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HomeMy WebLinkAboutExeter Advocate, 1906-4-19, Page 6LUMBER FOR THE WORLD :CANADA RAS THE GREATEST WOOD PULP FORESTS ON EARTICL An American Correspondent Talks Abut the Great Wealth of the Dominian. Imagine youreelf seated In one of Telephone Dell's tetratiedral kites eying over the biggeet lumber -yard of the world. I refer to the immense forest erea the Canadian dominion. It'begins on the Atlanta, and ends at the 'Menlo, stretChing from east to west for more ten 3 MO miles, writes Fronk 0, Car- penter, front Ottawa in the Clucaegi cord Ileraid. Starling in Nova Scotia. and New Brunswick, you look down on enougii lag trees to cover the State of Massa- citueetts. There are hunber mills work- ing. and the proprienors of the London newspapees are putting up pulp mills there to supply the paper for the glea- m:1 reading constituency of Europe. Go- ing westward we ily over the vast for - of Quebec, and into those of W- eave) from where a great part of our while pine now eonws. Ilere the forests extend from the shores of Lake Superior and limns northward by those of Hudson Bay, and go on to the west, almost to the setting sum They take in the Lake of the Woods region, and then switch to the! north. and skirt the Wheat belt, until' they lose themselves in the giant woods of the Rockies and the Pacific. British Columbia has the same climate and vegetation as Washington and Otis- gon, end its tree' :Me eurpessed by none in the world. They are :sometimes forty, fifty, or sixty feet thick; a single Lig will load a ear, and one tree cut into boreels may make a train load. Tim- ber. which will square two or three feet and make a log sixty feet long, is spoken of there as a tooth -pick and such tooth -picks are exported all over the world. This British Columbia tim- ber belt is almost untouched. It has red and yellow cedar, white and yellow pine, red fir, maple and oak. It is one ef the most valuable pieces of woods left on the North American continent. WOODS ABOVE THE LAKES. Flying back to the east let us look for a moment at the woods beyond the great lakes. Above Lakes Superior and Hu- ron is an exteusion of the forests we had In Wiseonsin and Michigan. Fully onm third of the trees are more than •one hundred years old, and many have seen several centuries. They consist cf white pine, birch and maple and other hard woods, with a strip of spruce at the north vast enough to make thewood pulp for the newspapers of generations in come. Foul' million pine logs are floated down every year to this city of Ottawa, and other millions go to the great lakes and across to the United States. The Dominion Is doing all it can to preserve the trees. On some of tho public lands the regulations are now sucli that no trees below a fixed size .can he cut. The timber is sold only when 11 is ripe. If these arrangements are kept in force, they will give Ontario a forest reserve of 40,000,000 acres, 'which will, it is estimated, bring in 830e Cen,000 a year. Canada has set aside a number of na- tional parks. In two of its Rocky Mountain reservations it has almost as much as we have in all our national parks, and in Ontario there are 7,000, - COO acres of such reservations. The Yam Park on the Pacific slope is forty miles long and fifteen miles wide, and the Rocky Mountain Park, along the line of the Canadian Pacific Railroad, Is ninety-six miles long and forty-six miles wide. The Algonquin National Park, in central Ontario, contains 1,200,000 acres, and northern Quebec has a na- tional park of more than a million and a hail acres. The Canadian govern- ment guards its forests against fires and pays half the wages of the fire rangers on timber lands leased to lum- bermen. Canada has some of the greatest wood pulp forests on earth. North of the pine belt there is a strip ef spruce and pep - lee which runs across the greater part of the continent. It contains enough trees of the right sort to supply the .newspapers of the world for ages. In- deed. it could furnish enough to almost paper the globe and leave some to snare. In the Lake St. John basin of the Pro- of Quebec there is a wood pulp 'area as large as the State of South Car- olina on which are now standing 100,- 000.000 cads of pulp wood. A half -mil- lion tons of pulp could annually be made from that forest for an indefinite period; and this is only a patch on the whole. Sir Alfred Ilarmsworth, the proprietor ef the London Mail, has bought large tracts of spruce Umber in Newfound- land. where he will make the paper for his many publications, and the Lloyds, the owners of the Shipping Register, an- other London newspaper of wide circu- lation, have also Invested in pulp for- ests. TURN LOGS INTO PULP. Canada has now thirty-nine mills, which are annually turning out 275,- 000 tens of wood pulp, a large part of which goes to the United States. I went through a pulp mill here at Ottawa, which was grinding spruce logs to pow- der, reducing them to pulp, and final- ly turning them into paper. It was making great rolls of newspaper, each as big around as a hogshead, and it was also turning trees into paper bags. It is operated by the Ottawa River, Welch furnishes many thousand horse power and runs sawmills, factories and paper mills. The biggest pulp mills of the world, se I am told, are those of the Lake Su- perior Corporation at Sault Ste, Marie, Canada. These mills make both me- chanical awl chemical pulp, turning out 4 big product, when in full operation. miming my visit, to them the mechani- s cal works only were going, and the out- put was 100 tons per day, A hundred tons, however, gives; little idea. of the amount of paper made. It Mime about n nerd of wood to mice •ton• of pulp, and a ton. if the roll which weighs that uerfpread out WO a carpet, would cover any eity paw:Merit to Mc length ef three aud a half intim TN. pulp comas met in the shape of a. cardboard two yards wide, roiledlip lust like maiting. FROM 'FREE TO NEWSPAPER. It is several cutleries since Shakes. peare found Tongues in trees, books in the musing brooks, Sermone 111 stonea and, good In every. Ming. It remained, however, for our age to make these tree -tongues speak and to P103011 their eermone to all the world. 1 felt that as I went through the big pulp mill watching the machines yank newspapers out of saw logs. The nor= timber is cut in the forests durs ing the winter and floated down the rivers to Lake Superior and thence brought to the Sault. The logs are of various diameters. Thesis worked during my stay were a foot or a foot and a half tnick. The 1 ark was taken off by planing machines and they were carried, on endless belts to the milt. All the machinery was moved bs' water and the books really • floated in the running brooks on their way to their -readers. The mills In which these logs are ground are about eight feet in diamet- er and not more than eight feet high. Erich has a great grindstone- in it, against Vt1ICLi the logs are pressed by machinery in such ,a way that they are gradually pulverized as the stones move around at the mite el 100 revolutions per minute. As the wood grinds off the (lust fella. down into the Water Inside the mill, and when It. comes Qui it looks like chewed paper, . It is now wood pulp, and has only to be purified and aried into a sort of a cardboard before it is ready for the market. I opened cne of the mills and took out a hand- ful of the pule, then grinding. R was clean, but hot; and I asked the engin. rer whether hot writer was needed for making it. He replied that thrwater went into the mill Me cold, but that the friction Of grinding was so great that it soon boiled and steamed. GOES TO READERS OF WORLD. After the pulp 'comes from the mnifl it is forced through wire strainers and then carried over wide belts of the finest wool- en felt, It is so thrown uporiethese belts that it coats them. The particles stick together, forming a kind of cardboard, which dries as it goes on to the various machines, and finally comes out in great rolls ready for shipment oyer the world, to be made - into newspapers which we have served up to us every morning at out breakfast tables. The best Wood pulp, however, is Made by a chemical process. In this manu- facture there is no grinding whatever. The logs-• are cut into chips and put in- to an enormous steel' tank, which is filled with sulphurous acid and steam. This works on the wood as the stomach works on food, and finally digests it im to a pulp: The difference between che- mical pulp and mechanical pulp is about the same as the difference ee- tween short staple cotton and long staple Sea Island cotton. The chemical pulp has a longer fibre and it makes a stronger paper. The tank used for making chemical pulp at Sault Ste Marie is almost 100 feet high, and the most complete of its kind in existence. REMARKABLE INVENTION AN AIR ENGINE WHICH MAY KILL THE COAL TRADE. New Invention Will Propel a Locomo- tive or Vessel Without the Use of Steam. Arrangements are now being mride in a greater revolution than ,that which England to test a new type of engine, which, 11 11 proves successfulemay cause which resulted from the discovery of the steam engine or of the applieation el electricity to motive power. . The patentee is a Lancashire man, who has already achieved some success as an inventor. This new production he describes as a triple economic air engine and if the inventor can justify all his claims the business of the coal miner will be practically gone, as far as indus- trial requirements are concerned. Summarized, the Mathes Inc the new engine are as .follows:—The economic an engine will save the use of coal and all cost of fuel; it will take the place of steam, which will not be required io keep Me pressure of air constant; it will DRIVE A LOCOMOTIVE, propel a ship, work a. mill forge, &c., without using either gas, teeter, coal, electricity or oil, and it will entirely pre- vent smoke. The economic cylinder will be more powerful than any other type of cylin- der of equal diameter; it will save the use of large boilers and not more than Iwo will be required for large works. With two or more boilers filled with compressed air up to the pressure re- quired in each boner the economic cy- linder will keep up the pressure of air, if set to werk. In locomotives and other high pres- sure steam boilers the wear and tear is considerable. It is caused by the fires, the use of dirty water, and the constant changing of temperalure and pressure, all having a tendency to pull them to pieces and cause serious rents round the rivet holes and other parts cf the boilers. This wear and tear will be avoided by the use of the air engine. While this still remains to be proved, the doing away with the use of coal in smelting appears to be AN ACCOMPLISHED FACT, Mr. J. Corbin Weld, Deputy Governor of the Canada Company, who is now in London, says that he had just received information of an important experiment, evhich resulted in proving that smelting would be successfully achieved by elec. The experiments were made,. not by body et men ,seeking, to floats -a coni - pony, but, at the expense of Me Canadian government with cOview of the develop. merit of the Iron ore industry in the On- tario district. He had received information that the results of the experiments were 'definite and conclusive. and that the trentment cf ore by electricity' could be. prolitably and lucratively carried out. Ethel ---"I rather Ile Mat meting Dou- bleday. He has a good firm mouth and chin.' Myrite—"Goodnesel Efas 111 teen kissing you, tour . LOCOMOTIVE SON TO GO ELECTRICITY IS REPLACING IT VERY RAPIDLY. American Railroads Are Making the Change --- Advantages Over Steam. Five years ago a railroad operator of commanding influence said; "In ten ten years' time IL will bp diilloult to find L steam locomotive on the trunk Mee of the east, When found it will be on the scr.a.p heap. IL will have been dis- placed by the electric motor." - The remark waa received with, incre- dulity, Even railroad operators who foresaw a revolution in motive power thought Um limit shoulcl be placed et twenty years, if not 'a quarter of a cen- tury, The revolution meant so lunch. Not only in their view, before this could be done, must a complete change be made in methods, tra.ak construction and organization, but influences of pow- er, which weuld naturally be exterted lo a continuance of old ways and old methods, must be overturned. Yet but half of the period named by this .far - Fleeing man' has expired, and thterevolu- bon is ill progress. ON NEW YORK LINES. The process of electrifying the rail- roads cornering et New York is under way. Already M portion, of Use Long Island Railroad is being operated by elec- tricity, while the labor of electrifying other parts is being steadily pushed. Similar. weak is being done on the lines of the New York and New Havels. The operation of the New York Central- so far up as Croton is only. awaiting Me completion of the terminal improve- ments in Manhattan. Though noseettb- lic announcement has been made of the fact, it is even known that the Pommy], mita contemplates the moving of its trains by electricity between Philadel- phia and New York when the tunnels under the North River are comineted. Now the Erie takes a step in the seine direction, while the Delaware and Hud- son is experimenting with new style cf electric motor. THE WHOLE SYSTEM. In the present outlook it would seem as if the only purpose was -that of .mov- ing the suburban traffic by electrical power. It is merely the first step in. the coming revolution. The other steps may not now be apparent. to the general public, hut they are clearly visible to railroad men. Alreltly the Nev York Central has begun the preliminary work of electrifying its western division. When • both ends are operated by elec- tricity it will be but a short time before the same power' will applied to the middle seotions. When one road is wholly operated by electric' power other roads will follow. One road will not te permitted to enjoy a monopoly of the advantages resident in applied electri- city. ITS MANY ADVANTAGES. If no other advantages were secured to the travelling public than that of in- creased comfort and cleanliness, the te- volution would be justified. -Exemp- tion from coal dust and coal smolo would increase travel. And that would be the advantage gained by the cone- pany. This is not a fanciful considera- tion. Railroad operatives now declare that increase of comfort and conveni- ence in their cars has been followed by such increase of receipts as to justify the expenditures entailed. But there are other advantages in the way of in- creased speed and economy of opera- tion that commend the power to rail- road men. In the whole realm of direct- ed energy, says the Brooklyn Eagle, there is not to be found such waste es is made in the application of energy stored in coal. But 10 per cent. of that energy is secured. Ninety per cent. goes to waste. It is true that as yet coal must be consumed to generate electricity. But ihe power thus obtained is in much larg- er proportion than when taken directly from the coal. • WITHOUT USE OF STEAM.' Of course, the ideal condition will be reached. eerhen .electricity can be provided without the aid of steam power. It will not do, in view of the past, to conclude that. the discovery of the means by which it can be done is not in the near future. As it is, however, the science of electricity has advanced to that stege when it is recognized as the most eco- nomical of efficients in power. The main thing is that the revolution in motive peeler is in progress. The next five years will be a memorable 'period in the history of electrical propulsion. EDUCATION AND BURGLARY Methods of English House -breaker Have Much Improved. Education, sags the Ilead Constable of Livxerpool, England, in his annual re- port on the city police, which has just been' issued, certainly has had one ef- fect upon crimes of dishonesty in that it has to 'a certain extent eliminated per- sonal violence as an accessory circum- stance. MIs of violence only add to the dangers of the burglar's or thief's enter- prise, and education, Introducing better methods to him, as to the honest work- man, has enabled him to avoid themeei- ther by a more educated study of details or by changing the character of his cyrime from that • of Weeny to *that of fraud. Either course decreases his dan- ger, and the latter generally increases his events—swindling, wheteher it be by means of a lying prospedus, a mislead- ing trade description, an appeal for a bogus charity, or arty other false pre- tence is both safer' and more profitable lean stealing a man's cash and valu- ebles by breaking info his boime or (mocking him on the head. Personal honesty and professional or trade trre clition Seem under the stress of modern cempetition to afford less protection, to the rights of property than they did mars ago, and something more is want- ed, if the honest and dishonest am to compete in life on anything like equal terms. CONCLITSIVF,, "Cutlet has ihvested nil hie money In Sheep, Do you think Wit make any- thing of it?" . "No deutil; Mena IS fic alwnys wine where thcreM any fleecing to be done," FOR SAFETY OF WORKERs-A FRONTIERSMAN LEGION EXHIBITION OF APPLIANCES TO PREVENT ACCIDENTS, Many Devices Seen to Protect elimproyees From Fly -'Wheels and Saws. - A permanent ex11ilion of practical appliances to prevent accidents to peer - Owe of machines in Sactories bas been established in Paris at the Conservator- ies' des Arts et Mutters. Tins exhibition was offleially opened early in December by M. Loubet, President of the Repub- lic In the exhibition are Metalled the move common machines found in -fac- tories. The machines are in motion, and o practical demonstration is gtven daily by an official In charge. The various maehines haee been chosen by 'the ad- ministration of the Conservatoire mis representative of their class, and are equipped with the most improved Om- pilence's for the prevention of accidents in 'Me operator. One notes first of all the arrange - mins added le protect 'the opere.tor improve renter than injure the anima- ance of the machines. In every in - estrum° the safety appliances are graceful and sightly; at the seine time they are arranged with the greatest posible sim- Micity and economy, and it is apparent that the improvements,' though of great Nalue both to the' employer and .to the employe, must•add but a small per cent. to the cost of the Machine. A brief 'm- enet of some of the more common =- chines found in the eollection will give comprehensive idea of the scope 01 (110 exhibition and the general idea elabora- ated. FLY -WHEELS AND SAWS. Flywheels within the height of the operator are surrounded by high screens ef substantial wirework. If the wheel is small and a screen inigracticable the spokes of the flywheel are hidden by light plates that make it impossible for the clothing or person of the operation to become ineolved in the wheel. Horizontal saws are entirely protected be an ingenious arrangement somewhat on the plan of the slicks of an ordinary fan, and can readily be swung, back- ward or forward to admit work of vary- ing sizes. Ribbon or band saws are in- cased in angle pieces or practical box- es wherever it is possible for the opera- tor to come in contact with the blade. All gearing to lathes is enclosed, and a practical and readily detachable cas- ing over the end gears permitsethe change of these gears in the screw cut- ting machines.. Emery vheels are closely incased and the operator protected from injury from the dust and flying particles. Drills, planing or mortising machines are closely protected at all parts, and it would seem that a determined effort would be required on the part of the operator to secure injury. KEEP OUT SKIRTS. - In spinning and knitting machines speeial attention is taken to protect the 'skirts of female operate:11's, all the run- niog parts being tightly enclosed. In general, one remarks that all belt- ing, gearing and wheels coming within reach of the clothing and person of the operator ere well enclosed and protect- ed by casings or screenings. Because of the liability of the em- ployer for all injuries to the employe, more attention is paid to the protection of the workingmen in France and other European countries possibly, than in America. EMPLOYER IS LIABLE. In France the law presumes *that the accident is due to the negligence of the employer. A Workingman receiving permanent injuries, preventing him from .work, is entitled to an annual in- come of two-thirds of his salary; for tem- porary incapecity he is entitled to claim one-half of his salary. If the workman dies from the result of an accident his wife Is entitled to a yearly income of SO per cent. of her late husband's salary if she 4es not remarry, and a child re- ceives ilfaten per cent. of the deceased workman's salary until arriving at the age of sixteen; if two children they re- ceive 25 'per cent.; if three, 35 per cent., and if Mut or more, 40 per cent. It will be seen, therefore, how ,great- ly it is to the interest- of the. employer in France to seek for and adopt safety devices' in his factory: It is also a di- rect object to builders to make safety to the operator an important conaidera- lion' in planning of machines. The French machinery builders have already brought safety in machines to a high ciegree of perfection. The machines found in the conservatoire exhinitien are ma.chines aetually on the market and are loaned by the Manufacturers. LOYAL TO HER FATHER. Young Highland Woman Would Not Disclose Her:Affairs. A young Highland woman named Mackenzie has elected to go to prison rather then. disclose the affairs of' her deceesen father. The case is a, rethark- able one in the legal annals of Scot- land, and many there are who am dis- nosed to sympathizewith her in her Moubles, and who admire her -for her Muck. George Mackenzie was a furniture dealer lie -Stoneham, Kincardineshire. His daughter was ordered by the sheriff to bend her father's books to the tree - lees of the estate. She refused to obey. The sheriff warned her ethat disobedi- ence of such an order was a serious cf- fence, and gime her six' days to consider her position further. ft Was plainly Un- derstood' that if she still refused to give up the books 'she should be imprisoned. At the end of six days she was as ob- Mingle as beim, and the matter became ernbaeraesing, bectiuse nobody could he -found nailing to talrember to prison: Eventually tho sheriff's sinder officee enleved the court, and With greet diffi- culty was pereuaded to undertake the duty, Accorripenied by a Woman et:, loam* Mise Sleckenzie teas then Con, veyed to the prison in Aberdeen, Mrs„ Neggets "Weil, I gime 1 have a ported rightno my opi»lone." Mr. Mag- net, : "Certeiely you have, my dear, And 11 you only kept them to yourself ORGANIZATION POSSESSES MANY ELEMENTS OF ROMANCE Lord Lansdale Is Chairman and Many Notable Ittlojome lfiti, atve Decided s Probably no organization in the world posaesses eiements of romancein bu great a degree as this new legion just termed in London England. sta °b(11smtaries a\svelloociilLepdatforiro t.til9leainnCienillOstilonnenclf. imperial interests in lime of Peace, csitt for imperial 'defence In time of war. The °Medal definition of Me lorrn "frontiersman" states it "includes men trained and qualified by previous com- pleted military service, or by woeking, hunting or fighting in wild come:tries, or at see., who for various reasons do net, or cermet serve in the existing mil- itary forces 'of the Empire, and who are not prepared by reason of tempera- ment or -vocation to 'submit, themselves. to the ordinary routine of military dis- cipline except in the limo of ware Under such conditions the legion has already gathered into its ranks men whose collective adventures in all parts Cf the world would; if set selown on pa- per, make more thrilling and absorbing reading than any volume of fact or fic- tion ever published. . EARL OF LONSDALE CHAIRMAN. • The General Council coneists of ex- perts—financial, military and judicial— and representatives of all vocetions, of the wilderness and of the sem The chairman is the Earl of Lonsdale, who himself has had experiences which 1 all 0 Ihe lot of few men. His collection of hunting trophies at Lowther Castle is supposed to be the finest in the kingdom. The chairmen of the Executive Coun- cil, Sir Henry Sarin -Karr, is a famous big game hunter and was one of the pio- neers of that sport, in Wyoming at a time when he was liable himself to be hunted by red -skins. Mr. M. H. De flora's careerfurnishes one of the most reinarkahle stories of the present age. One of his little •-exploils was the cutting out of the bathe ship Huascar from Peru, but that is by no lreeasns the most .exciting of his advea- Captain Walter Kirton bas been a prospector, gold miner, engineer, guide, scout, hunter, seaman, correspondent and a soldier. • FOUNDER OF THE LEGION. The founder of the legion, Mr. Roger Pocock, has the extraordinary record of baying filled "thirty different vocations in hishighly adventurous life, includ- ing those of trooper, cowboy, seaman, with the Yokohama pirates, captain of a pack train and scout. - Mr. Morley Roberts, the distinguished novelist, is another member of the coun- cil. He was a sailor the greater portion git his life and left the merchant service as a master mariner. Two of the greatest journeys of recent times were those made by Captain Har- ry De Windt and Captain E. S. Grogan, both of whom are. in'the legion. Mr. n. Bowmain Ballantyne is an old cowboy, and a South -American explorer, whose r,ame is Colonel S. B. Steele, is known far and wide in Canada. He is the hero cf remarkable feats of bluff which tam - the fighting tribes of 'Western Can- ada without fighting. Generals Sir Reginald Hart, Sir Sohn French, Sir Edward Hutton, Sir P. Maurice, Sir E. Brabant, Admiral Prince Louis of Battenberg, Admiral Sir Percy Scott, Sir A. Conan Doyle, Mr. Rider Haggard and Sir Claude De Crespigney are a few who are aiding the.legion. The British War Office has recognized the value of such an organization to the Empire and has given its approval, and already, it is stated, that correspon- dence has elicited the fact there are six thousand men in different parts of the Empire who are ready to enroll them- selves in the legion. ....••••••••••••.' M.110.111•••••• GROWTH OF LONDON. Book Issued Shows Startling Figures el Immensity_of City. The immensity ef Londonis well il- lustrated in a :volume just issued by the London County Council entitled "A Statistical Abstract fortondon, 1905." It is an amazing compilation and shows that pie British metropolis still holds the first place among the greatest cities of the world. The rapidity of the growth of London during the last century is shown by the fact -that, while in 1801the population was 1,114,344, it had risen in 1001 to 6,581.402, arid these shT and -a half mil- lion people live in 928,00,8 houses. Nothing is More impressive to the, visitor to London than the enormous volume of the traffic. Londoners' pro- pensity for dive locomotion le strik- ingly indicated by the vase number of. tramways and oinnibuees. Of course the tramway and omnibus statisties for 1904 do not adequately represent the traffic of the present day, es since the completion of the. new tubes new electric Car trricke have been opened. -There Were then 201 miles of tramway lines open, and during the year 557,947,846' passengers were conveyed, while 288,- 065,214 passengers travelled on the two principal ornnibris conmaniesf vehicles. The letters, book packets, ole., deliv- ered by the nostrnen amounted to 1,108,- 091,000, and 28,364,000 telegrams were despatched. - An Interesting idea of the different Sources of London's wealth may be gethered from the gross annual' assess- ed value of the incomMtax in 1004, houses etc., amounting to Z45,055,851 ($225,271255); trades and professions be- ing £74,806,458 ($374,062,265), and the profit of public companies, and other interest and penis amounting to £1.43,- 534,555 ($717,072,775)- • HE IIAD NOT LOST IT. A Lon don btegel river had sh outed , "Igh Obornl" tilt the ipassenger on Me seat behind him could rie longer resist Me temptation to. feake,..ne joke, "Excuse me," said the passenger.; "but haven't you droppedeotnethingl" "I see wet you're driving et," rehiring:I, the driver, keenly, "MR never mind. shall- pick 11 up when we get to flog - lord Streete", PREVENTION OF SENILITY *AMOES PHYSICIAN WRITES ON) TIIE LENGTH OF EFL'. Sir fames Crichton Brown Says We Are Entitled to One Hundred l Sir James Cric'e:1,171; Browne, M.D., LL.D., 010,,. the Lord Chancellor of Eng- land's 'visitor in Milady, writes as foe Iowa on the length of human life in his book, "The Prevention of Senility," Every Man is, I Mink, entitled to lis century, and every woman to a century and a little more, for -women live lenges Lean men, Every child should, be brought up impressed with the onfiga- non of living to a hundred, and should L e taught how to avoid the ireemilate- ties Mat tend to frUsteate that laudable ambi non, ' To lengthen ae well as to strengthen: the lives of the people Is the •object of' preventive medicine. Certain great mem sures, that lio beyond its scope are first of all necessary if we could prolong the „- arms of •the masses of our pgreple. Re- gular employment -.Must be secured and poverty diminished by our statesmen and economists, so that we may .no tenger have amongst us thirteen millions jorinw:ttlittel:4:ere of hunger and dying in• BEFORE THEM. TIME. If old age is te be attained, a goomi. atart in life must be given; and hence the importance of these questions at; te, infant feeding and. milk supply. If it is' • to be reached by 01 proper proporlion r1 wayfarersin sound condition, we reuet, reduce the prevalenoe Of those infectirens diseases which carry off so many of the young and often 'cripple where they do not 111 and we MUSL see that our ohne' then have a 'sufficiency el Med; and at suMciency of teeth with which to eat ii. 1' it is. to be wisely pursued,' we mustI foster the self-respect and arreet the dee generation of our people by giving -them' coma houses, and promote their physi- cal development by affording them fa- cilities Inc exercise. ; Peculiarly desirable it Is that we should. warn the public against these causes- of; _ premature senility which operate with disastrous effect when childhood is over. I am not prepeared to indulge in anyl general denunciation of alcohol, birti there can be no question that an excess of it does make men old before their: Mlle. It induces over -excitation and ex-, haustion of the nerve -cells, and also vas -1 cuter paresis and erterio-schierosis Which? is the mein feature 'In pathological se- rJliIy; and it is especially apt to do thiel if indulged in at A time when the tissues -51 are approaching the natural limit of 1 THEIR FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY. Whatever tends to diminish disease is conducive to longevity, but in our en- deavor to promote it, we must have re- gard to mental as well as to bodily hygiene. A nteat deal of premature ge- ntle in force one energy is due to Over- use of the brain and nervous system. Dr. McLane Hamilton says that Ameri- CADS break down Rl an earlier age than Europeans, especially from rierveus oli- ments. and he "Attributes this to their struggles for the raoid accumulation et wealth, to -the competition and ambition whicheire lergely etim ts ulated by agita- onal newspapers, to -the worries and anxieties of business in which men im- merse themselves without recreative re- lief, to hustling, over .eating, instillIcie • ent exercise and luxurious living gen- erally. 1! we are to lower our death rateand promote old age we must return to Mine plicity and tranquility of life. -A1NE4S0WING CRUISER. A New Style ot Vessel Added to the, • British Navy. -. • The quaintest -looking warship in the British navy is the small cruiser lphi- igenia, which has just been converted in- to a mine -sowing vessel. Along either sids„ of her deck are two rOWS of ele- vated rails, in which numerous submar- ine mines are slung. Three lines of rail project over the vessel's stein, the, mines being dropped overboard from tliem as she steams along. The introduc- tion Of a mine -sowing ship into the Brit. ish fleet is an experiment undertaken as a consequence of what was learned :during the war in the Far East, and the idea is that the Iphigenia would be able to mine a channel or other narrow wat- ers far more effectively than could Se done by steam launches. • SNAKE HUNTING WITH NOSES.. When the Australian aborigine is push- ed. and can find no „other game, ..he catches snakes for food.' With his won- derful brown eyes he can see the faint est trail where a snake has zig-zagged through the dry moss and leaves. Ai night-time his broad nostrils take up the chase, and, stooping down among the bushes, with it tough forked stick in his. hand to support hills, he follows the track as unerringly as a bloodhoural: Whets he runs a snake to earth; if he cannot surprise it in the open and kin it by a sudden blow of his etick, he squats over its hole, making a low his- sing or whistling sound with his lips. Some the snake puts its head out of ihe -hole and peers round. In an instant Ilea fsrked stick descends and flees it to hie ground by the neck, and the Mack Id. low, seizing it behind the head, so that it cannot bite him, drags it out of the hole, and either twists its head off er pounds IL on the greened tin its back ie broken. • TIME TO KNOW. . "By the way, Mr. HankilMorn papa Made stiCh a funny remark about you the other evening.' "What was .11., Miss Beller "He said lie wondered why you were coming here So often," ' . ,Sn'RENUOUS Torn — 'Mimeo goes a man who looks as if be Mid hived end lost," , jack' •"Well, lia Was onde : love' all right,.and he both .wori and lost," :rem — "Why, how'that?" ;lank "Ile Main the girl., but eineo Moir merrinse 1 -ye tam lost alemeneeeme. flee mined'shustling for eufneient coin tc liquidate her bills,"