HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Exeter Advocate, 1894-4-12, Page 3ARTIST ROSA H41A ER.
Visit b the 1 's Greatest Animal
Painter,
THE ECCENTRICITY OF GENIUS
:lera:sses 1.n ]ulnae .Blouse area hale Attnre—
Sher Ideal elf 'true 9•nuusa2merut—Pbate-
g'ralsaa Aids tau Securing 1VnurYSvo Atta
lin les—aa esI at the Monte and Atelier
—Mem lE®ulrrers Eugenie Sublimed lie
XICkivas ei, llo».yr—Ai1 the 6Wor]d for a.
iU'ar'ss, Basch.—.The ammo of Rosa Ben-
amy tai not less honored, nor hor worlas
fess appreciated a America than in
Seanuce, and Europe generally. Life is
-<laaborious lead short, and the hours of
,liberty were. Rosa Bonheur has had a
good spell of life, but for her it has
lbsan labor -sous, and her hours of liberty,
;have been few and far between.
Raw, women have worked so hard as
;+ilio, and few have gained such well
;pissed renown. For many years past
Mesa izas ,not ..quitted her country reed -
elegies at By, near the town of Morat,
an the department of Seine and Marne:,
ln this little village, skirted by, forest
AO wood, the artist voluntarily exiles
erse.1 from .the busy world, eonsecrat-
all her time and zealously now as
'rise the days of her youth to her paint -
'ling. Her dwelling, constructed of stone
;,axid brit*, is elegant without being
eahowy. Oa ,passing through the iron
;gate the visitor is welcomed by, two•
1aialendid dogs, whose intelligent eyes
Indicate, nevorthless, that an unknown
tintruder by eight would meet with a
er,ery, different reception.
Ascending .the staircase, with its oak-
laal :teamsters, a clear, merry voice was
beard in cordial greeting and a email
nand e,ccustomed to chefs d' oeuvres
extended ; whilst smiling amiably,
Ithe great artist, as is her wont, imme-
,adie{tely, by the simplicity of her man -
Aare, set her visitors at ease. In the
black velvet costume which she wore
she seamed to remind one of Caret, he
M o was always so grand and yet so
7�epdo.
DRESSES LIKE .A MAN..
(011e blue blouse and male attire which
Mesa Bonheur usually wears was the
eobleet of her ambition from the time„
*hien, sus .a girl, she frequented the Paris
e1aughter-houses in order to make
;studies of sheep and oxen from nature.
tilbe butcher -men, who would have been
Astonished at the .presence of a woman,
,saluted with familiarity the youth with
»port flair, who came " to take the por-
graita' of the decapitated sheeps' heads.
(This working costume suits Rosa ad-
amirably well, whose handsome face, with
ecialptured wrinkles, resembles a fine
Sciatic statue, which is at once pensive,
glen -este and solid, although turned 70
-pita is :still alert lively and real -
ea your;, Bordeaux blood flows
au her veins and Parisian wit
lgmilns .on her lips. The eye is superb,
aerii]i:amtly black, and lights up the deli -
gate ;physiognomy, with its increasing
',3nimation
BIM LICITY OF TRUE ART.
au white hair brushed back lightly
*rem the perfectly modelled forehead
meatus • to have been raised by a passing
breeze. Her appearance would have re-
sealed the effect of the wind passing over
atm leads of Michael Angelo's prophets,
of the hind and gentle face had been less
ala ersaing in its simplicity. " Rosa Bon -
hear " (cs the reverse of affectation, or
ptudee' l effect. She showed her atelier
;%vitt( as much self -obliteration as though
be paintings there were not hers. By
Armsful oho brought her studios, which
were not even mounted on frames, and
Bele abets d' oeuvre were presented with
harming 'familiarity ; all her beautiful
love of solitude falling before the
guests whom she is good enough to en-
tertain, and to do the honors of her
museum."
"THAT'S THOW, I AMUSE MYSELF."
This atelier is a sort of private Louvre,
where a (whole record is massed to-
gether ; marvellous studies, a complete
And admirable menagerie, in which one
pees bow the artist has struggled with
;the nature she has mastered, a large
upfleetion of animals, arranged according
to the different classes to which they
;belong, steep, heavy and powerfully built
nxeie, rams with their twisted horns,
'home with their fine limbs, thoughtful
?ayes and palpitating nostrils, fawns,
blade -with their white under parts, foxes
stretching out their necks and piercing
:the canvas with their light-colored eyes,
Ibisons with their hard foreheads, doge,
And even lions, immovable and majestic
;creatures, with attention fixed upon an
stxtraordinary woman, almost hieratic in
Abair menacing or disdainful attitude.
land as Rosa Bonhpeur heaped up fall
;these studies, these marvels of finished
;Art, more finished than some of ber
paintings MO broadly and powerfully ren-
idered, throwing them one after the 'other
gen the ground, she exclaimed, laughingly,
°;There, that's how I amuse myself.'
WORKING . FROM ''MORNING TILL
NIGHT.
Bo it is with all great producers, they
;(atecomplish their work like the oak
grows, -straight and strong, through
retormy wind and pelting rain. They
• easennse" themselves, and the joy of labor
as apparent in their robust work. No
trerrousness or cerebral torture. They
tyle healthy and ponderous, guiding the
cow from dawn till twilight. This is
;true enough, but when the great pro -
:Saver is by nature frail, when the
%mental 'end physical forces are not
' not because of in-
danced it is ' mel ba
�9 y ,
tortured,
t that the brain is or
'36ar'iuor ratan b ,
;but for want of the requisite strength of
gently to support the labor,impoeed upon'
;fit' by the too active intellects. The pie -
tare of great masters shutting them -
Pelves out from the world to live alone
with their ideal is comforting. This is
tree devotion to genius. So also Rosa
3S,on'beur understands ber art.
AN ADEPT AT PHOTOGRAPHY.
Rosa Ilonhenr is adored by the inhab-
Oa sts of By, butvery rarely is she seen
a 'the village, and still more rare aro
e visits she pays to her neighbors..
"Oh,
and in these two
words
All her life, past and' present, . is de-
ercrileed. She wishes to finish the works
a
and �a a knows t
commenced,h that , des-
tiny alreasues the time to human beings,
As the wind ie tempered to the sheep.'
at her easel reamer; Pen -
Milis always toy po
dil in band. She does photography like -
'Wigs and in the evening,
Amitrem
`vriise fo
r
ritaetwtha two turns at reading, she ' eat=
epraiments on enlarging, by which means.
sae obtains the secret of certain furtive
Attitudes, which are almost impossible
to •catch in animate, whose movements
ore generally brusque.
Skin
STUDY A PERFECT MUSEUM.
The whole atelier which le also vast, is
filed with works as fresh and Vigorous
*0 any of the earliestt produced ay this,
Imatiting wend. Hera` and; there„ one 10.0
a few bronees -slid ibooke. Amongst #be
latter " 1'A,barie n Godolphin," by
Eugene Sue, where .Rosa 'Iloahenr as
studying at the ,present moment, aim
derarlptlon of a •combat betweeie two
. race horses, which, (she wishes to produce
in ,all its 'elegant ferocity. There is also
a little Scotch terrier in the study, with
which the artist occasionally amueos her-
self, by way of relaxation. And several
manikins are there .too, • looking at
teverything with their fixed eyes and
clothed in costumes, b of many colors.
These eery° a double purpose. ;Rosa
Bonheur, having several ateliers, all of
which aro crammed full of studios, bas
necessariJY many treys, which she disuses
of in the pockets of her manikins' cloth-
ing. Buffalo Bill once gave her mus-
tangs •for her painting the " Marche
,aux Chevaux," in return for which the
artist gave the donor his portrait as
Col. Cody on horseback. 1
EUGENIE A FAIR GODMOTHER.
On another occasion Moequard, the
French diplomast, paid a visit to Rosa.
Bonheur, in orden .to inquire mystorious-
la if she, ;the daughter of a very old
Republican artist, would not feel ?un-
comfortable or compromised by another
visit, which he left her to divine without.
more explanation. The same day the
sound of .postiliion's whips was heard in
the village of By, and the Empress her-
self arrived from Fontainebleau, where
she was then staying. Rosa Bonbour
had only just time to change her blouse
for the dress she put on when she went
to Paris. On entering the atelier she
found herself in presence of the Empress,
who, presenting her with a jewel case,
said, " Mademoiselle, I .bring you a little,
jewel from the Emperor." And when
Rosa Bonheur, on opening the case, per-
ceived the cross of the Legion d'Honnour,
the royal visitor said again, " I , am
your godmother. Let me fasten the
ribbon myself and give you a kiss." But
in order to fasten the ribbon, a pin was
wanted, and not one was to be found in
the atelier. Pencils, pallets,ehels d'-
oeuvre, but never a pin. At length,
however, one was procured ,and the god-
mother embraced the lady knight. Lady
Bonheur has never forgotten this visit.
Tfi1E 1L . Ia' Ota' BEI4C, UAI PH.
It Ought to be Cultivated Shute it Means'so
Ri Rich.
The srmshine of a happy disposition,
says " Youth's Companion," is not to
be lost sight of in any consideration of
the laws of health. A determination to
make the best of everything, and to be
pleasant under any circumstances, is one
of the most desirable of possessions,
either inherited or acquired.
The joy of an unselfish character has
been sung by poets and praised by phil-
osophers, but its physical advantages
have too seldom been dwelt upon. And
yet the physician is brought into almost
daily contact with " maladies of the
nerves," in which he is fully .conscious
that pure selfishuess on the part of the
patient himself, or on the part of some
member of his family, is alone respon-
sible for the physical disorder.
It is often easy to make a diagnosis in
cases of this kind, but difficult to pre-
scribe the remedy. A healthful interest
in people and things would often pro-
vide a model remedy, but it is not easy
to procure.
Even more hopeless is the case of the
unselfish wearied woman, who meets
the physician's remarks as -to what she
ought to do for herself with, " I cannot
do it, doctor," from which there is no
appeal. Alas for the human charity
which cannot see the need of encourage-
ment for the mother, wife or sister
It lies within the power of everyone
to be a mental healer; the position re-
quires no special training. And every
such person is the physician's ally. He
sees everything through the colored
glasses of an unselfish and hopeful con-
tentment.
The person who is contented and happy
digests his food with greater ease; he
exercises with more buoyancy ; does
better work. He may become ill and
require a physician, but his chances for
recovery are better because of his pre-
vious good health and his present hope-
fulness.
The benefit derived from a " change of
scene " is universally admitted. The
novelty of the new surroundings excites
a pleasure which drives one's thoughts
from self. Here the connection between
happiness and healthfulness is obvious.
It is not always easy to be patient
and to push cheerfully to its close an
uncongenial task;. bat it is the only
wholesome and, healthful method of work-
ing and living.
A constant giving way to anger, or to
any other of the passions is distinctly
detrimental to the physical health, and
not infrequently hastens death.
The habit of being happy is invalu-
able to its possessor. If not always a
passport to perfect health, it is a valu-
able help toward it.
THE 5IILTSN'e ear r• tEi lioNED.
An Embarrassing 1'r. neus !received by
General Lew Walt aree. •
General Lew'Wallace, author of " Ben
Hun" tells this story on himself: "When
I first went as Minister to Turkey, a
very funny thing happened me. One of
the first and most important duties I
had to fulfil was a call of state which
I had to pay to the Sultan. As first im-
pressions are most lasting. I took par-
ticular pains to greatly impress the
Sultan. Great was my astonishment,
shortly after arriving at home, to re-
ceive a visit from one of the great func-
tionaries di the Sultan's court, bear-
ing a token of his highest esteem in
the shape of an elegant present. It was
a beautiful young lady from his own
harem. You may imagine, if you can,
the predicament I was in. If I should
refuse to accept the present it might ser-
iously offend His Majesty, and cause ser-
ious international complications. On the
other hand, if I accepted the beauty,
how culd I explain x lain to the Ameri-
can people ? And there was Mrs. Wal-
lace ! The short of it was that I sent
her back, and next day I succeeded in
explaining to the Sultan the position it
would place mo in • before my people at
home, and convinced him that it would
not be wise for me to accept such a gift.
He eventually replaced the present with
one much more satisfactory—to Mrs.
Wallace, at least.'(
A'Bugs Week of Orenile.
Of the many blocks of granite which
have been blasted outofCragna`
rhill
,
Dalbeatte; none have equate((
that
which was brought' on to the floor of
the
quarryyes erda .
Tho rock
meas-
ures
85x16x14 feet, and weighs nearly
660 tons. The shock of the explosion• m'it a distant.—
ti 'town a
-felt in he
was
Dundee (Scotland) t Eveping Telegraph.
A year 1s Keller ,iccldent9.
During the beet Year 246 boiler ex-
plosions occurred in the United States,
Causing the death of 220 persons, and
initiator to 151 others.
Duluth bas just gained 10,000 in pop-
illation by the annoaiing of West Duluth.
The addition also gives the city fifteen
miles of water front.,
A boy in Saco, Me, recently ate two
pomade of honey at a sitting.
ABOUT . 1IUJQIJ8 E JTESr
Saerillees Seem to be Common
to All the Earth's Religions.
PRACTICES OF THE ORIENTALS.
'Various Maceificial Ithes—Tile Brailgla.
Practices, .-- (human Sacrifices — The
Korona lines -Early Christian 1Lltes
and. Ceremonies.
India and Egypt aro the fatherlands of
mystery and faith. Arabia gave us
language in the present cycle of the de-
velopment of mankind and the numer-
als 1, 2, 3. According to the Koran,
" every age hath its book of revelation."
Religion entered the soul of man, and art.
and science worn born. A noble rever-
ence reared the sacred shrine, and the
happy heart of humanity throbbed with
hope. Philosophy and the poetic muse
flourished where ancient tomb and tem-
ple mutely mark the flight of time.
The moderu pen cannot reveal what the
Oriental of the ages gone has failed to
'record. The epochs that gave peoples
and pointers to the world lie hidden in
the grandeur of their obscurity. It was
more convenient to erase the Sanscrit
scroll than road it. Confucius wished
for longer time to make himself thor
oughly master of the wisdom of anti-
quity. Three thousand five hundred
years had boon reckoned, teeming with
events before his time.
THE BRAHMIN SACRIFICE.
He and his disciples practised the then
ancient ceremony of offering sacrifices
on mountains., Brahma, accordiig to the
Vedas, is considered as having sacrificed
himself for creation— self -immolated to
give humanity existence—" Brahma at
once both sacrificer and victim."
When the Brahmin altars crumbled the
prayers of mortals were addressed to
images in the temples and pagodas, and
these Buddha attempted to overthrow.
Private revelation had spread through-
out the world.
Moses and the prophets of the Hebrews
knew no Trinity—no Father, 'Son and
Holy Ghost. God was a stern, merciless
personality. Jesus taught the unity of
the Supreme Being.
The Apostles gathered the brambles of
trinity from the Brahminical theology of
the east. Brahma as God the Father,Viehu
as the Son, incarnate in Christua, Siva
the Spirit, were taught for thousands of
years throughout India and Asia.
The sacrifices and sacraments of this
creed were literally lapped up by the
Judaic -Christian Church. For example,
baptism migrated from the Ganges to the
Jordan, and in time the waters of these
holy rivers rose to the baptismal fonts,
because the candidates could not be con-
veniently presented ou the sacred shores;
and then followed the water of purifica-
tion, seasoned with salt and aromatics
to keep it sweet. Also, public confessions
were the rule in the early times of the
Church, but two centuries after Christ
the bishops instituted private confession.
SACRIFICES IN ALL RELIGIONS.
Along with many other customs of the
East came the 'sacrifice. Christ ou the
cross was a voluntary sacrifice for the
salvation of mankind.
Sacrifice holds a most important place
in all religions. It originated in a state
of the human mind, which, if not quite
as primitive as that which gives rise to
prayer, is, nevertheless, so early that it
is practically inseparable from it. The
rite became an imperative duty, and-
!worshippers
nd!worshippers vied with each other in the
liberality of their offerings. It was
physical or practical prayer.
Society has sounded the praises of the
Charity Ball, wherein the most lavish
offerings of personal adornment were
displayed. Was there not a sacrifice to
a sentiment, the subtle promptings to
which are mysterious and complex ?
In the month of Ramadam the Moslem
world is quickened to the most devout
activity. The numerous mosques
throughout all Moslem lands are -crowd-
ed with worshippers during this month.
Devotions and prayers are observed five
times a day regularly. No degree of
business pressure will cause the follower
of the Prophet to neglect the forms of
his faith.
The idea among the ancient reformers
indicated that a religion, to be effective,•
must operate upon the material man as
well as upon his mentality. The more
ignorant the tribe or nation, the greater
the necessity of appealing with force
to the physical senses. Hence the effi-
cacy of sacrifices and incense, pictures
of images, tithes and prayers, altars and
sacred robes among the unlettered wor-
shippers of idols, the polytheists of
Greece and Rome and the followers of
the Mosaic ordinances.
Primitive Christianity advanced slowly
until Constantine adopted a long list of
feast and fast days and times for the
observance of a myriad of ceremonies,
and adorned itself with the tinsel and
pageantry of Diana of the Ephesians
and the many material gods and god-
desses of the ancients. It then took
possession of the vast empire of Rome,
and ruled with an iron hand for many
centuries.
The capacity for thought and reflec-
tion in law and religion has been an
evolution out of forms. The first trials
in law were represented in pantomime
,of the subject of the controversy by the
disputants before the judge. Hence the
adaptation, among other rites, of the
sacrifice.
The objects of sacrifice have been
various and valuable in every part of the
world. Tho Kamschatkans, however,
offer nothing valuable to their gods but
what is valueless to themselves.
The Copts kill a sheep, lamb or kid at
a marriage for the use of the guests at
the bridegroom's house.
Palmer's Koran refers to the ancient
custom o sacrifice as either ex-
tinct or abolished by Mohammed.
SACRIFICES OF LIFE.
The most valuable sacrifice that can
possibly be made is the human being,
common among the savages of the South
Sea IS•lands. In Mexico, the brutality
of the practice was excused by the fact
of the victim beingCattle
an enemy. Ca le
are next esteemed in value, and the
largest ox in herds is. selected.
The Soo Soos, of West Africa, are so
careful to propitiate their deity that
they never undertake any affair of im-
Portince untilthey
have sacrificed to
him a bullock.t
0 her edible domestic
animals are bold worthy of the honor of
sacrifice.
The American Indian sacrificed doge on
the borders of difficult roads or by the
side of raids.
In China the animals slain aro bul-
locks, heifers, sheep and pigs.
Bulloeks, goats and sheep were the
chief sacrificial animals of the Jews, se-
lected with great caro to be without
blemish.
An aetnal sacrifice of something the
owner valued is the general practice.
We cover the Coffin of the dead with
flowers ; the grave is often lined with
them. Reverence and .respect go with
these tributes• The eueto'm is a form• of
sacrifice and will not Soon pees away.
The ancient praetiee ,of sacrificing per -
meatus the 'monotheistic ecripturee, era-
bracing Judaism, Christianity and 1811411-
'10M, but to a marked degree less in rho
Moslem rite,
Levitieue, or the third book of Moses
of the Old Testaments abounds in sacri-
cial ordinance,
SACRIFICE. IN THE KORAN.
These aro the references to sacrifice in
the Koran :
And when Moses said unto hie peo-
ple, 'Verily, God commaudetb you to
sacrifice a cow,' they answered, ' Dost
thou make a jest of ne ?' Moses said,
` God forbid that I be one of the fool-
ish.'
"'They said, 'Pray for us and show
us what cow it is.' Moses answered,
' He saith she is neither an old cow, nor
a young heifer, but of a middle age, be-
tween both ; do ye therefore that which
ye are commanded.'
" They said, ` Pray for us unto thy
Lord, that he would show ye what color
sire is of.'
" Moses answered, ' He saith, she is a
red cow, intensely red—her color re-
joiccth the beholderd' They said, 'Pray
for us unto thy Lord, that ho would
further show us what cow it is, for sev-
eral cows with us are like ono another,
and we, if God please, will be directed,'
Moses answered, ` He saith, She is a
cow not broken to plough the earth or
water the field, a sound one—there is
no blemish in her.' They said, ` Now
hast thou brought the truth.' Then
they sacrificed her, yet they wanted but
little of leaving it undone.
" Strike the dead body With part of
the sacrificed cow. So God raised the
dead to life.
" All sorts of cattle aro allowed unto
you to eat, except those forbidden.
" Whoso maketh valuable offerings
unto God, verily they proceed from the
piety of men's hearts. Ye receive vari-
ous advantages from the cattle designed
for sacrifices, until a determined time
for slaying them ; then the place of sac-
rificing t' em is at the ancient house.
Lute the professors of every religion
have we appointed certain rites, that
they may commemorate the name. of
God on slaying them.
SYMBOLISM OF SACRIFICIIS.
"The camels slain for sacrifice have
we appointed for you as symbols of your
obedience unto God. Ye also receive
other advantages from them. Wherefore
commemorate the name of God over
them when ye slay them, standing on
their feet disposed in right order, and
when they are fallen down dead eat of
them and give to eat thereof both unto
him who is content with what is given
hint without asking and unto him who
asketh.
" Thus have we given you dominion
over them• that ye might return us
thanks. Their flesh is not accepted of
God, neither their blood, but your piety
is accepted of him."—The Pilgrimage,
chapter 22.
" Ye are forbidden to eat that which
dieth of itself, and blood, and swine's
flesh, and that ou which the name of any
besides God hath been invocated, and
that which hath been strangled or trill-
ed by a blow or by a fall or bythe horns
of another beast, and that which hath
been eaten by a wild beast, except what
ye shall kill yourselves, and that which
hath been sacrificed unto idols. But
whosoever shall ,be driven by necessity
through hunger to eat of what we have
forbidden, not designing tocsin, surely
God will be indulgent and merciful to
him."—The Table, chapter 5.
PRIVILEGES OF TFii, FAITHFUL.
"It is lawful for you to fish in the sea
and to eat that which ye shall catch,
as provision for you and for those who
travel, but it is unlawful for you to
hunt by land while yo are performing
the rights of pilgrimage.
" Our messengers also came formerly
with Abraham with good tidings. They
said, 'Peace be upon thee,' and he an-
swered, ' And on you be peace 1' And
he tarried not, but brought a roasted
calf. And when he saw that their hands
did not touch the meat he misliked
them, and entertained fear of them.
" And God hath given you some cattle
fit for bearing burdens, and some fit for
slaughter only. Eat of what God bath
given you for food.
" Unto the Jews did He forbid every
beast having an undivided hoof, and of
bullocks and sheep He forbade them the
fat of both, except that which should be
on their backs, or their inwards, or
which should be intermixed with the
bone.'—Cattle, chapter , 6.
To illustrate the mysterious power of
custom long established, though not
commanded by the Koran, circumsion, a
Judaic adaptation, is observed through-
out the Moslem world. This rite is a
creation of the East, and prevailed
from time immemorial.
THE MOSLEM SACRIFICE.
The Moslem sacrifice is a devout offer-
ing to God and a commendable act of
charity at the same time. Tho flesh is
freely distributed to " him who is eon -
tent with what is given him without
asking, and unto him who asketh."
It is a covenant of Islam to worship
no God but Him, to 'follow His law as
revealed by Moses, Jesus and Mohammed,
to avoid as abominations of eaten wine
in any form, idols, games of chance and
divinations ; to eat no flesh of swine, nor
blood, nor thinge strangled, nor food of-
fered to idols, nor the flesh of any ani-
mal killed without invoking God's for-
giveness." (Bismillah Allah Akbar.).Thus
every animal killed for food is in a sense
a sacrifice enjoining compassion during
the act and consequent forgiveness for
it.
During a pilgrimage sacrifices are made
according to the will of the pilgrim,
one or many, according to his means. No
money can be borrowed for any expense
attending this observance. Sheep, cattle,
camels, perfect and without blemish, are
brought from a distance or purchased in
the city and killed on the sand.
Throughout the Sultan's dominions the
faithful observe the obligation of sacri-
fice a
ndP erform a solemn fast
for three
days, called Eedoo'l-Qoorban, that
is
to say, the festival of the sacrifice. This
begins June 10th. The people dross up,
attend prayer in the mosque, visit each
other and make presents to servants.
Sacrifices are usual when a boy is three
years old and his head is shaved for the
first time. A sheep, goat or kid is killed
and the meat cooked and eaten or given
to the poor. This was a custom of the
ancient Arabs before Mohammed's time,
and was tolerated by him to conciliate
thehPagan
Aruba. Tho victim is called in
Arabic ageegah (akeekah,) that is, the
menus of redeeming (the son).
The tombs o numerous £ saints s aro n roue a n
d
their memories are venerated at any
time by . Vows of the sacrifice of
gratitude are made on•theso occasions for
certain fulfilmonts. An animal selected
for ur
this p P oso is marked and turned
out to graze until taken.
At the funeral of a rich person the
fleshof an animal killed is given to all
r
who honor the occasion With their pres-
ence, This custom is called in Arabia
el-kaffarah (the expiation) tor it 18 in,
tended to expiate, or ask that the short-
coihings of the dead be forgotten.
The name of Allah is commemorated
devoutedly at every sacrifice (Bisinal-
lah Allah Akbar). Tho flesh of the slain
animal is taken by whomsoever, and if
there le more than enough the remainder
is removed to the desert nktd: buried: .A11
ordure of blood is remevod by the rani.
tars oorps and disposed of in the. same
manner. A snail tax ie levied on eaeh
pilgrim for this purpose.
OFFERINGS AT MECCA.
Pilgrims from the whole Moslem world
assemble at Mecca, geuorally in the
month of Duihagee (June), the month of
the pilgrimage, In the space of one
quarter of an hour, in the valley of
Wadyneuna, thousands of sheep and goats
are slaughtered. The throat IS cut with
the animal facing the Kaaba.
Tho extraordinary virtue ascribed to
bread and wine, typical of the sacrifice,
or the Lord's Supper, is prevalent in
this Nand, and the feet of eating and
drinking them in faith is held to exercise
a mystic efficacy over the life of the
communicant.
" Christianity," says Amberly, " offers
only an apparent exception to the rule
of the universal predominance of this
idea. We do not find among Christians
the periodical and stated offerings,
either of animals or the products of the
soil, but the idea is carried to its ex-
treme limits in that religion." Had it
not been for the absolute necessity of
propitiating the Mosaic God there would
have been no reason for the mention of
the Perfect Man, Christ. The theory was
inexorable --without this sacrifice God
could not forgive the offences of man-
kind.
Prayer and sacrifice are seen to bo the
most primitive and most general
methods by which man approaches those
objects or ideals his nature prompts him
to worship.
JOAN A. LANT.
Wla•1l Tarn CO LL 1 11 a,dnna'.
now Their Voices and t.eatures Ara
Amen deaf at Welles+eu .
A Boston Post welter, in an article de-
scriptive of a Visit to Wellesley Col-
lege, thus tells of the elocution class eon -
ducted by Miss Currier :
The mission of Miss Currier is to amend
the voice and gestures of the Wellesley
young woman and to help toward the
self -poise and possession that makes up
the manner of the ideal gentlewoman.
Elocution,in this sense,is now on the regu-
lar curriculum of the sophomore year,
and one of the most popular with the
students. Last year the class produced
a play, and this year they will produce
Tennyson's " Princess " in esthetic cos-
tume before a select audience' in the
'chapel.
Tho class was "just assembling. "It
was a great surprise to me when I first
came into the class. I never knew elo-
cutioncould be taught this way—it is
very original," my pretty guide had told
me, and when Miss Currier said : "Now
girls, we will have the exercise 'in reson-
ance, and then the liberating," I began
to think so, too.
The girls sat in expectant rows. " Sit
up straight, drop your jaws and speak
from your diaphragm 1" was the order.
" Now I shall begin to call on you for
remarks—just a sentence, ' What a beau-
tiful day 1' or ` The stn is shining bright-
ly,' or 'What lovely weather for March !'
or 'I'm going to Boston to -day,' Speak
up promptly, and speak from your
diaphragm."
Miss Currier set the example by sitting
up straight, relaxing her jaw and speak-
ing with resonance and amiability. The
girls followed suit, but she shook her
head.
" Miss D--, you must sit straighter—
to make • an open tube from your diaph-
ragm to your lips. That is the only way
Mwo can get resonance."
"No, Miss F—, you use the muscles of
your jaw—that is not the way to let the
full, deep tone out. All the class now
will exercise in'jaty dropping."
Some of the girls giggled, others look-
ed uncomfortable, but the majority had
no self-consciousness. They were solemn-
ly intent on cultivating a resonant voice.
Eighteen jaws dropped at Miss Cur•-
rier's word.
Eighteen bodies sat erect.
Eighteen voices " spoke from the dia-
phragm," contraltos, mezzos and so-
pranos•, and they repeated Miss Carrier's
sprightly question with interested inflec-
tion :
" Aro you going to Auburndale ?"
This was repeated for five minutes.
" Now we will have liberating."
Eighteen pairs of hands were flapped
to and fro vieorouiy. These 18 pairs
of arms were shaken by sections. Then
18 young amazons balanced themselves,
each on one foot, and kicked the air with
energy. This concluded a highly inter-
esting exercise.
Tho periodical story about a baby car-
ried off and devoured by an eagle comes
from Alabama this time. The child was
throe years old, and one of the Smith
family. After a week of intense anxiety
the parents found its bones and pieces
of its frock in the eagle's eyry.
Mother—To think that my little Ethel
should have spoken so impertinently to
papa to -day at dinner! She never bears
me talk that wav to him. Ethel (stoutly)
—Well, you chosed liim, and I didn't.
-at are
fill be r When
blade With
LEUE
for1Ize are
ReE from gRtilsa
1
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kTrifor I ,i"y Q
r
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I orien►nQ and ail
OO ijout.rfro41`t
a-(°ro L f tit a 's b etre r
ar d
and intro -.n. lard.
d.
Made only ay
The) N. K. Falrbank
Company :.
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1it0111'A'R�ikL
U RE
Tick Headache and relieve all the troubles ince
dent to a bilious state of the eyatc such eS
Dizziness, Nausea, Drowsiness, Distress after
eating Palo in the Side, &c. Whllb their most
remarkable success bas been shown !n curinh
a, ,c1
s
lieadacbe, yet CARTER'S Llwl,s Liven Fre s
are equally valuable ni Constipation, eur_ieg
and preventing this srtnoyiee cozpplaint, spite
they also correct all disprders of the stomach,
stimulate the "Oyer ilea regulate the bowels,
Even if they only cured
Ache they woule be almost priceless to those
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but fortunately tb.ei-r goodness .(toes aot end
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these little pills valuable in so meaty ways that
they will sot be willing to do without them,
But after all sick Bead
is the bane of so many lives' ihait bee ii Where
we retake our great beast Ohr flails Cute it
while others do;not
C.lu'rerr's Linea Leven Pries are verysmail
and very easy to take, gria of tiro ills meleea dose. They are strictly veeetalee ".06 do
not gripe or purge, but by tlfgr €lenl<_te tuition
please all who ism the to v ale it cents;
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CABTE3 l!E>?iC11iZ CO,, Marg ?at
hail Phil Small Dani a1I Pricy:
THEY HAD THE SCARS,
Physicians Cause a Sensation
in a School,
VACCINATION EXHIBITIONS.
Had a dynamite bomb been exploded
in the Brooklyn Public School, No. 35,
yesterday, says the New York Daily
American, it could not have created
more of a panic than did the appear-
ance of Dr, Fitzgerald, who announced
that he had come with instructions from
the Health Department to see that all
pupils in the school, male and female,
were properly vaccinated.
Certificates from family physicians
didn't go. Dr. Fitzgerald would have
occular demonstration that the blushing
young misses and frolicsome lads hal
been vaccinated, and that the scar was
clear and well-defined.
The sensation among the girls was
caused by the knowledge that, to avoid
an unseemly scar on their beautiful
arms, some had it placed elsewhere, so
that it would never be seen by any one
but herself and the grayhaired family
physician.
Public School 85 is situated at the
corner of Putnam and Throop avenues,
in that part of the Twenty-third Ward
known as " The Brown -Stone Section."
Many of the female scholars are blushing
misses of 14 to 1S summers. Their in-
dignation knew no bounds when it be-
came noised about that they would
have to show their vaccination scam
wherever it might be, to Dr. Fitzgerald.
Some declared that they would leave
the school rather than submit to suck
an indignity. Others waved a certifi-
cate and declared that to be sufficient
to keep off the entire Board of Health.
But neither indignation .nor certifi-
cate had the least effect on the heartless
Dr. Fitzgerald.
The doctor is a nice looking young
man, of perhaps 25, with a pretty lit-
tle blonde moustache. He doesn't bear
any more resemblance to the ideal
fatherly old family physician, whom
no young girl fears, than a schoolboy
does to a bank President.
When Dr. Fitzgerald announced to
Principal Ives his determination to ex-
amine every pupil in the school, the lat-
ter mildly protested and thought those
having certificates from family physi-
cians ought to be exempt. But this was
met with a positive refusal from the
doctor.
Principal Ives then telephoned to Dr.
Robert A. Black, general -in -chief of the
quill army, and learned that Dr. Fitzger-
ald was sent to the school with specific
orders such as he had stated. That set-
tled it and the work of examination was
commenced with the boys' classes. Arms
were bared and where no tell-tale scar
was visible, the boy was promptly vac-
cinated. Many of them enjoyed the
operation as much as they would a trip
to the circus.
It was only occasionally that a boy
rolled down his stocking and exposed the
calf of his leg to show his scar.
The boys finished; Dr. Fitzgerald turn-
ed bis attention to the girls' classes.
The little tots cried while undergoing
examination or the pricking of the doc-
tor's little needle. But in the older
girls' classes the conditions were differ-
ent.
In each class there were from ten to
fifteen young misses who had sought to
preserve the beauty of their arms by
being vaccinated elsewhere. All such
had heard of the Health Board's edict
and had armed themselves with certifi-
cates, and couldn't quite understand why
that was not enough.
But it wasn't, and a small room used
U Principal
YIves was
selectedy the
he
doctor as an examination room, and into
this each girl was taken by her teacher.
If the scar of recent examination was
not to be found on the arm, then the
young Iady had to roll down' her stock-
ing and show the young doctor just
where it was.
Some who had not been vaecinated
within the prescribed five -years' limit
permitted Dr. Fitzgerald to scratch one
of their shapely limbs with the quill
rather than have their pretty arms
marred by an ugly scar.
In only
one instance rCC had a vaccination
m
been
ads
above the region fou of the knee,
g
One blushing miss of perhaps 18 had a
well-defined scar, bat it was high up 0n
herUt '
hip.
rt
gHer father was sent for,
produced the doctor's certificate and ex-
plained the Circumstances. But Dr.
Fitzgerald's orders were to see all the
scars in School 85, and he did.
In nearly class there were from
five t0 ten girls absent. Their names
were taken and doctors from
the Health
al h
Board will visit their. homes.
When Dr. Fitzgerald gete through;
with the pupils in the school the teachers
Will be compelled to submit to similar
examinatlonp. As malty of then have
been vaeeinated elsewhere than on the
arm the chances are that there will, be
more feminine weeping and gtiasbleg of
teeth.