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Exeter Advocate, 1906-6-7, Page 6.10,1 NOTES AND COMMENTS TINW say they have seen the ether- eal body, one of Man's subtler bodies interpenetrating the dense physical body. The orientals have long claimed to have seen it with a higher vision and the occidentals are now seeing it by the aid of instruments. In being able to see the skeleton of a live person trY riontgen rays we have gone far to sor- mount difficulties in making out the shadowy of the ethereal body, A hazy, semi -transparent 'mass surrounds the erroneously termed the soul, seems to invite definition, by simple methods of research requiring little more than •a better understanding of the offiees of the different rays of light to give us a glimpse of the man that survives the mortal casement. The ethereal body, erroneously termed the sould, seems to be a. compound of those electric cor- puscles of which matter is supposed to consist, with the unknown principle of animal life, and it is obviously a core necting link between mind and matter. a discovery of this sort is calculated to revolutionize the mental sciences and cor- rect many erroneous ideas. It particu- larly is important to ascertain how the ethereal body acts during life. Many doubt the existence of any inner form of this kind. But it is an established toilet in the east, especially in India, handed down from ancient days. It le difficult to see how their knowledge could have been so complete, even in- cluding the fact that the ethereal body never grew old after attaining maturity, unless they had been able to catch sight of the inner form. Even the eternal rocks are being made to order in 1906. The Germans are having an artificial pumice stone made of sand and clay which is supposed to excel the genuine article in durability. There are five different makes. The first is either hard or soft with a coarse grain and used for leather, water -proof garments, and the woolen and felt in- dustry. The second can also be sup- plied hard or soft. It has a medium grain and is mainly used for stucco and sculptural work; also for rubbing wood before painting. The third is soft, of fine grain, and is recommended for pol- ishing wood and tin. The fourth is of medium hardness and line grain and gives wood the right polish before be- ing finished with ofl. The fifth is hard and of fine grain and used for polishing stone, especially lithographic stone. The manner qf using is the same as for na- tural pumice stone. For wood it is first used dry, afterwards mixed with oil. There is a new theory of the earth's Interior. It is believed by Mr. Beres- ford Ingram, a physicist of England, that the earth embraces three concen- iric spheres, or three spheres within ipheres. The solid nucleus he supposes to be between 3,000 and 7,000 miles in diameter and this to be surrounded by a liquid subtratum, outside of which is the crust, variously estimated at 70 to 2,000 miles in thickness. More than two centuries ago a similar theory, in- cluding the slow rotation of the inner solid sphere on a different axis from that of the entire globe, was held by Dr. Edmund Halley to account for the changes in the earth's magnetism. The axis of the nucleus was thought origin- ally to have beeen that of the entire globe. The earth's internal heat, it is now pointed out, may be accounted for by the friction of the differently rotating bodies. 4 Oats, peas, beans, and barley grow better, it appears, when they have been fertilized swab pure sulphate of man- ganese. The small quantities of mang- anese shown by chemical analysis in animal and vegetable substances have been looked upon ae accidental and un - merest] ry. flecent • invest !gallons, how- ever. haw tended lo prove that the metal is indispensable to the living cell, and Mr. Bertrand, a French experi- menter, has found that pure sulphate of mauganese has a marked fertilizing effect, an application of about fifty pounds to the acre giving an increase of 22.5 per cent. in a crop of oats. The crop from the manganese fertilizer, however, is shown by analysis to con- tain no more of the metal than the crop from other soil, the plant seeming to require a certain definite proportion. THE LARGEST CASK. At Konigstein, Germany, is the larg- est cask in the world, the diameter which is 26 ieet, The cask, as soon as flinished, was filled with 6,000 quintals of good Meissen wine, which cost $30,000 It contains 649 hogsheads more than the /moue tun of Heildetberg. The top of the cask is railed in, and affords room" eufficient for fifteen or twenty persons Ita regale themselves, and several sorts hi large goblets, oalled welcome cups, see offered t those who delight In etich heelers. African Explorer (spinning a yarn): liNot, very king ago I went out one day Land presently came fete to face with eine lions." Friend "Well?" Explorer: "I fixed my gate on the brutes, then stuck My hands in rny pothete and walked away, whistlitig an air from an opera." Friend : "And didn't the lions Immediately rush at you ?" EXplorer: "They OeuldWite It Was at the Z00." SPORTS AND PASTIMES Amusements Are a Need of Man and a Gift of God Shall he not with hira freely give us all thins?-Romems viii., 31. • The earth le the Lord's and the full- ness thereof. -I, Corinthians xse 31. All things are yOues.-I. Corinthian.; 21. • "How shall we amuse ourselves, sane. ly and In good conscience?" was the question before a recent meeting of a young men's social organization. This is a question of public, morals that must be considered and settled by the com- mon council of the kingdom of God. Says one editorial paragraph: "If you cnce make a rule that a man cannot be gay and at the same time godly,you will be more apt to decrease godliness than to destroy gayety." Last 'Thanksgiving day I heard a prom- inent Presbyterian minister say in his sermon; "Religion that brings misery is not born of God. ' * Metre the peo- ple happier and you will make them bee ter." And one of the conservative re- ligious papers recently said: "Let us never be afraid in innocent joy. * ' Ask for the spirit of joy and that genu- ine and religious optimism which sees in God a Father and asks no pardon for His benefits." WE NEED HEARTENING Up, invigorating. diverting -we need more cf God's outdoors and a return to our childhood for a season -to unloose the pent stroke from our arms, the caper trona our heels, the call from our lungs and the song from our hearts. As to. the moral character of sports and pastimes, it is well to remember that they have no character of any kind except that which the individual gives them. It is for every. man man to decide whether his amusements shall be inno- cent or otherwise, as be does with his tongue and hand. ...••••••••••••••••,•• ryNNolishould fity N,eryl.oysrautiettainie a d) us 1011! ivteorscioanr: as the Philistines did the ark of God? lt is for the good, people to recapture them -to retake the high places and pleasaat strongholds -to make a cru. stele to reconquer and cleanse and oc- cupy these God-given gardens of the life that now IS. 1141stise has created muCh of the pre- judice against tfie expurgated pleasures, They have an acquired reputation. "Vice is perverted virtue," and the evil use of good things brings rattily virtu- ous things into disfavor. • -How unfortunate that the abuse of good gi 1 Is from on high shouldhave een allowed to 'give them a had name and place them upon the eocial and ec- clesiastical blacklist. But most unfor- tunate is the selfish intolerance that, so multiplies "FORBIDDEN THINGS," es to make it next to impossible to en- joy life in good conscieince. The fine humor of the master's re- buke, "ye strain at a gnat and swallow a camel," still applies to many self-ap- poiated misguided kill-joys who go al:out labeling forbidden fruit and pia - carding edicts against everything which they themselves clo not enjoy or which gives them occupation. The young and vigorous want recre- ation, the old and heavy laden want relaxation. God gave this relief ta both, and his people should rejoice to allow it to them, Nor will they neces- esarily abuse the indulgence. The fool- ish, who also abusiefood and raiment, will oft -times persist in the wrong use of pleasures, and in pursuing pastimes that waste mind and body; but the reasonable can be guided and trusted in all the healthful outdoor and in- door diversions. MANY CRIMINAL'S CLUBS SECRET SOCIETIES WMCII ARE RIJN BY BURGLARS. Gangs of Thieves are Joined Together in Strong Bonds of Union. The police of Paris are pluming them- selves just now in the belief that they have succeeded in dealing a deadly blow at organized crime in that city. They have lately laid hands o0. some fifteen habitual criminals who they think were members of one of the most dang- er ous bands of law -breakers they have - ever had to contend with, and to whom an immense amount of crime against property is attributed. This secret society Of criminals was organized some •five years ago by a mysterious man whose identity the po- lice have never been able to discover. It has been run on lines very similar to those of a trade union, and had "Is secretary, who was not an active mem- ber, but a salaried servant; it had et,s entrance fee, yearly subscription, sick fund, defence fund, and an elaborate list of rules, which were strictly =- Rimed. It embraced almost all forms of crime, from pocket -picking to for- gery; but one of the most remarkable rules was that which created all mem- ters equal. All proceeds of crimes committed by individual members were "pooled' and divided up Into as many shares as there were members, but the producer of the new proceeds, in addition to his own share, was rewarded with the share of the member who had not produced anything for the longest period. times el sickness and imprisonment being ex- cepted from the reckoning. Any infrac- tion of this rule for the pooling r)f "swag" was visited, so the police be- lieve, with the severest punishment. TWO OR THREE MURDERS. of habitual criminals are attributed to ibis cause. But although this much is known and a vast deal more suspected.about the gang, so cleverly has its secrecy been assured by its organizers that it is im- I•ossible to guess how many members it had, who was their chief, or where they met. It was hoped that, when the poiice laid hands on some of the men suspected of being members, one might bc induced or bluffed into betraying the others, but in this the police were dis- appointed; not one of the men arrested would utter a single word on the sub- ject, though a young Belgian, when se- verely pressed, drew his thumb across his throat and smiled significantly. So that it is quite possible, although the police have arrested a goodly number of the organization, it may survive the blow, though it must suffer by the loss of suoh thorough -paced scoundrels as the police declare their prisoners to be. About three years ago the police of Belgium broke up a similar organiza- tion, some of the members of which were sent to prison for life. This gang, however, devoted all its attention to the' gentle art of burglary, at which some amazingly large hauls were made. The members shared their profits ago the manner of their friends in Paris; and one of their number, who was clever rit disguises and had "a taking way with him," did nothing else than make the necessary inquiries about premises and persons it was thought might pay for 8. visit. It is believed by the authori- ties that in one year only the gang 'collected" property to the value of UPWARDS OF $70,000. It is but rarely, however, that crirre inals of the type which might be de- scribed as "violent" organize them- selves, for the reason that they are Muth better able to work "on their own" than criminals who Make specialties of long-firrn frauds, forgery, bank -bilking, etc. But it is generally found, as an exception to this rule, that erirnireils of the hooligen type are very strongly or- gartized. The "Push Larrikfrite" who are villains of the meet violent descrin- flee, Cieve their surVival from the Meet vigorous police prosetution simply to their excellent organization. They are a special feature of life in Sydney, and, although not now nearly $o strong as they were some years back, they still make -their existence un- pleasantly Olt, highway robbery being their favorite pursuit. At one time it Was believed that they ntunbered more than 200; but probably they are less than half (bit strength at the present time, despite the fact that many a Lar- rikin has found 11. a cruelly difficult thing lo reform, as the Mere have very rough - handed methods of dealing with "trai- tors." • They are divided up into gangs .or "pushes," each one of which elects a "king," whose word is absolute law to those under him; anyone disobeying the "king," indeed, is liable to be thrashed or otherwise brutally 111. - treated by his fellow -members of the "push" on the first two offences, and CLUBBED TO DEATH an the third. All profits from crime are deemed the common property of the gang, whose members share it equally; and when a Larrikin falls ill the others of his "push" are obliged to contribute a certain -small sum weekly for his sup- port. Moreover, whenever a Lerrikin Fete into the arms of the law a small lax is levied on every Larrikin of every "push" to defray the cost of his defence. Strictly speelcing, the Mafia society ,s a secret political organization, but it ace frequently descends to crime - even to the degree of murder - to attain :ts and that it may certainly be regarded as a criminal union, and as such it holds first place for size and power, only excepting, perhaps, one or two • f a similar kind in China, of tvhich prac- tically nothing is known. The Mafia is so perfectly .organized and so influ- ential and secret that the laws of Italy, the police, and the whole Government. of the country have been rendered IM - potent against its members again and 'wain. Judges and juries haveacquit- ted members of the society of guilt ef various offences in absolute defiance )1 "low. common sense. and justice, simply amuse they feared to incur the dis- pleasure of the society. Police Officials have allowed Mathis to slip through their fingers for no more reason than that they barely sespected them of BELONGING TO THE SOCIETY. Ile members are to be found among the highest and the lowest in every city, town; and village in Italsedand its influence extends to the farthest corners Only gatebelittle While ago en Millen was murdered in Canterbury, New Zealand, by a. newly -arrived compat- riot. The victim was not a member nf the Mafia, but, he had given evidence in Italy some months previously against a. man who was a member. He fled M mane the anger of the society, but was followed and done to death. Repeated attempts have been 'Medea° destroy the power of this wonderful or- ganization, but they have failed, and that to a great extent because it is Me possible to know who are members of if, and who are not. A thread of the eorruption of the Mafia runs through everything in Italy, ao that neitherthe - pollee, the judges, the juries. the armv. rind navy, nor even the individual mem- bers Of any Government can be ..abso- lady relied :on to ad against the So- ciety. . And thus It still exists, with every likelihood of outliving the cen- tury. WATCH THE COMPASS. Few are aware of the feet that in a watch they have a. Very excellent Com- pess. If you wish to use them as such, all yell Mere to do is to point the heur band to the sun,. and the south is ex- actly half way between the hour and the fljeuee X11. on the face of the watch. Inasmuch tie each Minute is marked off, there need be no difficulty in calculating this aecttrately. For instance, suppose yeti pulled out your watch exeptly at four o'clock in the afternoon the figure If, an the dial plate would be due tienat if the WV hand *were facing the Min, .4f HOME * FilOfvf THE KITCIIEN GARDEN. It is an easy matter to fall into ries in cooking as in other household mat- ters and, with a large variety of vege- tables at our command, to he content to serve them in the same manner year after year. To those who have a pref- erence for the products of the kitchen garden the following hints and receipts will especially appeal: • Peas and Potatoes - Take the knuckle end of a ham which has two pounds or more of meat still on it; wash thor- oughly, cut off all the rind, put in a saucepan with three quarts of oold wee .ler, heat slowly and sinnner until the Meat is tender. Transfer the ham to a dish and boil the liquid rapidly until re- duced to one quagt. Add (Inc pint and a half of shelled green peas and fifteen new potatoes of medium size, whicli have been washed and scraped. 13011 slowly until the two vegetebles are tender. Cut the ham in thin 'slices and arrange it round the edge of a platter. Turn the peas on the dish; in the cen- tre push them aside and lay in the po- tatoes. Sprinkle with a Mlle pepper and send at once to the table. Cauliflower Fritters -From a good- sized, but loose head of cauliflower trim the green leaves. Place head down- ward in cold Baitecl water for half an hour to dislodge insects, then place in e kettle of cold water and heat slowly to the boiling point. DraM and add fresh boiling water With one teaspoon- ful of salt and simmer gently until the stalk is tender when pierced with a fork. Drain and sot the cau- liflower aside until cold then di- vide into stalks or flowerets of three or four inches. Mix together two well -beaten eggs, a half cupful of milk, a half teaspoonful of salt, a dash of pepper, one tablespoonful' of molted tuner and sufficient flour to make a ctrop batter. Last of all stir in one tea- spoonful of baking powder. Have ready a deep kettle partly filled with smok- ing hot fat. Dip each piece of caul!. f,ower into the batter, drop into the hot fat and cook until golden brown. Do not cook more than three or four fritters at a time or the temperature of the fat is likely to fall too low. As done, draM the fritters on soft paper.- Serve quickly as a vegetable. Cauliflower Puree - Trim a head of cauliflower and cut it into flowerets. Place in a. saucepan with cold water to cover, heat slowly to the boiling point and draM. Cover with boiling water, edd a half teaspoonful ef salt and .cook until tender. In the meantime make a thin white sauce. with eine tablespoon- ful of butter, one rather heaping table- spoonful of flooreand one. pint, of milk.. DraM the cauliflower 'as soon as it is done and mash to a paste, gradually adding a pottion of the sauce. When the two ingredients are smoothly mixed erase through a sieve, add salt and pep- per to taste and return to the fire in a double boiler. When very hot add a half cupful of thin cream, a pinch of sugar and a suspicion of nutmeg. ' Serve as a first course for luncheon or dinner. Carrots and New Potatoes -Clean and scrape a number of very small carrots, wash and scrape twice as many new potatoes. Boil the latter as usual; cook the carrots in as little water as possible adding a little salt, s.uger and one tea- spoonful of butter. Quarter the pota- toes as soon as done and add to the carrots ten minutes before they are to be served. Allow the water almost to evaporate. • Add another teaspoonful of butter and when in the serving dish, sprinkle with a little finely chopped parsley. Smothered Cucumbers -For this dish use cucumbers which are quite old, but not yellow. Pare and cut lengthwise • in quarters. Scrape off and discard the seeds. Cu( the pulp into half-inch pieces, measure and place in a sauce- pan. For each pint add a scant halt teaspoonful of salt, a pinoti of sugar, a quarter of a teaspoonful of paprika (sweet red pepper) and one tablespoon- ful of butter. Cover closely. Stand over the •front of the fire for five min- etes, shaking vigorously, then draw back where the cucumbers will cook slowly for. fifteen Minutes.' No liquid is needed as .sufficient will be drawn from the Vegetable to form a sauce. Garnish with toast points. Cucumbers Espagnole-Take young firm cucumbers; pare and cut iength- wise in thick slices. Dip each 'slice in flour which has been highly seasoned with salt and pepper and quickly fry to O rich brown in a little hot dripping. Lift, drain well from the fat and arrange in a shallow saucepan. in the mean- time, cook slowly one tablespoonful of minced onion in one tablespoonful of butter. When changing color, add one tablespoonful of finely chopped ham or bacon -preferably the former -and two scant tablespoonfuls of flour.' Stir until well colored, then •add three quarter of a cupful of thin, strained tomato and one cupful of beef stock or gravy; stir until smoothly thickened, season with can, and pepper. Strain this over the browned cucumbers in the saucepan ,end simmer slowly until they are .very tender, but !lot broken. Have ready pieces of riot buttered toast the size arid shape of the cucumber slices. Arrange these- on a hot platter, place the cu.' cumbers on them and pour the sauce' around. Buttered .String. Beans -String and •cut fine, one quart of green beans. In 11 saucepan put one large tablespoon- ful of butter, a half teaspoonful of salt, s quarter .of a teaspoonful of while pep- per and a heti teaspoonful. of grated onion. Cook slowly for three minutes, turn 18. the beans, cover •elosely• and shake over the front of the fire Inc five. minutes. Add a third of a oupful of boiling 'water, stir well, redover and draw aside where they will cook slow- ly. As often OA thewi is danger of peeling, Add a few spoonfule More oi. boiling wilier. When very tender un- cover for five minutes that any liquid Tama ni n g may evapora I e. When cook- ed in this way they have a pecnilar mellownessnever found in lvans thok. ed in a Irmo quantify of miler. Corn Tinlbrile,e-For This use voling juicy norm Score Me ears and serene out the reap. To each pint add five well beaten eats. one enpful of milk, o high eerierming nt sett ere pepper antl, a , halt teaspoonful Of ettgar. Pour into small, well buttered baking cups or timbale molds. Stand in a pan partly filled with hot water and bake in a Moderate oven until firm in the cere ter. Turn out carefully en a platter and serve with cream or a tomato Sa1,100. Tomatoes Lyonnaise -Peel half a doz- en firm toniatoes of medium size and cut into eighth, ' Peel and chop rather coarsely two Bermuda onions ex use one small Spanish onion, Put the lat- ter in a frying pan with one large tablespoonful of butter and cook very slowly, stirring occasionally, until' the onion begins to change color. Add tee tcmatoes and a high seasoning of salt and pepper; draw the pan forward and cook more reptclly for about twenty minutes or Until the tomatoes are quite tender. Add a half cupful of strong beef stock and simmer for five minutes longer, Sprinkle in one tablespoonful of finely chopped parsley and turn in- to a serving dish. Tomatoes Portugaise-Peel arid thinly slice two mild onions. Peel and cut in- to quarters a quart of small firm to- matoes. Put together in a saucepan, cover and cook slowly for twenty min- utes, shaking occasionally to prevent sticking. Add" one pint of thickened beef gravy and a high seasoning of salt end pepper. Cook fifteen minutes long- er, add one pint of hot boiled rice, stir carefully for a moment and send to the table with an extra bowl of the gravy. HINTS ON KITCHEN WORK. Clean up es you go. Don't scatter in the kitchen. 13o sure to put scalding water in each saucepan or stewpan as you finish us- ing it. Keep pour spicebox always replenish- ed, and take care to let your mistress know if you are out of anything jitney t� be requited', 'that its place .may nt once be supplied. Take care of your copper utensils that the tin does not become worn off. ir so, have them instantly replaced. Dry your saucepans before you put them away. Pudding bags and jelly cloths require care; wash and hang them to dry di - redly after using them. Air them well before you put them away or they will smell musty. Keep them in a warm, dry place. After washing up your dish- es ane cleaning the dishpan, scald out the sink and sink brush. Be careful not to throw anything but water down the sink lest you clog it up. Never have sticky, greasy plates and dishes. The way to avoid this is to use soap, hot water, and clean, dry towels. Change the water often. Per- fectly clean plates and dishes are one proof of the cook being a good servant. Be particular in washing vegetables. Lay cauliflower and cabbage in salt and water for an hour or more to get, out the insects. Take notice of all orders that require time in the preparation of a dinner and henry' nothing. Wear plain cotton dresses and long aprons. Be sure to keep your hair neat and smooth. • Be careful of fuel. It is a great recommendation to a cook to use only the necessary amount of coal., Have an eye to your mistress's inter- ests, not permitting waste of any kind; a cook who is just and honest and does as she would be done by is worthy of th.e greatest respect and, may be sure of being successful and happy. When the morning's work is done, she should carefully wash her hancle and visit the larder. Here she should lcok to everything. See if the hanging meat or game requires cooking. Wipe out and air the bread box. Clean and scrub the larder at least twice a week. Receive her mistress's orders attentively and ef she cannot trust her memory, write thein on a slate. She should ex- amine the meat sent by the butcher, and if it isnot right' refuse to accept it. She should also weigh the meat and ask the butcher for a paper of weight. THE SUNDAY SCHOOL • INTERNATIONAL LESSON, JUNE 10. Lesson XL Peter's Great Confession. Golden Text; Matt. 16.16. THE LESSON WORD STUDIES. Note. -The text of the Revised Version is used as a basis for these Word Studies. Items Chronological. -Returning from the vicinity of Tyre and Sidon, jesus made n Our through the region of De- capolis, teaching and performing many miracles. Two of these miracles, the healing of the deaf man and the feeding of the four thousand, are specially men- tioned, the former by Mark (Mark 7. 32-37), and the latter by both Matthew and Mark (Matt. 15. 32-38; Mark 8. 1-9). Both Matthew and Mark also record the fact that about this time the Pharisees and Saciducees aproached Jesus, tempt- ing him and demanding of him a sign from heaven. To all suth demands for miracles, merely to satisfy the curiosity of some one, the answer of Jesus was either silence or a word of stern rebuke. In this case it was the latter (Comp. Matt. 16. 4). Mark alone inserts in his narrative the account of the healingof the Mind man near Bethsaida (Mark 8. 22-26). In his journey through the re- gion of Decapolis ;testis Game finally into the region of Gamma Philippi, far to the ilorth. It was here that the inci- . dents connected with 'Peter s afteesion., about ,which We are to study In te-day's lessor', °Miffed. Verse 13. Cresarea Philippi -The most northerly point reached by our Lord. A, Roman city, beautifully situated on a rocky terrace on the slopee of Mount Hermon, tt few Miles east of Dan, the old frontier city of Israel. Named after Herod Philip, and to be carefully dis- tinguished from the Ctesarea on the Mediterranean coast That the Son of man Is-Meny =dent authorities read that I, the Son of Man, am (Comp. Mark 8. 27; Luke 9. N. 14. Some eay john the Beptiet-For exemple, Herod, end doubtless many others. Elijah -The famous prophet of the northern kingdom In the time of Ahab Comp. 1 Kings 17,1 to 2 Xings 2, 1.4. Jeremiah -One of the greater plophett Of the Old Testamentwho lived during the early part of the sixth century 13. Ce thg.i,is`flitheeCigioests-iaLhi.t. The anointed •Ofie, The Son of the living God -The ques- tion of Jesus, "but wha say ye that 1 am ?" had been addressed to all the dis- ciples. Peter is therefore merely acting as spokesman for the 'group. There was no doubt in the minds of any of the clasisctiohle:isasmotoss' itabhesidapitilnity of CliriSt 17. Bar -Jonah -Lit. Son of Jonah, or Son of John. Bar is the Aramaic word for Soil: cOmpare• the names Bar-abbas, Bar-tholornew, Bar-nabas. Flesh and blood -.A common Hebrew expression ter- designate the human in contrast with.the Dlvirie, Not man but God had revealed to Peter the truth which he had spoken in his testimony. 18. Thou art Peter -(Gr. ['elms) and upon this rock (Gr. Petra) 1 will build my church -In view of the enormous pre- tentions of the Pope and the Roman Church, based largely on this text, it. is well for us to remember in the interpre- tation of this passage the careful dis- tinction observed quite generally in classic Greek between the words Petra, the massive, living rock, and Petros, the detached, but large fragment. • The church is built on the massive living' rock (Petra) of prophets and apostles in unity with Christ. "Built upon the' founclation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus himself being the 'chief corner stone" (Eph. 2. 20). (For other founda- tion can no man lay than that which is laid, which. Is Jesus Christ," (1 Cor. 3, 11). Of this living Petra Simon was a true fragment (Petros), firm and unyield- ing, hence worthy in the estimation .ol his Master to be surnamed Peter. Peter, then, is a worthy type of the Christi= church, not, however, -the foundation on which that church itself_ rests. It has been pointed out by some that Jesus, in all probability, poke Ara- maic, and that in that case there can have been no difference in the two words used; but the very fact that the evangel- ist narrator IS care ful to use the two Greek words seems clearly to indicate that he intended by this choice' of words btoyp Jesus. tsout the exact meaning intended Gates of Hades -A figurative expres- sion equivalent in meaning to the power of Hades, or of the under -world. 19. I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom -It is clearly to Peter with the testimony to Christ's divinity on hie_ lips that the words of this verse, as those of the last, are addressed. That Peter was not infallible is shown in the mis- taken attitude which he took toward Jesus whenthe latter announced that he was soon to "suffer many things of the elders and chief priests" (Comp, verse 21). To a man who was soon to become a tool in Satan's hands to tempt the Christ (verse 23) Jesus certainly did not give unlimited and absolute authority to bind or loose in the kingdom of heaven. To a Jew the expression, "the keys : f the kingdom of heaven" could convey but one meaning. He was familiar with the custom of presenting to a scribe about to be admitted to his office large key, symbolic of the fact that _ a teacher of the Scriptures he was now to open the treasury- of divine truth.' In like manner Christ's words to Peter signified that Peter was henceforth to Pc a scribe or teacher in the kingdom of heaven. He, and those with him -for Jesus is still addressing him as spokes- man of the group ef disciples -were given authority to teach the truths of the Kingdom. Whatsoever fhou shalt bind -- The meaning of the verb to bind in this clause is to impose as binding, and like- wise the verb loose means to declare a precept or tette as not binding. The sense of the passage, therefore, is that the decisions of Peter and the other apostles as authorized scribes in the kingdom of God, will be ratified in heaven, that is to say, that all those who in obedience to their word shall seek to do the will of God through faith ini Christ shall be saved. 23. Get the behind me, Satan -The suggestion of Peter assumes the form! of a temptation 10; Jesus. Peter thus takes' the place of the tempter or adver-1 sary. His argument is for 'the falsel kingdom instead of the tree. The fact; that Jesus thus addressed Peter .throwsi much light on the interpretation of versei 18 above. Peter, with the words of the! tempter on his lips, is addressed as the, teempter; with the words of truth on his! lips, he is part of the very foundation! stone of the church. 25. Whosoever would save his lite shall lose it -To strive after the things of this life involves separation from Christian ideals and from Christ, and therefore separation, also, from life eternal. But devotion to Christ, regard -I less of consequent, disadvantages in this life, insures the higher life with Christ in eternity. Tternillyi 28they see the Son of man com- ing in his kingdom -Various explana- tions of the probable time referred to I have been suggested: 1, the Trans.: figuration; 2, the Day of Pentecost; 3,' the Fall of Jerusalem (70 A.D.). Many . f the best commentators think that the last "best fulfills the donditions of inter- pretation -a judicial ooming-a signal and visible event, and one that would happen in the lifetime of some, but not of all that were present." • WONDERFUL ENGRAVING. A novel experiment forthe purpose of testing the strength of high explosivee is the placing of' fresh -plucked leaves between two plates of panel steel, and exploding dynamite cartridges on if tipper plate. The recoil in such c ee so e great and sudden that the tippet, plate is driven doweward with such force and rapidity as to catch -exact ine pressions of the leaves ' before their de. liege ribs have time to give Way to the 'force of the blowthe novel methOtt' of engraving le one of the wonders of the century. ACTRESS AS FARMER, Otte eif the best-known New YotIc ate. tresses, Miss Blanche Bates, has turneif farmer as a relief teen" the nervout strain of theetetcal week. Slit Wm seventy-seven acres of land, severe4 bows, seven dogs, ett ealmber of horses rind vile an army of chickens. Sin lives among there and'rneltes thern gel friends. end travele Sitty mile e d to and front the thteetre,