HomeMy WebLinkAboutExeter Advocate, 1906-2-1, Page 6CANADA'S WHEAT BELT
viliEttu IT I 'WHAT IT IS, AND now
Loous.
111 Canada Feed the \Norte e -The
Peale Weer Cotutty-The New
Granary.
I tun writing at Edmonton4,00 miles
north of the United States 'boundary,
writes Frank 0, Carpenter. I am en the
frontier el the great wheat belt wbich
the Canadians are opening up, oil whiol
promises to revolutionize the bread Mar-
kets of the world. I have been travel, -
line for three tvecks thrdugh• the grant
' '
area Is already Clefined, They think ante•
that our wheat erop will grow lose from
year to yeer, while theirs tweet be neu1.
teplied hy ten or teVenty before it
reaches its Maxienuni. The world's
wheat crop now averages somethine
like
.3,040,000,000 BUSIIELS.
Indeed, it•is often, 'Much less. Lest yeer
Canada raised 100,000,000 bushels ton
4,000,000 oe 5,000,000, acres, Anmag the
lowest eetimates of the .Wheat lends are
those which put theta at 10,000,00,0 acres,
The land hero produces almost one-
third more 'U
ore than in the nited States.' It
will ,average at least twenty bushels Per
acre, and tins would . mean a crop of
2,000,000000 bushels if the wheat belt
should all. be. cultivated, This is more
than tevo-thirds of. ell the wheat now
raisen by man. Our crop of last year
was only 6e4,000,000 butstels, and it was
lands, axed am ratty, in a strtimle me: the second largest we have ever raised.
about as far northwest of Winnmeg I believe the acreage was something like
1 t
from New York to Ct'dcagQ AI0flg
line there is wheat, all the way. Lower
Manitoba produced mare than 40,000,000
bushels last year, and something like
100,000,000 bushels were harvested in
Canada.
The size of Canada's new bread bas-
ket is hard to define. The area I have
desoribed has been thoroughly pros-
pected. Wheat is actually raised in all
warts of it, and I heat' stories of great
50,000,000. The average Canadian, how-
ever, will tell you .that their possible
wheat area is far more than 100,000,000
acres, and that Canada can let one-third
ai ite wheat lands lie idle and still con-
trol the marnets of the world.
But come with me and Mee a look at
the mighty granary. We ,shali go on
the Canadian Northern one of the new
raibtoads.. Our companions are young
men many of whom are land seekers
wheat lands beyond. 'Mee hundredand settlers, Some have money with
miles due north of Edmonton, on tlie them and others have their household
Peace river, they are raising big crops, effects an the way. There are colonist
and flour mills are now grinding away, cars in front of the train, filled with
at Fort t ernlition. ' They receive goo" emigrants from Europe, and there are
prices on account of the high fret& tourist sleepers containing farmers from
rates which prevail 'throughout the the United States. Our route is through
wilds of the Northwest, and the farmers a new region. The trade was laid two
are getting $1,50 a bushel for their grain. years ago, but all along It there are now
Railroad engineers who have been sue- plowed fields interspersed with un-
- Veying the extensions of the Canadian broken prairie. The time is the autumn.
Northern and the Grand Trunk Pacific 'fbe wheat has been harvested, and
railroads, which are to be built from great straw stacks stand, here and there
here across the Rockies, tell rne ' that over the plain. Much of the grain is
there is good land all Me way from Ed- still in the shock. It will be hauled
monton to the foothills, a distance of direct to the thresher, the wheat going
several hundred miles, and. that settlers almost straight from the field to. the mar -
have already begun to penetrate that ken.
region. Everywhere men are plowing. Notice
Accordieg to the best Canadian. au- the soil. It shines like black velvet
tborities, the wheat belt so far defined under ethe sun. What mighty plows!
comprises a strip extending from east
to west across the boundary of Western
Minnesota, North Dakota and Montana,
tinny is that we MM. raise 25 bushels ot
wheat to the ace. This givee us a erOp
of
2,500,000,000 BUSHELS,
moth considerably mare than •three
times as moon as the United States has
ever produeed, I do not say that Citna-
de will reach that crop soon, but her
Wheat yield will steadily increase, and
it will not be long betore it will ennal
that of the United States."
•"When was wheat •first raised to the
Northwest, Mr. Bell?" I asked.
• "We were Produoing grain near Win-
nipeg lows before your Weetern states
had any extetence," was the reply. "As
far back ate 1812 Lord Selkirk brought
a colony to Manitoba, and thet colony
raised wheat. The settlers came in ey
Hudson's Bay, and woelsed. their way
down here. They were then so far from
the markets that there was no demand
outside their own wants, and it was only
when the United States had developed
its West that We began to farm in
earnest. Even then we had to wait for Under this singettie nnaacien sew. started early ene tenning for a low.
the railroads; which were first built tem, the poorest individual in the
of Manitoba is one of the world's, great hie insurance policy or annuity • hv foot in Matabeleland, leaving his
along in the '80's. To -day the lower part little kingdom can secure a mederate kn,baoyyP,n
granariee. It produced 4:000:000 be:steels the payment of trifling animal prei-oT had not gone half a mile when he heard
to peek up and follow him. Ile
later, and in 1901 the Crop was 50,000:- 0 .growl, and turning saw an immense
lioness about fifty yaeds away, and rap -
in '1886, 14,000,000 busnels ten years Mins, or derive interest on bis small
MEASURING 800 OR 900 MILES,
and extending northward a distance
equal to that between Pbnadelphia and
Pittsburg. The men who have lived here
longest advance the most roseate views.
They believe the new area has several
hundred million acres, estimating it es
equal to about eight states as big as
• Ohio, or six or seven of the size of Penn-
sylvania or New York. This does not
• include the vast region north of where I
am writing.
This mighty farm is being opened. up
by the railroads. Between 2,000 and
3,000 miles ot new tracks were con-
structed last. year, and three great sys-
hatchet and saw. The average settle -
terns are now pushing their way through ment consists of one street of irregular
it. The old line of the Canadian Pacific one and two-storey buildings facing the
goes across it not far above the, inter -
railroad. A wheat elevator stands near
national boundary, and that company is
the track and often the elevator and rail -
constructing new branches to Um north- road station are the only buildings.
ward, It will build one line almost The sound of the hammer and saw is
direct from Winoipeg to Edmonton.
everywhere heard. Nothing is old. You
The Canadian Northern, whieb is but can smell the paint on the. houses and
little known in the United States, has the aroma of the pine -board walks which
eust completed a trunk line to Edmonton, run along the street.
and it has in addition a road reaching Now we are again off in the country.
north to Prince Albert, -which lies hun- Notice the straw stacks which run in
dreds of tellies east of here, on the Sas- long rows through that 100 -acre field.
katchewan river. The Grand Trunk Each has about ten furrows plowed
Pacific k building between Winnipeg
a rich around it within 100 feet of its edges
`-'44e-------nerridnfidMointon, going 'through and another ring of furrows outside, the
wheat country some distance north ef strip between being burned over. The
the two other lines, so that the whole black circle is to ward off the fire god.
land is humming with railroad possi- There are frequent prairie fires which.
bilities. • run through the stubble, and were it not
My first trip across the wheat belt was for this fire -proof carpet the wheat stacks
on the Canadian Pa.cific. The country is would burn. Those stacks are yet me-
an prairie and plain. In some places threshed. Each of them is a little gold
the lands are fiat, in others rolling. mine which has only to be passed
Some of them are like Illinois and some through the threshing machine swelter
like North Dakota. In Manitoba and the to be turned into bullion. Each con -
greater part of Sasnatcheatan you ride tains hundreds of bushels of wheat, and
for miles through wheat fields with the smallest of the stacks is worth $200.
patches ofp rairie between. A. little far- Speaking of fire, as nightfall ap-
thee west you strike a region somewhat proaches, the red. flames are to be seen
like Montana. It is, In fact, the exten- on each side of the railroad. They come
sion of the Montana semi -arid Country, from the stacks of the newly threshed
and a part of what. was once known as straw, which are burnt on almost all
the great American desert. In the far these Canadian farms. In New York or
West, this is devoted to grazing, but Chicago such straw would, bring $5 or
they have begun to raise winter wheat more per ton. Our farmers would save
even on the dry lands, and their possi- it for stock feed or fertilizer. Here it
bilities are not yet defined. A little far- goes do waste, and the marks of its de -
thee westward, just before you reach the struetion are left in those great patches
• loothills of the .Roakies, some of black. which we see everyevhere as we
•.-1 , BIG IRRIGATION PROJECTS ride through the country.
HOW IIICH THE SOIL IS 1
are under way, and winter wheat is be -
INSURANCE IN BELGIUM
HOW THE GOVERNMENT CAIIES
EMI TIM T00%
People
Protected Against a Tenoning
OK Age en Thriftiness,
Encouraged,
Few people in. this conntrY eve
aware that' the paternal Clovertnneat:
of Belginen • cities te general lefe iesur-
mice tusitiose, issuing both 'straight
life ponce:es as wen as emelt, Or en-
downiont, ponce:we it goes ferther
and contracts to pay annuities .to
such of its citizens as desire theme
This life insuraece and. annuity linen
nos: is geafted upon the goveemneate
al postal saeineg beak, sestem,
$41-$404 at etwey, $018.55; at sixty-
five, $605,86.
is apparently simple, cheap,
and reliehle inserance. 'There 15
tioebtlese a emelt profit aceruing to
tlat overmiletit tor doing. the boat-
lates, IAA it Must be taiiiiitestrent, It
Is palpably arranged in the interest
of the polleynotclers, eint not of the
officials.
—4-
A PLUCKY LITTLE DOG.
Saved ills Mater From Killed by
a Lioness.
Victory is not always e Matter of size
or steength, nor is courage iu
ProPortiou to bulk. 'rho grittiest crea-
tures, indeed, are often small, tie wes
file dog which did his duty so efieclu-
ally in the ineelent winch a writer in
the Peilawayo Chronicle describes.
A man 'lamed De Beer, at Shiloh, had
000. •A large part of last year's produet
'came from this same region, but much
of it was from the new fields which are
being opened up farther west."
"What do you knew of the wheal lands
north of where the settlements now
are?"
"They are undoubtedly extepsive.
Take the Peace river country, which lies
north of Edmonton, extending to the
Rocky Mountains, That river is big
enough for steamboats. My son tra-
velled eleven days upon it yast winter,
and found wheat growing at the very
neadwaters. The crops there are raised
by the Indian missionaries and by the mately, $7 per head of the total pop -
Indians themselves. My boy saw one mation of Belgium. The aggregate
Indian farm which yielded 3,000 bushels is much greater now.
last year. That northern wheat is better
than any other wheat known. The far- POSTAL SAVINGS SYSTEM.
ther north you go the better the quality
of grain, vegetables or fruit. East of the
depoeits in the :postal savings bank,
The system; paternal to an ektienne _he mew ttis
Was ad,opted to encpurage national , magazine mile. She was
en he -fired. The'
thief t, and has f ully .i, in 4+ Within twenty paces Wil
-' dicated '''''''' shot broke bee. jaw. •
gars in Beigiven. It works smoeithl The second shot broke one of her fore -
purpose, There are few, or no beg -
and apparently is without a ilai; begs. The third, fired just as she sorting
nection with the system, complex ollInDea 'Bfeev,Orieseillooi:sdesd he was
and the
NO correettion lute developed in eon. num eves borne denim .
and peculiar as 11 18. It has been in bitten, and his left hand sevely injured.
was Mauled and
Practice upward of ' half a century. There seemed. little 'hope thee he cola
The balance eheet of tbe Belgian Na- °scams alive, for Ins gun was out et
tiete3 riallic 6" De°eth-ber 31, 1908 reach, and the lioness lying ore him,
the last report within Teach, showed ereeeptett him .trem mettin•p,„ ,
doosits to ehe. credit of the -Allred '' But with De Beer Was one ceinpanion,
institutions of $45,292,768, apprOon t -
v utile - terrier, The tiriy mini& flew
icily aproaching. As quickly as possible
The most important branch, of
course, iS the postal savings system,
Peace river is a,.region of which we know well worth a study. Every possi-
nomparalively nothing. Thousands of
ble facility to make deposits is a, -
miles of it have never been trodden by
forded the public. They are mad3
in the post -offices- and bank agencies
in sums astlow as 20 cents. More
than $965 cannot be deposited Oi
any period of two weeks without
special authorization. The interest
rate is fixed periodically by the Gov-
ernment; At the close of the year
the interest is added to the principal
and begins to draw interest itself.
Each depositor receives a bank
book free of charge. Special adhesive
deposit stamps are used, which are
receipts f or money paid in and are
pasted in this bank book. In it also
are entered calculations of einterest
and all other transactions .between
Each is drawn by six horsesaand long white nien, and no one can tell what a
lines of them follow tone another over I will or will not produce. Indeed, Gan -
the fields. Here and there, at long dis- '
tutees, ' ada is as yet an unprosPected wgricul-
turee region. We know that we have a
STEAM PLOWS MAY BE SEEN. large part of the earth and the fulness.
Tl tereo , but just hon much , remains to
The threshing is still going on. We ti f.' * '
be seen."
can see the smoke rising from the
machines scattered over the landscape. ,—n-----.
The chaff flies out like smoke from the
end of the stack. Every railroad station JAPANESE ARMY CANTEENS.
has long teams of wheat wagons. The
beds of the wagons are filled to the top —
Mikados Soldiers Wand of Beer, Sake
and tbe grain is unloaded at the station'
elevators. In some places the wagons - and Cigarettes. '
drive up on platforms and unload direct One who was with the Japanese army
into the cars.
The towns are new. And sitch towns!
They look re gged, and . most of the
buildings seem- to be knocked up with
ia Manchuria for six months, writes:
"Old foreign campaigners remarked the postal savings bank and the de -
in the field that neo army probably ever positor, Those books are called in
had so many canteens in, its wake. for the annual calculation of inter -
When the army was not marching there est. Te prevent individual extrava-
was always a canteen or two not far gance depositors are prohibited from Railroad Company in western *Texas in
to the rear of every division. When hypothecating these bank books witha the early 80s, to a Guthrie correspond-
ent of the Kansas City Star.
it sated down to recuperate alter a bat-
bravelg ' the lion's , ear, got good
hold. and 'hung grimly on. :,Thls Made
the Vine shift 'e little. and De Beer was
able to reach his rifle:110M With his
right bend and. ehot the lioness through
the:Chest. She dead on ten of him
-his left-hand still in her Mouth.
GAY •TEXAS CATTLEMEN
EARL OF AYLESFORD'S RANCH
PARTY NEAR BIG SPRINGS.
Cattle Raieing Was a Secondary Con-
• sideration to This Young
Nobleman.
LEAflIN1ARKETS
Torouto, an. 30.- Wheat -- Ontario
e white, 79e; rod, ?au tO 790; mlk-.
ed, 'NW, guest), 750; spring, 74e to 750 at
()inside points.
Manitenet--No. 1 bard, 89e on track
at lane parts; No. 1 northern, 87e; No,
noielleten 84%o; No. 3 8:nee; all -rail
quotations, North Bay, at etgc above
these peices.
Flour -- Ontario, $3.10 to $3.15 Itid
foe export for 90 per cent. patents, at
outside points, in buyers' bags; high
patente, bags included, at Toronto, $4;
tet per emit. patents, $3,60; Manitoba first
Patents, $4,30; second patents, $4.10. ,
Millfeed -- Bran, in bags, outside, $17;
shorts, $18,
Oats --Finn, 35%c to 36o outside.
Barley -No. 2, 4.80 to 40c; No. 3 c
tra, 450 to 46c; No. 3, 42c, all outside.
Peas. --79c Outside,.
ilye--70c, outside.
Buckwheat -52%0 to 53c, outside.
Corn - Canadian, 44%c, Chatham
freights; American, No. 3 yellow, 50%ce
mixed, 50c, Toronto treights,
COUNTRY PRODUCE.
Butter --- Prices'a.re quoted unchanged.
C:reamery 24c to 25c
do solids .... .... . . . 23c to 24c.
Dairy lb. rolls, good to choice 210 to 220
do large. ctrawYnne
do large rolls .... t... 19te to 20e
do tube 210 to 22e
do medium 190 to 20e
do inferior ... .... n18e to 20c
Cheese --- Steed). to firm at 13c for
large and 13 3c for twins.
Eggs 22c to 230 for now -late, 17o
tat storage and 1.5c for limed.
Poultry -- Fat clikesens, 100 to 11.c,
thin 7o to Sc; fat hens 7eec Sc, thin
6c to '7e; ducks '12c to lec, thin 6c to 8c;
geese 100 to 11c; turkeys, 14c to ltle for
choice small lots.
Potatoes - Oetario, 65c to 75c per bag
on track here, 75c to 85e out of store;
eestern, 70c lo 80c on track and 80e to
90c out et store.
Baled Hay - $8 per ton for No. 1
th-- -my, in car lots here, and $6 for
No. 2.
Straw - Car lots on tea& are
quoted unchanged at 26 per ton.
Montreal, Jan. 30. - Grain -A perlod
of inactivity Seems to have arrived In
the local grain market. Oats continue
very strong. Sales were mede this
morning at 40e for No. 2 white. The
local flour mexecel. was steady. .13ran
continues firm. There is a fair Made
passing in sborts and mouille at steady
prices. Baled bay is somewhat weak
in tone and nrices are unchanged. The
demand is only fair. and the supply is
said to he 'very large.
Peas -79c f.o.b. • per bushel. .
• Barley - Manitoba No. 3, 47%e; No.
4 453ree to 46c.
Corn - Amcirican mixed, 53c; No. 3
yellow 53eam ete traele
Flour - Manitoba spring, wheal pat-
ents, $4.60 to ele.70; strong bakers', $4.-
20; winter wheat patents, $425 to $L30;
straight rollers, $4 to $4.10; do., in bags,
e1.85 to $1.95. extra, $1.65 to $1,75.
• Milifeed - 'Manitoba bran, in bags,
tine; shorts, 13e0 per ton; Ontario bran,
ir bulk, $14.50 to $15; shorts, $20, reined'
mouillen$21 $21,.; straight grain 111011.. -
Me. $25 to $27 'perOOTnt
Rolled Oats --- Per bag, $2.10 to $2.-
35.
Cornmeal -$1.e0 to $1.4.0- per bag,.
Hay -No. 1, $8.50 to $9; No. 2. $7.25
to $7.50; clover mixed, 26 to $6.50, and
pure clover, $6 per ton in car lots.
Cheese - The receipts of cheese this
morning were nil. The market is quiet
and, steady. Prices are unchanged at
13c to 13eee.
Butter -The receipts of butter this
morning were 352 packages. The mar-
ket is easier in tone and prices have de-
clined to 22jec to 23c for choice cream-
ery. There is no ex -port business _pass-
ing through And the local demand ts
only fair. Dairy butter is in good de-
mand. Prices are steady at 20c to 2ig0
101, rons and 193ec to 20etto in tubs..
Eggs - The receipts of eggs this morn-
ing were four cases. The market con-
tinues steady, with a somewhat weak
undertone. Prices are unchanged at
26c to 27c for "strictly fresb" and -23c
for selects: Limed are selling'at herrn
l'ec to 19c.
Previsions -- Heavy Canadian short
cut pork, $21; light.short cut, $20.; Amt.
ericen -aut clear fat back, $19 to $20;
conepound' lard, Gera to 7kc; Ctinadian
"Tele experience of the members of the
English twistociscy in the cattle busi-
ness in the United States have left a
fund of amusing anecdotes in the
Southwest," said R. LnCarlin, who was
an employee of the Texas and Pacine
lle canteens were quickly established in
Manehu houses.
"These carried cigarettes, writing pa-
per, post cards,, beer, imitation brandy,
imitation whiskey, imitation port, imita-
titan sherry, sake and sometimes Ma- posits by children, and the very pour most daily. His family name was Finch,
nil°. cigars, . postmen in the rural districts carry and with him were his two brothers,
"Japanese are keen traders. Not 200 with them the facilities for the pur- Clem arid Dan Finch, a relic -king blade
feet back of the . Nanshan battery one Pose. known as Lord Harry Gordon and an
Mit a. special permit. .After receiv-
ing his book the new depositor can
haVe entries made at any post-oftice
in the kingdom. Deposits may also
be nuide by postage stamps up to
0-03 per month. To encourage de. -
"1 have a keen remembrance of the
I.:art of Aylesford, who bought a ranch
near. Big Springs, Tex., about 1884 rr
1885. I was living at Big Springs and
saw the Earl and his companions al-
(lay in the seven day battle of the Sha -
ho there was a Japanese pedler selling
cigarettes, Chinese sweetcakes, rice and
twee to the reserves. During that same
battle the canteens were never more
than three miles back of the front of
the trenches. '
"As the Japanese soldier's pay is only
$1.36 a month, and. the army savings
banks had, considering that, phenom-
enal deposits, there was not much spend-
ing money in the army. A bottle of laeer
cost 10 cents and a packet of cigarettes
about 3 cents.
"Whenever there was a trying battle
• the Commander in Chief would order
sake distributed as a ration. On the
Mikado's birthday, a year ago one extra
double packet of cigarettes was distri-
buted to each man M the field. This
cost the Emperor more than $15,900.
Otherveise, when' the distribution. was
possible ten cigarettes a day went with
the reghlar ration. -
"One day in a periodical received at
camp there -was a solemn poem 'celebrat-
ing the 'abstinence of the Japanese from
drink. This caused concern. among the
Japanese officers, who disliked the em-
phasis laid upon the difference between
their army and a European army, and
the Commissary -General told the foreign
observers:
"'Our soldiers like drink as well as
any other soldiers. Sometimes they
need it when they cannot get it, and we
send it to them in •the trenches.' '
"As a Matter of fact, though the peas-
ant at home has a hard enough tirne to
supply himself with food, he is not more
averse than other people to strong liqu-
or once he learns the taste alit. Many.
a man will go home from the campaign
with tastes he never had before.
"The matinfactere of beer is still a
young indu.stry in Japan, but from the
time the process was imported it has
grown to enormous proportions.
"Headquarters, even battalion head-
quarters in underground bomb proof
trenches, were always supplied with
beer or sweet wine. Marshal Oyama
liked sweet cbampagne. The strategist
of the war, Gen. Kodaind, drank claret
with. every meal."
•
tug raised at points both north and It is as fat as the valley of the Nile. In
hianitoba, where the land has been used
south.
Leaving the United •States boundary over and ietrii for wheat, the crops are
and travelling northward, the land almost twice those of the United States.
grows better. This is especially so at Our average falls lower and lower. 11
and is now only about thirteen bushels to the
the west, where there are trees
patches of thicket scattered over the acre, while the average in Canada is
plains. The spring wheat region begins twenty bushels or more. Much of this
with the Red river valley in Manitoba neW land produces 30 and 40 bushels,
and runs northwesterly in a great tongue and here about Edmonton the fa.rmers
or triangle, spreading as it goes. discuss 50 bushels as a possible winter
I find much difference In the quality- wheat yield. A good average on the
of the land. Some pieces are excellent, new lands well farmed would probably
others are of a medium grade, and not, a be 25 bushels per acre, or almost ttvice
few decidedly poor. The country is what we are getting in the United SI nes.
covered With a network of stres.ms. The While at Winnipeg I had a chat with
mighty Saskatchewan, which compares Charle,s N. Bell, who is considerecl one f
in size with the Mississipi flows through the best authorities on wheat raising 'n
Itis wheat belt from west to east empty- the Canadian Northviest. Ile is the
ing into Lake Winnipeg, and from there secretary of the Winnipeg Board in
going on through other streams into Trade, and has held the position for
years. He came to Manitoba when it
Hudson's Bay.
1 aro now writing on the balks of the was a wilderness and has travelled all
fl
Saelcatchewan. It is navigable for small over this region again and again. Saki
boats for about 1,000 miles; and during he
the summer it is used largely by settlers. "According to the threshers' returns
They come here to Edmonton on the our wheat crop of last y -ear averaged
railroad and float their effects down to about 24 bushele per acre, this average
the homesteads which they have picked corning from more than 4,000,000 acres.
out upon the banks. They Use flatboats Some of the crops were far mere and
• and rafts just as the pioneers did along some much less. We have all kinds of
the Ohio in our early dews. I have be. farmers, and many Einemetin inunit
fore me maps which shotv what borne- grants do not get the been Out of the
steade have been taken. The lands are twit --
pretty well absorbed on both sides of the "Is there much difference in theneheat
river for a, distanee of 1,000 tellies. Many land?" I asked.
little towns have. sprung up, The Same "Yee, although they are generally goo&
is true everywhere along the new rail. throughout. The settlets have MAMA 'IP
roads, titers being something like 40 patehee here and there over a large ex -
new towns on the Canadian Northern tent of territory, end nearly every farm
alone, Indeed, the whole wheat belt Is is yielding from 2510 30 bushels per
peppered with hontesteads, although not acre. The wheat, territory has 'thus been
• live pa oent. of the geed land has been pretty Well prospected and we know that
Occupied, and the greater part of it is most Of the weary is good."
• yet unbroken. "What is your possible wheat acreage,
Theee CanadianS are enthusiaste. Mr. Bell?" I asked.
The.y look at things through eyes like "It is greater .than that of the United
• these of Colonel Sellers, and they are ex. States. We haVe here something like
peening eventuelly to supply not only 320,000 square miles of ;Wheel leads in
Canada and Great Britain, but also the elglet. Divide thie by half, setting the
United States arid other countries with balAnee agide for bad land and mixed
Wheel,. They say that. the United States farthing propoeitiene, and there is left
grolvPlig so that it will °onetime ail e60 000.square tinkle, In round rani/here
.the greet% it en rale°, and that our wheat it is, 100,000.000 acres, arid the preba. raw haVe SOInethill4 LO nrotal ef.
HOW BRITONS SAVE,
Some, idea can be gained as to how
the British save their earnings when
ft is mentioned that nearly $2,000,000,-
000 are now invested in building soci-
eties, friendly and co-operative socie-
ties, trade 'anions, and savings hanks;
and as theee are iostitenons mainly
patronized by the peer and the middle
cia,ssee, the amount stated reflects great
credit upon thier thriftiness. Altogether,
it is prOlia.ble that we may estimate lite
total :savings of the poor at tee,250,000,-
000, or even $2,500,000,000 --an enorm-
ous sum, which many fail to comprehend.
In other words, the savinge of the poor
of Great BrIlain would more titan pay
two-thirds of the National Debt, or
tvould keep and maintain' the British
Army for a period of soteething fif-
teen yeere, at the present Wite of ex-
penditure, Been the Internet, on the
peOr's savings would he euilleteet to
build and equip 0out, ten ill:et-Masa hat-
tle-shipe, inereonwee wheeli 'cog serne-
thing over kJ-1(0MM apiece, So the
To get a book the depositor signs
an agreement that he understands
the rules, and that he will accept no
receipt for deposits except the ad-
hesive stamus, etc. Withdrawals of
funds may be made at any post -
office on application within fifteen
days after the last deposit. For
withdrawing sums between $96.50 and
$1.93, ore month's notice must be
given; for $193 to $579, two months
and for sums above $579, six
months.
The management is a general coun-
cil of twenty-four members and a
president, a board of six directors,
and a general manager. All are ap-
pointed by the kind for six years,
The general manager is subject tt
dismissal, and may not be a member
of either .House of Parliament. Tee
system is • constantly growinn in
favor.
•,
HOW ANNuITIES ARE PAID.
But" the Belgiew lite annuity and
life insurance adjuncts arensomething
unique. Yet , they are apparently
SUCCOSSttalY c9nducted to the entire
satisfaction of King Leopold's sub-
jects. There are no. data, however,
showing the extent of their opera-
tions. By the required payments in.
to the Government annuity fund per-
sons can secure for themselves or tlie
• benefit of others life annuities that
cannot be seized for debt, and more-
over, secure tlacepayenent of the cap-
• ital paid. in for the annuity to the
beneficiaries' heirs after death. Pay-
ments for annuities can be made at
all post -offices, national. bank agen-
cies, and branches of the savings
batik., The largest annuity paid by
the..dovernment on such deposits is
$231.60 per annum; the smallest,
ono franc (19.3 cents). Annuities
do not begin until the age of fifty,
and are payable annually. Annuities*
to begin immediately- on the payment
of the necessary capital may be ar-
ranged for. It can be arranged so
that the whole eapital goes to the
fund after heath, which gives the an-
nuitant larger annuity. A person
depositing e193 at the age of twen-
tY-five Would receive annually after
fifty 238.30; if contracted to begin at
fifty-five, $56.90; at sinty, $8e.10;
at sixty-five, 8149.80.
ALL lc...INDS Ole INSURANCE.
In connection with this annuity
fund is an insutance funcl. -Web
straight life and the endoWment pol
icy may be contracted for. Endow-
ments can be made payable at tilt.
end of ten, fifteen, twenty, or twen-
tentive years, or for period ending
at fiety-tive, sixty, or sixty-five years
of age. The contractor must be
twenty-one, a rid the beneaCiar,y at
least twentenoee, atal not over fifty
floe. The large:et sum gm be parcl any
one 'town on a policy is :Steen!): ti
anneal premium of $19.30 from a
Episcopal clergyman know as Bishop
Bernard.
"Locally, the, Earl Was called 'Judge,'
which he did not resent. He was re-
ported to have an income of £55,000 a
year, and his expenditure indicated that
his means were large. He bought a
frame hotel at Big Springs, which he
used exclusively for himself and party
when they were not at his ranch. He
once- was owner of
A BIG SPRINGS SALOON
for One night. He paid $6,000 for the
establishment and presented it next
morning to the man from ewhorn h
bought it. I never saw any members
of his party pay for anything. They
played ,p001 and billiards frequently in
o local resort, smoking the best cigars
and taking their drinks regularly. At
the close of their games .the tickets were
cashed by the Earl.
• "The Earl 'and his friends were great
sporteMen." In the Odd they often used
.20 calibto, guns. for birdee shooting pin-
-fire shelle imported from England. The.
countries of the world, and tnh collection
ot :furs, skins and heads, was of great
Earn had bunted in an" the big game pure
value. His ranchnmuse was filled with abattoir 'dressed hogs. MO to $1.0.25,
110; kettle rendered,
cording to size; bacon, 14%c; fresh -killed
bard, 10Kc
11Y,.c to llerce hams, 12c Jo 13ere ae-
them. In cedar chests he kept photo-
graphs and mementos of his life abroad.
His ranch house was burned by acci-
dent one night, and was destroyed with
all its contents.
" was invited once to join his party
in a winter hunting trip, and during the
expedition saw a surprising illustration
of the bath loving Englishman. The
weather was cold and I had arisen
earlyn chilled to the marrow, and was
shivering near the cook's fire, when
Gordon crawled from his sleeping bag
to dress. About fifty feet distant was a
pool of water covered with a thin coating
of ice. 'Bless me soul,' shouted Gordon,
'what ti jolly chawnee for a bath,' and
he plunged Mto the water, breaking the
ice as ho.went and follothed by the Earl
and his brothers. The sight was exCrU-
elating to a warmth loving American,
tut the bodies of the Englishmen glow-
ed pink and l'ecl
• IN THE FROSTY AIR.
"Despite his youth -he was about thir-
lee:eight-Um Earl was looked• upon as
haraidelgdoenrely thb man obey, mci csooreopnanpaiTitins. 151.1eildee
penalty. When his phySielan called ono
nornina the Earl, who had been
country dressed, $8.75 to $9.50 alive; $7.-
75 for mixed lots.
Egge-New laid. 26c to 27c; selects,
23c; No. 1 candled, 1'7c to 18e per doz-
en.
leutter-Choicest creamery. 22Xc to
2301 undergrades, 22c to 22%c; dairy,
20erc to 21c.
Cheese -Ontario, 13c to 13Xe; Quebec,
12c.
•BUFFALO MA TIKETS.
13nffalo, .Tan. 30. --- Flour Quiet and
eleadv. Wheat -- Snring lower; N. 1
northern, 90%e; winter. No. 2, nothing
doing. Corn - Unsettled; No. 2 yellow,
473/,e to 48r; No. 2 corn. 47%c nominee
Oa ts-Du l 1 by t, stead y; 2 wit I.e. 851c
No. 2 mixed, 34erc. Barley-Stenely;
Western, 45 to 550. Rye -No, 2 71c.
NEW YORK WHEAT MARKET.
New York, jam 30 . Wheat -- not
weak: No. 2 red, 85%e 'f.o.b. elevator:
No. 2 read cow, Lea). afloat; No. 1
northern, ,Pewee vane:0e
CATTLE mAnKET. ,
Toronto, Jan. 30. -- There twie per -
several days, uskod that his pulse be ittnins ,1,10 roarlited , advartete in pricee,*, nue-en_
t;o1 licierib.aveWaelti)0511,111(iiig[lee'ellt 8111111°nUliildteSsntyo, it:‘1;4":'!", litc,.TifITTIIIIIP:(:.''daeb‘nmvu:Ita"serniiirsleicirlif'iolioits1-,:°:11,111):sel,T:scli111.1(;:oroeic'ef':sv\tiva.5'53-bociltvt°1elibiele
satmliclirialitToUP.11Y'liteitatifte4t, '2;r0te:ornurakolpn.hgli0h:1.8,' erxe: nnichor _. plekod ico's it '.1 ' t' will °0111ear
plied the Den, v10110111 a Ironer, 'give 2;eige,1,1,1, ,e1rItts ,°1f,oring• sonic bolter peices
erirl?ctian gevoloidiskebeie ftilfr:'''seieniliptdiercillIflis°1glAalissi, 01.*:0:1t1'ye:t\l,60:lavillieirt'll:10:11,:::toti.:(olaitiri}g01):::1)411:111'f:0:0(i(171,5110
i,(Indei eg \r\p•jitlh ottmlcoen go : sigh tLsirprireidng::1f 011:8 8:fill: Iffitin,1187',:es\tvh,r110,s1d1)s:stitild, .fatit,nr.21.i 1142.0640. n2. 51 n it: 0:4 .40s, 6 si2:4411
an"celeirvt"ceigb°1eng,er.ain business At the little
The rate WAS ttt,10 a word, end the "wte were tvell.finishecl heavy mitten.
. , • ,
person thirte-five years °lel leaves his tscvlaCrgxiett'isrtf::iVie0:11711:1°C1:10°°;111fSer10:111: rtillnii:gl:altnt:dia(n:11;1:01 s':1:81'01:::::1,11'11;1:::::11)0°1:1:11,r1:0.11e: IrlleloiSila,l‘tiVret:t81:::180:14oan:(1:1:12fnot4:::$:0501111 \olvi)tailli,
heirs co follows: If contracted to pay frorri the Prince of WaieSr. noW King (lutlilv. ,
oable waa used as if the Senders were
until lifty-five, $556.32; sixty, 2639 e Edwned. The hody of the Earl was fait -
foe' an' ehelovemerit, geceives ot eine pltysicien 'Tolima that. .. net Purr8 liyee I .""t*tt :ithetwe iteet ,f1C,, tv.1.4...,i 1;,c; , ,, ,
6th,iirtsyi7:fitvy.e.fiyeitivrri,g8,6113rilwAiiiipsTel.41o,tric).unof eni:eilitloinmEtelriy Ifiel1111,1sinitar.ctinitnleieitolrelittinininet):;(fl; .5s1:;111:11(it2:::(!;.ii),IP,i1;1::,;i::,1,i:1,1::;:lliidsot.-fralo,i1::!:, ;:.r.,..e::::„ !Ili
Ugh WU* tileS, 0, setae: At fifty-five, weighed feurteett pound. ' ,