The Exeter Advocate, 1898-8-12, Page 3•
SIR IN LIQTJID FORM..
UNQUESTIONABLY IT IS THE COLD-
EST THING KNOWN TO SCIENCE..
Now It Is Produced by Its Inventor.
Charles E- eaipier of New T ork—
woneerful eixpertments, Conducted bY,
the Cothanr Investigator, Scientist
and Capitalist—It Is Now a "Real
Dive Force."
(Special Correspondence.)
New York, -Tidy, 1898.. -=-Liquid Mr;
Which is the air sve breathe reduced to
liquid form under high pressure, is;about
the .coldest thing known to science,
1Xc
e t for a faint bluish tnthecoMing
Iuore pronounced as the liquid evaporates,
it loops like pure water. Each cubic foot
of liquefied air represents about 74S
cubic feet of ordinary air. A11 heat
origivally derived from the sun having
been practically expelled during compres-
sion, in returning to its gaseous state
immense power lies in its expansion. This
Tower, of highest efl cieney. is easily
controlled and utilized. Two distinct
fluids are present, liquefied nitrogen and
liquefied oxygen. The normal temperotom
Qf 11quld air is ale degrees below zele
Fabrenheit, or about 269 degrees eolan
than the perpetually frozen. Arretic
regions.
During the past ten years DIr. Charles
Tripler of New York has devoted his
time to improving and cheapening the
process of liquefying air, and experiment=
ing with the Mild. Ills machines now
liquefy ;air at the rates cif Oa ..Baan per
day and the eget is lees than 24 cents per
gallon. Dir. Tripler eeptet: to produce it
at a touch lower prise. It will thus
beeoine of inestimable commercial wine,
and promises to revolutionize Itreaent
agencies for reirit>,.=ration :anal power
pr.slut•tiau. Irs t~en+•rel Wt.. would disean-
tfntie the don;tnei for coal its this produe.
Bali of power. Tito new farce is mush
more powerful than „scans an farther
reaching in it; po eit:iiitiee than elaetri-
city, proposals front capitalists to
develop his inventions have been
showered upon vire Triple; blit his own
large fortune will enable hint to get
forward without their aid. lits apparatus,
taking the beat from the air, creates a
cold so intense that incoming air lique•
gee at attnespheri+.' pressure. At the
beginning steam power and a strong
eompressot: forced air into a series of coils,
sapper pipes and leaathor valve. In 16
CHARLES et TRIPLE&
Minutes from the beginning of the
process liquid air pours from a faucet at
the end of the route traversed. It is then
lsassod in°o another apparatus producing
a more intone() cold, and the external
,air, driven by natural pressure through
the inlet tube to fife the vacuum caused
by condensation, beeolm'a liquefied.
It has been found difileult to confine
the liquid tor transportation. Mr. 'Irinler
has succeeded in transporting it Tram
New Fork to Borten anti Wriehiugtou,
keeping it from evaporation for :id hours,
end now claims that it can be handled
without danger if the „uses are not con-
fined, If by chance the tops of the cans
were entirely Closed the fluid would
explode with terrific force, a gallon being
suflieiont to wrier': a building of the
strongest construction. Yet it snag be
dipped with an ordinary cup and poured
from one vessel into another as one pours
water; ,but if a tin dipper which bud
been immersed in liquid air for a few
seconds should bo dropped it would
,^•hatter like glass.
A few weeks ago a number of scioutifio
anon were invitees to witness 11Ir. Tripler's
experiments. Among them were Dr.
Cyrus Edson, Mr. James J. Pearson, an
authority on explosives, formerly with
the Armstrongs, warship builders; lir.
Herbert Tweddlo, one of the constructors
of the pipe line built by Great Britain
across Sahara desert; Lieut. George
Stenzel, inventor of airships, and Mr.
V4. E . Munn, editor of the Scientific
American.
During two hours a bewildering series
of experiments were performed before
these witnesses. A tumblerful of liquid air
was poured into a test tube about a foot
long and a little more than an inch sn
diameter. Tbo top was closed with a cork
through which three slender glass tubes
two feet long passed. These worn open at
both ends and dipped beneath the surface
of the fluid. This prepared tube was
;taken into the street and there immersed
in a tumbler partly filled with water.
;The pressure of the "air steam" was so
great that the cork- could hardly be held
in place and the liquid was forced
:through the small tubes in snowy jets
rising amid clouds of vapor to a height
of about 15 feet, and falling in a storm
,of snow and rain. If tho test tube bad
,been held in the hand the result would
have been the same, but in a few seconds
the haled would have been frozen. 'There
1s bonce no doubt ,that liquid air would
be of incalculable value in cooling rooms
lin summer.
In tleo next experiment fire was frozen.
A. tea kettle partly filled with liquid air
;was planed over the intense heat of six
•.Bunsen gas burners. It began instantly
Ito boil. Near the first kettle a second,
:'.also partly filled with liquid air, was
;placed upon a cake of ice. This liquid
pair began to boil harder than that which
:was over the fire. On lifting the kettle
;from the fire a sheet of ice was found
over • the bottom, thickest where the
ifiames bad been hottest. Dropping ice In
the kettle made It boil harder, and a few
;ounces of water caused it to gurgle,
'spout an spit and the lid could be held
on only with groat ditieulty. At the
folose of the experiment the kettle was
linverted and lumps of ice were found
inside, as dry as chalk. Scientists
}estimated that .power enough bad been
;,generated to run an engine. The "steam"
was ice Bold,
.A tin lemonade shaker half filled with
;liquid air was slowly revolved in a pan
ief water. The casing of toe which
Immediately formed around it, cracked
with the intense celd, After repeated
immersions; au ice oup was formed, thick
enough to handle after the tin oup had
been removed. The ice cup was partly
filled with liquid air into which Mr.
Tripler dropped a lighted cigaret. With a
single puff it was consumed, the ice cup
remaining uninjured. A white-hot carbon
rod was plunged into the liquid air in
the cup. It burned with intense bright-
ness. Heat carne through the lee whieh
was not melted or eraekefi.. A steel wire
h the cup. lighted with a match, burned
le
1:X;'El:tdliMS WITH LIgrgaiF.p Alit.
llkts a fuse, the bolt= of the cup being
eoverctt with pellets of steel, .During title
time the iee cult had been held on a
linen handkerchief, which was found to
be frozen so stlilly that it could be
broken ie the fingers. After :reinuiniteg
in the liquefied :fir for a few secends an
egg could he pounded into hits as flu% as
flour. Ben' beefete;ilt yielded the same
results. non taken from the liquid It
v;as so hard that it rang like silver,
ltttbher after liming been i itnel ed a
(OW seconds "became as friable as glass.
Leather. strange to say, was not afieoted
by the Auld.
If into crease, sweetened and flavored,
a spoonful of liquefied air be dropped six
Seconds of stirring will produce excellent
Ice cream. A nail they be driven into
wood with a bar at mercury, frolic* by
haring, the liquid air poured over is
The great explosive power of the fluid
WAS shown by pouring a teaspoonful into
a copper cube a Scot long, and seater.
at the bottom, A closely -fitting wooden
plug was driven in the ton. Within four
seconds, with a loud report, the plug
shot up 200 feat above the surrounding
buildings. Itspossiblo use as an exploitive
in war can hardly be imagined. It tray
also be of great value in cooling guns In
notion. It may also be used as motive
power in ships and may bo safely
handled. In an ordinary ougino, The
vessel would bo freed from the weight of
coal, and the necessity for coaling statioua
would no longer exist. In subtslaring
boats the motor would furnish all the air
needed for breathing, pure and cold, and
used in engines or aluw.leum and boilers
of paper it may perchance solve rho air-
ship problem. The surrounding atmos-
phere would furnish all the heat needed,
When liquefied air is delivered to our
houses in cans and bottles', coal and lea
trusts may become things of the past. As
a gornalolde it will prove of immense
value, as clothing may bo disinfected
readily by its use. It is said that the
molecules of oxygen aro brought nearer
moohanieaily in liquid air, hence any
carbon body ignited in close contact to
it will undergo expiation instantly,
resolving itself into its original gases,
with explosive energy. It is expected to
open up a new livid in the lino of safe
explosives, and is likely to be utilized as
a pulverizer of roiraotory substances, as
by its ovaporatiou they are made exces-
sively brittle in low temperatures, prob-
ably from the shrinking apart of their
molecules.
,Ir. Tripier says that he resolved 25
years ago to devote his life to produce
some power to supplant steam and
electricity. After experimenting with
many different substances and agencies
he becamo satisfied that in liquid air
could be found the power which would
revolutionize the world. As a motive
power, ho now thinks, it is no longer a
theory, but a "real lice force which
requires no conditional experiments."
LORD FARRAR HERSCHELL.
Head of the Quebec Conference on V. 8.
Friction 'With Canada.
Lord Farrar Herschell, who is now on
his way to this country as head of the
LORD FARRAR REESOn' LL.
British commission to adjust the differ.
enous between the United States and
Canada, was formerly Lord High Chan-
cellor of England, and is one of the load-
ing legal minds in the United Kingdom.
Baron Herschell is the first lord of his
name, His father was Rev. B. H. Hers-
chell, a country clergyman. The distin-
guished jurist was educated at Univers-
ity College, London, and at the
University of Bonn. He was called to
the bar in 1860, and in 1872 became a
Q.C. and a benoher of Lincoln's Inn. In
1874 he was elected to a seat in Parlia-
ment by Durham City, and represented
that'town, as a Liberal, until 1885. He
was Solicitor -General under Gladstone.
In 1866 ho was raised to the peerage as
Lord Herschell, He was unanimously
appointed president of the Itoyal Com-
mission which inquired into the working
of the metropolitan board of works.. A
second time he was made Lord High
Chancellor under Gladstone. He is a
G.C.B., with honorary degrees from
Oxford and Cambridge .As a jurist Lord
&eesobell . bas no superior in. Europe.
The oommisaioners for the United States
are John W. Foster, Reciprocity Com-
missioner Hasson, . Senators Gray and
Fairbanks, and ' Congressman Dingley.
!Lhe Canadian commissioners are Sir
Wilfrid Laurier, Sir Louis . Davies, Sir
Richard Cartwright and Mr. Charlton,
M.P.
REIGN OF MAMMON.
AN ENSLAVED. PEOPLE HELD IN BOND-
AGE BY DEBT.
Our Country Appears to "Be on the Wink
of Kinin Watch It Cannot Escape, but
Dad Is on the Side of Jastlee, and the
Forces of Reform Must Triumph.
The More any man analyzes this ques-
tion of mammon worship the clearer he
will see that "the love of money is the
root of all ovil,"
bear in. mind that interest is the sac-
rifice
awrifice demanded: by this money god. The
worship of the true God teaches "owe
ito Iran anything," "Giro to hila that
asketh of thee, and from him thatwonld
borrow tuna thou not away," "no 804
and lend, hoping for nothing,,,
Mammon worship itt emeenee le puke
debts, By every possible device, in ev-
ery conceivable way, make debt., Debt
is slavery. When everybody is ilt debt,
then everybody is enslaved. This is the
result of natural debts. Everybody in
that nation is bound, bonded, enslaved.
The Lesson why it was stated that Mee
diseased state of the world had reached
the last stage is this: National debts
are never to be paid. They are to be
pernntnent. They come to stay. It is
the capstone, stone, the climax of MIIMMOn
worship. (god's love of liberty, of free-
dom, is completely set aside. Every -
hotly lsi the bonded uatiets is forced to
liar interest, to sacrifice to this golden
trance.
Ware have been shade to 'bond nations
and are wed now toincrease their debts.
Our country is completely under the
reign c:f mammon. worship. ".Elsie 'war
with Spain will be made to produce an-
other crop of bends. irY3sllcs wo pow as
a nation of free Hien, who levo huruau-
ity so well that we make war to free
Cuba, wo propose to inereaso the bond-
age of our own citizens and posterity at
the sante time.
Every war increases national debts,
Every debt is another link in the chain
that binds the race in slavery. And as
this system of bandage is permanent the
doaru of the .race is slavery. That is the
culmination et our mammon idolatry:
The debts of the railroads and corpors,-
times are to be permanent too.
The policy of civil gavernntontevery-
where defeats the worship of God. No
nation on earth worships God. He de.
signs the race to be free and happy.
Tbe ,policy now is to shake men ttlaves
and miserable.
Dobbs will accomplish this tend.
Where is the agency to defeat this? If
any party opposes bonds, debts and in-
terest, it is opposed by the government
with all its power and by the church
too. Why? Because both believe in in-
terest. Interest, usury, or this por cent
sacrifice to ourmium:eon god, is the tap-
root ovil of the world politically.
So if the church and governments of
earth are left to free the world slavery
is to be its eternal doom. God's pur-
poses will be forever defeated, Old sa-
tan will bo master of tho world for all
time. But the "Lord reigns, let the
earth rejoice." If God had not revealed
in the Bible by prophecy that saten's
kingdom would be overthrown on earth,
we 'would be left in Hopeless despair.
But wo have "a more sure 'word of
prophecy." We are tot kept in the
dark. "The kingtloms of this world
are to become the kingdoms of our God
and his Christ, and bo is to reign for-
ever" (Revelation xi, 15). The devil bas
held a mortgage on the governments of
the world for near 0,000 years, and the
time is hero for tbo great God to lift it.
The prophet Daniel saw a great image
with a head of gold (chapter 2), and four
great beasts calve up out of the sea (chap-
ter 7). These represented four great em-
pires that would arise in the world in
succession. Standing on this high pro-
phetic eminence, the prophet saw the
Persian empire which overspread the
earth at that time go down, and the
Meda -Persian come up and go down,
and the Grecian empire come np and
spread over the world and then go
down, followed by the Roman empire
that was symbolized by a beast diverse
from all others, having "great iron
teeth," signifying the cruelty of its
reign. Then be saw a stone, out ont of
the mountain without hands, smite the
great beast and become a great moun-
tain and filled the whole earth.
In another place this stone kingdom
or government is called the "ancient of
days," or a return of the true republic
which God instituted in Israel. That
was the first republic on earth. Their
God told them to choose men to rule
over them "who feared God and hated
covetousness."
In another place this last and final
form of government for the world, this
stone kingdom, is described as the "peo-
ple of the saints of the Most High tak-
ing the kingdom and possessing it for-
ever, even forever and ever."
Old Daniel saw what we now witness
--viz, the people coming to the front
to take the civil governments and con-
trol them.
Old satan's kind of government has
always been kingdoms or monarchies.
The king claimed to rule by divine
right, but it was by devilish wrong.
God's form of government was repub-
lican..Israel clansoreO for a king to rule
over them, to be in fashion with other
nations, and God gave them Saul for a
king under protest. Our republic is the
Israel restored, the nation "born in a
day,'.' and the only government that
ever was born in a day. Mammon idol-
atry has perverted our republic lentil it
is only a republic in name. Instead of
choosing men "who fear God and hate
covetousness" we elect men who seek
office in order to make money regard-
less of God or man. The man who
cones out of office without being rich
has missedhis opportunity.
Mammon idolatry rules everything
now, politically and religiously. No
man can succeed now in church or state
rimess be has the mark of this beast in
s forehead and in his hands.
_ T.he oalr way JP. teonre refora any -
HIGH DIVING, ELK,
Mae Camera Catches One of Its Dios$
wonderful Feats,.
In conversation the other day, Will J.
Barnes of Sioux City, Iowa, said:
Some people have an eccentrio hobby,
others have a hobby that appeals to the
general run of beings as sensible and
proper. Whatever you may call my
booby, it is one Om has taken complete
possession of me, and I am proud of the.
ie
if. es it
Kroll DIVING EI 11.
sensation it rats ye. bZy hcbloy is, nay
divine vll:s, whiceh 1 shim to to the roost
wonderful tutilnals in the world. Dui
then lmrhaps I am prejudiced in their �
favor, as I educate.f thein and taught
theta the trick, that are a constant
source of wonder and admiration to my
Wends.
I was prompted to train the elk
because I beard it so frequently stated
that it was the dullest animal li •inn.
The feet that the undertaking seesteu to
be one almost Impossible to carry
through successfully gave addiitioual zest
to the task X set for myself, which was
to train a tease of elks to do the most.
remarkable thing I could think of that
was compatible with the nature of the
animal.
I procured two young elks and began
experimenting with there at once. I soon
discovered that the elks were smart
enough to outwit me on several oreasions,
My first step was to break them to
drive in harness. This tool- nearly a year
to do, as I had to gain the animals' con-
fidence and friendship before I could do
anything with them.
I succeeded finally, however, in getting
them thoroughly broken into a very
pleasant driving team. I got my idea or
teaching them to dive by their seeming
utter indifference as to wbat height they
jumped from while in training. In fact,
the firs; dive they ever made was from a
high bank into the Sioux River, on which
occasion I went with tltutb.
I fired a t:h:trt claire on tho river bank
at first and mixed teem to go into it up
about five feee, high and jump into the
water from that height. After u few
months of eatia: t tank I got thorn to run
no the chute eft tater own free wilI and
jump off into the water. As it was the
only plat•o from v iee they could get into
the water they ' ., n to think it great
sport to jump Peeni that heiebt. Then I
began to rale„ size platform, and as the
weather wtts g;a:ti!'g too cold in Iowa for
comfortable training in the river I took
ray elks south to New Orleans and kept
them in conwt'tnt training all winter,
jumping frain a higher elevation each
week after I had got them to leap from
a height of about twenty feet.
"Binglstte" seemed by instinct to get
the true diving idea of making his
plunges headfirst, with front feet extend
od, and now be always goes head fors
most and strikes exactly in the center of
the tank, which is sixteen feet square
and twelve feet deep.
The buck elk "Rang" Ls beginning to
dive almost as expertly as bis brother,
and I am sure before the summer is past
he will dive head foremost, with feet ex-
tended, as does "Ringlette.,"
TWO LITTLE REPUBLICS.
One Is the Oldest, the Other the smallest
in Existence.
Goust is the smallest republic as to
area, but Tavolara is the smallest repub-
lic as to population. Louse is only one
mile in area. It is located an the fiat top
of a mountain in the Pyrenees, between
France and Spain, and is recognized by
both of those countries. Is is governed by
a President and a Council of 12. It was
established in 164S and bas 130 inhabit-
ants. The President is Tax Collector,
Assessor and Judge. Goust has no
church, clergyman or cemetery. The
people worship in a church outside of
their own territory, and the dead bodies
are slid down to a cemetery in the valley
below. In that valley all the baptisms
and marriages are performed. Tavolara
is twelve miles northeast of Sardinia. It
is an island five miles long by a half
mile wide. Its total population consists
of 55 mon, women and children. The
women go to the polis with the men and
elect every year a President and Council
of six, all serving without pay. The
inhabitants support themselves by fishing
and raising fruit and vegetables. The
republic has no army and no navy.
The Nerves Never Grow Old.
Commenting on the common causes of
nervous disorders, Professor W. H.
Thompson says: Tho message of modern
soien co about the nervous system is more
hopeful than ever. It tells us that the
nervous systera has a greater store of
reserve vitality than all the .other bodily
systems put together. It is the only tex
tura that is found nut to have lost weight
after .death by starvation, as well as
after death by any cause. It is the last
to grow old; and as to the mind, it need
not grow old at all, provided it lar
steadily applied with that mighty
spiritual element in us which we cal)
interest. Even the muscular system oan
be wonderfully sustained by interest; for
should a man attempt the same muscular
work on a tread:11111- which lse,light)�
endures along the mountain brook aftet
a trout, he would faint dead away. But
the mind will by interest grow steadily,
even while bone and :sinew ere wasting
through -age.
•
•
A CRIPPLE FOR LIFE.
H. R. H. THE PRINCE OF WALES MAY
ALWAYS WALK WITH A LIMP.
With a i'ractured Knee Cap, the Chance,:
Ams !bat at I3i,:Age lie 11,111 Moser
Totally 1teeeeer—The, lteaeeos Wha
the Injury is ltegarded With Serious-
ne83.
If the Prince of Wales ever ascoods the
throne of ,England he may bave to go
there on a crutch,
From the magnificent country house:
of Baron Rothschild at lei addesdon conies
the ewes t that h the i e going
e I' rnca , w hile
down to breakfast by the west stairway,
slipped and fell on bis knee cap, severely
fracturing that pars of his person to the,
extent that he may be obliged to compose
himself for a time and give tis all the
pleasures which have been mopped out
for him during the next three months.
It was a great nvistortuue to elis Royal
Highness, who up to the present accident
bas gone through a life of pleasure with-
out suffering many of its discomforts.
In the midst of the excitement that
followed. Dr. Shaw, the village physi-
cian, was sumtnonei, *eel 'with tee at.
of a professional nurse, the Yrine yeses
given, all possible attention and relief,
But the injured patella persisted in
develspin an iudsammation thatinduced':.
a considerable swelling. Dr. Shaw gave
positive iusrruetions than the I'rinoe'
should tato a lone, res:, at any cost, and
give up the fulfilment of his sesany actual
engagements.
It is hoped that nature will .accomplish
the work before her with success. BM
Tt3R ROTU:CIIit.DS ST ifteaegg.
there are grave fears that never ,gal;
will he walk without a perceptible limp,
and perbaps a crutch may be part of Isis
poesesstons.
An injury to the patello, or knee rap,
notwithstanding the skill of the beet
surgeons of the world, often leaves its
imprint during life, so that fres use of
the limb is not infrequently ant of the
question.
And then again, the Prince of Wales,
notwithstanding his vigorous constitu•
tion and robust health, is nearing three
score years, and an injury that he could
have overcome twenty years ago may
cling t0 him to -day with a distressing
persistency.
To be sure, the beet medical attention
in all England and Iurope will bo given
blsn. But even the skill of man cannot
always successfully combat the influences
et ago.
A fraoture of the knee cap, while net
necessarily dangerous, requires immediate
attention and tho most careful nursing,
and oseeeially so in tho ease of the
Prince, owing to his advanced gears and
u
�'r3�r; t!'I
W teat
Vit
tedf Wallet
efeastfinallealf
CRIPIC[•OhitA
somewhat energetic disposition. The
great difficulty will be to keep him under
sufficient restraint to permit the fracture
to mend. The bone of an elderly person
does not knit as readily as in a young
person, and the affected parts seldom
mend readily.
It will also make a great difference if
the fracture is compound, as in that case
it will require an operation, which is
always attended with more or less
danger.
Ten Fantotts Wrecks.
The Princess Alice, 650 lives lost. Sep.
tember 2, 1878.
The Royal George. 600 lives lost. Au-
gust 29, 1782.
Utopia, 564 lives lost, March 1891.
Tho White Star Liner Atlantic, 560
lives lost. April 18, 1873.
The Namohow, 509 lives lost. January
2, 1802.
Tao Birkenhead transport, 454 lives
lost, February 26, lee%
Tho ,Austria, ont eeent vessel, 417 lives
lost, September 13, 1858.
Prince George, 40u lives lost. April 13,
1768.
Lady Nugent, 400, lives lost May, 1854.
Roeai Adelaide, 400 lives lost. March
80, 1850.
Row to Use Corn Plasters.
Dr. Alsnel, writing on the treatment.
of oorns, mentions a tip communicated to
him by a layman oonoerning corn
plasters. Instead of applying them whole,
as purchased, the advice is to out the
piaster in two across the centro, and
ile m to apply the two sections around the
base of the corn. ''his method afforded
relief at once, and in six months the
corns were got rid of. The two sections
can be fitted around the base of the corn
accurately and tightly in a way that is
impossible' when dealing with a ring.
uncut.
Sleeps on a Dynamo.
London has a oat whose partiality for
a nap in a warm, spot is somarked that
she has selected the top of a dynamo in a
power station. She .sleeps there calmly
and peacefully, while the machinery
around and 'within six inolios of her is
running et the rate of 2.000 'revolution
per minute.
EDWARD BELLAMY,
Nr. 1r. 1 owell's. Writes of the Dead .Socials.
ist'a Life and Works.
Mr. W. D. Howells has written an.
estimate of Edwurd Bellamy which i4
printed in the current issue of than
Atlantic. Mr. Bowelis write as a friend
and admL er. but considers the dead
socialist's life and works from a literary
standpoint only. He discusses Edward
Bolialny, literary artist.
"Somehow," . writes Mr.Howells,
"whether he knew or not, he unerringly
felt how the average mass would feel:
and all the webs of fanny that he wove
were essentially of one texture through
this sympathy. His invagination Was
intensely democratic, it was inalienably
Ple..e an, eevie —that isto
say, noma
n
o,
It did not seolt distinction at expression;
15 never put the simplest and plainest
reader to shame by the assumption of
those line -gentleman airs which abaik
and dishearten more than the mei*
literary swell can think. Be would uM
a phrase or a word that was common tei
vulgarity, if ie aaid whae he meant;
sometimes ho sere toners merit w edge, in
his earlier stories, by nis public school
diction. But the .nobility of the heart if,
never absent from his work; and he has
always the distinction es self.forgetfui-
Item in bis art.
"I have beets. interested, In recurring
to bis earlier work, to note how almost
entirely the action passes be the Ameri-
can village atmosphere Ii is like the;
greater ars of his own life in this. He
was not a Iran ignorant of other keeping.
Ile was parriy educated abroad, and bs
knew eities 'both ltd J trope and America.
Iia was it lawyer by profession, and bi
was sumo ulna eLlttar of a daily news.
paper in a largo town. But I remember
how, in one of our meetings, be spoke
svith dietruse end dislike of the environ-
ment of cities as unwbolesame and dis-
tracting, if not detn'sralizing ivory emelt
to the effect of I'oletoi's pbilosopby itt
the matter), And in hie short stories iszs
types are village typ?s, ' liey are came
suet) when he finds theca In the city, bus
for muck the greater part be finds thein,
in the village; and they are always,
therefore, disttnetly American; for we
;era village people far more than we are
country people or pity people. In this aa
in overytbing else we are a medium race,
and it was its his souse, if not in hi.
knowledge of this fact, that Bellamy
wrote so that there is never a word or
look to the reader implying that be and
the writer are of a different sort of folk.
from the people in the story.
" ;hooking Backward.' with its
material delights, its communized facili-
ties and luxuries, could not eppeta tR
people on lonely farms who scarcely knew
of there, or to people le cities who were,
tired of them, so much as to that imsuens411
average of villagers, of small-town
dwellers, who had read much and seen
something of them, and doalred to bave
them. Tide average, whose intelligence
forms the prosperity of our literature, ane
whose virtue forms the strength of our
nation, is the environment which Bel-
laray rarely travels out of in his airiest
romance, Ile bas its curiosity, its prin.
oiplos, its aspirations. He ran tell what
It wishes to know, what problem will
hold It, what situation it can enter into,
what mystery will fascinate it, aid what
Pablo pain It will bear, It is by far the
widest field of American Action; most of
our finest artists work preferably in it,
but he works in It to different effect from
any other. He takes that life on its
mystical sido, and hexyls with types rather
than with characters; for it Is one of
the prime conditions of the romancer
that he shall do thee His people are less
objectively than subjectively present
their import is greater In wbat happens
to them than In what they are. But be
never falsifies them or their circum-
stance. Ile ascertains them with a fidelity
that seems almost helpless, almost
ignorant of different people, different
circumstance; you would think at times
that he bail never known, never seen,
any others; but et course this is only the
effect of bis are
"Our average Is practical as well as
mystical; it is first the dust of the earth,
and then it is a living soul; it likes great
questions simply and familiarly presented
before it puts its faith in them and
makes its faith a life. It likes to start
to heaven from home, and in all this
Bellamy was of it, voluntarily and in-
voluntarily. I recall how, when we first
met, he told mo that ho had come to
think of our hopeless conditions suddenly,
one day, in looking at his own children,
and reflecting that be could not place
them beyond the chance of want by any
industry or forecast or providence; and
that the status meant the same impossi-
bility for others which it meant for him.
I understood then that I was in the
presence of a man too single, too sincere,
to pretend that he bad begun by think-
ing of others, and I trusted him the
more for his confession of a selfish
premise. He never went bank to himself
in his endeavor, but when he had once
felt his power in the world be dedicated
its life to his work. Ile worn himself ont
in thinking and foaling about it, with a
belief in the good time to come that
penetrated his Nebelo purpose. but appar-
ently with no manner of fanatioism. In
fact, no one could see him, or look into
his quiet, gentle face, so full of goodness,
so full of common sense, without per-
ceiving that he had reasoned to his ]cope
for justice in the frame of things. He
was indeed a most practical, a most
American man, without a touch of senti-
mentalism in his humanity. He believed
that some now living should see his
dream—the dream of Plato, the dream of
the first Christians, the dream of Bacon,
the dream of More—oome true in a really
civilized society; but he had the patience
and courage which could support any
delay.
"I am glad that he lived to die at
borne in Obioopee—in the village envion-
ment by which he interpreted the heart
of the American nation, and knew how
to move it more than any other Ameri-
can author who has lived. The theory of
those who think differently is that he.
simply moved the popularfancy; and
this may suffice to explain the state of
some people, but it will not account for
the love and honor in which his nameis
passionately held by the vast average,
east and west. His fame is safe with
thein, and his faith is an animating force
concerning whose effect at this time or
some other time it would not be wise to
phophesy. Whether his ethics will keep
his aesthetics in xesnembrance I do not
know; but I am sure that one cannot
acquaint one's self with his merely
artistic work and not be sensible that ba
Edward Bellamy we were rich in a
romantic imagination surpassed only by
that of Hawthorne."
No person in .Norway may spend more
than threepence at one Tisit to a puisi