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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Exeter Advocate, 1894-12-13, Page 3LUC7�-�10Yl' 1J llLx'1 TY.. A,I`1A S�, A VIVID STORY ,Of the Famous Siege at Lucknow, in. dia.—Christian Character In Tinto of Distress and Danger—Davelock's Devotion and Courage. Rev. Dr. Talmage to -day began his -series of Around -the -World Sermons through the press, the first subject se- lected being Lucknow, India. The text -chosen. was Deuteronomy, 20; 19 : "When thou shalt besiege a city a long time in making war against it to destroy it, thou shalt not destroy the trees thereof by torcin an axe against them." The awl ulest thing in war is besiege- ment, for to the work of deadly weapons it adds hunger and starvation and plague. Besiegement is sometimes nec- essary, but my text commands mercy even in that. The fruit trees must be ,spared, because they afford food for man. "Thou shalt not destroy the trees thereof by forcing an axe against them." But -in my recent journey round the world I found at Lucknow, India, the remains of the most merciless besiegement of the ages, and I proceed to tell you that story for four great reasons : To show you what a horrid thing war is, and to make you all advocates for peace; to show you what genuine Christian character is un - ,der bombardment ; to put a coronation on Christian courage, and to show you how splendidly good people die. As our train glided into the dimly lighted station I asked the guard, "Is this Lucknow?" and he answered, "Luck - now ;" at the pronunciation of which pro- per name strong emotions rushed through body, mind and soul. The word is a synonym of suffering, of cruelty, of heroism, of horror such as is 'suggested by hardly any other word. We .have for thirty-five years been reading of the agonies there endured and the daring -deeds there witnessed. It was my great 'desire to have some one who had wit- nessed the scenes transacted in Lucknow in 1857 conduct us over the place. We found just the man. He was a young %soldier at the time the greatest mutiny of the ages broke out, and he was put with others inside the Residency, which was a cluster of buildings making a for- tress in which the representatives of the :English Government lived, and which was to be the scene of an endurance and a bombardment the story of which poetry, sand painting, and history and secular and sacred eloquence have been trying to depict. Our escort not only had a good memory of what had happened, but had talent enough to rehearse the tragedy. In the early part of 1857 all over In- adia the natives were ready to break out in rebellion against all foreigners, and -especially against the civil and military :representatives of the English Govern- ment. A half dozen causes are mentioned for the feeling of discontent and insurrec- tion that was evidenced throughout In- dia. The most of these causes were mere ;pretexts, Greased cartridges were no doubt an exasperation. The grease or- dered by the English Government to be used on these cartridges was taken from cows or pigs, and grease to the Hindoos is unclean, and to bite these cartridges at 'the loading of the gaps would be an of- .fense to the Hindoos' religion. The lead- ers of the Hindoos said that these greased 'cartridges were only part of an attempt by the English Government to make the natives give up their religion ; hence un- bounded indignation was aroused. Another cause of the mutiny was that another large province of India had been .annexed to the British Empire, and thou- sands of officials in the employ of the king of that province were thrown out of position, and they were all ready for trou- ble making. Another cause was said to be the bad .government exercised by some English -officials in India. The simple fact was that the natives sof India were a conquered race, and the English were the conquerors. For one :Hundred years the British scepter had been waved over India, and the Indians wanted to break that scepter. There never had been any love or sympathy be- tween the natives of India and the Euro- peans; there is none now. the loft,' said Pur escort, "are the re- mains of a building, the first floor of which in other days had been used as a banqueting hall, but then was used as a hospital. At this part the amputations took place, aud all such patients died. The heat was so great aud the food so insufficient that the poor fellows could not recover from the loss of blood;, they all died. Amputations wore performed without chloroform. All the anaesthe- tics were exhausted. A fracture that in other climates and under other circum- stances would have come to easy conval- escence, here proved fatal. Yonder was Dr. Fayrer's house, who was surgeon of the place, and is now Queen Victoria's doctor. This upper room was the offi- cers' room, and there Sir Henry Law- rence, our dear commander, was wound - rd. Wnile he sat there a shell struck the room, but he smiled and said, 'Lights. rang never strikes twice in the same place.' Hardly had he said this when another shell tore off his thigh, and he was carried dying into Dr. Fayrer's house on the other side of the road. Sir Henry, Lawrence had been in poor health for a long time before the mutiny. He had been in the In- dian service for years and he had started for England to recover his health, but getting as far as Bombay, the Eng- lish Government requested him to remain at least a while, for he could not be spar- ed in such dangerous times. He came to Lucknow, and foreseeing the siege of this Residency, had filled many of the rooms with grain, without which the Residency would have been obliged to surrender. There were also taken by him into this Residency rice, and sugar, and charcoal, and fodder for the oxen, and hay for the horses. But now, at the time when all the people were looking to him for wisdom and courage, Sir Henry is dying." Our escort describes the scene, unique, tender, beautiful and over -power- ing, and while I stood on the very spot where the sighs and groans of the besieg- ed, and lacerated, and broken-hearted met the whizz of bullets, and the demo- niac hiss of bursting shell, and the roar of batteries, my escort gave me the par- ticulars. "As soon as Sir Henry was told that he had not many hours to live he asked the chaplain to administer to him the holy communion. He felt particularly anx- ious for the safety of the women in the Residency, who, at any moment, might be subjected to the savages who howled around the Residency, their breaking in only a matter of time, unless reinforce- ments should come. He would frequent- ly say to those who surrounded his death couch, 'Save the ladies. God help the poor women and children !' He gave directions for the desperate defence of the place. He asked forgiveness of all those whomhe might unintentionally have neglected or offended. He left a message for all his friends. He forgot not to give direction for the care of his favorite horse. He charged the officers, saying, 'By no means surrender. Make no treaty or compromise with the des- peradoes. Die fighting.' He took charge of the asylum he had established for the children of soldiers. He gave directions for his burial, saying, 'No nonsense, no fuss. Let me be buried with the men.' He dictated his own epitaph, which I read above his tomb: 'Here lies Henry Lawrence, who tried to do his duty. May the Lord have mercy on his soul.' He said, 'I would like to have a passage of Scripture added to the words on my grave, such as, 'To the Lord our God be- long mercies and forgivenesses, though we have rebelled against Him'—isn't it from Daniel? So as brave a man as Eng- land or India ever saw, expired. The soldiers lifted cover from his face and kissed him before they carried him out. The chaplain offered a prayer. Then they removed the great hero amid the rattling hail of the guns and put him down amonother soldiers buried at the same time."All of which I state for the benefit of those who would have us be- lieve that the Christian religion is fit only for women in the eighties and chil- dren under seven. There was glory enough in that departure to halo Chris- tendom. Before the time of the great mutiny -the English Government risked much :power in the hanis of the natives. Too many of them manned the forts, Too many of the m were in governmental em- ploy. And now the time had come for a wide outbreak. The natives had per- suaded themselves that they could send the English Government flying, and to -accomplish it dagger, and sword, and !firearms, and mutilation and slaughter must do their worst. It was evident in Lucknow that the natives were about to rise and put to death all the Europeans they could lay their hands on, and into the •Residency the Christian population of Lucknow hastened for defence from the tigers in human form which were growling for their victims. The occupants of the Re- sidency, or fort, were, military and non- combatants, men, women and children, in number about 1 692. I suggest in one 'sentence some of the chief woes to which they were subjected when I say that these people were in the Residency five months without a single change of cloth- ing; some of the time the heat at 120 and 180 degrees; the place black with flies, and all a -squirm with vermin ; firing of the enemy upon them ceasing neither day nor night; the hospital crowded with the dying; small -pox, scurvy, cholera adding their work to that of shot and shell; women brought up in all comfort and never having known want crowded and sacrificed in a cellar, where nine children were born; less and less food; no water except that which was brought from a well under the enemy's fire, so that the water obtained was at the price of blood; the stench of the dead horses added to the efluvi • of corpses, and all waiting for the moment when the army of 60,000 shrieking Hin- doo devils should break in upon the gar- xison of the Residency; now reduced by wounds and sickness and death to 976. men, women and childreh, "Call me early," I said, "to -morrow morning, and let us be at the Residency before the sun becomes too hot." At seven o'clockhi the morning we left our hotel in Lucknow, and I said to our obliging, gentlemanly escort, "Please take us along the road by which Have- lock and Outram came to the relief of the Residency." That was the way we wont. There was a solemn mn 4tillness as we approached the gate of the Rosi- dency. Battered and torn is the mason- ry of the entrance. Signature of shot And punctuation of cannon ball, all up ;and down and everywhere. " Here to "There," said our escort, "Bob the Nailer' did the work." "Who was 'Bob the Nailer?' " "Oh, he was the Asiatic who sat at that point, and when anyone of our men ventured across the road he would drop him by a rifle ball. Bob was a sure marksman. The only way to get across the road for water from the well was to wait until his gun flashed and then instantly cross before he had time to load. The only way we could get rid of him was by digging a mine under the house where he was hidden. When the house was blown up 'Bob the Nailer' went with it." I said to him, "Had you made up your minds what you and the other sufferers would do in case the fiends actually broke in ?" "Oh, yes," said my escort, "we had it all planned, for the probability was every hour for nearly five months that they would break in. You most remember it was 1,600 against 60,000, and for the latter part of the time it was 900 against 60,000, and the Residency and the earthworks around it were not put up for such an attack. It was only from the mercy of God that we were not massacred soon after the be- siegement. We were resolved not to al- low ourselves to get into the hands of those desperadoes. You must remember that we and all the women had heard of the butchery at Cawnpore, and, we knew what defeat meant. If unable to hold out any longer we would have blown our- selves up, and all gone out of life to- gether." "Show me," I said, "the rooms where the women and ehildren stayed during the awful months." Then we crossed over and went down into the cellar of the Residency. With a shudder of hor- ror indescribable I entered the cellars where 622 women and children had been crowded until the whole floor was full. I know the exact number, for I counted their names on the roll. As one of the ladies wrote in her diary—speaking of these women, she said : "They lay upon the floor fitting into each other like bits in a puzzle." Wives had obtained from their husbands the promise that the husbands would shoot them rather than let them fall into the hands of these des- peradoes. The women within the Resi- dency were kept on the smallest allow- ance that would maintain life. No op- portunity of privacy. The death -angel and the birth -angel touched. wings as they passed. Flies, mosquitoes, vermin in full possession of the place, and these women in momentary expectation that the enraged savages would rush upon them, in a violence of which club, and sword, and torch, and throat -cutting would be them tiger forms, Our escort told us again and again of the bravery of these women. They did not despair. They encouraged the sol- diery; they waited on the wounded: and in inth hospital. fibe ygave tip their'tok'n s'fr holders ofthgra e- hot.They solaessa each other whn. their children died. When a husband or father fell such prayers of sympathy were offered as only women can offer. They endured without complaint. They prepared their own children for burial. They were inspiration for the mon who stood at their posts fighting till they dropped. Our escort told us that again and again news had come that Havelock and Oat - ram were on their way to feteh these be- sieged ones out of their wretchedness. They had received a letter .from Have- lock rolled up in a quill and carried in the mouth of a disguised messenger, a letter telling them he was on the way, but the next news was that Havelock was compelled to retreat. It was constant vacillation between hope and despair, But one day they heard. the guns of relief sounding nearer and nearer. Yet all the houses of Lucknow were fortresses filled with armed miscreants, and every stop of Havelock and his army was contested— firing from house tops, firing from win- dows; firing from doorways. I asked our friend if he thought that the world -famed story of a Scotch lass in her delirium hearing the Scotch bagpipes advancing with the Scotch regiment was a true story. He said he did not know but that it was true. Without this man's telling rue I knew from my own observa- tion that delirium sometimes quickens some of the faculties, and I rather think the Scotch lass in hex- delirium was the first to hear the bagpipes. I decline to believe that class of people who would like to kill all the poetry of the world and banish all the fine sentiment. They tell us that Whittier's poem about Bar- bara Freitchie was founded on a delusion, and that Longfellow's poems immortal- izedthings that never occurred. The Scotch lass did hear the slogan. I al- most heard it myself as I stood. inside the Residency while my escort told of the coming on of the 78th Highland Regiment. "Were you present when Havelock came in?" I asked, for I could suppress the question no longer. His answer came: "I was not at the moment present, but with some other young fel- lows I saw soldiers dancing while two Highland pipers played, and I said, 'What is all this excitement about ?' Then we came up and saw that Havelock was in, and Outram was in, and the re- giments were pouring in. "Show us where they came in !" I ex- claimed, for I knew that they did not enter through the gate of the Residency, that being banked up inside to keep the murderers out. " Here it is," answered my escort. "Here it is—the embrasure through which they came." We walked up to the spot. Itis now a broken-down pile of bricks a dozen yards from the gate. Long grass now, but then a blood-spattered:bullet-scarred opening in the wall. As we stood there, although the scene was thirty-seven years ago, I saw them come in ; Havelock, pale and sick, but triumphant ; and Outram, whom all the equestrian statues in Calcutta and Eu- rope cannot too grandly present. "What then happened?" I said to my escort. "Oh," he said, ''that is imposs- ible to tell. The earth was removed from the gate and soon all the army of the relief entered, and some of us laugh- ed, and some cried and some prayed and some danced. Highlanders so dust -cov- ered and enough blood and wounds on their faces to make them unrecognizable, snatched the babies out of their mother's arms and kissed them, and passed the babies along for other soldiers to kiss, and the wounded men crawled out of the hospital to join in the cheering, and it was a wild jubilee, until the first excite- ment passed, the story of how many of the advancing army had been slain on the way began to have fearful effect, and the story of suffering that had been en- dured inside the fort, and the announce- ment to children that they were father- less, and to wives that they were widows, submerged the shouts of joy with wailing agony. "But were you not embarrassed by the arrival of Havelock and 1,400 men who brought no food with them?" He ans- wered, "Of course, we were put on small- er rations immediately in order that they might share with us, but we knew that the coming of this reinforcement would help us to hold the place until further relief should come. Had not this first relief arrived as it did, in a day or two at most and perhaps in an hour, the be- siegers would have broken in, and our end would have come. The Sepoys had dug six mines under the Residency and would soon have exploded all. After we had obtained a few bullets that had been picked out of the wall; and a piece of a bombshell, we walked around the eloquent ruins, and put our hands into the scars of the shattered masonry, and explored the cemetery inside the fort, where hundreds of the dead soldiers await the coming of the Lord of Hosts, at the Last Day, and we could endure no more. My nerves were all a -tremble, and my emotions were wrung out, and I said, "Let us go,'' I had seen the Residency at Lucknow the day before with a be- loved missionary, and he told me many interesting facts concerning the besiege meat of that place, but this morning I had seen it in company with one who in that awful 1857 of the Indian Mutiny with his own fire had fought the besieg- ers, and with his own ear had heard the yell of the miscreants as they tried to storm the walls, and with his own eyes had witnessed a scene of pang, and sacri- fice, and endurance, and bereavement, and prowess, and rescue which has made all this Lucknow fortress and its sur- roundings . the Mount Calvary of the nineteenth century. On the following day about four miles from the Residency I visited the grave of Havelock. The scenes of hardship and self-sacrifice through which he had pass- ed were too much for mortalendurance, and a few days after Havelock left the Residency which he had relieved, he lay in a tent adying, while his son, whom I saw in London on my way here, was reading to the old hero the consolatory Scriptures. The telegraph wires had told all nations that Havelock was sick unto death. He had received the message of congratulation from Queen Victoria over his triumphs and had been knighted and such a reception as England never gave to any man since Wellington came back from Waterloo awaited his return, Bait he will never see his native land. He has led his last army, and planned the last battle. Yet he is to gain another victory. He declared it when, in his last hours he said to General Outram, "I die happy and contented. I have for forty years so ruled life that when death h my1 came I might face it without fear. To die is gain." Indeed this was no new sentimentality with him. He once stat- ed that in boyhood with four companions he was accustomed to seek the "seclusion of one of the dorpnitories for purposes of devotion though, eertain in those days of being devotion, as Methodists and .cant iug hypecrites," He had an early life been xmmersod in a Baptist ehureh.: He acknowledged God in every victory, and says in one of his despatches that he owes it to the power of the Enfield rifle in Britishhands, to British pluck and to the blessing of Almighty God on a most righteous cause." Ho was accustomed to spend two hours every morning in prayer and Bible reading, and if the army was to march at eight o'clock he arose for purples of religious devotion at six o'clock, and if the army was to march at six o'clock he arose& at four,. Sir rlenry Havelock, the son, in whose ar ms the father died, when I came through London invited three of the. heroes of Lucknow to meet me at his table, and told me concerning his father some most inspiring, and Christian things. He said: "My father knew not. what fear was. Ile would say to me in the morning as he came out of his tent, 'Harry, have , you read the Book ?' (Yes,' 'Have you had your breakfast?' 'Yes.' 'Come then and let us mount and go out to be shot at and die like gentle- men!' " The three other heroes at that table told of General Havelock other things just as stirring. What a speech that was Havelock made to his soldiers as he started for Cawnpore, India. "Over two hundred of our race are still alive in Cawnpore, With God's help we will save them from death. I am trying you severely, my men, bat I know what you are made of." The enthusiasm of his men was well suggested by the sol- dier lying asleep, and Havelock, riding along, his horse stumbled over the soldier and woke him, and the soldier recogniz- ing the General, cried out cheerily, "Make room for the General ! God bless the General !" A plain monument marks Havelock's grave, but the epitaph is as beautiful and comprehensive as anything I have ever seen, and I copied it then and there, and it is as follows: " Hero rests the mortal remains of Henry Havelock, Major-General in the British Army and Knight Commander of the Bath, who died at Dilkoosha, Lucknow, of dysen- tery, produced by the hardships of a campaign in which he achieved immor- tal fame, on the 24th of November, 1857. He was born on the 5th of April, 1795, at Bishops Wermouth, Co. Durham, Eng- land. Entered the army 1815. Came to India 1833 and served there with little interruption till his death. He bore an honorable part in the wars of Burmah, Afghanistan, the Mahratta campaign of 1843 and the Sutlej of 1845. Retained by adverse circumstances in. subordinate position, it was the aim of his life to show that the profession of a Christian is consistent with the fullest discharge of the duties of a soldier. He commanded a division in the Persian expedition of 1857. In the terrible convulsion of that year his genius and character were at length fully developed and known to the world. Saved from shipwreck on the Ceylon coast by that Providence which designed him for greater things, he was nominated to the command of the col- umn destined to relieve the brave garri- son of Lucknow. This object, after al- most superhuman exertion, he by the blessing of God accomplished. But he was not spared to receive on earth the rewards so dearly earned. The Divine Master whom he served saw fit to remove him from the sphere of his labor in the moment of his greatest triumphs. He departed to his rest in humble but confi- dent expectation of far greater rewards than those which a grateful country was anxious to bestow. In him the skill of a commander, the courage and devotion of a soldier, the learning of a scholar, the grace of a highly bred gentleman and all the social and domestic virtues of a hus- band, father and friend were blended to- gether and strengthened, harmonized and adorned by the spirit of a tine Chris- tian, the result of the influence of the Holy Spirit on his heart and of an hum- ble reliance on the merits of a crucified Saviour. 2, Timothy 4: 7-8, 'I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith; Hence forth there is laid up for me a crown of right- eousness, which the Lord, the righteous Judge, shall give me at that day; and not to me only, but unto all them also that love his appearing.' This mono meat is erected by his sorrowing widow and family." Is not that magnificent ? But I said while standing at Havelock's grave, why does not England take his dust to herself and in Westminster Ab- bey make him a pillow? In all her his- tory of wars there is no name so mag- netic, yet she has expresssd nothing on this man's tomb. His widow reared the tombstone. Do you say, "Let him sleep in the region where he did his grandest deeds?" The same reason would have buried Wellington in Belgium, and Von Moltke at Versailles: and Grant at Vicks- burg and Stonewall' Jackson far away from his beloved Lexington, Virginia. Take him home, 0, England ! The res- cuer of the men, women and children at Lucknow ! His ear now dulled could not hear the rollof the organ when it sounds through the venerable Abbey the National Anthem. But it would hear the same trumpet' that brings up from those sacred walls the form of Outram, his fellow -hero in the overthrow of the Indian mutiny. Let Parliament make appropriation from the national treasury and some great warship under some fav- orite admiral sail across the Mediter- ranean and Arabian seas and wait at Bombay harbor for the coming of this conqueror of conquerors, and then, sal- uted by the shipping of all free nations, let him pass on and pass up and come up under the arches of the Abbey and along the aisles where they have carried the dead of many centuries. Some audiences and some readers are so slow of thought and so stupid that they need an application made of every subject. But the people who get this sermon have inade the application for themselves already. I challenge you to say whether or not I have kept my pro- mise, when in the opening of this dis- course I said I would show you four things: What an awful affair war is; what genuine Christian character is under bombardment; what is the corona- tion of Christian courage, and how splendidly good people die. 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