HomeMy WebLinkAboutExeter Advocate, 1911-8-10, Page 2'14,1
Hints for Busy liousekeel)ers
Redpes d Other Valtia.ble fnfermatIma
of Particular letterest to Womee Folks.
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DAINTY' DISHES, .
Sie all eold vegetables, icud'-
ng ehep them, then fre"
the 'all aliberel seasoning
of salt and pepper.
Bice reed Raisin Pedd-Make
a rive pudding in the usual wey.
When balf eooked add a goed
bandrui kitunled raiaies, site in
carefully, cover the top of the pud-
ding with a thin layer of bread -
crumbs, and on it put little bits
tef butter. Bake till the rice is
e‘oked thoreughey„
Grape jam should be made from
fraft growe out of doore. Waeh
the fret ,t;':4it-4111,y ad $tew geetly
till tender, then peas through a.
/ sinleve.a To every pound of
pelp allow eie poued uflealoaregar.
Brieg to the bail end eeok fast for
mil/tires, Pour into pets
ver tonee With egged
1, a liet'o len/tee-peel
) the preaerve,
y be e
Se‘eryree i a i'ery nee ebange
IrLm the ordinate- rlee peeldieg.
Wesh tree *emcee of riee and boil
it in mill; till quite temier, ad-
ding pepper and st Butte
dish, f-pl:"Z;t1 halg the rhe un it,
ene oneee of cheese tm
edd the rest of the rive, Feltter the
st of the eheese en the top, put
t tie bits of butter over, and brown
a quiek even. The rice may be
okediu stink with a tlavorieg of
-egetables instead of milk.
t' vest -a- Thie is e geed
ray v,f.tJ
a. P.
*--
insert a knitting-eeedle, and if, it
is perfectly ean, then the cake
is done,
'USEFUL HINTS,
A little lard in the starch will do
much toward keeping irens from
sticking to the clothes.
' Save the far from all meats and
poultry and use in place of lard,
exeept for pie and biseuit.
Steanueg is far better than lami-
ng for fiehfowl, and meat. Try
is Inethed and you will be unwil-
flng to give at up.
To stop nosebleed -Place a piece
of brown or 'tissue paper over the
I teeth ef the upper jaw and the
bleedieg will stop at OP.ee.
Oae honsekeeper says she pats a
rolled reeker into a squash pie for
thickening when she has no egg,
aed the reselt is good.
To Fry Been 'Without Shrivel -
e -Lay amps with edges aliginly
overlappmg in a cold fry pan and
fry slowly until erisp.
When the drawers of the ser. chiffonier, etc„ stick, remove
the drawer and rub the slide$ well
with paraffin and savo yaur tem-
per,
TIIE SIJNOAY SCI1001. STUDY
TE1LN 'ilTONAL LESSON,
ALTOUST 13.
Lessen TIL-Jeltoialtim, Beres the
Prophet's Book, Jere 36. Golden
Text, Ise. 40. 8.
Verses 1-10-Jeremia1i'a roll dic-
tated to Baruch, and read to the
people.
1, The fourth year of Jehoiakina-
About B. g. 005, :It is likely these
events occurred after Jerusalem
became subject to Nebuehadnezzar.
Jeremiah had already prophesied
this disaster and the prolonged eap-
tivity which was to follow. The
people were in a state of fear, anti
it was aa= opportune moment for
the prophet to repeat the -warnings
whieh he had -tittered from time to
time for many years.
2. Take thee a roll,. And write
-A similar command came to
Isaiah, but in his ease the roll was
rather a tablet, covered with wax.
Jeremiah's roll was made of pieces
of elain stitehed together, and at-
tached to rollers of wood on each
end, On this, in columns parallel
-t the rollers; he was to inscribe
the words of his propheeies, utter-
ed during the twenty-three years of
his public eareer. These utteranee$
are recorded in the chapters
precede this one. NO doubt there
• e certain amount of condensation
A strip of emery taeked to a small as he would have to rely partly up -
square beard is almost intlispen- OP memory and partly upon frag-
sable in the kitchen, for one can menters records.
quickly aharpen the earving knife 3. It may be that the hoese of
•el. it. Judah will hear -The same offer of
When stewing pears add the nue pardon as was made previously
hallo)/ and the grated rind, and u (compare Jer. 26. 3). The attaele
-o inches of cinnamon to everal by Nelmehadnezzar ought to have
, iglit or twelve pears, accortlieg to inteesified this appeal.
size, 5. 1 an shut up -Not imprisoned
I
Witle-meuthed bottea l 11 (ace verse 10), as in jer. 33. 1 and
' better for keeping tacka than 1nres,elsewhere, but restrained by some
The one ean tell at a glance IA cause, pre$uniably by the people's
ether the inek Is of the desired indignation over his recent predie-
;length, tions.
A ' good -1 'ti a eabbage is 0. The fastaday-A day eapecially
-tile as follows: One egg, tme appointed in coeneetion with the
blespoon -mustard, imlf cup /ennational danger.
ate, half cup sweet milk, salt and 0. In the ninth month -December.
epper to taste. It was perhaps the first aneiver-
Bicarbee'ate vf soda hou1d be sary of the capture of the city. The
und in every house, and in a only stated legal fast took place in
conspicuous place. F ir burns there the seventh month.
is nothing better, as it quickly re- 10. Gemariah-He was brother of
lieves the peel, the friendly Ahlkam, mentioned in
Rot water .in mixing batter has a the last lesson. The place of read=
tendency to make cake whiter. ing described was one that would
Spenge cake. which sboeld be as be most likely to bring the mes-
/
vellow as peasible, is better made sage 'ithin the bearing of all the
with cold water, people coming in from the cities of
Tv prevent. matting from becom- Jedali at the new gate.
ing yellow on the floor, wash off 11-19-lbe roll also read in the
oceasitmally with a large coarse Presence of the Princes.
eloth which has been dipped in a 11. Micaiah-11; WitS in the door
strong aolution of salt water, of his father's chamber that the
When eggs are frozen in the wie- book was read, and the son car-
ter putting them in cold water will vied the news of what had taken
draw out the frost. If a frozen place to ' is father, who was other -
egg must be boiled, put salt in the wise engaged in another chamber
water and it will not run out of with the princes of Judah. For the
the shell. position of these leading men, see
Cook a can of tomatoes slowly last lesson.
with several slices of baton. if E. He went down -From the
already fried, all the better. Add temple to the king's house, which
an onion cut fine, bread crumbs, stood on lower ground. Elnathan
and seasoning. Makes an appetiz-
was spoken of in the last lesson.
ing change.
15. Sit down now, and read it --
a
When the knob comes off your There are seral evidences that
granite pot lid, leaving a hole for
steam to ceeape and burn your
fingers, take a common screw, put
up from underside, screw into a
cork-, and behold a TICW lid!
Gut new napkins apart; double
them lengthwise and dip the raw
edges into boiling water to the
depth of one inch; then hang them
up to dry without wringinc, They
will fold ,and hem easily.
Borax, in the first place, is one
of the most powerful antiseptics
known. When used to wash the
head -as much as one can hold in
the hollow of the hand to about a
quart of water -it d stroys dan-
druff. .
Most eurinary failures eeme from
the habit of guessing. Weigh ev-
erything, that is to be weighed and
measure carefully all the other in-
gredients. Do this even if you have
made the article repeatedly.
Tbe poisonous articles to keep
mice away are dangerous if there
are children. Mice do not like the
smell of peppermint, and a little
oil of peppe,rmint spread around and this was filled with Charcoal
their hiding places will keep them (much like a warming -pan) for heat-
away.-ing purposes. Jehudi had unrolled
. Good Furniture Poish-Drain only a few coltunns (leaves) when
of your leftover coffee, and when the king, in spite of the interces-
you have a c uart mix with a table- sion of sonic of the princes ruth-
spoonful of sweet oil. Wash •the lessly cut the roll into shreds with
13
xtb
Put
t ere berween two eroutous,
them together. &atter j ars
veeh, and if you ean spare it seine
chopped hnrd-boiied eggs.,..71lake
het,
and serve.
Vegetable Seep. -Place an ()epee
of butter in a frying -pan. Slice
into it a small = nice/. one carrot,
lane tortilla zind two putatoea. Stir
till ;ill the Vt:gettibles are slightl,‘
broweed, then plate them in a stew -
pan, add two tableePneauls of rice
tied two quarts of cold water.
Simmer gently for one hour
and a half and strein through
a wire -ieve. Return to the sauce-
pan, add two tablespoonfuls of
cornflour meletened with cold
water. Stir continuously till it
then add a seasoning of pep-
per and salt, and serve.
Meat jelly is most no-urishing for
4111SoTle who has tired of beef tea
Cut two pounds of shin of beef into
ama31 pieces about the size of nets,
teieefelly rejecting all fat; add a
lite salt, place it in a eovered
jar. which put into a saucepan of
boiling water, and let it stew gent-
ly for eight hours, adding more
water to the saucepan when re -
mitred. About an hour before tak-
ing it up stir in half an ounce of
isinglass: strain and press through
a sieve. then put aside for use. Be-
fore serving, scrape off every par-
tiele of fat that may have risen to
the top.
cape-)
nec
ne ant
4
but:
taste.
HINTS ON CAKE -MAKING.
In every branch of cookery the
greatest care must be exercised to
follow the rules exactly, and in-
gredients must all be weighed, not
thrown in haphazard quantities
anyhow but precisely in the man-
ner indicated. Attention to little
things may mean the complete sue -
cess of the cake. ,
Everything used in cake -making
must be perfectly free from damp.
or the result mill be heaviness and
generally a "sad" condition, as
"Yorkshire people say.
In mixing sugar and butter heat
the latter gently before beginning
and in mixing eggs and sugar do
not attempt to add more than three
eggs without adding a little flour
every now and then.
Some fruits, such as cherries, are
better when rubbed with thin.' so
as to prevent their sinking to the ,
bottom of the lin.
Flour should be perfectly free
'from lumps:, currants and raisins
cleared and dried.
All tics should be well buttered
and in case of scorching it is a good
plan -to cover them with a piece of
parchment paper.
As much care is necessary in the
baking as 3n the mixing. Sponge
and all /light cakes, with those
small ones baked in patty tins, re-
quire a quick ovee, Whilst ordi iary
cakes of the sill Lana and seed
species are most successful when
cookcd in a moderate oven. The
even sheuld not be opened until
nt least twenty minutes after the
ealic'hao been put in, and if it hag
be closed again it nmst be done
ge.tt,y.
thc
cake npjieari, eoked
the princes looked with favor upon
Jeremiah and his attendant.
Baruch's position was the one or-
dinarily assumed by an Oriental
teacher (see Matt. e. 1). *
17. How.. clitist thou write ?--Tney
desired to know precisely how intum
responsibility rested upon Baruch',
and how much upon Jeremiah, in
order that they Might give a true
account to the king.
20 -20 -The reading of the roll be-
fore the king.
21. Stood beside the king -L. -Liter-
ally, "above the king,' be being
seated; while the princes were
standing.
22. The winter-libuse--Both
suip-
mer and winter houses were
joyed by these people of the EaSts:,;
But .they Were .altiost always sep-
arate parts of the Same house. lin
general, the inner, ,ot protected
portion, of the house, was Used in
winter, While the external (Often.
upper) ,and airy peet of the house
seiA,ed for summer.
23. The brazier',A deptess3on
was built in the centre of the- room
furniture with this and polish with a suite's knife (penknife) and
a dry cloth. TI the co.ffee' is strong threw it into the fire.
it will cover all seratelie.S. 24. They Were not afraid --- The
If buttonholes ha-ve to lae made On king's contern it for Jehovah's mes-
a material that frays badly, pro- sa., inspired them with t
ern wi no error.
ceerl as follows Mai* tifie P'esitlion Howc't' iffercnt had been the con -
of buttonhole with a thread, then d,, ,t of j hefak;,,,, father, Josiah
run a line of machine stitching
around the thread.' Then cut the
hole an..d buttouhole it -in the usual
mariner. .
A white felt hat which is requir-
ed to do duty for a second ',season
maic- be easily cleaned witb •pow -
.when the Bock of. the . Law was,
found. . With a.,'sad 'heart'he rent
Pis 'garments. Through this act'
was proclaimel
'the.,sealing of its doom'
It. Wag' Ged"s fitial'rircriff er''Of inereY'
--tO
dered
it with 'cold wale.. „ over the concerning the- • f '
. . a. paste 0.1". Write the., - to• :adtt*-a'thre'et''
soiled parts: When quite dry.brushtei,ty.
it of 'with.a clean. bnnsh. 2TliekingOf. Babylon shalF
certainly come. This, of course,
does not mean that the Babylon-
ian king had not come already.
His
His attack upon Jerusalem in the
first instance, a year or so before
this, was by no means as severe
as that which Jeremiah here pre-
dicts. The fulfillment took place
in a few years, in the reign of Je-
hoiakim's son, Jehoiachin, and still
further in the wasting of the city
at the end of the reign of Zedekiah.
30. one to sit upon the throne
of David-Jehoiachin, within three
months from his accession, -was hur-
ried -away a captive to Babylon.
No child of his suCceeded to the
throne.
MAKING SAFE INVESTMENTS
DISTRthunos OF RISK 'FIRST
AIM OV WISE INVESTOR.
Investing Not So Easy as It Soends
--Why Farm Investnienta are
Not More Popular -Return Too
Low -Reason Small Investor
Should Try Something: Else.
There is, in Chnada, a growing amount
Of capital. wilieh. is seeking investment,
The experience of the United St.vms aur.
His dead body ahall be east out ing a similar period of an existence, When
-The assertion in 2 Kings 24. 6 th4. the. lack: of investment lotowletige enabled
4. sharpers of the "get-richi-quielt" type to
he "slept with his fathers" is in steal hundreds of millions of dolle:rs from
no way controdictory to this pro- Itee isNe11747e,o‘for .(111'hrif".' has lifIlloatIIP:v5d1.
pheey. The same account is silent future some space ersicr rerekt(t)ot
C011eerrring his burial, The fact that
Barech Mcluded this in Jeremiah's
prophecies, after the death of Je-
hoiakim, shows that he felt no dif,
fiellity as to its fulfillment. Kiags
and Chronicles both give only brief
Recounts of these times.
32. Another roll -Its contents
are doubtless preserved for as, to
a large extent, in the book of Jere-
miah
as we have it, eheptora 1-35,
MODERN IDEAS ABOUT SLEEP..
Many Persons Take TOO :11.11011 Olt
-The Nature of Dreama.
lieation ot investment information. To
this end they haye secured tho services
of one of the foremost financial writers
in Canada to fill this column each week
with general information on financial
subjects in the hope that it will prove
useful in twining Our readers to Judge
for themselves the merits of investments.
The fonowing article is introductory in
nature. During the nextfew mouths the
Various kinds of investments will be
dealt with and their good and bad points
criticized. For example she merits of
mortgages will be contrasted with those
of bond n and investment storks of various
sorts, Tile proper sort of izavestiteents for
women will also cowin for SonSider:A^
tiOn, These will not be dry, teepppoo
artietes hot will be interesting and situ -
pe anti may save ,-on front muting, your
faolleY into losing ventures at some
ammo time. The impartial and reliable
oharfleter of the information in this ea -
man may bo depended upon.The writer
af OleSu artielea una tite publisher of tins
paper have no other interests to sere in
qouneotion with tins matter. -
-
(By ''Investor-')
The man who remarked,
Al-
mts'-t any fool ean make a fortune,
but it takes a wise man to keep
Sleep is PO longer imlefinitely
considered a wandering abroad of
the S0111, writes Fred W. Eastman
in the Atiantie, but i$ tiow known
to be a temporary poisoning of the
brain cells by the waste products
resultingaeti‘tiofidtliit-eboingtchiyeidnagyenfie-oriartl, tho it," was much mare than half in held in her hand would sink on
Thus when a muscle, cell or a feottir-tnueeset.*N‘oll-ellet $'11bikneedeeKteaetiloltgolat'
nerve cell nets nutritive material of sanjoge, doe a not mean reerelY
stored. within its walla is broken keeping it Safe. A well-ehosen Itole
dowe into ,substanees that are of no 'in the ground will do that. But, Boiling water \nos, used in or,
Nrla. 0210tillorteila141011y14 ticrees:c'eelll ao to noveat ones money that it not
washed out by the blood stream ?,11111?:1 sr171171slit:::isti'74311";1,c°bIlulte''aliscwabil;h1Qgl'is-
nwen,iyenechttfotiz, sannindo„,istimilnealpki,soietistel t<q11 whieh takes much thought.
purified by the excretory organa', "'Iovestthacl:11.7algiaes no '° man, thc t:leeralTir
In the course of the day, bow- 111Illee"TaInsInfit*e ji‘lSlaQtrt.tehl.411' shlalAo'et, we"11:1'
the lungs and the kitineya.
neivoe/%1Pailluteltiel tilsmileVogxgal34 01
fffereet- the tientlnal 11"siliPcjiletgl l't?tlelkl:'-w'NI:lelnielevinl
in
oh3f. tliaretaigeuesubilsitametelee is manifested vulvas taking a eertain amount of
soles and brain; chance -would be inueli teo mild a
the extreme degrees of which re- word, To others. investment at
sults, in the latter organ, in the in- once briegs up thoughts of wort -
ability to ad, which NVO now know gages, yet between these two ex-
tremeS-the well-seeured farm
mortgage on the one hand, and the
highly speculative mining stock on
the other -lies a great field of op-
portunity supplying a variety of in-
vestments to suit all taates and all
requirements.
lug always ain't to divide the risk,
This "distributiorr of risk," as
is called, is the first step of the
wise man who aims to keep hit
"fortune" big or little.
TRIALS ET WATER.
A Dia-fiat:11y Unpleasant Way of.
t
previug One's Innotenee.
Throwing people into Ole, water
i
to let it determine their innoeence;
or guilt was widely in use in the,/
I
seventeenth and eighteenth cell, -
tunes, A Synod of West Prussia. .
forbade its use in 1745. Sporadic'
cases however, occurred during'
the w'hole of the nineteenth een-
tury. ;1
Prof. E. P, Evans wrote in 3.895'
of its use in Dalmatia, where in
some districts it was still custom-
ary to throw all the women into'
the water on a, specified day to see
whether, they would sink or Swim.'
A rope was attached to each in
order to save from drowning time°
who proved their innoeence by
sinking, while those believed to be
guilty because they floated wero
alao rescued and. made to promise
to forsake their evil ways oe pain
of beieg stoned.
A traveller has described a nod -
03:11 survival of the -ordeal used in
detecting thieves in southern Res.
sia, says the Diotetie and Hygi-
enic Gazette, All the eeevante of
the household where the robbery
occurred were assembled and as
many balls of bread were made as
there were auspected peraoris.
A soreeress then addressed each
one of the number, saying that the
particular ball of bread whieh she
swim as the party addreased was
guilty or innoceut, She then filing
it into tlio water,
as :deep. The third of our time
tus spent out of commission is
I therefore eeally due to the inade-
qiuley of, the excretory organs for
purifying the blood.
Perhaps, on account of popular
opinion and personal habit, we
waste nanch time in a jellyfish con-
dition that would be more profit-
ably spent in active pursuit of our
ambitions. The answer of course
depends upon the nature of our oc-
eupation, If there is nruch muscu-
lar effort involved with a corms-
pondieee large amount of waste in
the cells and blood, eight hours' or
more are probablypiecessary.
But if our work: is Of a fietlentary
nature and mainly of the brain
there is .naturally a smaller quan-
tity of accumulated waste and less
time is required for its removal.
Many are the instances of great
men, past, and present; who have
lived healthfully and worked un-
ceasingly and strenuously on only
four or five hours sleep, or half the
laborer's portion.
Dreams are due to an increase of
sensation and circulation over
that which exists in profound sleep.
Observations made upon. patients
with cranial defects show that
when -we are dreaming the brain is
greater iri volume than in deep
sleep, and less than when we are
awake. Thus this intermediate
volume of blood would indicate
that dreams are an intermediate
stage between unconsciousness and
wakefulness, and,-_ their incomplete
and irregular intelligence would
indicate the same thing.
'This increased circulation is us-
Aally due to sensory stimulation
af-
f4scting the Yasoinotor centre and
&using a return of blood to - the
head, With resultant increased con-
sciousness. Contrary to popular
belief dreams, in ;themselves do not
contribute to light or broken sleep
ity•whieli they are present.
Such, a ,coriditOn is due to the
ever present stimuli, ' Which ,Jiccord-
ing.to their Strength or th.e degree
Of irritability:Of the bells .maintain
even in sleep a varying' degree of
cons.eiousneSs, of whibh.. the dreabs-
are merely a manifestation. -fore the, fatiguing ' effect often also
attributed to -drezins is not due to
them but to the lighter degree of
sleep,and less complete ecu teStor-
ation Which -they', a:aeon:many, anti
which are .due to ,serne irritation.
LONDON:S. GREAT ECII1',SALES.
An interesting sight in London' is
deals by the Persiana and it is
referred to itt the. Aveeto„ It eon-
tained both the saered elements,
water and fire, Suggesting the tie,
Inge past and the fiery doom of the
future. In the simpleet form of
the riot Water tea the bare arm
was plunged to the wrist in trivial,
eases, and to the elbow in more
aerious trials, usually to bring out
'rings er mills thrown therein,
In Tibet plaintiff and defeedant
settle their cause judicially by
plunging their arms into hailing
water containing a black and a
white stone, when he who brings
up Hie white stone wins the verdict.
A King of the Goths in the seventh
century. /rith the sanction of the
Council of Toledo, recommended
the bailing test for crime.
INTERron or TILE EARTH'.
WHAT ARE INVESTMENTS? Hardly as Mit& Known About it as 41L1/
About the Stars.
Now, as to what constitute in
vestments.
Strictly speaking, an investment
is anything which we may buy that
will bring us in an income, and
retain its value, i.e., can be dis-
posed of withont material loss.
Thus, the purchase of a good farm
which may be leased or worked so
as to bring in a good return an
its cost, is an investment. But
this is a very small and relatively
unimportant field for the investment
of our money. Not •everyone has
sufficient capital to buy a farm,
and, as a rule, the rental of a
farni is not a high enough return
on the investment to make it worth
while. For one must remember
that out of tine return sufficient
must be laid away each year to
rebuild all buildings at the end of,
say, thirty years. Part of the re-
turn from rent represents a- pay-
ment for depreciation on buildings,
etc., which, despite repairs every
year, eonie that much nearer the
time when they must be rebitilt.
Perhaps if they are well consttuct-
ed, thirty years is too short a time
I to allow, but it is never unwise to
err on the side of safety.
There is, however, in addition to
the small return and the risks of a
dishonest or unfortunate leasee,
one very sound reason why a per-
son with limited capital should not
invest in farm real estate, unless,
of course, he is a farmer, who in-
tends to Operate it himself; and in
this case a high return - on the
amount invested ,represents bo no
small extent the payment to the
farmer of his own salary --though
many do not reallize this faet-----and
varies in proportion with his skill
as an husbandman, as any farmer
knows. Everyone kn )vs the 1,1
adage, that it is foolish to pat all
one's eggs in one basket; theSaille
applies to investments, but with
greatly increased forlce.1 One should
never, under any circumstances, So
invest money that, should a fire, a
failure. or other unforeseen acci-
rj e of the great pe no ea,es o \':etaini.1 ti 1.`f,vi'Lb'itii.idel sib e, \o,e1.1;:ys:•samOadlii_..
wmaamrielFlkotii,Isse jainctl,hfueristy'nelidheatmaagf,itii:sho,uld be -erse fill e And in this ,distribu_
tude of the trade and the ,vast
amount of money involved would it be remembered to
$urprise any one who yi.$itecl one, sr/lean cover a wide ii,-lc''-
nlv
of
ftlp,icrs,eoms.ia,.e,essiIfI,oc,t.r ItelaetfiQristt:ctrilm,e6 :0\in 7:L10011.1i ,ctaa:/:,osj this mther, etn affect
Centr
would
they once elk/tiled lived.
croo
mci-
sands of skins until °le bet,in- would
not affect b
wpolioTen:ealvn: tlINIalnitetii:e:u„:faaronli:c311:cou3preofieotflOi , sf the urei
. „
Ell). 2 ' ISSUE '31- 1- tholailit of, -Thee rti 4f11
# v asent1nte Arneiea,
Te interior of the earth is scarce -
more, accessible than the stars to
direct experimentation, and is less
known through valid indirect evi-
dence. Some information is given
by earthquake shocks which,
though local in origin, shake the
whole earth. By collating the re-
cords of seismegraphs in various
places it has been learned that the
velocity of the earthquake wave is
three or four iniles per second in
the upper strata, of the earth and
more than ten miles per second in
the central nucleus.
The earth, as a whole, may be
compared to a great spherical bell
which when struck makes only two
or three complete vibrations per
hour. As the .note emitted by a
piano string depends on its length,
thieltness, and tension, so the
"note" of the earth bell and the
velocity of waves .in its different
parts give some indication of the
state of the concentric strata of
which the -earth is composed.
The information thus obtainedis
very incomplete, and scientists have
endeavored to fill its voids by meanv,
of Various plausible hypotheses. A
review of our present knowledge of
the earth, recently presented to a
French Scientific Society, contains
two remarks of especial interest,
concerning the variations et] grav-
ity.rr,aiondpressure in the earth's
.interior.
If a shaft were, sunk vertically
to the centre of the earth antl an
objeet, suspended from a spring
balance, were lowered doWn the
shaft, the weight of the object, as
indicated by the dial of the bal-
ance, would first increase, as the
descending object approached the
deeper and denser strata. After
passing a 'certain depth, however,
the weight would begin to diminish
to the centre and it would continue
to diminish to the (-.:entre of the
:
airretcht,ioNnv.here its value would be
there be equally attracted in every
zero, because thobject would
e,
The pressure increases enormous-
ly with increasing
depth below the
earth's surface'. It must be about
200,060 atmospheres at a depth of
400, miles (3-10 the earth's radius),
4,000,000 atmospheres at 2,000 miles
(half the radii/0 and more than 1,-
000,000 "atmospheres at the centre.
At such pressures the materials of
the earth uhough heated -above
their meltin" points, 'are, itrobably,
or steel. Hence 'the 'velbeity of
'quasi -solid and as as ,.glas.s
ed theveloeitfY .sott'irtelsiain'toisrtd'eulx--
propagations , )) a ion ,
ary ,s6lids such as at iron, in
which it is 20,000 feet per seond.•
e
t.
15