completed
and operations well advanced on
the, principal structures. The re-
taining .work to. be done consists
largely of placing over a thousand
small structures, mainly wood,
scattered over the irrigable tract
covering the greater part of 2,000
square miles.
The quan,titi•e,s, as shown by the
records of the Dominion Govern-
ment, are notably large, the river
receiving the drainage from over
6,000 square miles above Bassa,no..
It has a heavy spring flow, the
highest stages being rea,crhed be-
tween June lath and August 15th,
and thus furnishing an ample sup -
;ply through the erop season. At
other times it affords an adequate
quantity for conveyance through
the main canals to the ,storage reser-
voir located within the irrigable
tract. This provision .of storage for
a part of the irrigable area and in
the vicinity of the farms is• notble
as ,an assurance against certain
classes, of operation troubles.
The low water surface in Bow
River is raised approximately 40
feet by the Bassano Dams It is a
oou posits,. structure, the most nota-
ble portion being the eonerete spill-
way, 720 feet in length. This is
built with regard to economy of
material and of the so called "Am-
bursen type," with heavy floor.on
the bed of the stream, protected
by asuita,ble< eat -off walls. Upon this
are erected buttresses carrying a
sloping deck with apron, the whole,
designed to pass 100,000 cubic feet
of water per second with extrema
height of 13 feet above the crest.
huge Eastern Dykes.
The concrete portion of the dam
is prolonged westerly within the
Horse Shoe Bend by an eastern
dyke with maaximum height of 45
feet and length of 7,000 feet, con-
taining about 1,000,-000 cubic yards.
Extending easterly _-from the dam
is the main canal, five miles in
length, partly in a deep out of 70
feet bottom width, and which, being
made in earth of e.ce ewhat -breach
emus character, has, given consider-
able trouble. In .this respect it ie
comparable with a. number of aim-
ular deep earth Cutts whicah have
lbe,en. made and successfully main-
s - i ,1 n,.s on
,r deo
main-
tained under simala ,con
1oanals in Montana and adjacent
areas. Beyond the eastern end of
this cut,, the maim canal, with. a
capacity of 3,800 cubic feet per se-
cond, divides the istmaller portion,
with bed width of 30 flet and ca-
pacity of 800 cubic feet per second,
turning toward the north, while the
larger branch, with capacity of 2,
200 second -feet, oontinues toward
the east. On the northern branch
ancl its sub division are many
im-
portant structures, such as drops
and flumes, but the large number
of these is on the eastern, canal, and
its sub -divisions.
The most portable of the canal
structures is the Brooks aqueduot,
10,000 feet in length, with capacity
of 900 second -feet, crossing a broad
low depression. The design of this
equeduct is novel, but evidently
based on careful study with a view
to permanence and economy ,of ma-
terial. Practically all of the larger
struotures in the eastern section
have been, or are being, built of
concrete, the ,ohief exception being
several Large wooden flumes. The
drops in ;the canal are of 'substanti-
al design of ,concrete, and embody
features found to be necessary for
this purpose.The 'smaller struo-
tures for distributing water to the
farms of groups of farmer, number--
lug
umbber-ing over a thousand, have not yet
been put in plaoe.. As e. stew noun-
try .develops, itwill be necessary
to ainake a number of &lenges in, the
distribution system, with the re-
sult ,that • by the time 'that the
,smaller wooden Istruetures need re-
newal, there exists such a differ-
ence in methods ,and of traneporta-
tion possibilities that the wood can
then be replaced to advantage with
concrete, At the.: same time the
plans •eaa be modified Ito suit the for those vagrants who have not yet
developments which have (taken become amenable to the scheme, and
place the report concludes with a warning
The area for which waiter is being to the public of the evil of indiscrim•
-
•
EWEll '"NAGS." IN LONDON.
Ins ranee Act One Cause, Says Gov.
erntnent Report
From a report issued by the Isocal
Covernztient Board, it is evident that
the sclxezno devised for dealing with
the homeless people who made. the
Embankment their dormitory is prow-
ing successful, says the (London press. It commenced about eighteen
months ago, and the system is to give
the vagrants tickets for a centre.
whence they are distributed among
casual wards and charitable shelters.
The police natio issue from 1,000 to
1,600 tickets per month. About nine-
tenths of the recipients, apply at the
Central Office on Waterloo Pier; half
of these are sent to the charitable
agencies; and practically all avail
themselves of the shelter provided.
Of those sent to the casual wards
forty per cent. disappear, and it is
significant that the numbers accept-
ing this hospitality are decreasing,
"Evidently," says , the report, "the.
casual wards are not locked upon with
favor by those who sleep out, and the
possibility that the labor task and com-
pulsory bath may be in. some degree
responsible for our figures cannot be
ignored,
Since February, 1910, 'when the num-
ber of men and women in the streets
and sitting up in shelters rose to 2,730,
the figure has fallen to 692 (last Octo-
ber), It is admitted that other factors
besides improved administration may
have influenced the decline, which "nay
be partly due to improvement in trade,
"Other' probable factors," it is add-
ed, "to which variations may be due
are the coming into operation of the
Old Age Pensions Act, the National
Health Insurance Acts, and the insti-
tuti9n of Labor Exchanges."
One important result of the scheme
is that the homeless ones are brought
Under the notice of those who can deal
with them and put them in the way
of earning a livelihood again. Two
cases may be mentioned. A. Civil Ser-
vant who through illness Came down
to the Embankment was put into a
situation at a weal -known caterer's; a
chauffeur who tramped to London to
enlist, but was unable to do so, having
no reference, was put on his feet again,
Sterner measures are recommended
provided, in general, is undulating mating charity.
and -with notable ,slopes towards ----
Bow and Red Deer Riveres•. There TRE HIGH COS'(.' OF LIVING.
are a number of district drainage
lines traversing the country, and At the present time possibly no
topography, as eomared with that other subject is receiving quibeas
of. most of the plains, region, as fav- much attention in Canada as this
orable for a relatively rapid run-off one. It will be a surprise to most
of excess water. The main drain readers to know that during the fis-
age system has been provided in oat year which ended Maroh '31st,
part by 'nature and in part by art, i- ; 1913, Canada paid $11,500,000 in
ficial means duty on food, and all of this large
sum is virtually a direct tax on, the
consumer.
In glancing over the list it is easy
to understand that the buying pub-
lic are themselves largely to blame
in many instances, for (there are
articles fof food produced inCanada
than are equal in every 'respect to
those made in any country in the
world. .
Tn the baking powder line alone
there were 667,904 lbs. imported
into Canada.and thismeans the
consumer paid is duty the enor-
mous sum of $67,000. There are no
better 'goods, in the world in this
line than magic baking powder, and
it is made in a model sanitary up-=•
to-dat•e factory, and can be .pro-
cured in any first-class store at one-
half the price the imported article
sells for.
Such ,article,s as raisins, currants,
and many other things, which do
not grow in Canada, or are rfot pro-
duced here, have of necessity to be
imported, •and lithe duty paid.
If the ,consumer would devote, a
little thought and attention to this
subject a large amount of money
could and would be saved.—Cana-
dials Home J,ourai,al. rs
ti
Problems to be Fated.
The first problem under the pre -
veiling climatic conditions is, first,
,to induce the farmer to
exercise
fo,retbhoitglit and to use waster at the
right time; the second, and even
more difficult, is to gaet hin . be ap-
preciate" the danger of basing too
match water. He is apt to assume
that if a little water is a good
!thing, a large quantity is better,
! whereasthe .larger quantity may
be injurious rte his crop and to his
I
neighbors' fields end ultimately
may necessitate large and other-
wise unnecessary expenditures foe
deepening and extending the
drain s. In order to prevent the
occasion for -these large expendi-
tures for drainage arising, arrange-
ments are made on many of the new
irrigation systems to wdeliver water
on a measured basis, acertain
minimum quantity being obtained
at a flat charge assessed on all
irrigable lands. For example, 50c.
or $1 is to be paid, usually in ad-
vance, whether the irrigable land
receives water tar not, and for this,
say, one ,acre-foot Dan be had. This
minimum is set at the amount
which is eoa sidered to be necessary
for the paroduotion of the average
crop under ordinary conditions,
but it is not enlough to result in
water -logging the soil and in the
oonsequent, demand for drainage.
For ,all quantities inexcessof
this minimum .an addirtion•al. ,charge
is 'made and collected in, advance.
The result is that the irrigator, be-
ing •called upon to pay oat 'his,. mo-
ney when he demands morewater
than the minimum, considers very
carefully as to wh,ethes he really
needs, the water.
A•s:a rule he concludes that he can
get along with a. smaller amount
that he otherwise would ,deean ne-
cessary. Experiments Ihav,e shown
that the largest crop ,yields are ob-
tained with the xninaanum amount,
of water applied, consistent with
suitable 'plant gro,wth, . an l that
while many crops are tolerant sf
oonsiderabie amounts of water, yet
the yield is reduced in quantity band
quality to such excessive applica-
tion.
The eastern section includes a
million acres, out of `which' there
has been. sseleoted ,approximately
440,000 acres, lying in, an altitude
of. from 2y300 to 3,300 feet, and
which anay be irrigated from the
tsystem when completed. The tract
as awhole is e part of the northea,n
great plains, the surface of which
hes been "modified by glacial action,
with resulting heavy underlying de-
posits of ,sand and gravel, and par-
ticularly of elta,y, interspersed with
largo and small. bouldeas, The re-
sulting top soilon the glacial de-
posits is frequently loamy,' usually
very rich, and in ;p aces slight, y
sandy. (,,ver � whetre seenit is of
suitable depth and quality for ex-
cellent oro production, The native
vegetation, largely of various grass-
es, wpm/,s luxuriously whenever
there is an ,adequate supply of
moisture.
YOU CAN S
LATER
And still breakfast on time by using a
'kW Perfection
offiguapmEwlirmicapas
0.11_ -$ to v • .
No fires to kindle—no wood or coal to muss with. : Just
touch a3natch to the wick --then you have all the heat you
want, when you want it. Lessena the labor in the kitchen.
2, 3 and 4 burner sizes, and a new stove with Fireless
Cooking Oven. All hardware and general stores.
Use Royaifte Oil for Rest Results
THE IMPERIAL OIL CO., .Limited
Totonto Ctuobee Retiree Montreal'
St. John Winnipeg Vancouver
ALLOW ME TO PRESENT
MY BEST FRIEND
OYA
YEAST
AKES
_IN BUYING
',EAST CAKE'S•
BE CAREFUL TO
'SPECIFY
ROYAL AhEs Q
DECLINEsu$STITU7Es
e.W.GILLETT CO. LTD.
TORONTO.
WINNIPEG. MONTREAL.
�• :TR
EW6itlFii COMPAM'•1INW
W, TO
;NIP[G ONTO OHpM,NNL
(•,MAtelpsovicAmbeliteabAbliolb.
HOME
M
Selected Recipes.
Blotter Cream Icing and Tilling.
--Make exactly like hard sauce,
with unsalted butter creamed, icing
sugar, and flavoring, but stop add;,
n sugarhard
log before it gets to elle
sauce stage. It must be spread.
easily and about once and a 'half
the amount: of sugar will 'usually be
about, the right measure. .1b must
be thick . enough to stand up. If
no fresh butter is to be procured
make a little by •el -taking .some cream.
in a Mason jar or whipping it to a
butter. Three or -four minutes is
usually all the time it takes to make
this butter if it is to be used imme-
diately.
Three Egg Sponge Batter.—One
cup sugar, one eup flour, one and a
half teaspoons of baking powder,
three eggs, one-third of a cup of
hot water, one-half teaspoon of fla-
voring. Sift the sugar into the mix-
ing bowl and then sift the flour
with the :baking powder in with it
and mix these well together with a
pinch of. salty Beat eggs well and
stir into dry iugredients, then add
the water and finally ebbe flavoring.
Beab for at feast fine minutes and
then pour into buttered and paper-
ed dripping pan. Bake from twelve
to • fifteen minutes, according to
thickness.
If for jelly roll the layer of bat-
ter should not be over o;ne-fourth
of an inch thick. If to he cut. 'in
squares, etc., this amount of batter
will make a cake eight by fourteen
inches of about the right thickness.
It is sufficient .to make two jelly
rolls of this size, but a.. widerand
shorter pan would be better if the
cake was to be used for ;this ` pur-
pose. If to be used for a jelly roll
turn out on sugar sprinkled paper,
out off edges along the length,
cover with warm jelly, and wrap in
cloth,
Little layer cakes of any .shape
niay be made by Butting two pieces
of this cake together with jelly. Cut
always with a hot knife if the cake
is still warm.
If e, butter cream is used with
this cake it must be cooled first, but
if a piece is .split open while yet a
bit warm and the butter cream ad-
ded the cream melts into the 'whole,
enriching it deliciously. Of course,
it mast be cold when butter is
spread on the top.
Coffee • Cream lc:Mg.-Make just
like the butter ere= icing, but add
coffee essence to taste for flavor-
ing and additional sugar to take
up any moisture eesulting. This is
particularly delicious. 'Other fla-
vorings may be used. Orange is
good.
Mirror Chocolate Icing. --Melt
one ounce of chocolate ist about half
a cup of water if over a. thot fire,
less -with 'less fire; add it to a tea-
spoon of butter and boil well. Boils
ing ib with the buttber. makes It
glossy, but if the chocolate contains
all of its own oil it oan •contain it
will throw the added butter out,
when it can be poured off. When
this is cool ,add half a cup of silted
icing •sugar, or more if eeeclhd. This.
will keep bright and glossy for a
dayenly and is good for chocolate.
eclairs and. Tittle cakes cut out, fill-
ed or not, and covered with chow -
lets. These ,always set off a plate
of offerings ,at tea and are usually
the ,soonest to disappear.
Omelet Surprise. — Cut out a
foundation of the above cake in
any preferred., shape—round, ouel,
square or oblong. Put this on a
dash as a cushion for the mold of
ice cream of whatever sort, Turn
the ice cream out on it, cover it
with pp. ordinary tmeriligue smooth-
ed with ,a, knife, leaving it every-
where of an even thickness of two -
CRAFTY SNAKES.
instance of the Wisdom of the South
African Eggeater.
The South African snake called the
eggeater has inherited from long gen-
erations of ancestors a sense of smell
so acute that it appears never to be
at fault. Professor Fitzsimons, direc-
tor of the Port Elizabeth Museum,
gives in his book on "The Snakes of
South Africa" an interesting instance
of the wisdom of these serpents.
Being short of fresh pigeons' eggs
once, 1 went to my cabinet and took
the clean blown shells or a few doves'
eggs. Beating up the contents of a
fowl's fresh egg, I syringed them into
the empty shells, and carefully pasted
tiny bits of tissue paper over the holes.
1 put these in the egg-eatera.',•,cage, and
watched, for 1 expected the snakes to
swallow then as they did the other
eggs. First one eggeater advanced,
Ile touched each egg gently in turn
with the tip of his nose or the point
of his forked tongue, and crawled away
in disgust. Another and yet another
eagerly advanced, repeated the per-
formance, and straightway retired, 1
began to get interested. Leaving the
eggs, I returned fn a few hours' time
to find them still there.
For tv whole weeks those eggs re-
mained an the cage untouched al-
of cornstarch, one-half cup of su-
gar, one-fourth cup of butter, one
egg, flavorto teaks. &iald the
milk, add sugar and butter, then
the cornstarch mixed with a little
cold ?Walk. When thickened :pour
on slightly beaten egg and spread.
between a .square of the above cake;
split ie twos Leave until cream
soaks well into the oake,. Powder
the top with icing'-stigar and -serve.
To this cream may be added nuts
chopped, half a cup of pecans chop-
ped, or in may be flavored in vari-
ous ways. A ;handful of filberts.
cooked in a caramel of sugar and
then ground makes a most flavor-
ous
avorDios and delicious flavoring for this
or for a •richer cooked cream. Bana-
nas, or even oranges, if it is to be
setrveel within.a. few hours, may be
added.
though I refrsiued feign g ging. the thirds ofgn inche es,prate is if lou
shakes an others. Then f protaut'e car's, to •co so, 5Fai th le tai ,h powder-
some fresh pigeons' eggs and put them
into the cage. The snakes approached,
touched them with their noses or
tongues, and instantly began to swal-
low them. 1 tried this experiment a
second time with the same result, Pz'e-
quently I have noticed that the snakes
would eat some of the eggs that f gave
them, and Meet others. On breaking
the latter orient I „always found that
hey were either addled or else had a
partially developed young bird inside.
1 could never induce an eggeater to
swallow an egg that was not perfet:tly
fresh.
act's up to the inan who would live
tang to live ,slowly,.
MERCHANTS BANK.
Half a Century In
Business
The 1VLerehants Bank of Canada
has just completed fifty years of
business in Oanada and has cele-
brated the : half century mark by
showing the best report in, its his-
tory. Net profits for the year
amounted to $1;218,694, which i5
equal to 17.8 per Dent. on the aver-
age paid-up capital for the year.
Taking into account the average of
both capital and the rest a000unt,
which amounted to $13,348,100, floss
Bank earned 9.13 per ccent., which
is a trifle less, than was earned dur-
ing the previous year. In view of
the fact that the year, which just
closed; ; was asomewhat trying one
for the banks, the ,showing made by '
the Merchants Bank is considered
highly satisfactory. For a consider-
able portion of the year, Canada, in
common .with other countries, en-
eountered a period of depressione.
which interfered with. they earnings
of the banks. Exact comparisons
with previous years is difficult to
maloe, owing to the fact that the
flees], year of the bank was changed
from, November 30t1h to April. 30th
and the statement issued previous
to the present one covered a period
of but five. anoizths.
An examination of the report
shows that gains were made in all
departments of the bank's activi-
ties.. For -the first time in the his-
tory of the bank, .the reserve fund
equals the paid-up capital, each of
these now standing et $7,000,000, a
considerable gain over the showing
for the previous year. They bank's
cashtholdings are $1,500,000 greater
than at the end of April., 1913,
while savings; deposits have increas-
ed by $2,600,000. The .b•ank's cur-
rent loans increased during the
year by over $1,000,000, and aarow
amount to $54,700,000, indicating
that the 'bank has been doing its, full
share by catering to the•commercial
needs of the communities in which
its branches are located. The total
sselts ,show again of almost $2,500,-
000, and now amount to, $83,120,000,
During the y=ear the. bunk issued
mew stock, on which the premium
amounted to $180,000, which, with
the net earnings of $1,218,000 and
balance brought forward amounting
to $401,000, made $1,800,000 avail-
able fof.-,.distribution. Dividend re-
quiremeit�i:s absorbed $686,000, pro-
fit and loss $580,000, bank prenu.ses
account $1, 000,000, officers pensions',.
fund $50,000, written off for depre-
ciation • in bonds and, investments
$1353000, leaving $248,000 to be
carried Forward. ' A feature of the
bank's report was the. large ptopoz•-
tion of quiokly available asisets,
which represent over . 36 per ,cent.
of its total liabilitiesto the puiblio•.
This is a satisfactory showing, ,espe-
cially in view of the recent financial
stringency. Alto,the show,
maga by tine 'ban k as most ,encour-
agang, as, It. shows that good bank-
ing pea,etace aai,c1I. careful conserve,
two management characterized• tike
year•'e operations•, At. the ,annual
niestng it was also decided to es-
tablish a .l•Iolding Company fo :the,
,purpose of taking ever and m ne,g-
ing the pro/sloes utilized bjf th ,
bank for the housing of the various
offices. The olid Board weret reg
elected, and, at a subsequent i feet-
ting, Sir H. Montagu :Allan was re.
elected President and K. W. Black.
well, Vice -President.
A. bigamist, says at wit, is a mar
who hae more wives than judgments
ed sugar, and set in a shot oven ter
brown, but not long enough for the.
heat to reach the ice . underneath,
Serve at once. Individual portions
are` easiest For the inexperienced
to manage.
Sweet Rusk.—J+or the invalid
slices of this type of calve 'toasted
are an agreeable tea aecoxnpani.
meat and ,eniinently wholesome and
nourishing. They are more pti4,a-
t'a,ble than the bread rusks or zwie-
back. Each slice may or may not
be sprinkled with powdered ,sugar
befor,e toasting.
--
One .Egg Cooked Cream. t— One
cup milk, one and a half teaspoons