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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Exeter Times, 1892-12-8, Page 8ase INSURANCE 'Jiti'`' EST l�LLIOT,AGENT FOR l THE WESTE,tN ASSUBANC1t: 00111,. i NY„ Toronto; also for the PRa NIII .e-116.1 "11SU1tANCE COMPANY, 01 London; 1 uglaud, ALLIANC:C INSURANCE COAL- PANT' of'Sugland, Xmas Quai ter The rapidly cooling weather is a reminder that winter is coming, and with it the swift approach of the holiday season. '\VO are now within the Xmas charter and at few flakes of snow occas- ionally fluttering through the air bring. with them many pleasing hopes. Sev- oral thousand buys and girls within a few miles around feel like giving an nrtarsional shout of what may possibly se one ter fill the pocket and enrich the rowers. before the year closes. We have thought of them and provided many months ago. Just now some of the good, are commencing to make their appearance in cases of different sizes.. 11'e will have lots of them this season, Ourstoek is generally pretty full, but "bide a -wee” and you may look through the door and see counters, shelves and stands literally groaning (as the teas meetings say) with their large display, Dull tunes will not daunt- us, the goods will be here and so we lope the ens - Stationer and Fancy Goods. Darter. SNAPS1 IN FANCY ROCKERY —•AT THL— Eiq Baakrup4 Sion A beautiful new etoek just opened. Dinner Setts, Tea Setts, Hanging Lamps Hall Lamps, Parlor Lamps And All Kinds o£ Fancy Crockery. ^�nitalile for X. -oras boxes. See the beautiful aesoltinent, DOLLS, DOLL!, DOLLS Every little girl in Exeter can have a 'ovely fancily of dohs, at very low prices We have an immense stock, and they mast go before X. -encs. MANTLES going at sale prices. Wo mean it ; every. Mantle in our store a. oergain. See them. 3. A. STEWART. Tfilo 1 '34er THURSDAY, DECEMBER Sth 1892. LOCAL HAPPEN f 3G8. Notlee, Having disposed of our butcher business to Ford Bros., a'l accounts owing to Snell Bros. & Co. must be settled on or before lst December, ]89'.:. S ELL BItes. & Co. Tree Boor Goes tn. sr 'The roof of the roller rink went in on riclay evening about 7 o'clock, and great .was the fall thereof,the report being Beard z a;,noiderable distance. The rink was about to be flooded for ice skating, and it was lucky that the roof fell when it would do the least damage. It had been in a dangerous condition for some time, and was a menace to public safety. Mr.Davis will now pull the roof to pieces and ease the lumber. When erected it cost about 53,000 and has been a losing invest- ment for its owner. It will be used as an hie rink, Death of Mrs. Rorn. There died in Exeter North on Saturday 'ast, Mary, beloved wife ot Mr. Wm.Horn. The deceased lady had attained the age of nearly 8.4 years, and had always enjoyed good health, her death being due to natu- ral infirmity. Mr. and Mrs. Horn came .o this section from Darlington some 50 years ago, and after spending a couple of decades in Stephen township, moved to Exeter, whore they have since lived. The deceased leaves a husband and a few mem- bers of a grown up family co survive her, and they have the sympathy of all in the loss of an affectionate partner and loving another. Her remains were interred in the Exeter cemetery on Tuesday. effacers Elected. Advance Council, No, 207, Royal Tem• plane of Temperance election of officers, for the incoming term, took place on Mon- day evening last in their spacious Hall in Woods' Block, when the following officers were elected : Past Councillor, 13ro. John Muir; Select " " Ceo.Penhale; Vice " Sister 0. Voaper ; Chap., Bro. W. Yeo ; Recme$ee., " J. T. Westcott ; Ass't Sec„ " D, Jacques ; Fin. Sec., Sister M. E. Gill ; Treas., 13ro. P. Frayne ; Herald, " H. F. Kinsman ; Aes't " Sister A. Westaway ; Guard, Bro. V. 0. French ; Sentinel, " F. Wood ; Organist, Sister Lucy Balsden; Ass't " '' Edith Brown. At the Inst regular meeting of L. 0. L,, 92.1, on Friday last, the following officers were elected for the ensuing term : W. M., Bro. L. H, Dickson ; D. M.,, " Edward Gill ; Chap., " John Spackman ; R. S., R. Richardson ; ,• " hJas. Acheson Piu.,8., n; Treas., " J. White ; D. of C., " David Dew. Committee men, Bros.Britnoll, Snell, Priz- meter and Newton. Ilrevltie There are five oyster parlors in sown.! The broken weather of the past vr'eek had a depressing effect on business. Read Carling Bros,' new advertisement, They have sornethiug epecial to say. The price of wheat in Canada la today the lowest it has been for twenty years. Wheat is coming down vas low es 62 cents per,bushel having already been paid. Mr, Hall of Dashwood and Mr. Jones of \Viuchelsee have this year purchased nearly $1,000 woith of poultry won.. Choice lot of glassware and crockery opened this week, suitable for X-mas gifts and home furnishing, at J P Clarke',. 91 lbs of sugar comprising four brands for $4 cash ; 25 lbs of prunes (old fruit) for $1 and 28 lbs pure sugar for $1 at Clarks Mr. and Mrs. George Atkinson of Us - borne have the sympathy of their many friends in the less l,y death of their only child. The local members of the Royal Tem. piers will visit 13ensall on Tuesday evg,, and take part in en open tneetit,g of the Council there. Fathers and mothers, don't allow your chi'd.reu to go to school with cold feet when you can get a pair of felt buckled overshoes for 55e,in sixes 3 and 4 at Clark's The R. T, of T. initiated thirteen mem- bers at its meeting on Moudav evening. The Exeter Council is growiug yery rapidly there being over 100 members in good standing, The Listowel. Bawler, referring to the cheese industry, says : "Cheese has paid our farmers wed and we advise our friends auywhere to encourage the factory system both for cheese and butter." A firm of Rochester nursery jobbers, offers tea two dozep strawberry plants for a 53 advertisement, We know both the firm and their strawberry too well to be duped to that extent.—[Ex. The latest date for receiving taxes is the I5th of this month. Of some $7,000 only $2,000 have been paid, The collector will be at the town hall from Dec. 9 to 14th to receive taxes, After the 14th 5% addi- tional will be charged, Tiur Tlur:s' circulation is increasing far beyond any increase of previous yearn. The names of new subscribers are coming in fast. We have added 25 names to list at oue port office. Its the news the peo- ple want, The present council will have only a few more meetings. Is wilt convene on the 15th inat, and its final meeting will be held on Jan. 9, The Council to be elected on next New Year's Day will hold its first session ou the third. Monday in January. I Wallace the champion wood sawyer, of dupla, who clowned J. T• Westcott of this place, in a contest a couple of years ago, was beaten last week by H. Smith of Petrolea. Smith sawed one cord, once through in 52 minutes, 5 seconds• Some idea of the cost ot education in Toronto may be gleaned from the fact that Secretary Wilkinson, of the Board. of Ed- ucation, paid 461 teachers on Saturday their salaries, amounting to over $25,000, The 60 caretakers were also paid nearly 52,000. In all, $27,000 a month for sal- aries. A meeting of the members of the Agri. cultural Society was held. on Saturday for the purpose of voting to empower the Directors to dispose of a piece of land on A.ndrew.st. It had already been sold to Mr. I. Carling, but the law compels the sanction of the members to be first ob. tained. Hero is somethiug which does not seem to be generally known. All mail matter for Great Britain should be weighed before sending, and bo under oz, in weight. If the letter should be ,} oz. or over a fine of 5d. (l0c )is imposed on the party to whom it is addressed. A Tiisonburg boy, aged 16 years, sought to obtain a marriage license for himself and a girl of the same age the other day, He was unsuccessful —[Exchange. It is very different in this town, We have a good many boys here over twice 16 years who have not triedto obtain a marriage license yet. The obliging and efficient mail driver on the St. Marys route has a good joke on some informant with an imaginary griev- ance. The Inspector the other day in- formed him of a date on which he bad failed to call at Science Hill, while in fact it was the day for Metropolit n to receit e their mail and not Science Hill's day at all. People fond of finding fault should be sure of their ground. According to advertisement rn another column, it will be seen that notice is given that application will be made to the Legis- lature of the Province of Ontario, at the next session thereof for an Act authorizing Exeter to issue debentures for the purpose of raising money to meet and pay off the debentures of the said yillage issued for the purpose of aiding the London, Huron & Bruce Railway and accuring due on the 25th day of July, 1893. It would appear that arrangements ark definitely settled regarding the proposed new grist mill in this place. The commit- tee appointed by the Board of Trsde to circulate a subaciiption list, having secur- ed some $2,000, on Tuesday purchased the site. 100 feet of Mr. H. Hooper's property on Main-tt., opposite the town hall has been selected at $10 per foot. The erec- tion of the mill will be proceeded with as soon as practicable. Mr, Thos. Russell, of the Riverside Farm, Usborne, received from the Ameri- can Short Horn Association a cheque for $100, the amount of a prize given by that Association for the cow that , produced the most butter in two days at the Toronto Industrial Fair. Mr ;Russell's cow made 2i poundseachlday,the next highest record being 1/ lbs. • This is the second yearlshe has taken the prize, If the Canadian As- sociation would give similar prizes,it would not be long until the Shorthorn breed would come to the front, not only as beef stock, but as butter producers. Some time ago the Ontario Government passed a law stating that when a person dies and is not known and when the body has to be taken charge of by the munici- pality it shall, instead of being buried, be shipped to the Toronto Hospital, A des- cription of the body is published in the papers in the place where the death occur. red, and if the body is not claimed within tourteen days. it is turned overt, the col- lege for dissecting purposes. The law also states that an inspector shall be appointed in each county, whose business it !shall be tel take charge of the body, find out • all particulars of how the deceased died, and forward both to the Toronto Hospital, The law' is regarded as a ,very good one,as hereafter it will not coat municipalities anything for their dead paupers, the hos- pital paying all. expenses: Bt;sidee, it will ' check the crime of body snatching. Personelle. The many friends of Firs. Geo. Brooke will be pleased to learn that she is able not only to get out of bed, but has sufficiently recovered from her protracted spell of serious illness to walk about almost as sprightly as ever, The critical operation performed had the desired effect, as Mrs. Brooks had. been on the sick list for years. —Rev. Mr. 11IcDonagh preached at Pak- auham on Sunday last,—Mr. Samuel k'anson has moved into a house on Andrew street.—The closing conference year will bring to an end Mr. Russell"e pastoral term in the James-st, Meth Ichuroh. '4'4Ito his successor is likely to be we cannot say, and we are not aware that any particular minister is preferred. Mr. Thomas, rep- resenting the Ball Electric Light Co, was in town last week,looking after some poles the Co, have at the station.—Mr. Joseph Cobbledick, of Cobbledick & Foilaud, has moved his family to town and is now oc- cupyiug the new,residence south Main-st. —Mr. Isaac Langford of London township preached two eloquent sermons inMain-st. church on Sunday last,—Messrs, Sweet and Handford were in town over Sunday It appears that Mr. Sweet ,has not bought property in Mitchell, but however this does not affect other arrangements for tek ng one of our fairest daughters to be- come a resident of that town. -Messrs. Elliot & Elliot ale about to add a new clerk to their staff.—Mr, W. 0. Gay, a former typo fn Tits Tietss, In company with a literary light, has commenced the publica- tion of the "Wave" in Hamilton. The paper is not and clean, and is likely to become a permanent venture.—Mr. A. J Rollins was in Zurich on Monday in con- nection with grist mill matters,—Mr, G. A. Mace of Toronto was in town the fore- part of the week on business,—Of the five applicants for organist of ,Main-st. Meth. church the tender of Mrs. John Blatchford was accepted; salary $60 per annum,—A petition is in circulation praying that the G. T. R. re.appoiut Capt Geo. Kemp as town ticket agent. It has been largely signed.—Dr. Browning has written from the Old Country that he will reach Exeter to -day (Thursday) His many friends and numerous patients will be pleased to see him after so long an absence.—Mr. Th.,," Hockey, formerly News .Agent on the H. & B., but now of Fort Gratiot, is visit- ing friends in this place at present,—Mr. Walter Millson of McGillivray, who has been attending the Exeter school for some time, left on Monday ; he will attend the Belleville College after the holidays.—Mr. W. Kedidy, of tJsborno, left on Tuesday for British Columbia, in company with a Mr. ticTaggart who is shipping two car,, loads of sheep to that Province, Mr. I • will visit a brother out there, whom he h not seen for two years.—Miss McTavish lett on Tuesday for Ripley, to spend the X-mas holidays at home.—Rev. Mr. Mc- Donagh will deliver an addrese in Clinton on the 13th -lira. Brownlee was the guest of her daughter, Mrs. D Wood, this weer( —Mr, A. J. McTavish was in St. Marys on Tuesday.—P. II. Collins attended Court at Lucan on Tuesday.—Mr. Wm. Snell has moved into his new residence on William street, and Mr. Jones of McGil- livray le moving into the house vacated by Mr, Snell. Acquitted. The final hearing of the charges of at breaking preferred against two young I named Cooper and Glavin , of Shipka, par. Madera of which were given at the time of arrest, took place before Jadge Doyle at Goderich on Wednesday ;last. After a Iengthy examination, both lads were dis- miased,nothing having been proved against them. While Means. Merner & Wing could swear to their private mark on cer- tain articles alleged to have been stolen,;it could not be proven whether the goods came from the Zurich or Shipka stores, these gentlemen running a store at either village and their private marks beingiden- ttcal. The lads came to Exeter Wednesday eyg. and proceeded to their home near Shipka more buoyant than ever The Tiuzs fur the halauce of this year FREE. Read what J. P Clarke has to say iu his space in another column. It will profit you. DRESSED Hoes WANTED—The under- signed will be on the old market daily to purchase;hogs;lhighestprices; Hugh Brown Close season for partridge, woodcock, snipe, plover, duck, black anti grey squir- rels, and hares begins on the 15th Dec- ember. A. new arrival of citron and lemon peels, sultana and other raisins, very choice cur- rants, mace and full line of pure apices at Clarke's. FREE.The Thins will be sentirom now until the first of January 1894, for $1 Subscribe at once and get the balance .f 1892 free, Only 4 goat robes left and good value, prices $11 and $8.50, will be sold at $9.40 and $7 respectively, Dont forget the fact; at Clarke's Bargains, bargains, bargains. A. holesale stock of Albums for less than half price, at the Big Bankrupt Store. After an illness of nearly a year's duration, borne with Christian fortitude, Mrs D Stevenson, of Egmondville, passed peace- fully away on Friday afternoon of last week. Papst's stationery store, Mitchell narrow• ly escaped destruction by fire on. Friday last. A large Pittsburg lamp fell setting fire to a lot of fancy goods, entailing a loss of $100. Blyth is to have 6 arc lights of 2,000 candle power each, and the Council have agreed to pay Mssers Kelly $360 per year for supplying same. The lights are to be supplied 8 months of the year. Chas Latta, the popular and efficient teacher in school section No 7, Stanley, intends attending Goderich High School at the close of the year, for the purpose of obtaining a higher grade certificate. Mr Thomas Campbell an old and respected resident of the 7th concession of McKillop died on Thuraday of last week. Mr Camp- bell was a native of Ireland and came to this country when quite young. He was twice married but leaves no children. His second wife survives him. It is singular :fa t that the cheapness of an article should even temporarily retard its sale and yet that was the experience of Messrs. Tuakett & Billings in the intro- duction of their now celebrated " Myrtle Navy" tobacco. People who have been in the habit of smoking the finest Virginia tobaccocould not for a Hare be made to believe that they .were getting the same article for about one-half,. he old price t o p ice and it was only by slow degree that they were induoed to put the question to an actual trial. When they did adopt that test how- ever it never failed to satisfy them. RS, FURS, FUNS I�1Ci3:1RI� PICKARD & SON Are showing immense values in Fur Goods of all descriptions, If you ,intend purchasing Furs of any kind, be sure and call and inspect our stook. We can suit you in Style, Quality and Price. RICHARD PICKARD & SON. 0 Seaforth Dye Works. All orders for the above works can be left at E H Fish's barber shop. Satisfac- tion guaranteed, Notice, J. H. Grieve, having disposed of his stock and accepted a situation m Cobourg, requests an early settlement of all aS. counts, All outstanding accounts must be paid to:J. Senior on or before Nov. 15th. J. H. GRmvs. ONCE MORE, mantles must be clear- ed out at the Big Bankrupt Store. Do you want one ? An effort is being made to cause the bar rooms of London hotels to be closed at 7 o'clock every evening. Tueaclay of last week was the 20th anniversary of the election of Sir Oliver Mowat to the North Riding of Oxford. Every little girl inExeter has especial invitation to call and see the big fancily of dolls at the Big Bankrupt Store. A woollen mill Co., composed of Eng- lish capitalists, with stock of $100,000, will build alarge mill in Brandon, Man. The election of petition against Hon. J. 0, Patterson, member for West Huron, has boon dropped by the Liberals. The eidewalks were rendered vory slippery on Tuesday, owing to the rain freezing as it full. Many wore the down- falls of both great and small. You make a mistake if you buy any Z-mas presents before looking through ;the great stock at the Big Bankrupt Store. The contract for the buildings for the la ge pork packing concern in London has been awarded, and it will cost about $25,000. The establishment of a pack- ing house of the kind proposed will be a boon to Western Ontario in many ways. The trustee elections of the tewn should be held on the same day as tree council elections. The importance of the change should be apparent to every body when we consider that nearly half the taxes are for school purposes. Mr. Thos. Holmes, of Wingham, the father of the late John G. Holmes, of Toronto, who contested South Huron with 11r. Bishop, at the last election, has commenced an action againat•W. H. Bost, the la v partner of his late son, for an account of the partnership. '-, The property of a farmer named L1' grice, near Woodstock, will be sold on • the 28th. Some twenty years ago Le- grice suddenly disappeared, having $600 in his possession, and has not been heard of since. He was a close relative to Mrs Pollard. Mrs Thos. Bosley, of Mesa, had the good luck to discover a dollar gold piece in one of her fowls while dressing it, a spring chicken. How the coin came there is a mystery, for they aro very seldom seen now -a -days where chickens can pick them up. .At a meeting of the General Confer- ence Special Committee, of the Metho- dist church, in Toronto, last week, Rev. Dr. Griffin, of Galt, was chosen as the Secretary of theSuperannuation Fund, to succeed the late James Gray. The position is worth $1,000 a year. It was expected by many that Rev. Mr. Mc- Donagh of this place would have accept- ed he position, but possibly he prefer- red remaining it the field of activity. The annual meeting of the ExeterFire Co. No. 2, was held on Thursday even- ing, when the following officers were elected for 1893 :—Capt. Jas. Weekes; lst Lieut. Silas Handford ; 2d Lieut, Rich. Farmer; Secy-Treas. David Spicer I Branch, J. Rendle 2nd Branch Eli Snell; Foreman of hose, Geo. Hill; As- sistant do., Ed. Treble. After themeet ing the Firemen partook of an Oyster Supper at Mr. F. J. Knight's, and they speak very highly of the manner in which Mressed Mrs. Knight entertained them. . Sonoom REPORT—The November re. port for S. S. No. 2, Hay, ie as follows, names in order of merit Sr. 'IV -K. Chapman, R. F. Chapmah, A. Shirray. Jr. IV -A, Northcott, M. I. Russell,N, O'Brien. Sr. III—Jas. Shirray, Nellie Gould, Nellie Northcott. Jr. III—B. Northcott, J. Todd, A. Todd. II E. O'Brien, H. Gould, 0. Gould. Sr. Pt. II—B. O'Brien, J. Munn, R. Sotherby. Jr. Pt. II—R. O'Brien, N. Sotherby,E. Tinney. Pt, I—E. Northcott;, T. North- cott, F. Johnston. The beat spellers in the monthly spelling match were Kate Chapman, N. O'Brien, N. Goulfl, S. J. Northcott, W. Warren, B. O'Brien, N. i Sotherby, E. Northcott. Books, b d o."letd' ;Writing tablets, ink s.tan -.3 stands,'and a kinds of Xmas 'cods goods, cheap,• very clfe'tt e,.at the Big Bankrupt Store,. Minard'a Liniment cures'Garget:in Cows LOOKI\G OVER OUR WINTER STOCIi You will find never before were Goods more attractive. They are better than have ever been offered by us and we don't mind telling you that we propose to make our Competitors Hustle And will accomplish it by our Goods and our prices. Have you bought your Furs yet? We have a fine range. A, choice line of Ties, Silk Handkerchiefs, Etc., for X-mas boxes in ladies' and gents.' See our Tweed Suitings for dresses, beautiful Goods. Trimmings the newest. Gents Ties, Braces and Underwear in abundance, i nobby Goods. For a fine Suit get our prices and we will convince you that we are the Lowest and Best. Take a look at our windows, and see the fine display ot Lamps, and Fancy China for Xmas. Boots and Shoes— We take the lead. Men's Boots, 98c ; Felt Boots, $1.59, Groceries— This Department we pride ourselves in. TRY OUR 25c. TEA, TIIB TALK OF THE VILLAGE. Fancy Soap, just think of it, 15 cakes for 25c. Highest price paid for produce : Butter, 19c ;. Lard, 110 ; Eggs, 17e ; Ducks, 7c ; Geese, 6c ; Turkeys,. 90 ; Chicken, 6c ; Plied Apples, 40. CABLING &BOS. LANG'S4 E. .00MS Market Square, Exeter. !v in season, every 1<ind of Implement used on a farm, in- ch.. _tinders, Mowers, Rakes, Drills, Cultivators, Etc., and all the Implr,cnents of the Massey -Harris Co's manufacture. On the removal of the Verity Foundry to Brantford we purchased. a large quantity of plow,repairs at a low figure, which will be sold at a reduced price Also Special Agent for the VERITY PLOWS and Their REPAIRS. We haveZthem in large quantities and can supply them at Factory prices. Poultry 1 Poultry ! Poultry. Upon the opening of the season, about 20th Nov. we will be prepar- pared to purchase any quantity of all kinds ot Poultry, at highest prices, Watch for instructions as to .killing and dressing, R. S. LANG. Exeter Municipal Council. Mr Arthur Whitiugham of the 4th con Stanley bas rented his farm for a term of The council met lst December, 1892, five years at a yearly rental of $150 in ad The reeve, deputy reeve and Mr. Carling present. Minutes of previous meeting con- firmed. Carling—Spackman—Orders : J. Sweit- zer, $3, rep fire engine; M. Eacrett, glass in town hall, $1; E,Treble, 50c, drain box;; W. Westcott and P.Rowcliffe, $1 75, labor; No. 2 Fire Co., $90, servioes; Jas Creech, $1, charity Mrs Piper; do $2, Mrs McIn- tyre; do$10 50, wooti for town hall; do, $2, charity to Mrs McIntosh; Wm. Treble, $25,salary as chief engineer to May 1,1892. —Carried; Mrs Piper applied for relief, pleading sickness Spackman- Carling -$1 per week grant- ed until further orders. The council adjourned until call of the reeve. M. EAoriarr, Clerk, Don't forget the bargains in children's hoods and hats, at 10c each ; also white fur caps at 25e. at J P Clarke's., The local Ladies' Missionary Scciety in connection with the Methodist church, in- tend, at an early date, sending a box of clothing to some hospital in British Col- umbia. TheAnniversaryof the Jan te s st ]cloth. church ill w beheld on Sunday next. Rev Dr. Antliff'of London will preach special Sermons on Sunday; while on Monday a social tea will be given. A. splendid pro- gram has been prepared for the whiling away of the closing hours. vanoe. He intends to take a trip to the Pacific coast, hie family remaining here. The other day while Mr Alf Goodwin of Clinton was attending to his horses in the stable one of them cru.'lied him against the side of the stall fracturing a couple of his ribs. There are rumors afloat from Seaforth of a union of the two Preebyte,ien churches. Perhaps is worse mole might be -made especially on the part of Seaforth,as there is evident need of a permanent assistant to the Rev. Dr, McDonald. Mrs G. M. Young 1' Sully Street Grove Street Liverpool Eng. writes that the contents of one bottle of St. Jacobs Oil cured her of lumbago after she had given up all hopes of ever getting better. Gustave Smyth of Mitchell was:gathered to his fathers on Sunday evenifig at the good old age of 92 years, 3 months and 11 days. Deceased bad, been a resident of Mitebell and vioiuity for up =IS of 43 years and for 9 years was caretaker of the town hall and boll rimer. TO PRI]V.CNT GRIP—Oe any other* similar epidemic the blood and the whole system should be keptin healthy condition. If you feel worn out or have "that tired feeling" in the morning do .not be gnilty;of neglect. Give immediate attention to yourself. Take Hood's Sarsaparilla to give strength, purify the.blood andprevent dis- eaee,—Hood's Pills cure liver ills,jaundice biliousness, sick headache constipation. 1