HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Exeter Advocate, 1895-9-20, Page 2WINTER WIIEAT.
4:INTA1110 DEPARTMENT OF AGRI-
ct.wrvne.
Ur O 4. Zavitz, Z. S. eta, Experiment-
alist at catavio Agrieulturai College
and Experimental nairrn, netelph, Ou-
tarns,
One inualred. and, ninety-seven plots
• were lased for winter wheat experiments at
tne Ontario Agricultural. College daring
the past eeason Atiout one-balf of this
number was used fortesting varieties, an
the remainder for setting different dates of
seeclthg, methods of seeding, seleetions of
grain for seed, quantities a seed per acre,
the yield and quality of wheat out at differ-
ent stages of ripeness, and the value of
seed from wheat cut at eifferent stages of
maturity. This bulletin gives a conoise re-
port a the prinelpal results of these tests,
And it also gives the average results of
scone ot the experiments which have been
eondueted for a =labor of years past.
Yield Conditions.
The plots used in 1895 for the winter
Wheat experiments were situated in the
northern portion of the large experimental
field which lies to the rear of the main
College building. Tile land has a gentle
slope to the south-west and its position is
somewhat elevated. Hence it was ()onside.
• erably exposed. to the cold winter winds,
-which were so prevalent last season. The
soil, whit% is an average clay loam, was
prepared on the bare fallow sytem, and re-
ceived a coating of fifteen tons of farmyard
manure per acre in 1894. The plots were
all the same size, each centaining exactly
1-100 of an acre The yields per mire have
been determined by the actual yield of the
plot,
Conditions of Season and Growth.
The grain for the various winter wheat
experiments was sown early in September.
The germination of the seed was pod, and
the growth upon the different plots during
auturan was quite satisfactory-. There
were very frequent strong,eold winds dur-
ing the winter and the snow was so often
blown from the plots that they were only
very thinly cavered during the greater
part of the oold weather. As the slope in
the land extends throughout the whole
length of the plot, there was no chanoe for
water to lie upon any part of them, bub a
considerable amount of sleet which mime
in the early spring, along with the influ-
ence of the cold weather, seriously injured
many of theless hardy varieties. Between
the lath and 22nd of May, there was frost
on six different nights, and on one occa-
sion a minimum thermometer on the
College ground registered only 22 degrees
above zero. This late spring frost checked
the growth of the prop considerably, but
did not seem to do much injury further
than this.
The past year hap furnished us an excel-
lent opportunity for studying the com-
parative hardiness of the different varieties
under test, and some valuable object les-
sons under this head. were furnished the
thousands of Ontario farmers who visited
the College in the month of JUne and wit-
nessed the work which is being carried on
In the Experimental Department.
Varieties Tested.
One hundred and two varietses of winter
wheat were under test. The plots, as al-
ready intimated, were situated side by side
and were exactly uniform in size. They
were separated from each other by paths
three feet wide. All the varieties were
sown by hand at the rate of two bushels
per acre, on September 6th, 1894, and. the
germination was quite uniform through-
out. The varieties ripened between the
16th and 24th of July, which was about a
day later than in 1894. The amount of
rust and smut was small this season.
The following table gives thenumber of
varieties tested and reported. on within the
past six years and also the avergae yields
of each of these years:.
Year,
1890
1891
3892
1898
1894
1895 ..
i5
23
44
52
80
102
Averag:e
yield of
lbs.
60,0
68.8
00.5
58.4
60.8
60.4
6
k
0
CO
tons.
2,4
2,0
3,2
2.].
4.0
1.2
.g
bus.
80.9
52.9
42,6
29,9
46.7
26,1
sults for four, three or two yeers or foveae
year, as indicated in column No.. fat
the first fifty-three 'varieties: mentioned in
the table we bare grown some for en
years, others for Ave years, and the re-
inainder for four years; but, to allow a
better comparison of the varieties,the aver-
age results of only the last four years are
here presented.
The reader's attention is specially direct-
ed to the last column on the right hand
side of the table, as this gives the average
yield of grain per acre of each variety for
the number of yeterS reported upon, and the
varieties are arranged in the table ;word-
ing to these average yields, starting with
the highest and finishing with the lowest.
There is, perhaps, not a winter wheat
grower in Ontario t at is quite familiar
with some of the varieties herein reported
'upon, as many of the old varieties have
been tested along with the newer kinds.
The following table furnishes an excellent
opportunity for each farmer to compare the
respeetive merits of the varieties which he
has not grown, with those of the varieties
with whieh he is familiar,
CHARACTERISTICS Alec YIELDS OP 102
Valtiesrien on WEIMER, WHEAT.
Varieties.
Heads bearded orbald.
Grown for Four
Years.
It will be observed that there are great
variations in the average results for the
different years as g von in the above
table. The highest record in quality and
yield of grain was made in 1891. That
year an excellent opportunity was given
for a comparison of the different varieties
when grown under climatic conditions
✓ very favorable for the best development of
the plants. In the years 1892 and 1394,
much valuable information was obtained.
in regard to the comparative strength of
straw, as many of the varieties were badly
lodged, while others growing beside them
stood upright until ripe. In 1890,1892 and
1893, there was a considerable amount of
rust on our winter wheat; but as many of
the varieties were much more affected than
others, wo were enabled to make some
valuable comparisons. Almost all the
varieties came well through the winters
from 1890 to 1891, but in 1995 many of
them were very meal winter -killed,
while others, growing beside and betweeti
the injured. ones, sustained little or no in-
1nrY.
The varieties of winter wheat which are
most desirable fax cultivation in Ontario,
are those which possess the greatest num-
ber of good and the least numbest of bad
qualities. To °ampere the different varie-
ties in this rasped is the object of the pres-
ent bulletin, From what is said in the
preceding paragraph, the reader vvill read-
ily understand that it is of great import-
ance to have these experiments extend,
over a period of several years, in order to
have the varieties subjected to various
climatic conditions.
Charaeteristies and Viei ds of Varieties.
The following table contains the charac-
. teristies and the yields of one hundred and
two varietioS tested during the past season,
The horizontal rows give information re-
gtetdiag the different vaeieties, and the per-
pendiettlar whining furnish a meahe of
oomparing the characteristics and yields
of the vatietieg with one another. Star-
ting at the left hand side of the table, ton
mains 1 end 0 give the number aad names
a the varieties; 8 and 4tefet to their chat-
acteristioe; 5, 6, 7 and 8 give rota:tits fax
1896; and 0,10, 11 and 12 give average to -
1 Dawson's
golden chaff • Ba
2 Early R e d 13a,
Clawson
3 Egyptian... Be
4 Golden Drop Ba
5 Surprise ,... Ba
6 Reliable,.. • Be
7 Araerioan
Bronze. Ba
8 Bulgarian... Be
9 Jones' Win -
pile Ba
10 Golden Cross
or Volunteer Be
11 Standard.. Ba
12 Manchester. Ba
13 Red Velvet
Chaff Ba
14 Bonnell or
LandrethBe.
15 Russian Am-
ber. Be
16 Walker's
Reliable Be
17 Democrat,
18 Winter Pearl 13a,
19 Seneca or
Clawson. Ba
20 Red LionBe
21 Martin Am-
ber Ba
22 Canadian
Velvet Chaff Ba
28 Garfield Bs
24 Hybrid Me-
diterranean . Be
25 New Mon-
arch Ba
26 Mediterran-
27 Manilla
28 Lancaster
29 Rutherford
SO Rogers
31 Fultz
32
33 Monette
34 ElybridDiehl
35 Genesee
36 Scott
87 Velvet Chaff
38 Longberry
Red
89 Deitz Long -
berry
40 Ramsey
41 Red Wonder
42 Fulcaster
43 Red Russian
44 Sanmur
45 Red Lavers-
ible
46 SpaldingRed
47 33rowick Red
48 Square Head
49 Regent -
50 White Pa-
tanellea
51 Drvidend....
62 G a lizie n
Summer.. _
53 Kessingla n d
Grown for Three
Years.
Be
Ba
Be
Be
Ba
Ba
Be
Be
Bs
Be
13a
Be
Be
54 Stewart's
Champion...
55 Early White
Leader......
66 Soule's.. ,
57 South Sea...
58 Eureka- ....
59 White Star..
60 British Col-
' amble,
61 Treadwell
Grown for Two
Years.
62 Early Gene -
500
68 Siberian,
64 Early Ripe..
65 Tasmania
Red.
66 Jones'
Square Head Ba,
67 Pride of Gen-
esee Be
68 Turkish Red Be
69 Egyptian
Amber.. .. „ lee
70 MePhersonBa
71 Arnold's Hy -
brat. 13e.
72 Imper3.a,1
Amber ... . Be
78 Poole. .... Be,
71 Zimmerman Ba
75 Geneva. Be
76 Red MayBa
77 Emporium. , 13e.
78 New Colum-
bie. 13a
79 Simms Redile
80 Tuscan
Is-
lan8Be
81 Kentuoky
GiaiiLBe
89 Rudy., Be
83 Penqui-Ps
Velnet Chaff Be
84 ,
Be
Be
Be
Be
Ba
Ba
Ba
Ba
Ba
Be
13a.
Be
Ba
Ba
Ba
Ba
Ba
Ba
Ba
Ba
Be
Ba
Ba
Ba
138,
Ba
Be
Results fax 1895.
tG
ta-
*V
tG•
tG
IM
tG-
tG
*V
-f-G•
*111
tG
TG
tG
TG
tG
tG
tG
*V
-tG
:11
ty
t -G•
§P
:D1
tM
nal
2111
*V
tm
ellV/
:M
TG
*V
Oft
tG
lbs.
59.9
58,8
60,7
59.8
57,4
61,1
60.6
60.6
59.9
60.9
.09.9
61.5
59.0
59.9
00.1
60.5
62.8
62.8
59,3
59.5
61.9
57.6
60.8
62.3
tons
59.6
60.6
60./
61.0
61.0
60.6
62.2
60.1
60,0
60.6
60.0
61.3
62.8
60.8
81.6
60,0
61,8
59.8
61.4
57.1
59.9
61,9
60.9
60.0
59.3
59.6
58.8
59.6
58.7
60.4
59,8
68.8
59.4
59.0.
61.8
60.9
59.0
61.8
61.8
61.9
61.9
67,6
1.8
62,1
62,8
1,6
1,9
1.4
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.3
1.5
1,8
1,7
1,5
0,9
61,9
(31.1
60.0
59,9
58.6
60.8
68,8
62,2
69.1
58.8
60.6
59,6
69,8
61,4
61,9
61,2
.9
bus.
40.3
39.8
40.8
31,6
85.4
85.9
88,9
28.7
31.8
36.4
40.3
84.9
39.5
38,7
80.4
28,0
29.3
35,0
88.8
33,7
32,7
29.1
80.6
22.0
29.8
1.5
1,3
1.5
1.1
1..1
1,0
1.1
.6
1.2
1.1
.9
1.4
1.1
.9
1.1
.5
.9
1.3
1.0
.7
.7
,9
.7
1.5
5.
,8
.8
.3
2.2
30.8
34.8
24.6
26,3
25,1
25,0
18,7
27.2
24.9
21.5
34.2
25.8
21.7
1.2
1.4
1.1
1.4
1,2
1,1
,5
85 Anctrow's
No. 4 n •
se Golden Tan-
kard,.
87
88 Cui•rell'sPro-
Bac,
89 Hiniostaa.,
90 Thallardee
Velvet Onatl
Grdwa for One
Year,
Be PI 60.6 ,7 17 ,1
Be *V 80,9 1.125,9
BaM 60,9 .82Q,2
Ba ti‘i 00.6 .819,6
)3e'.4M 30,4 .511,7
Ba §P 58.6 .2 3.5
91 Michigan
Amber,. „ Be
92 GiantSanare
Head........
98 WhiteBeard-
94 Silver .
Star..
95 A mherst Isle
96 German Em-
peror. ... .
97 Hunter's
Wheat..'
98 Pride ofIn
99 Long Araber
100 Kalina.
101 Mealy
102 Nonpareil
Be
Ba
Ba
Be
Ba
Be
61,8 1.4
60.1 1,4
68.9 1,8
61.7 1.8
69.9 1.1
59.8 1,2
60.9 1.0
$5,6
88,4
60.2 1.0
59,0 .8
60.1 .8
60,4 .6
59.2 .4
31.$
27,8
25.0
24,2
22.6
21.5
18.8
17.6
12,1
7.4
*Vela* good. ta ood. *Medium. Poor.
AVERAGE RESULTS FOR NUMBER OE
YEARS REPORTED ON.
Varieties.
Grown fax Four
Years.
p. e.
lbs.
1 Dawson's
Golden Chaff 2 59.5
2 Early Red
Clawson.... 51
8 Egyptian... 31
4 Golden Drop 51
5 Surprise.,.. 22
6 Reliable 15
7 American
Bronze 2
8 Bulgarian19
9 Jones' Win-
ter Fife 1.5
10 Golden.Cross
or Volunteer
11 Standard._ ,
12 Manchester,
13 Red Velvet
• Ohaft
14
B0 nuen or
Landreth
15 Russian
Amber
16 Walker's
Reliable
17 Democrat:-
18'Winter
Pearl...-. .
19 Seneca o r
Clawson ..
20 Red Lion,
21 Martha Am-
ber
22 Canadian
Velvet Chaff
23 Garfield
24 Hybrid Me-
diterranean.
25 New Mon-
arch.
26 Mediterre, n-
ean
27 Manilla
28 Lancaster
29 R-utherford
30 Rogers
6
31 Fultz.
82 Valley. ..
33 Monette
faillybrid
24
26.0 36 3Genesee
20
36 Scott. 13
87 Velvet Chaff 8
88 Longberry
Red 44
89 Deitz Long -
berry
40 Rumsey. ,
41 Red Wonder
42 Fulcaster,
43 Red. Russian
44 Saumur.
45 Red Invers-
ible 20
46 Spalding
Red 22
47 Browick Red 13
48 Square Read 17
49 Regent 27
50 White Pa-
tanelle .111
51 Dividend, BB
62 G-alizien
Summer 23
63 Kessingland
Red . ...... . 18
27
14
23
88
29
23
26
17
16
29
68
37
16
24
85
25
36
15
67
85
88
11
20
10.4
22.3
10.3
21.8
28.7
1.4
1.8
1.8
1.5
14.0
19.1
26.5
17.0
29.1
1.6
6.2
17.7
16.6
20.7
1.8
1.5
1.3
1.5
43,5
1.2
27.5
31.5
28.8
28,1
82.5
24,4
11.8
36,4
36,6
27.7
35.8
80,9
27,7
81.7
32,1
28.8
25,1
1,5 29 2
21,1
1 , 126,7
1,2 80.0
.820.4
1,227,4
.616,8
1.8.27.7
,9
,s
20,8
18,4
18,9
.921.8
,820,
24
21
36
27
5
18
Grown fax Three
Years.
64 Stewart's
Champion.. 5
55 Early 'White
Leader 5
56 Soule's 7
57 South Sea. _ 8
58 Eureka 6
59 White Star, 7
60 British Col-
umbia . •
61 Treadwell7
Grown for Two
Years.
62 Early Gen-
esee Giant- 8
68 Siberian.. 18
64 Early Ripe., 21
65 Tasmania
Rod. 45
66Jo xi 88'
58.4
60.6
61.2
58.6
61.5.
Square Head
67 Pride of
Genesee - 120
68 Turkish Red 28
69 Egyptian
Amber 88
70 McPherson., 16
71 Arnold's Hy-
brid. , „ 11
72 Xraperia,1
Amber 46
78 Poole .. . .. 21
74 Ziannerma n 1
75 Geneva 84
76 Bea May.... 10
77 Emporium., 28
78 NeW 8
79
79 Siracoe Red. 30
80 Tuscan
Island . . 83
59.1
61.8
59.5
60.8
58.8
60.4
57,8
58.7
61.0
60.8
61.5
61.2
68.9
60.7
60.8
57.2
59.7
60.9
60.1
60.6
58.0
60.9
60.0
59,9
62,4
60.6
59.3
59.4
60.1
60.1
62.5
60.4
61,8
60.5
61.7
61.0
60.2
58.5
56.1
58.8
54.8
59.2
53,8
53,4
51,7
55.1
51.2
0
tD
tons.
58.6
57,4
56.9
69,9
57,7
60.1
57.6
59.1
61,1
62.4
61.7
61,9
59.0
61.8
62,8
61.1
61.7
61.1
2.9
3.2
2.9
3.2
2.9
2.8
3.0
2.6
2.6
8,2
2.8
3.0
3.5
3.1
2.6
2.7
2.3
2,5
8.0
3.3
2.9
2,D
2.4
3,1
2.8
3.0
*2,6
8,0
2.9
3.0
2,1
2.3
2.4
59.0
60.0
61.9
62.4
62.4
58,8
68,5
58,8
69,7
2.2
2.4
1.4
2,2
2.5
2.4
2,5
2.9
2.7
2.3
2,2
2.3
2.3
2.2
.7
2.5
2,4
2.4
1.7
2,0
2.9
2.2
2.6
1,9
2,8
2.1
2,0
1,8
2,7
8.0
2.8
8,0
2,4
2,0
2,6
2.9
2,7
2.6
5.2
2,4
2.1
2,7
bus.
48,7
45.5
45.1
48.7
43.0
42.0.
12.4
2.6
41.9
41.8
41.2
40.6
40.5
40%4
40.2
40.0
39.9
2,0
a.s
2,4
89.0
88.8
88.6
88.6
38.6
88,2
37.7
36.8
86.8
86.7
56.8
36,1
36.0
35.9
85.9
86.8
84.8
.34.6
34.6
84.1
38.6
83.2
82,8
82.5
32,8
82.0
28.4
27,9
27.1
26.4
26.2
25.2
24.5
23.2
21,5
21.1
20.9
20,4
38.9
88.2
86.8
35.0
81.3
84.0
28,4
25.2
46.7
48.1
41,5
41,2
89,6
39,6
89.2
81, Kent Ile lit y
82 Iiiy. . .,
813nilit31Nvetch01
81 Bissell...,
85 Ana dr e 's
No, 4.......
86 Weldon Teen
87 Correll,
88 Currell's
• Pzndines8t,a'n'
89 Il
90 Ballard's
Velvet Chaff
Grown for One
Year,
91 Michigan
Amber
82 Giant Square
Read
93 Whit e
94 BSielavredregite,';',
95 Amherst Isle
96 German Em-
peror,-
'
97 Hunter's
98
Wheatideof
. • „ . ,
99 Long Amber
100 Kalina
101 Mealy
102 Nonpareil
86
89
1
36
24
46
29
25
2$
08,9
60.5
62.0
61.0
60.8
60.2
61.2
61.1
61.0
60,8:
61.8
60,1
58.9
61.7
59.9
59.8
00.9
60,2
59,0
60,1
60.4
59,2
2,4
2,2
2,8
2.4
2.6
3.2
2.5
2,6
2.8
1.3
1,4
1.4
1.3
1,3
,8
,6
.4
81,8
81,4
81_0
80.2
29.7
28.7
28.7
28.2
28.2
17.6
86.5 •
83.4
51.8
27.8
25,0
24.2
22.4
21.5
18.8
17.6 .
19.1
7.4
The varieties given in the preeeding
table were obtained from Ontario, the
United States, Germany, France and
Russia. Thirty kinds were imported
from Europe by the College in the spring
of 1889, and have been carefully tested
itt onr plots; bet, owing to lad; of
hardiness, twenty of the number have
been discarded. The remaining ten have
been grown for the past six years in sue -
cession, but are among the poorest yield-
ers reported upon ix: this bulletin. All
our loading varieties of winter wheat,
therefore, have been obtained from either
Canada or the United States. Mr. A. N.
Jones, of Newark, N. Y., has boon in-
strumontal in iutroduoing some very ex-
cellent varieties, among which the Early
Red Clawson, Axnerican Bronze, Jones'
Winter Fife and Early Genesee Giant are
prominent. It is, however, to Mr. Robert
Dawson, of Paris. Ont., that we must
give credit for Dawson's Golden Chaff, a
variety which has made the highest aver-
age record of all the varieties tested at
this station during the past four years.
13a1d and bearded varieties. -Of the
one hundred and two varieties grown in
1895, fifty-six possessed bald heads and
forty-six bearded beads. During each of
the six years past the bearded varieties
gave a heavier weight per measured
bushel than the bald sorts but in yield of
grain per acre the bald wheats came first
in four out of the six years. In making
up this comparison varieties possessing
very short beards were classed as bald
wheats.
Color of grain. -Twenty-nine varieties
of white wheat and seventy-three varie-
ties of red wheat were tested during the
past year. In five of the last six years
red wheats gave a heavier weight of
grain per measured bushel than the
white varieties, but in 1890 the white
wheats gave slightly the heaviest grain.
The amber, bronze and golden wheats
have all been classed as red.
Experiments IA the llethgds of Winter
Wheat Growing.
The following concise reports are made
-‘ipon different winter wheat experiments
conducted in the same portion of the
experimental grounds that was used for
the variety tests. SOITIO of these experi-
ments extend over a period of two and
some over a period of three years.
Different Dates of Seeding. --During
each of the past three years two or more
varieties of winter wheat have been sown
at three different times ip the month of
September. The following taole gives
the average yields for the three years
occupied by this experiment:
38,1
86.1
86.1
86.8
86,9
85.6
85,1
84.4
84.8
83,2
83.0
82,6
Dates of see lig.
04 Pi
814 During both years the greateet. yield
of straw was. Obteined from cutting on
July Min and the heaviest weight of
grein per measured bushel frorn matting
on July 18th and 19th. The yield of
grain per acre was largest froin the last
eattiug in 1801 and from the second Ind
Ontting in 1895. The lowest results in
yiela of grain per acre and in weight cit
grain per meneured iniehol, were lloakined
from the cutting a each variety op, July
4th of each year.
Vela° of Grain for Seed as affected by
Gaining at Different Stages of Maturity.
-Dawson's Golden Cbeff and the Early
Genesee Giant varieties of wiutor wheat
were both s0 WO on the same day in 1893,
and a plot of ooh was cut on July 4th,
iltb, leth and e5111, and August end,
1894. The first cutting took place abeat
two • weeks beforenaud the last cutting
about two weeks after that stage of ripe-
ness at whicia winter wheat is usually
out. A quantity of seed of eaoh variety
was taken from. eacii of the five different
cuttings, and these ton equal amounts of
grain wero sown upon a shriller number
of unite= plots on Sep, 70, 1894. In.
1895, the plots were all harvested at one
time and, in the case of each variety, it
was found that the largest yield of grain
per acre was produced by the seed of the
last cutting of the previous year, and the
plumpest sample was prodnoed from the
seed of the second and third cuttings.
• Selection of Seed, -Several experiments
are being conducted in the selection of
grain for seed; brit it will be some time
before the most valuable results ea/1 'be
obtained from this line of experimental
work, ,
Fifteen varieties of winter wheat,which
have been the most successful among all
the varieties tested on our experimentin
grounds, have been distributed over On-
tario within the past three years. These
have been sent mit in sets of five varieties
each. Five thousand and eight hundred
packages of winter wheat alone have been
distributed during the three years, and
comparative tests have been made upon
more than eleven hundred Ontario farms.
This system of co-operative experimental
work was established by the ex -students
of the Agriculural College; but, tlfrough
repeated requests from other farmers, the
invitation is extended to all interested
persons to join in the work. The results
have, on the whole, been very gratifying
and the numerous experimenters have
become much interested in the different
experiments undertaken. For detailed
reports of these co-operative experiments,
the reader is referred to the Annual Be -
port of the Agricultural Experimental
Union, which is printed along with the
Report of the .Agricultural College.
From among ton conclusions given in
the report of last year regarding these co-
operative experiments with winter wheat
for 1894, the following two conclusions
are quoted as being of interest in connec-
tion with the results given in this bul-
letin:
1. "Dawson's Golden Chaff gave the
largest yield of grain per acre among the
nixie varieties tested over Ontario in 1894,
as well as anaung the eleven varieties
tested in 1893."
2. "Dawson's • Golden Chaff was de-
cidedly the most popular variety with the
experimenters in both 1894 and 1893."
All the varieties of winter wheat dis-
tributed over Ontario each year are grown
in duplicate in our Experimental De-
partment on exactly the saine sized plots
that are used throughout the province.
1. The average results of winter wheat
growing on the experimental plot& for
six years in succession are as follows:
Weight of grain per measured bushel, 60.6
lbs; yield of straw per acre, 2.5 tons;
and yield of grain per acre, 38.2 bushels.
2. Dawson's Golden Chaff gave the
largest average yield of grain per acre
among fifty-three varieties of winter
wheat grown at the Ontario Agricultural
College for four years in succession; also
among nine leading varieties tested over
Ontario in 1891, and among eleven lead-
ing varieties tested over Ontario in 18e3.
8. The varieties which possessed the
stiffest straw among fifty-three kinds of
winter wheat grown for four years in
succession, were Dawson's Golden Chaff,
American Bronze, Fultz, Velvet Chaff
and Red Russian.
4. The varieties of winter wheat which
ptoved the hardiest in 1895, among one
hundred and two varieties tested were
Dawson's Golden Chaff, Stewart's Cham-
pion, Siberian, :Tones' Square Head,
Turkish Red and McPherson.
5, , When winter wheat was sown later
than September 9th, the crop was much
poorer than when the seeding took place
on or before that date.
6. Iu 1895, the varieties at winter
wheat possessing bald beads and white
grain gave an average of 4.3 bushels of
grain per acre more than the varieties
possessing bearded heads and red grain,
but in average weight per measured
bushel the latter surpassed the former by
1.8 pounds.
In the follewing table will be found
two sets of winter wheat varieties, which
will be sent free by mail, in half-peund
lots of each variety to farmers applying
for them, who will carefully test the
five kinds iu the set which they choose,
and will report the results after harvest
next year, The seed will be gent out in
the order in which the applications are
received, as long as the supply lasts.
Two sots of winter wheat for Co-
operative tests:
Sot 1.
Dawson's Golden Chaff.
Early Bed Clawson.
Jones' Winter Fife,
Surprise.
American Bronze.
Seetenaber 2-8. ...
11
lbs.
57,8
7-9...... 58.0
17-19, 66,2
tons.
2,4
2,5
1.6
bush.
81,8
81.9
25,2
It wilt be seen that the seedings of the
7th and 9th of September produced re-
sults about equal to those from the seed -
Ings of the 2n5 and 3rd. Such is not the
case, however, when the results of the
last dates are compared with those of
either the first or second, as they are
considerably lower in every particular.
Methods of Seeding. -An experiment
in sowing winter wheat broadcast and
with a grain drill has been conducted in
duplicate during the past two years. The
results show the yields of both straw and
grain to be practically the same from
sowing similar quantities of grain by the
two methods; but, itt weight of grain per
measured bushel, the product 01 1115 drilled
grain has been heavier than that sown
broadcast in each of the font tests, the
average difference being tiVe-fifths of a
pour: d.
Different Quantities of Seed per Acre.
-In 1894 and in 1895, two varieties of
winter wheat won seven broadcast on
small plots, at the rates of ono, ono and
one -hall and two beabels per acre. The
largest yields of both grain and straw
wore obtathed from the thickest seeding
and the smallest yields from the thin-
nest seeding during each of the two
years. T110 weight of grain per meaSUred
bushel was nearly the same from all the
plots. To determine the proper quantity
of winter wheat to sow per acre, in order
to obtain the best results upon diffetent,
farms, the individual wheat growers ben
best experiment fur themsclveS, as so
much depends on the fertility of the soil
and other tionditions,
The Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat
as affected by Cutting at Different
Stages of Maturity. -Five plots each of
the Dawson's Golden Chaff and the Early
Genesee Giant varieties of wiliter wheat
Were solvn upon the same date in 1803
and again in 1894. These two varieties
readied the stage of inatutity at which
wheat is usually oat in Ontario, on the
0t1 of July, 111 1894 and on the 186 of
July in 1805. The two wheats were Ont
at five different periods dining the two
years, as follows:, July 4th, jail 11th,
july 18th and 19th1 July 2511I end August
BEAUTIES FOR AUTUMN.
In /lets Do Womou and mother einteuse
commune,
Would thenI were a. poet, or, rather, ae
poetess, 1 woald sing it song of the hatt
the hot of the Sell, with its rich minim -
not shades, with ire feathers and ribbone
galore. Nor would flowers be neglected,
for the woman of to -day loves to adorn
her net with a luxerient growth of blos-
soms that glow with the rioh coloring of
the most perfect time of the year.
Ali white bats have deepened inte yel-
low; all black hats are laid aside fax a.,
sadder season.
Largo straight trimmed hats are edged.
prettily with crush roses in the heavier
shades, while some have a facing of ezraw
in contrasting colors. Rough straws are
an wanted faun nor. are fine °nee to be'
:sump:wed with them in point ef beauty.
Ribbon will be the main feature of hat,
Set 2.
Dawson's Genie?) Chaff.,
Early Genesee Giant.
Pride of Genesee.
Bulgarian.
Jones' Square Head.
Each person wishing ono of these sets
should write to the Experimentalist,
Agricultural .0ollege, Guelph, mention.-
ing which 80D be desires, and the grain,
with instructions fax testing a,nd blank
forms oil whieh to report, will be for-
warded free of cost to his address, until
the supply oi grain for distribution be-
COMOS exhausted.
115 suADEs 01" GREEN.
trimming for the coming fall and winter
and one may easily neva° it half dozen
yards to ono bat
The young lady pictured has not trim-
med the front of her hat in any way,
while a mass of loops rise from a knot in
the back. The ribbon used has a Dresden
design on green ground. The hat itself
is green, and at one side a couple of
green ostrich tips jauntily rear their
heads upward, and are held in place by a -
°hoe of ribbon. The entire effeut is most
fascinating, and the color suggests a,
quiet nook by some babbling brook.
exie Mean iitevenge.
The elevator boy in the hotel was a
groat frioud of ,Taele's and gave him a
tido every time jisolt wanted It; but the
time came when they ocascd to love (moll
allot
"What's the matter with you and the
elevator boy, Jack?" asketHais father,
' 'Don't you speak any triore?"
"Non said Jack. "He put ine out of
the elevator last slight."
'What fun'
"Because I mulched him."
'Veil, wasn't be rigbt to do 10"
"Cettainly ho was,'' said ,Tack; "but
he needn't have put me out on the Oath
floor and made me Walk down."
CHANGING STYLES.
FashionabbDEUntsfOr the Month of Sep.
teraber.
With the advent of September comes
whispered hum of new and changing
styles. There is a faint breath of fall in
the air, and milady eyes her summer
finery asnance, visits her dressmaker and
begins gradually to plan for the autumn
campaign.
If she is rich she orders lavishly -too•
lavishly, perhaps, if the truth were told,
because there are such vast quantities of
material already in her wardrobe in made-
up gowns that have rarely seen the light
of day,uwhich ought really to be convert-
ed into modish gowns for the coining.
season. If she is poor, she thinks, plans,
contrives and assists in executing her
own frequently clever designs. Snob de-
signs are based on the reigning modes of
the day, with such modifications as may
occur to the tasteful :serer. In great
measure, too, these plans must conform
to the wearer's -means, and often to the.
cloth already in her possession, from
which site is obliged to fashion her
gowns, instead of purchasing new materi-
als. There is a vast army of stylishly
dressed women whose gowns are made
over from season to season without excit-
ing the slightest suspicion of so econo-
mical a proceeding. When a woman is
what is popularly known as "handy,"
she can accomplish a good deal with a last
year's gown, a bit of new trimming, and
a practical clressiataker at hand to execute
orders.
This applies, of course, where the govna
is not too much worn, as it ought not to
be after the close of the first season. She
who wears out a gown in a single season
does not get the worth of her purchase by
any means. A last year's gown turned,
cleaned and furnished is a triumph for
any woman, because it is an economy
and a thing of beauty and fasbion alt
the same time.
I believe iu made -over gowns. I think
they stand for prudeuce, wisdom, thrift,
economy. 1 believe in the Woman .wbo
wears them, because she is clever enough
to devise them fashionably, and inde-
pendent enough to wear them with an
air that would grace a queen.
I know a few women -I wish I might
say many -who are welnto-do, but whose
made -over gowns stand fax certain name-
less philanthropies which might never be
accomplished without that measure ot
praiseworthy economy in the matter of
gowns. A gown that is not yet soiled
and frayed is like an old friend or an old
bit of lace. There are so many charming
poesibilities eel:meted with it. And
then if you havo worn and liked it, it
has an individuality that an absolutely
new gown cannot bave, 15 bee become
part of yon, as it were. If you wore care-
ful in planning it origivally; if you
knew that it suited you in oolor, con-
straction, trimming, and general outline
and if you will be just as careful whon it
Is made over, you will part from your old
goWn, finally, with ,genuine regret,
A wool gown that has been worn but
one scasun is usually such a very good
gown that no wise SVCallall Can think of
thrusting it aside so early in its career.
September, or late August, is a time for
furbishing, inst as February and Marck
are appropriate SeaS0118 for the same kind
of work. When the last end of the sea-
son comes, one's gowns, ne matter how
well earecl for, need freshening. •This
applies both to the top mid bottom of 5130
gowe. New vests, plastrons, collars, re-
vers, bindiene, eniffeninge, and vthat
Der il)a,Y be 81.13)8tittlDed.
00 8141,1111g new Septeinber
bodices aro covered all over with net.
The newest dinner gowns with demi-
eloovos have adjustable lava yokes or tuck-
ers, which, eurinountod by a stook, finfil
alt the recoiromonts of propriety fax din-
ner gowns and aro equally appropriate for
evening wear, with the yokes removed.
The bodices of such gowns are known as
gunny° bodices; the latter aro out out
at the top like children's bodices. The
idea is novel and useful. • '
The introduction of a &added now col-
or is desirable in making over an old
gown. The panel styles, now so popular,
are well tale:evil to such use, and tboir
proper introduction gives an entirely
new aspect to the gowe.
Gardon party hats are larger alan over.
The daintiest are of white silk mull,
trimmed with bunches of white daisies.
Those of piak mill with eineters of pink
toeobuds are also pretty,