HomeMy WebLinkAboutExeter Advocate, 1906-12-13, Page 6THE SOURCE OF TRUTFil
THE
NOTVS AND CONUVIENTS
view of declarations made recently
be Si' floury Caumbeliniannermate•the
Prime Minister, and Me, Asquith, Chan„
Geller or the Exehetmer, there seems to
bo no doubt that the Liberal tetvetele
mein is determined to alive an C.1c1 Age
Pension bill through the House of Com
mons before dissolving the present Par-
liament, Replying to a deputation ol
members of the lower House, the Pre,
mier announced that the matter of old
age pentons would be taken up as soon
as lime and money should permit. In-
asmitele as objection on tee there of a
lack of funds weeld naturally be pressed
most strongly by the Chaneellor of the
Exchequer, the same deputation re
garde(' as peculiarly encouraging Mr.
Asquith's assurance thatenothing was
• nearer his heart, than the desire to alb -
Mit a financial plan for such pensions.
He added that the elinistry eleemed the
question one of extreme urgency.
There are more and tactical reasons
why the expediency of taking up tbe
• matter or pensions for superannuated
workmen should commend itself to the
Liberal Government at this time. To
glance at the mesons in their order, it
is evident that England cannot much
longer afford to lag far behind Ger-
many as regards onsideration for that
large section of the population which
-.Veers itself out in the service- of capi-
gal. She cannot, afford much longer 'to
legislate on the egoistic principle taken
tor granted in the query: "Am I my
brother's keeper?" Especially would an
ellitude of indifference be inopportune
lust now, when the remarkable results
4! Bismarck's pension legislation have
been given to the world on the twenty-
Efth anniversary of the formulation of
his programme. The intention em-
bodied in that programme was, it- will
be recalled, that tele State should sys-
tematically assist working people by
accident, illness and old age insurance.
Now it appears from the statistics
publithed last month that no less a sum
than $555,000,000 has been paid out .in
Germany during the last twenty years
for illness; $232,000,000 for accident,
and $13,500,000 for old age. If the' last
amount seems comparalively small, we
should bear in mind that the great ma-
jority of the workmen insured have not
yet reached the age limit at which pen-
sions begin. If frona the total expendi-
ture we turn to the 'number of benefi-
ciaries, we find that since the pension
acts became operative, two decades ago,
no fewer than 60,000,000. persons have
profite.d by Bismarck's legislation. Of
• course, the Socialists ,criticise these re-
sults, ,partly because in their opinion
much more might be accomplished, and
partly because they allege that by mak-
ing any move at all in this direction the
old Chancellor tried to steal their thun-
der. Unbiassed onlookers, on the other
hand, recognize the tranquillizing ser-
vice rendered to the nation by the pen-
sion legislation, and credit it with be-
ing the principal cause of the measure of
contentment with which the working
population of Germany bears the griev-
ous burden of conscription.
In England recent events have made it
plain to leaders of the old political
parties that the working popueation
must be reckoned with, and that if its
• discontent and restlessness are to be
allayed they must take a leaf from Die,
marck's book. Mr. Joseph Chamberlain
awakened to the fact some years ago,
end he is personally committed to old
-age pensions, while other conspicuous
Unionists have said that they would not
oppose pension legislation •but for the
strain to which they feared it would
subject the imperial exchequer. It is,
however to the Liberals that the neces-
sity of conciliating the working people
of Great Britain by substantial and im-
pressive concessions has been brought
directly home by the unexpected and
severe reverse which they encountered
the other day at the municipal elections,
not only in Greater London, but all over
England. The reverse means that the
Liberals must postpone a dissolution of
Parliament until they can appeal to the
electors on an issue more relevant and
telling than the Edueation bill, which
only the Protestant Nonconformists
favor in its Government. form.
An Old Age Pension bill would he
More popular with. the foiling messes of
the British people than any other hill
that could be framed. Especially would
ties be the case if Prime Minister Ban-
ner/nen should carry out his expressed
intention of proposing a law freed from
the eentrihutory feature of the 131s-
marcician sebeme, to • which German,
workmen have objerited on aocount of
the inquisitorial machinery lavraved.
Obviously, the establishment old ago
pension. in Great Britain would give a
notable impetus to the agitation for
Minna legislation in Frantic and else.
where,
:finks:, °Why are you for ever bother
-
'rig me about that bill I owe you ?"
Minks ; "I need the Money," jinks
"then you ought to be ablo to Sp/ma-
nlier: with Me, 1 need the motley, too,"
KnaMedge of (iod Is the First Re=
quisite of Virtue
. Know thou the Cod of thy fathers
end serve film with an entire heart and
with a willing soul.--Chronieles xxii„
0.
From a scriptural point o!view, know-
ledge at God is the greatest ana sub -
tiniest virtue tbat man ellould strive to
possess.
Prophet Isaiah looked forward 'to that
glorious time "When the earth will be
fu'l of the knowledge of the Lord as the
waters cover the sea,"
Prophet Hosea, expostulating with his
people, said to them: "Hear the word of
the Lord . . . • for the Lord has con-
troversy with the inhabitants of the
land, because there is no truth nor kind-
ness nor knowledge of God in the
lands."
All the ancient prophets from Moses
etaltichi, made strenuous efforts to
impress their people with the necessity
et acquiring knowledge of God because
such a knowledge is the fountain from
which flows the highest attainments
wh:ch make up the sum arid substance
ef
MAN'S SPIRITUAL LIFE, e
A wise son who knows his father's
integrity, bis good neture and character,
hie self-sacrificing devotion to his fam-
ily, will never tire in the fulfillment of
his filial duties; will prove his affection
to his father by respecting, revering and
obeying him and by acting up to his
wishes and desires. Sti will he who known
his heavenly Father contemplate His
wonderful works and the ways of His
-merciful providence, the care and
watchfulness which He has always ex-
ereised in behalf of Ills children, and,
above all, the perfect good qualitiea
which constitute the eseence of Ills be-
ing, never cease to venerate and adore
Him, to love truth, justice and kindness
end to live up. to the teaelengs wlech
He has revealed to us through His great
and distinguished men,
The knowledge of God as father or
Mankind necessarily must lead to leu -
minty and quality. Hence, when Moses
addressed King Pharoah in the name of
the Lord to set the children of Israel
free from bondage, he arrogantly re-
plied: "Who is the Lord, that I should
obey His voice? I know not the Lord.'
IT 1$ A TRUISM
which cermet be gainsaid that those in-
clividuals as well as nations who know
not the Almighty, yes, who form a
wrong and erroneous conception of
Hini, are never exempt from prejudice,
barbarism and tyranny.
• King David, • therefore, very oppor-
tunely at, the time when his son Solo-
mon wile' about to succeed him as ruler
or' Israel, brought home to his heart a
wholesome lesson in the words: "Know
thou the God of thy father and serve
Him."
Tee God of thy father is the Creator
or all human beings, hence thou must
not lift up thyself in pride and vanity
above thy fellow men. The God of thy
father /eves all his children, so must
thou treat all thy subject e alike. The
God of thy father is the source of truth,
justice and mercy, so must thou endea-
vor to be just, truthful and gracious and
by so doing thou will serve, and worship
Hen faithfully and loyally.
HOME. )1
40**********4
SELECTED RECIPES.
Tomato Soup -One pint of beer,. broth,
half cup of sweet milk, hall cup strained
tomato, one tablespoonful butter rolled
in flour, salt and pepper to taste. -
Dumpliegs-One pint of flour, two tea-
spoonfuls baking powder, a little salt,
one scant cup milk; make a soft dough,
drop quickly, and cook ten minutes
without lifting the covie.
Orange Pudding -Six small, 'sweet
oranges cut Up, one cup sugar poured
over them and let stand. Make a cus-
tard of one pint of milk, a little salt,
yolks of three eggs, well beaten, two
tablespoenfuls flour in a little cold milk
add to boiling milk and pour over the
oranges. •Beat the whites of eggs to a
stiff broth, add one tablespoonful pow-
dered sugar, pour over the the custard;
set in the oven- to brown. Eat cold.
Seet Pudding -One cup suet, chopped
fine, one cup raisins, half cup molas-
ses one cup Milk, half teaspopnful
soda, one teaspoonful cream of tartar,
two eggs and salt. Steam three hours.
Cottage Pudding -One egg, one table-
spoonful of butter, three-fourths cup of
sugar, one-half cup of milk, two cups
cif flour, two teaspoonfuls baking pow -
4r; flavor with lemon extract and bake
in a. hot oven; serve with hot liquid
sauce.
Fried Cakes -One - cup sugar, one
cup sweet milk, two eggs, three table-
spoonfulsmelted butter, two teaspoon-
fuls baking powder, flour enough to
handle well; fry in hot lard.
Vanilla Cookies -One cup sugar, two-
thirds cup butter, tevo eggs, one and
one-half teaspoonfuls baking powder,
one teaspoonful vanilla, one tablespoon-
ful sweet Tank, add flour enough to roll
out.
Ginger Snaps -Put one teaspoonful of
soda and one of ginger into a teacup
and fill with molasses, and beat until
very light, then put three tablespoonfuls
of lard into a cup and pour three table-
spoonfuls boiling water over il; mix
with enough flour to Toll out well and
bake in a quick oven.
Drop Cookies. -One cup sugar, half
cup butter, one cup milk, one egg, two
cups flour, two heaping teaspoonfuls
baking powder, oneefourth nutmeg,
drop in tins and bake in a quick oven.
Cocoanut Pudding -Grate one cocoa-
nut, three dried biscuits, rolled fine, or
the same quantity in stale bread, eight
egg, one-fourth pound butter, a little
salt, one quart milk to be boiled and
poured on the dry bread, the cocoanut
to be poured in the last thing. If the
puddirig is plainer, put in less butter and
more bread and milk, according to your
own judgment.
Rice and Apple Pudding -Core as
inany Moe apples as will fill the dish,
boil them in light syrun, prepare one-
fourth pound of rice in milk, with su-
gar and salt,put some of the rice in
the dish, then put in the apples and fill
up the intervals with rice. Bake in the
oven till it is a fine color. •
Boiled Leg of Lamb -Plunge the joint
into a pan of boiling water, and when
it boils up, draw it to the side of (he
fire and lot it cool a little. If the joint
weighs about five pounds eook it gently
for an hour and (Marten When cook-
ed pour white sauce over it and garnish
with boiled carrots or cauliflower. -
Delielotie codfleh balls are made by
taking 1 cupful of codfish, 2 cupthis of
raw potatoes,, cut. into smell places' 1.
egg, Xteaspooraul of better and a, dashef
pepper. Put the raw potatoe,s and Cod-
fish in boiling water and boil till tee
potatoee are tender. Then drain ore -
fully and rnaah, adding the beaten. egg,
butter and pepper. 'rake a rounded
tablethocniful of this rnieture and push
elf into hot, deep fat.
Frieased Steak.--Clit, the steak from
tbe round et mime inn) small squares,
and flour them lightly. Put three drip,
pinginto a frying -pare Slice into it a,
SOMA Onion, and add some coOked
tothatOeS, if in ficasOn (1f nOt, half a tea-
cupful of tomato pulp will do); lay i/1
the pieces Of steak and fry then3 a nice
ill/ ONO
brown. Put the pieces of steak into 4
saucepan strain the contents of a fry-
ing -pan over, add a teacupful of boil-
ing water and stock, and simmer gent-
ly for a. good hour. Serve with boilea
rice, as if /or curry. The slices of onion
can be left in with the steak if liked.
HINTS FOR THE HOME.
To Harden the Icing on Cakes -Stand
them when iced in a dry place for four
or five days. The icing should be mixed
very stiffly and flattened with a knife
dipped into boiling water.
To Remove Stains from Flannel: -
Take the yolk of a raw egg, mix it with
a tablespoonful of glycerine, and apply
to the spot; let this soak in well before
washing the garment in a lather of boil -
Make Celery Salt. -Procure seine eel -
ed, soap.
ery seed, dry it thoroughly on a baking
sheet, pound it in a mortar till quite fine,
and add two parts to one of dried salt.
Scratches in varnish will entirely dis-
appear if a coarse cloth that has been
saturated with einseed oil be laid over
them. This.simple remedy is invaluable
th those who have the care of carriages
and Other highly polished furniture.
To Make Boots Wean Well -When
buying new boots. never wear them be-
fore putting on the sole two coats et
vernish. This treatment makes, the
boots last twice as long, besides render-
ing them watertight.
Never throw away egg shells. for they
should be washed and added to the
.thockpot to clear the soup.
Clothes pegs boiled a „few minutes and
dried quickly about once a Lionel be-
come more durable.
On Bruises.. -When the skin is not
lacerated, ereat them by applying a pad
of lint in eau -de -Cologne and keeping
the pad in eeasition by a bandage.
-To clean plaster of Paris ornarnents,
cover them with a thick layer of starch
and let it dry. Remove with a ,stiff
brush.
When
cooking fruit, especially &bid
prunes, apples, eta, add a pinch of salt
and you will be surprised at the ',re-
proved flavor. A pinch of salt is suffi-
cient for a fruit tart.
When making stock never allow it
to stand in the saucepan all night, but
strain off into the basin -while still hot.
Remove the fat before adding the meat
and liquor to the bones again.
To Clean a White Fur Rug. -Put the
rug on to a firm table and rub it well
with bran moistened with hot water.
Rub next with a flannel till the fur is
quite dry, then with a piece of book
muslin apply dry bran in the same man-
ner. Afterwards put some magnesia
into a muslin bag and well rub into the
fur. It is an improvement to stretch the
skin before beginning this process. To
accomplish this, first sponge the hide
with a mixture of salt and water, taking
care not to wet the fur, put the elcin,
fur dowewards, on to a table, and, with
the hand, stretch it as far as possible.
Keep it in the desired position by nailing
it wee, tin -tacks on to the table.
To Make Paper Stick eto Metal. -Dip
the metal into a strong hot solution el
Washing soda and wipe it dry with a
clean duster. Then apply onion juice
to the surface of the metal, when any
paper will adhere so firmly that it'will
be found difficult to •separate them.
To Restore Scorched Linen. -Add 1(1
ball a pirit of vinegar half an ounce f
soap and tvvo ounces of fuller's earth,
boil till thoroughly mixed. Spread some
of the paste on the scorched article with
O knife; jet it dry on and the Scoreh will
disappear. The mixture should bd kept
in a cevered jar for ase.
For Chilleeins--These iwo recipes have
been sent me by a kind correspondent, -
who saye they are excellent: (1) For
unbroken chilblains: one ounce of gly-
cerine, one ounce of sulphurous acid
(not sulphuric acid), and twe Ouneas of
roseWaler, Mix all together thorotighly,
end apply night, and morning. (2) For
broken ehi1h1ans Loeatellis balearin
four drachms; eitrine ointMerlt, one
drachm: balsam of Pau, ten drops.
Spread this salve ori cotteh wool or lint
and apply eight and morning.
IIe-"Yotere getting your hat rtitinedee
She -"Well, its en old hat, and I do
hate to wet tity new untrella."
10. .
GREATEST MARKET
MUNI NOVGOROD FAIR IN ITS OLD
GLORY THIS YEAR.
Remarkable Gathering of Mussulmans
of the Great Ressler'
Empire,
During the last two and a hall years
neither the German cernmercial traveller
nor his ware,s have had nauth chance to
get along the Siberian railroad. Now
that the twin line of steel, running for
six thousand Miles frpin Moscow to
Vladivostolt, is free from the conveyance
or troops, the Siberian towns, which
have been starving for goods, are de-
manding large supplies and speedy de-
liveriee. In the disturbed condition of
the countee, however, German firms have
shown no eagerness to risk the lives of
their travellers ie a region where the
value of life is decreasingly regarded,
nor to forward goods for which there is
a very problematic prospect of payment.
Accordingly, Mehemet has had to come
Lo the mountain, and this year, writes
Foster Fraser in the London Standard,
Nijni Itheirgorod is basking in its old
glory.
The fair has provided opportunity for
a remarkalee gathering -a congress re-
presenting twenty million Mussulrnans
at the Russian. Empire -Moslems from
South Russia, men who bave talten„ to
the garb and custdins of the West, and
who, with their hair cropped ala Fran-
caise and imperials, dark gray iounge
jackets and patent leather boots, might
easily be mistaken for Parisians; Mas -
lane from Mongolia and Bolthara, men
slim and sallow and sedate, with shaven
heads and henna dyed beards; men in
long flowing and embroidere(1 sheepskin
coals, boots of red and turbans of green,
who, for sitting, find -the floor more corn-
fortable.than chairs.
THE SHREWD TATARS,.
The Tatars are the cleverest mer-
chants who come to Nijni Novgorod.
Whether it be .in the selling of "over-
land" tea -believed by the evluecovite to
have been brought by caravan from
China, but which has been sent around
by ship to Odessa and trained to Nijni-
or in making a fuss with precious stones
which he hints have been stolen from the
mines, and therefore are to be obtained
at a bargain, but which are imitation,
made in a Parisian factory, the Tatar
scores.
He stands by his shed or stall, look-
ing cold and grimy, his fur cap down
over his ears, aritl his hands hid in The
sleeves of his skin coat, which is badly
termed and most 'unappetizing ixf odor.
He has wondrous stacks of skins, from
silver fax down to rat. You can walk
the better part of .4 mile past shops
crowded with skins, most requiring to
be cured. For a year Siberia is hunted
for skins to supply the Nijni Novgorod
mart. The tribes of the north stalk in
the winter; colOnies of political exiles
have sometimes little other means of
winning •a livelihood than by getting
skins. •
Over hendreds of Miles of trackless
snow the skins are hauled till a river is
reached. Then by boat they are brought
to some place where the Siberian rail-
way can be touched or are taken to
some affluent of the Volga. The Tatar
merchant has his buyers everywhere.
In his slothful but still methodical way
he meets the skine at certain points and
arrives at Nijni Novgorod with perhaps
a couple of thousand pounds worth of
goods.
• CONDUneneNG A SALE.
The market is coereeticeecl on strictly
,astern °principles. Thae is no fixed
price. Everything is worthwhat it will
latch. The Tatar asks twice as much
as a thing is worth, aware all the time
that you know he is asking double what
he will accept. You offer half what the
thing is worth, aware that he knows that
you intend to increase the offer. So,
much time is wasted by him regretfully
lowering his price and you grudgingly
raising .your offer, until at the' end you
come very neer if not actually to the
price you both know to be about right.
There are splashes of the picturesque
about the people who attend the fair.
Tney have come from all points of the
compass, by the slow and dirty Russian
trains, by the huge, commodious, shal-
low draughtetl, nephtha driven Volga
boats-quee as big as the notorious
floating towns on American' streams -
and by caravan. Russians from the
towns are dressed in the European
style, on the German model; Russians
from the country are in wide trousers
and top boots, flapping red shirts and
thick belts; they are bearded, while the
hair is cropped short and the back of
the neck shaved; their women are plain-,
stout, figureless, and have shawls tied
about ,their heads.
There are the brown cloaked. sheep-
skin netted Persians from below the
Caucases mountains; there are almond -
eyed Mongols, shrivel faced and wisp
whiskered; there are tawny Buriats and
gray robed Men from leolchara; there
are innumerable Tatars, some accom-
panied by their women folk; fat, swad-
dled, wearing collar box tate of velvet
decorated with pearls.
' THE FMB GROUND
is a mud flat -lying across the Volga
from Nijni Novgorod proper. There are
rows upon rows of Cheap. brick sheds,
orie storey higle yellow delved, with a
pavement of sorts, The roadway, once
cobbled, is a mass of disgusting mire.
Peasant caiitens, in charge of inconse-
quent teams hauling-miscellanecnis mer.
chandise, yell arid bawl, , A jolting
cheeky attempting to dash . by splashes -
the uniform of a 'Russian officer with
filth, and as the Ressler' language is
'en stored with expletivee, there is
violent cursing. Russian eoldieree uh-
washeci ancl 'in unkempt clothing, trudge
sullenly in the gutter, carrying big
loans of black bread urider their, arms.
A cadaverous, long haired, black
downed priest 'goes berrying Ine Old
women dross theniselves'and young men
n th
oon e ground. A buneti er Porcine
Chinesie in blte jackets end with swing-
ing pigtails wee over the Wedge from
thenato'wn, wilt:re all the Windings hav&
eaves that leer, end on the doors are
.painted rampant dragons of fearful de-
sign, intended lo friglitee away thieves
-which they probably do. entikte, tin- t
Ide and an awkward heave and bump
eleetrie,tremear comes sizzline along.
Some 1140eleins are teeing tile east,
hireeying they look toward Mecca, wheel),
thry do not, and are performing their
devoinnie in the street- Moscow mer-
client8 aro in au adjoining cafe, and a
gramophone blares "I wouldn't leave my
little wooden -hut ear you,"
There is the constant click of the elia-
cus--beads on wires, • on which we
learned to count as children, and with-
out which the lluesian, inheriting its iso
Teem Tatar ancestore, Cannot reckon
how rnany
TWO AND eeilEE TOTAL.
A playbill on the side of a rialtety
kiosk announces a performance -in Bus-
sian, of course -of "The Geisha." No-
where 'have 1 seen such a jostling of
East and West. ,
One likes to thee( Nijni Novgorod fair
is Oriental. It is custcrnary to associate
• the Orient with the dazzling, But there
is nothing dazzling about the fair, The
Eastern practice is followed of having all
the shops selling particular wares in
ono district. I looked for aid silver and
found eartloads of crude Austrian
electroplate. I soeght antique rugs and
got a headache hooking at the eile, high-
ly colored and grotesquely patterned
mats manufactured in German Poland.
The only embroideries Were imitation
rubbish from Switzerland. In a dirty
cafe I did come heroes some melancholy
Persitips who had turquoise and opal
stones to sell, and wd spent a rainy
afternoon in haggling.
Yet there is a fascination in tee multi-
tude of articles. At times one can ima-
gine that all the manufacturers of
shoddy arliales have dumped their things
eu Volga -side. Try to picture 0. third of
a mile of tombstones for sale -though,
Hibernian like, most -of the stones are of
wood. Here the merchant...from the far
interior may acquire a really striking
monument which will make him the
envy of his neighbors who have never
been to the fair. A whole street is de-
voted to the sale of ikons, pictures of
saints set out in Byzantine style in flam-
ing gilt, end to be found in every Rus-
sian house in the right hand corner at
the upper end of the room.'
• There are streets sacred to the sale of
Russian boots -there must be millions of
them. Battalions of sacks laden with
raisins block one thoroughfare; another
road is a maze of beteg of wool. A row
of shops i giveen up to
TIIE SALE OF UMBRELLAS,
and there i merriment watching the
astonished countenance of a simple pea-
sant Woman having an umbrella opened
in her face for the first time. Miles upon
miles of cotton goods are here, with no
nonsensical half shades about them, but
strong and unmistakable reds arid
greens and blues and yellows. Half a
street is given up to cheap German toys.
In the centre of the fair is a large red
brick arcade, with shops selling the
usual tinsel and expensive things, with
the usual beed playing in the afternoon,
and the usual row of wooden feced
iu-
divlduais sitting on benches and stolidly
enjoying the music. There is the usual
pestering by importunate dealers. And
there are literally billions of postcards.
Lest evening at sundown I climbed
the hill of the 'quaint ;Walled 'fortress
which guards Need Novgorod. The fall-
ing Sull•waS burnishing the domes of
innumerable churches, a hundred sweet
toned bells, beaten -with wooden ham -
niers, made ,.the evening melodious.
There was the heavy tramp of full kilted
Russian soldiers mounting the hill to
the fortress' there was the distant babel
of a city doing business at the top of
its *ice; down below on the Volga was
Rio scurrying of tugboats hauling mam-
moth cattle boats and snakelike rafts
into place, and the constant Will warn-
ing hoots of the sirens; away, eastward,
Siberia-werd, stretched a flat and urn
broken land to the very horizon, with a
lowering purnle sky deadening to black.
-
ptoilanebest, bourt rneeoni;eeteoifitets71, Jw.egolgrenrush1yin
:24:ic
single tomb, like te Modern vault, oftei
contained several separate eliantheie
with notches or sbelves in or on whia,
Rio bodies 11cern placed. A large Orem
lar stprie whieli could be rolled to end
from its place closed the low (Menthe
to the tomb. Sometimes in level place'
graves were sunk in the surface of tie
rock and covered with a closely ilttini
slab.
e*
Verse 1, Late on the Sabbath day -In
reality, after the Sabbath • day , which
closed with sunset on Saturday evening,
had ended. Leto is careful to mention
Rio fact, that "on the Sabbath day they
(the women who hadecome with him out
of Galilee) rested according to the cone
illandmerit."
l'ovvartl. the first day of .the \leek -To-
ward morning . of Sunday, "at early
dawn" (Luke' 24. 1). Matthew, here uses
the word "day" in the sense of the oppo-
site of "night"; but counting theday of
tweeter -four hours as beginning' either,
as the Jewish day did, at sunset, or as
we now reckon, at midnight, it was "on
the fleet day of the week' (Mark, Luke,
John) that the two Marys, with Salome,
came to the sepulchre.
Mary Magdalene -Mentioned in, Luke
6. 2 an one of several women who min-
istered unto Jesus. She was &aired Mag.
dalene, probably because from Magdala,
a place in Galilee. (Comp, Matt. 15. 39).
The °Hier Mary --Mary the mother 01
James, and Salome (Mark 16. 1). These
three women, having conscientiously
waited until the Sebnath should end,
bought spices. (Mark 10. Wand spent' the
night in preparing ointrrients with which
they intended to anoint the body of Jesus.
Perhaps they were not aware of the
action of Joseph ofe. Arimathrea and'
Nicodemus, who had taken "the body Of
Jesus, and hound it in linen clothes
with the spices, as the custom of tie •
Jews is to bury" (John 19. 40); or per-
haps they were anxious to add ,theit
mite also to the more costly and elabor
ate gifts of these wealthier disciples.
2. A great earthquake -Not mentioned
by any of the other evangeliets. Mat.
thew alone explains how the great
stone, the thought of which bad vvorried.
the women on their way from the city,
was removed from its place at. the open.
ing of the tomb.
An angel of the Lord -Luke and John
both mention two angels: "Two Inept -
stood by them in shining germane"'•
(Luke); -"Two angels in white „sitting"'
(John). Mark (16. 5) speaks of "a young
man. sitting an the right side" of the
place where the body of .Jess. had lain
arrayed in a white robe." These? dis-
crepancies may be accounted for by the
agitation of : the witnesses of this
momentous. scene. -
4. The watchers -The Roman guard'
granted by Pilate to prevent the removal
of the body by Mends or elisciples 01
Jesus.
5. Fear not ye -The original Clearre.
places the emphasis on the pronoun ,
"ye." They had notehe same cause for
fear as the Roman soldiers. -
6. Even as he stied -Two distinct pro-
phecies; of Jesus that he would rise epee
from the dead are recorded by Matthew'
(Comp. 12. 40;• 16. 2e.) In Matt. 26. 3
also :New refers to the fact of his res -
erection.
7. Tell his disciples-eelark adds nand;
Peter."
Into Galilee -"But ,after 1 am raised(
up,. I will go before you into Galilee"
(Matt. 26. 32).
, 0. eesus met them -Not, however, un-
til after he had revealed himself sepa-
rately to Mary Magdalene, as 'Mark ex-
plicitly points out. We must also in-
sert the events recorded in Luke 24. 8-12:
and John 20. 2-18 just preceding verse
9 of our
text.'These. passages record'
the hurried visit of Peter and John to
the tomb upon hearing Rio 'report of the
women,
11. The important testimony relating
te the bribing of the Roman guards eon-
tained.in the remaining verses of -our
THE SUNDAY SCHOOL ltehsson ewnarrative are peculiar to Mat,
' 13. While we slept -The penalty for
sleeping at his post, inflicted upon a
• Roman soldier, was death. The incident
reveals the desperate straits to which the
Jewish authorities were driven in their
attempt to conceal facts plain to ell who
cared to know the teeth.
le. We wilr persuade' him -They had
been successful he persuading Pilate to
pronounce the death sentence upon an
innocent prisener whom they hated, and
reasoned that it would be no' more Mili-
an in an emergency to persuade him to
let men. apparently guilty go", free. .
15. This saying . . . continueth until
this cl5y---1Viatt1iew. is writing for Jews
familiar with the fact wbich he calls to
their alten11-1-L-7-°
MAPPING OUT 'CITIES.
Municipality Should .Buy Land and
Plan Suburbs.
If new countries would learn from
the mistakes of the old a valuable les.
son is conveyed by the movement in
England against jerry-building and the
endiscriminate laying out of streets
without any general planning by the,
local authorities. In Birmingham a
few days ago there was a rousing con-
ference to disales the disgraceful con-
Aition of the slums or that city. Mr.
Nettleford (Mr. Chamberlain's former
,partner) declared it, was no more ri-
diculous to build one room at a time
without considering how all Would 111.
together, than it is to build a town a ,
street at: a 1103e, ae the individual own-
ers might desire. This has been the
chaotic nrocedure in London, Beetling -
ham, and all the great English cities,
and pestilent slume are the result. In
German towns the loan authority has
power to borrow money and buy build -
leg ground in advance and plan the
subtirbs for the future increase of the,
popuiatiOn. It is now sought to get'
that system for England, whose great:
cities are at the mercy of the specula-,
eve builder. In Bournville, the garden
city near Birmingham, built by, Mr.
CadbUry for his workpeople, the death
rate IS less than one-third that of the
working class suburbs of Birmingham.
One of the Islington oiardians, speak.
.
ing on the question of etrainege, siert
Pitt 28 ILMO We put down our thee with
loud Vole° I"
INTERNATIONAL LESSON,
DEC. 16.
Leseon XI. Jesus Risen From the Dead.
Go!den Text: Malt. 28. 6.
THE LESSON WORD' STUDIES.
Note. -The text of the Revised Version
is used as a basis for these Word
Studies..
The Holy Sepulchre. -In point of loca-
tion the narrative of Jobe makes it plain
that the tomb of Jesus must be identified
with the place of his crucifixion : "Now
in the place where he wile crucified
there was a garden; and in the garden
a new tenth wherein was never man yet
laid. There then because of the Jews'
Preparation (for the tomb eias nigh at
hand) they laid Jesus" (John 19. 41, 4e).
But the site of Calvary, at was pointed
out ix the Word Studies for last Sun-
day, cannot be positively identified.
Under the rounded knoll of limestone
rock just beyond tlie Damascus Gate -
the -site keown as Gordan's Calvafy and
favored by some recent authorities -a,
there -is a awe eafledeleremiates 'Grotto,
which was apparently once used as 'a
place of burial. This may have been
Rio tomb in which the body. of Jesus
rested. Tbe traditional site, however,
which for fifteen centeries WaS not ques-
tioned, is within the Church of he lloly
Sepulchre, near the very heart of the
preseat city, and in oll probability also,
within the outer Wail of the ancient oily
of Jerusalem. IA pOint of kind, the
sepulchre of Neils was beyond question
identical with the more common rock,
hewn tornbe which the Jews cut in the
perpendicular sides of the low, soft
limestone ranges in which Palestine
abounds. Sometimes edvanlage was
token of the natural caves and caverns
or which there are many in the sort
strata of limestone. These early Hebrew
tombs were Marked by their eettieme
siniplicity of eonstruetion and the abe
sence of archtteeterin ornament, and in
both these respects stood in marked
contrast with Egyptian sepulchral Mon-
uments. Feerpiently individuals Chose
to have their last resting placee in their
Own vineytd like .Toseph of Arimin
luta, who had Ina own rreW garden