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Exeter Advocate, 1900-3-1, Page 71 el e•Oes,0eraesCes,O•s,O•c.O,e0es0,c,O,o,p,e•Cle.p,e•O•wOsigneee.00 a,O,a,p: e) e.0.e.0ege.n,p,e,O.o,p,e,Osea e.O seO,aO, 0es0e..0.0•0,e 0.0.O,e0 fee•6000000 airs •®p•••• ..00•0•® •.00000 a900Q0Of se oeq.Dee,o.n,O.••o,e.0ea,oesc eeo:.e0•e,O.e,O,,O.e,o:e.O,aOeso•eo,s,oeeeeeo,e.oi0•aep.e,0ee•Oeeepro,ono•O•a,O•e ewes ,e.oe.pw•O•w.pseceiso 0 oo r n 4. 0.O 4•f o�° ! o•i OF THE BRITISH o 0 °•° °f 40,f 0 0 •_ f m +Of O.0 0 f•l 1 }3Y.SINCLAIR HOLIES, o01 4.4 1.4 ee. - w. 0 n...•• 0 r. s.}. .N - ..n 0 .e. w. .♦.. ». •e• •e. •e. .e. -.e. ,w,0.«Oee.,e,,p,e.O,e•0.e.p.aO.e.O.e.O•e•0•e.0».0".e,0,«O,e,0.p0. 0 o 0 0 .o o o o v»•o.»o o•«o o 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 • �..� ,� •f 4• • • • • • • • •• • • lie • 9 ®'i m • • • • • • ••• r • 0 • • • • ®,i.0•«Ow•04-0y0-e.O•r:Ore.p.w9.«O+:04,0,.•O.o.O.s.O.e•O.e.Oee.O.rep•..p.e.°yp•e,pa.°.cep.a.°.a°w,O.a°.a0.«0•«0•0.O.e.04.0 e,OwO+ Oe«Q The officers who are o the Boers onlythose who have recently now leading the Inasmuch as Lord Roberts with y fOL British force in South Africa against the Boers are the pick of the army list. It is quite true that e' . n the first divi- alone sent out were commanded by seu wbo were better known' as "war office pets" than as fighting leaders. GENERAL LORD ROBERTS. ut there has been a change of policy since Magersfonteln and Alodder River. In the early days of the war the British spoke of the expedition" which they weresending to the Transvaal` That was when Buller was talking about eating Christmas dinner in Pre- toria. The English have ceased to re- fer to the war as "an expedition;" also they have summoned their best fighting leaders and cent them to the front.. Fine looking leaders these men are, goo, each and every one with his repu- tation, his title and his glittering med- als. Alas, many of them have left only their titles and their medals! Their reputations, won in India for the most. part, Ile buried along the borders of the Boer republics. In sending Lord Roberts, the hero of India, and Lord Kitchener, the, hero of the latest Sudan campaign, the British war office admitted the gravity of the situation: Lord Roberts has reached the verge of threescore and ten. and it was supposed that he had done his work. A year ago the suggestion that s GENERAL r3ULLER. the affairs of the empire could reach much a grave crisis as to bring him from practical retirement would have been laughed at as absurd. Yet such a crisis has occurred, and Lord Roberts Os again In harness. "Bobs," as he is affectionately called, is the: idol of the nation. At the queen's 2ubilee, when he was in the procession to St. Paul's, be received almost as much of an ovation as did the aged queen herself. He is a soldier's officer. ]EIs very name inspires Tommy At- kins to deeds of valor. This man. who was selected from a Iist of eight field marshals and 14 full e' fledged generals and has been sent to save the destiny of the,Britisb empire in South. Africa, is a small, tanned, wiry, withered up little man of about give feet in the perpendicular, and he weighs but little over 100 pounds. His full name is jFrederick Sleigh Roberts. Like so many English officers, Lord lltoberts may be said to have laid the foundation for bis military career on the cricket fields of Eton and at 19 GENERAL EITCRENER. was already fighting the Afghans as a lieutenant of the Bengal Horse artil- lery. Before he was five and twenty. he had had five horses shot under hint in battle,had been Cavite wounded, "R„e„re- atedly mentioned In the dispatches" and bad wen the Victoria crass; which constitutes the climax of every Eng- eishnian'e ambition. characteristic modesty, refrains from giving any description in his book as to bow be won his Victoria cross, the only reference to the matter being a brief mention in a footnote of three lines to the effect that it had been awarded to him, it may be just as well to state that It was conferred upon him not for one, but for several, feats of con spicuous gallantry at the battle of leho- dagange, during the mutiny. In one instance he rescued a regimental flag from several sepoys, attticking them single banded and cutting two of them down, the others taking to flight. On the same day be rescued a wounded native officer' from several sepovs. kill- ing'one of the latter on the spot by a sweep of the saber, which split the man's 'skull. What has won for him more fame, however, ' than anything else was his march to Kandahar. He bad captured Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan, aft- er the massacre of the Luglish envoy there, Sir, Louis Cavagnari, when news '" a`' ' was suddenly brought to him of the 4 ���� crushing defeat of General Burrows at Maiwand, the routed forces, which GENERAL WARREN. had lost their guns, being compelled le expected great things of himself. to take refuge in Kandahar, where,But England's confidence In Buller' has they were besieged by Ayub Khan.been shaken. Without a moment's hesitation Lord Roberts started with a force of 10,000 men from Kabul to relieve Kandahar. arrived bave succeeded in preserving there nutations which theytook with I o0 them to the lower end of the dark con- tinent. When General Sir l 1edverp Buller was sent to take command, great things were expected of him, and, if he has been reported correctly, GENERAL METHUEN. For the space of three weeks this ex- pedition disappeared entirely from hu- man ken. At length it emerged from the trackless and, for the most part, waterless regions between Kabul and Kandahar and under the walls of the latter city fought a battle and won a brilliant victory, inflicting a crushing defeat upon the Afghans. This is not the first time that Lord Roberts has been ordered out to South Africa. He was assigned to the chief command there after Majuba Hill, but on reaching the Cape found that the Gladstone government had in the meantime concluded peace with the Boers. In many ways the direct antithesis of Lord Roberts is General Horatio Herbert Kitchener, lord of Khartum, who is second in command. He is more than six feet in height for one thing. His reputation has been won, GENERAL t3ATACRE. in Egypt and the Sudan instead of in India. He is not a soldier's 'officer. In fact, he 1s personally unpopular with his men, but they have great confidence , In him, and wben they know tie is planning things they are genetelly sure that ail will be for the best, with victory at the end. Kitchener is a second Moltke in the machitrelike precision of his calculat- ing mind. Ile is a brilliant example of tbe scientific soldier, the civilizing, rail- road :building, administrating modern Caesar and also the genius incarnate of military organization. Ile is known as that general "who leaves nothing :un done,"' One of the secrets of his due eels is the fact that he always makes It a point to master the vernacular of the country or district in which he may chance to be campaigning. The brilliant Sudan Campaignsgof this , remarkable fighter are of too recent a date to be expatiated on here. Fifteen years of hard work, it must be remem- bered; preceded his brilliant victory at Omdurman. But in South Africa them was no chance for preparation. He tdnde nothing but fighting cut out for him. Of the other. British officer's a!em- mandinig divisions In the War R,gainat' General Buller was known prior to recent events as one of the fighting. aristocrats. He gained the Victoria cross and most of his reputation by fighting the Zulus. He has found the Boers a very different proposition. Early in his career he won favor with Lord Wolseley. This war during the China war of 1860. He also took part in the Red river expedition and was chief of staff ib the Gordon relief ex- pedition of 1884. But whatever ,pres- tige he ever had has been sadly` dim- med. General Methuen's reputation, which went down in that catastrophe on the Modder river, was, it might almost be said, a heritage. He comes of a dis- tinguished family of soldiers and dip- lomats. As the heir to a peerage It was a comparatively easy matter for him to gain promotion when he went in for`an army career. His active serv- ice consisted of a few months during the Bechuanaland, campaign, when ha GENERAL KELLY -KENNY. commanded a cavalry force which he organized himself and which was known as elethueu',s Light horse. General William Forbes Gatacre, who met his Waterloo at Stormberg, has seen service in India, He also served under Kitchener in the Sudan. General Gataciee was born in 1843 and entered the army when he was 19. From 1875 to 1879 he was instructor In surveying at the Royal Military col- lege, Sandhurst; quartermaster general at Aldershot during the following year, and military secretary to the com- mander in chief at Bombay in 1881. General Kelly -Kenny, in command of the Sixth division, is having his first experience in South Africa. He served In China and in Abyssinia. General Sir Charles . Warren, whose name will henceforth be associated with the disaster at Spion 'top. was ex- pected to be an Invaluable assistant to Buller, for he had the reputation of knowing South 'Africa as well as any GENERAL WHITE, 13oer. He served there against the Kaflirs and as a member of the Royal engineers surveyed the new boundaries of Griqualand West when that terri- tory was taken front the Orange, Free State: Such are the leaders who are con• ducting the campaign against the 13oera A PECULIAR INSTITUTION, ASltaip Which lies No hexa, Pay tit• ,Einployes Goo,( Wages sacs..., bieehe }lie Profits. Time was when book -making was a labor of love, writes 1,1argaret Ban- croft in the Buffalo Times. , In those clays, when the patient -hearted mei* of the middle ages was willing to spend a decade -ie. the creation and affectionate embellishment of one pre- cious volume or even one tiny por- tion of a volume, the making of a hook or a missal was a serious and holy task. As Austin llobson, has sighed, the very spirit of the man was to be found in the book he had made. Later, too, came those early Venetian printers, who, with unhur- rying and loving : hands, carved their. wooden blocks, chaptured, initialized and rubricated their elfin decorated pages and ,left strange old volumes for which the fin de siede collector now scours all Europe. Nowadays, ' however,' our huge steam presses , pound ' out their ten thousancl volumes, and the machine - made thing of paper and cloth ., is looked upon much the same as a gel- atin capsule holding together a few grains of thought dust. Tho prin- ciple of tbe Venetian printer is out. of date and his manner o1, book -make, ing almost a lost art. In the village of East Aurora, in the State of New York, however, there lures a, book -maker who has a good deal ' of the mediaeval , monk about him. The magi's name is El- bert Hubbard, and to say that he is the William Morris of Arnorjca would make the shade of the poet publisher who once operated the Kelmscott press hug his golden harp with pleas- ure, for if there is a man who de- serves a harp it is he who has labor- ed for the salte of the thing to bo done. This is the doctrine which is preached by Elbert Hubbard, and }what the pastor of the Society of Philistines preaches ho also practices. As Emerson once said, if a man shall do a piece of work incomparably bet- ter than his fellows, the world will make a pathway to his door, though he live in a forest. And of Tato the people of America—and Europe, too,. for that matter—seem to be finding their way to the little village of East Aurora, where stands that quaint, chapel -like building known as the Roycroft Shop. This "shop" is the headquarters of the Society of Phil- istines, and from it is issued "every little while" that most eccentric and interesting little monthly known as The Philistine Magazine. But: it is for its beautiful : books that East Aurora has become famous, for no- where else in America are such crea- tions in book -making produced. The output of the "shop" is not large, for the work is all hand work, but the volumes that do go forth from the Roycroft all have on them the stamp of delicate and affectionate workmanship. This little country town printing plant gives free in- struction to the natives in water col- ors, crayon drawing and hand illum- inating, and whenever a young man; or woman on probation shows that his or her work is valuable, the shop at once hires the new artist, pays wages for work clone and at the end of year divides pytofits. At present. there are some hundred workers in the Roycroft Shop busy in making and adorning books, and all of these book -makers are Hubbardi:zed East Auroraos. The only importation in the Roycroft Shop is a Leipsic book- binder who works miracles in levant and teaches to the young Roycrofters the mysteries of his art. But this society of Philistines does other things besides making :hand-il- 1u:niinecl books. Under the leadership of 'their scholarly pastor they dis- cuss philosophy, paint pictures, edit a magazine, entertain hungry and in- digent authors and have an annual dinner to which all the faithful of the society are duly bidden. A prom- inent eastern college has recently con- ferred on Mr. Hubbard the degree of Master of Arts, in recognition of his achievements in the line of artistic book -malting. And surely Mr. Hub- bard is not without honor in his own country, being known as the author of a successful novel or two, numer- ous quaintly humorous philosophical essays and Emersonian preachments, on life and men and things,' to say nothing of the "Little Journeys," published by the Putnams. When not busy writing or 'making books Father Elbert Hubbard takes a spade and goes out and digs post holes for the. fence that is some day to. shat' off the Roycroft Shop from the undulating pasture fields of Feast Aurora, Often disguised with jaunty rail- lery, the " itoycrofters" of East Aur- ora, N.Y., are working out a ,coui- plex social and economic problem. They are doing a great work with a light hand. Think, if you please, of a manufac- tory that flus a fifteen -minute recess in the middle of the forenoon and the same in the afternoon, besides the hour at noon and a Saturday half - holiday, when all the wokers get out and play handball; that surrounds' its helpers with an atmosphere of art and beauty; that has a piano, bath rooms, and a library; that has no bosses; pays good wages and divides profits at end of the year, and you have the 7toycroft Shop. A New York bibliophile told me a row 'days ago that he made it a 'point to buy. every book that conies from tee Roy- croft Slibp. This man Hubbard, he said, would some day go, forth to the great beyond and with him would pass away the traditions with which he had endowed the Roycroft Shop. The output of the shop is necessarily small, the work, is substantial and will endure, and therefore, as ti, busi- ness investment, . the bibliophile in question held, every Hubbard book he added to his library was money securely and well spent. (Minos- Erkievnfulfi, Aex,epticina, y r ll. ugly ,lY old woman in Mine. can always snake a fait- living byacting as' bridesmaid at a wed- ding, �p poi A Chinesebridemakes a vent 1 of ,choosing only ugly women for her atiendn t• t;s in order that t they 'nay *et ka Solis to tett beli,ut:V. NEW lG3 BRIDGE BRITISH BUILDERS SPURRED ON BY THE ATBARA INCIDENT. It Was Erected in Sizto,e Working Pais .••1Remarkab1 Piste ef ';Ooneitraaltiou were by ',eyelet* iiritish efeehiautee •Have reitaiuoai Lost Laurel(■ Viand lgoattiti Uyitufl Stietesers at Thain Owu Gain'. The British bridge builders, spurred on by the urgency of the wdrk, . which was to replace the ,bridge across the Tugela, destroyed by the Boers; and also by a keen rivalry to regain some of their lost honors, which were ca p - tuzed by American.bridge-building firms, as for instance the 'Atbara bridge, have just turned out a piece of bridge work in remarkably short order. On "December: 21, a contract vas awarded for a five -span: bridge, 520, feet long, for Colenso, and a two -span bridge, 210 feet long, for, the Blaauwkrans River, at lereres, the contract calling for the complet- ion of the work and delivery on board transport in six weeks. As a matter of fact, the work was turned. out in sixteen working days by the Patent Shaft and Axletree Company: of Wednesbury, and the English pa- pers are now jubilient over having. "beaten the Americans at their own game," and hoping to "hear less of American records after this splendid performan ce." The , Colenso bridge - is sixteen feet inewe dtie andafter providibg for the single railway line of three feet six inches gauge, spaccis left at each. side for a footpath four and (one-half NEW COLENSO BRIDGE. feet wide. From the foot of the girders to the top of the arched brac- ing is sixteen `feet. A single span contains fifty-three tons of ' plates, thirteen tons of bars, twenty-sixtons of angles and thirteen tons of trees. The work is more noteworthy be- cause the contracting firm rolled all the material required for the bridges, working up the pig into the shape shown in the time mentioned. The illustration, reproduced from one ' of the English 'engineering journals, shows the Colenso bridge as it ap- peared set up and fitted together pre- vious to shipment. THE STORY OF A MALARIA GEM. What It Hasa to ('entered With in the 11"1" Theodore Waters, in Ainslee's, has edited the life story of a. - malaria germ. ' : >-Iere is the germ's description of a fight' with the phagocytes: "Just then a lot of our new-born brothers began crowding upon us from behind, and when we turned to remonstrate, we saw, away in the rear, a great commotion. A fight and a retreat was going on. It was a slaughter of the most horrible kind. There at the head of. the tide of blood were columns ofha p gocytes cutting into the rearguard of malaria germs, killing them, swallowing them whole and growing lustier as the process went on. It was an awful spectacle. I hung back, fascinated. A phagocyte would race down the current with a swift overhand stroke, reach out and grasp a microbe from bebin•d. Then the arm of the phagocyte would shorten, and, as it seemed to me, re- treat into the white monster's inter- ior, dragging the germ with it. Some- times a phagocyte wouldgrow fa- cetious, and would bump against a poor germ as though. shouldering him out of the road. Away would go the poor germ, swimming; fast in order to avoid the encounter, but his ene- my would then swim faster, striking him fair in the middle, and, with a slow motion going inside out like a glove, and actually taking the germ in ;with hiin. Ugh! 1 should have remained there in a sheer spell if my companion had not pulled me along with him. " 'What,' said I, 'a red cell? We called as we went onward. ' 'What,' said I, 'a red celll? We have just come from one!' 'Never mind,' he replied, ''find a red cell, and eat your way inside. It is our only chance. - See, the others are doing it!' "Sure: enough, zaany- of my brethren had selected good red blood cells and were penetrating the skin and Climb- ing inside to =escape, the phagocytes. It seemed to me so unfortunate, just as we had gained our freedom, but it was better than death. So we look- ed for cells. Every cell we came to, however, was beitig occupied, and it seemed ,to zne that the phagocytes were gaining on us when illy com- panion suddenly pulled me to one side and cried: 'Look out! look out! Keep away from that current near the centre there. It is worse than death!' " 'telat is it?'° I cried, for I could. see nothing. Don't you see?' he said, hugging the wall of the tunnel, 'there it is, that discolored streak, running near the centre of the stream. It is caus- ed by `r ha,t -men call quinine, and it is deadly if you swim in it.' te'IIow does it affect you?' bask- ed. " 'If you swlllovr it, it numbs yon metes you incapable of motion-- stupefies otion-stupefies and i:irevents. you climbing into a red blood cell—it is ` living death, and the friend' of the phago- cytes!' "X shuddered and swam on. At tee end- of a sower -like opening ley friend cleated to cnlo side and seized a red blood cell which was ueoecie pled. 11e began Work on it at once, "'Good-bye, brother(' lie said. 'Here is where i stop. I've work ! o do. Repo you'll get out of the Wet before our white f'riends cateli. you. Lock out for the quinine streaks:' e BUFFALO'S EXPOSITION' xatelientin14,1'i•eatinen t of Cloister WrY On the Goff rt of ties;„ SI /tell koerl,a!' T*•,iosp+,rtsti<r�i 11t1 id The, court of the machinery transportation building of the - Page, ,Ai'nericanExidsilioni which will b*' held at 1,iuffato Y.., on the Niagara, frontierduring' the summer months - of the year 1901peesents' an inter- esting treatment of cloister work_ Phe machinery- and transportation' bgilcling itself forms a hollow square with this court in its center. It is 200 feet long and 100 feet' wide, ties east',and' iciest ends opening respect- ively to the great entrances from than :grand canal and the court of the fountains,` while the great `'exhihiting- rooms of the mall side of the build-- ings, lie on either side. Along ;faech., A COURT ON CLOISTERS. side of this court, and extending the entire length, are roof -covered arcad- es under which the visitor may find rest. The pool itself is 175 feet long and 27 feet wide. The bank is sodded and planted on all sides, forming a pleasing frame or border effect:. the water is low, so OS to receive the re- flection of the growth around the pool. The fountain is an important fea- ture, placed in the centre of the pool, and giving life to the : scene and freshness to the atmosphere. Throughout the court 'are pleasant. walks and paths, bordered with Iow- growing shrubbery and plants, and.. at inter,cals at axis -points with the, arcades rare plants are placed .in great vases, making, a truly architec— tura( landscape effect. The entire' scheme gives the effect of an 'admir- able inclosure of :a mission cloisture,. and is planned as one of the many little oases for the refreshment of the weary sight -seer. AN ICE SuNGLASS. How Yon May Make a Snbatltute For: Matches en a Winter's. Day. A very surprising, thing may bee done with ordinary : ice. You may make a burning glass out of ice which will burn holes in paper and even start a fire in the woods. The only tool you will need will be a pocket- knife, and with this it may be well: to remember that no boy need' freeze to death in the woods when the :sun, shines and there is plenty of ices around. He may : make his fire as follows: Select the clearest iceyou. can find. In frozen ponds will often be found a little Hillock of ice caused by an eddy in the water beneath. Knock off a piece of this clear ice, and whittle it into the shape of a. double convex lens. You should have no trouble doing; this, for ice can be cut very easily- with asilywith a pocketknife. Perhaps it may be well to inform the uninitiated thay., LIGHTING A VIRE"}PITIT ICE. a double. convex .lens is one whiclis. bulges on both sides—that, is, it is shaped like figure '1.. It gathers up the rays 'of sunlight arid concentrates' thein against one spot, which is call- ed the focus point,'' Ordinarily a. lens is made of glass, but ice wily perform the same feat if correctly shaped. . First cut your : ice into a flat' piece a:little thicker than and as round as a silver dollar. 'It might be well also to leave a long sliver on one side of the circular piece to serve for a handle, When you have cut out your fiat, circular piece, scrape _ downthe edges, gradually working taward the = centre until you have, rounded off both sides. A:little 'prac-• tie' will enable you to do this even- ly, although you may waste or break two or three pieces of ice in the ef- fort. As you go along with the work of scraping put the rotund piece, or lens„ in your mouth every feta minutes. The heat of the mouth will not only polish the lens, but it will smooch. away those extremely fine ridges or knife marks Which might otherwise interfere with the concentration of the li6'ht. when your lens is finis' - ed, _it should' look like figilre 2. holding it a proper distance from a piece of paper, sny, about an inch. )t presently will set; the paper on fire, A son p1' - Con t t•r. In spite of British rule, India is still virtually a,'soapless country:, Throta,ghou.t the villages of Hindus- tan soap is, indeed, regarded, as es natural curiosity, and it is rarely, r ever,; kept iii stock by the native shopkeeper. In the'towns'it is now sold to a certain extent, but how snialI this is' may be gathered frost, the fact that the 'total yearly cot- stnuption of soap •in India is about 100,000 hundredweights --that is 'ilr say, `every 2,500 persons USC on nrt average only 1112 pounds of eosiia, amonte them—or, in other words., con'siderably ltss tlutn art ounce is, the stvernge consumption ie. p©rson.